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Habich A, Garcia-Cabello E, Abbatantuono C, Gonzalez-Burgos L, Taurisano P, Dierks T, Barroso J, Ferreira D. The effect of cognitive reserve on the cognitive connectome in healthy ageing. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01328-4. [PMID: 39210164 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
During ageing, different cognitive functions decline at different rates. Additionally, cognitive reserve may influence inter-individual variability in age-related cognitive decline. These complex relationships can be studied by constructing a so-called cognitive connectome and characterising it with advanced graph-theoretical network analyses. This study examined the effect of cognitive reserve on the cognitive connectome across age. A total of 334 cognitively healthy participants were stratified into early middle age (37-50 years; n = 110), late middle age (51-64 years; n = 106), and elderly (65-78 years; n = 118) groups. Within each age group, individuals were subdivided into high and low cognitive reserve. For each subgroup, a cognitive connectome was constructed based on correlations between 47 cognitive variables. Applying graph theory, different global network measures were compared between the groups. Graph-theoretical network analyses revealed that individuals with high cognitive reserve were characterized by a stable cognitive connectome across age groups. High cognitive reserve groups only differed in modularity. In contrast, individuals with low cognitive reserve showed a marked reconfiguration of cognitive connectomes across age groups with differences extending over a variety of network measures including network strength, global efficiency, modularity, and small-worldness. Our results suggest a stabilizing effect of cognitive reserve on the cognitive connectome. Gaining further insights into these findings and underlying mechanisms will contribute to our understanding of age-related cognitive decline and guide the development of strategies to preserve cognitive function in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Habich
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Eloy Garcia-Cabello
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Chiara Abbatantuono
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Lissett Gonzalez-Burgos
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Thomas Dierks
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - José Barroso
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas, Spain.
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Sampedro-Piquero P, Buades-Sitjar F, Capilla A, Zancada-Menéndez C, González-Baeza A, Moreno-Fernández RD. Risky alcohol use during youth: Impact on emotion, cognitive networks, and resting-state EEG activity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110994. [PMID: 38514039 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The identification of the risk factors of alcohol consumption in youths is crucial for early interventions focused on reducing harmful alcohol use. In our study, 82 college students (40 healthy control (CO group) and 42 with risky alcohol use (RAU group) determined by AUDIT questionnaire) between the ages of 18 and 25 years underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment covering emotional and cognitive functioning. Their resting-state activity was also recorded with an EEG for 10 min with their eyes open (EO) and 10 min with their eyes closed (EC) and analyzed using the Fitting Oscillations & One-Over-F (FOOOF) paradigm. After adjusting for sex, those in the RAU group had higher emotional dysregulation and impulsivity traits. The RAU girls presented more emotional regulation problems, such as dysregulation and negative urgency compared with the RAU boys. The RAU youths had significantly worse functioning in several cognitive domains, such as sustained attention, verbal memory, and executive functions. Cognitive network analysis revealed a different pattern of connections in each group showing that in the RAU group, the verbal memory domain had the highest connection with other cognitive functions. The EEG analyses did not reveal any significant differences between the CO and the RAU groups. However, we observed only in the EO condition that boys the from the RAU group displayed a higher theta/beta ratio than the RAU girls, whereas these differences were not observed within the CO group. Our findings highlight the need to explore more deeply the emotional, cognitive and brain changes underlying the RAU in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sampedro-Piquero
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
| | - F Buades-Sitjar
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - A Capilla
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - C Zancada-Menéndez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - A González-Baeza
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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Borne A, Lemaitre C, Bulteau C, Baciu M, Perrone-Bertolotti M. Unveiling the cognitive network organization through cognitive performance. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11645. [PMID: 38773246 PMCID: PMC11109237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of cognitive functions interactions has become increasingly implemented in the cognition exploration. In the present study, we propose to examine the organization of the cognitive network in healthy participants through the analysis of behavioral performances in several cognitive domains. Specifically, we aim to explore cognitive interactions profiles, in terms of cognitive network, and as a function of participants' handedness. To this end, we proposed several behavioral tasks evaluating language, memory, executive functions, and social cognition performances in 175 young healthy right-handed and left-handed participants and we analyzed cognitive scores, from a network perspective, using graph theory. Our results highlight the existence of intricate interactions between cognitive functions both within and beyond the same cognitive domain. Language functions are interrelated with executive functions and memory in healthy cognitive functioning and assume a central role in the cognitive network. Interestingly, for similar high performance, our findings unveiled differential organizations within the cognitive network between right-handed and left-handed participants, with variations observed both at a global and nodal level. This original integrative network approach to the study of cognition provides new insights into cognitive interactions and modulations. It allows a more global understanding and consideration of cognitive functioning, from which complex behaviors emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Borne
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - C Lemaitre
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - C Bulteau
- Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, 75019, Paris, France
- MC2 Lab, Institut de Psychologie, Université de Paris-Cité, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - M Baciu
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - M Perrone-Bertolotti
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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Baciu M, Roger E. Finding the Words: How Does the Aging Brain Process Language? A Focused Review of Brain Connectivity and Compensatory Pathways. Top Cogn Sci 2024. [PMID: 38734967 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
As people age, there is a natural decline in cognitive functioning and brain structure. However, the relationship between brain function and cognition in older adults is neither straightforward nor uniform. Instead, it is complex, influenced by multiple factors, and can vary considerably from one person to another. Reserve, compensation, and maintenance mechanisms may help explain why some older adults can maintain high levels of performance while others struggle. These mechanisms are often studied concerning memory and executive functions that are particularly sensitive to the effects of aging. However, language abilities can also be affected by age, with changes in production fluency. The impact of brain changes on language abilities needs to be further investigated to understand the dynamics and patterns of aging, especially successful aging. We previously modeled several compensatory profiles of language production and lexical access/retrieval in aging within the Lexical Access and Retrieval in Aging (LARA) model. In the present paper, we propose an extended version of the LARA model, called LARA-Connectivity (LARA-C), incorporating recent evidence on brain connectivity. Finally, we discuss factors that may influence the strategies implemented with aging. The LARA-C model can serve as a framework to understand individual performance and open avenues for possible personalized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Baciu
- LPNC, Psychology Department, Grenoble Alps University
- Neurology Department, Grenoble Alps University Hospital
| | - Elise Roger
- LPNC, Psychology Department, Grenoble Alps University
- Communication and Aging Laboratory, Research Center of the University Institute of Geriatrics of Montreal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal
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Dohm-Hansen S, English JA, Lavelle A, Fitzsimons CP, Lucassen PJ, Nolan YM. The 'middle-aging' brain. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:259-272. [PMID: 38508906 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Middle age has historically been an understudied period of life compared to older age, when cognitive and brain health decline are most pronounced, but the scope for intervention may be limited. However, recent research suggests that middle age could mark a shift in brain aging. We review emerging evidence on multiple levels of analysis indicating that midlife is a period defined by unique central and peripheral processes that shape future cognitive trajectories and brain health. Informed by recent developments in aging research and lifespan studies in humans and animal models, we highlight the utility of modeling non-linear changes in study samples with wide subject age ranges to distinguish life stage-specific processes from those acting linearly throughout the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dohm-Hansen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jane A English
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aonghus Lavelle
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Carlos P Fitzsimons
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Brain Plasticity Group, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Brain Plasticity Group, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Moret B, Kolasinska AB, Nucci M, Campana G, Zini F, Gaspari M, Stablum F. Cognitive benefits of the attentional vs exergame training in older adults. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:531-541. [PMID: 37395120 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2228220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of an Attentional Computerized Cognitive Training and a commercial Exergame Training. METHODS Eighty-four healthy older adults took part in the study. They were randomly assigned to one of the following conditions: Attentional Computerized Cognitive Training (ATT-CCT), Exergame Training (EXERG-T), or passive Control Group (CG). Participants assigned to the experimental groups underwent 8 laboratory-based sessions-lasting approximately 45 min each-of the respective training activity. A battery of cognitive tests was assessed before, after, and 3 months following the intervention phase. RESULTS The results showed that just the ATT-CCT improved participants' performance, specifically within attention, processing speed, verbal learning and memory. While both intervention groups revealed improved memory self-perception and decreased self-reported absent-mindedness, only the benefits following the ATT-CCT proved to be stable over time. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that our ATT-CCT may be an effective tool for enhancing cognitive abilities in older healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Moret
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Nucci
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Human Inspired Technology Research Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Campana
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Human Inspired Technology Research Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Floriano Zini
- Faculty of Computer Science, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Mauro Gaspari
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Franca Stablum
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Human Inspired Technology Research Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Scheib JPP, Stoll SEM, Randerath J. Does aging amplify the rule-based efficiency effect in action selection? Front Psychol 2023; 14:1012586. [PMID: 36936001 PMCID: PMC10014753 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1012586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
When it comes to the selection of adequate movements, people may apply varying strategies. Explicit if-then rules, compared to implicit prospective action planning, can facilitate action selection in young healthy adults. But aging alters cognitive processes. It is unknown whether older adults may similarly, profit from a rule-based approach to action selection. To investigate the potential effects of aging, the Rule/Plan Motor Cognition (RPMC) paradigm was applied to three different age groups between 31 and 90 years of age. Participants selected grips either instructed by a rule or by prospective planning. As a function of age, we found a general increase in a strategy-specific advantage as quantified by the difference in reaction time between plan- and rule-based action selection. However, in older age groups, these differences went in both directions: some participants initiated rule-based action selection faster, while for others, plan-based action selection seemed more efficient. The decomposition of reaction times into speed of the decision process, action encoding, and response caution components suggests that rule-based action selection may reduce action encoding demands in all age groups. There appears a tendency for the younger and middle age groups to have a speed advantage in the rule task when it comes to information accumulation for action selection. Thus, one influential factor determining the robustness of the rule-based efficiency effect across the lifespan may be presented by the reduced speed of information uptake. Future studies need to further specify the role of these parameters for efficient action selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah E. M. Stoll
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Lurija Institute for Rehabilitation Science and Health Research, Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Germany
| | - Jennifer Randerath
- Lurija Institute for Rehabilitation Science and Health Research, Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Germany
- Outpatient Unit for Research, Teaching and Practice, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Nascimento MDM, Kliegel M, Silva PST, Rios PMB, Nascimento LDS, Silva CN, Ihle A. The Association of Obesity and Overweight with Executive Functions in Community-Dwelling Older Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2440. [PMID: 36767806 PMCID: PMC9915331 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Among the risk factors reported for cognitive decline, the literature highlights changes in body composition. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between obesity/overweight and executive functions in cognitively normal older adult women. This cross-sectional study included 224 individuals (60-80 years), stratified into normal weight (n = 45), overweight (n = 98), and obesity (n = 81). As outcomes, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and Trail Making Test Parts A and B were assessed. We found positive correlations of BMI and WC with completion times of TMT-A and TMT-B, and a negative correlation of BMI and WC with education. ANCOVA showed an association between higher BMI and slower completion time of TMT-A, TMT-B, and ΔTMT (B-A). Impairment of executive functions of cognitively normal older women may be positively associated with obesity and negatively associated with years of education. The findings may contribute to designing strategies that make it possible to prevent cognitive decline in women during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo de Maio Nascimento
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paloma Sthefane Teles Silva
- Multiprofessional Residence, Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil
| | | | - Lara dos Santos Nascimento
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil
| | | | - Andreas Ihle
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Corujo-Bolaños G, Yánez-Pérez R, Cedrés N, Ferreira D, Molina Y, Barroso J. The block design subtest of the Wechsler adult intelligence scale as a possible non-verbal proxy of cognitive reserve. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1099596. [PMID: 36936503 PMCID: PMC10017431 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1099596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the potential of the Block design subtest of the Wechsler Adults Intelligence Scale as a non-verbal proxy of cognitive reserve. Method A total of 391 cognitively unimpaired participants were included in this study. The association between the Block design subtest and the Information subtest (an established verbal proxy of cognitive reserve) from the WAIS, as well as the association of the two subtests with a Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire (CRQ) were tested. In addition, multiple linear regression models were conducted to investigate the association of the Block design and Information subtests with cognitive performance. The capacity of the Block design subtest to minimize the negative effect of an older age over cognitive performance was also assessed and this effect was compared with that of the Information subtest. The four cognitive domains included were: verbal memory, visual-visuospatial memory, executive-premotor functions and processing speed. Results The Block design subtest correlated positively with both the Information subtest and the CRQ. A statistically significant association was observed between the Block design subtest and all four cognitive domains. Higher scores in the Block design subtest minimized the negative effect of aging on the cognitive domains of visual-visuospatial memory and executive-premotor functions, in a similar way to the results obtained for the Information subtest. Conclusion The Block design subtest is significantly correlated with two established proxies of cognitive reserve: it correlates with cognitive performance and high scores in Block design have the capacity to minimize the negative effect of an older age on cognitive performance. Therefore, the results suggest that the corrected Block design subtest could be considered as a non-verbal proxy of cognitive reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nira Cedrés
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas, Spain
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-lab), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yaiza Molina
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas, Spain
- *Correspondence: Yaiza Molina,
| | - José Barroso
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas, Spain
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Ferguson CE. Network neuropsychology: The map and the territory. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:638-647. [PMID: 34800585 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In "network neuropsychology", network modelling and graph theory is applied to the neuropsychological test scores of patients with neurological disorders to investigate cognitive functioning. This review identifies the emerging literature on several disorders before focusing on the assumptions about cognition underlying the studies; specifically, that cognition can be thought of as a network of interrelated variables and that changes in these interrelationships, or cognitive rearrangement, can occur in neurological disorders. Next the review appraises how well network models can provide a "map" of this cognitive "territory". In particular, the review considers the lack of correspondence between the variables and properties of network models and cognitive functioning. The challenges of explicitly accounting for latent cognitive constructs and making inferences about cognition based on associative, as opposed to dissociative, methods are also discussed. It is concluded that the validity of network neuropsychological models is yet to be established and that cognitive theory and experiments, as well as network models, are needed to develop and interpret better maps.
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