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Guo Y, Lin Z, Fan Z, Tian X. Epileptic brain network mechanisms and neuroimaging techniques for the brain network. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2637-2648. [PMID: 38595282 PMCID: PMC11168515 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy can be defined as a dysfunction of the brain network, and each type of epilepsy involves different brain-network changes that are implicated differently in the control and propagation of interictal or ictal discharges. Gaining more detailed information on brain network alterations can help us to further understand the mechanisms of epilepsy and pave the way for brain network-based precise therapeutic approaches in clinical practice. An increasing number of advanced neuroimaging techniques and electrophysiological techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging-based fiber tractography, diffusion kurtosis imaging-based fiber tractography, fiber ball imaging-based tractography, electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, magnetoencephalography, positron emission tomography, molecular imaging, and functional ultrasound imaging have been extensively used to delineate epileptic networks. In this review, we summarize the relevant neuroimaging and neuroelectrophysiological techniques for assessing structural and functional brain networks in patients with epilepsy, and extensively analyze the imaging mechanisms, advantages, limitations, and clinical application ranges of each technique. A greater focus on emerging advanced technologies, new data analysis software, a combination of multiple techniques, and the construction of personalized virtual epilepsy models can provide a theoretical basis to better understand the brain network mechanisms of epilepsy and make surgical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhonghua Lin
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of Geriatrics, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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da Costa KG, Fontes EB, Menta A, Kramer AF, Fielding RA, Verghese J, Kowaleski C, Ward N, Reid KF. Prefrontal Cortex Oxygenation During Exercise in Older Adults with Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2400231. [PMID: 39074260 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a pre-dementia syndrome characterized by subjective memory complaints and gait impairments that may be related to lower prefrontal cortex (PFC) function. Acute bouts of aerobic exercise are shown to improve PFC function, however, the acute effects of exercise on PFC oxygenation have not yet been examined in MCR. This study aims to characterize the PFC oxygenation responses during acute exercise in older adults with MCR. Nineteen older adults with MCR performed a submaximal cycling exercise protocol. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is used to measure concentrations of oxygenated (OxyHb) and deoxygenated (DeoxyHb) hemoglobin from the PFC. There is a trend for increased OxyHb concentrations and decreased DeooxyHb concentrations during exercise. Exercise also induced significant increases in ratings of perceived exertion (RPEs) and heart rate. A significant, positive correlation between PFC OxyHb and RPEs during the cycling exercise are also observed. The findings reveal that PFC oxygenation increases during exercise in an intensity-dependent manner and the subjective perception of exertion is associated with the magnitude of PFC oxygenation. These results suggest that moderate-intensity cycling exercise may have beneficial effects on increasing cerebral blood flow in the PFC of older adults with MCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kell Grandjean da Costa
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Colby-Sawyer College, New London, NH, 03257, USA
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Eduardo Bodnariuc Fontes
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Health Science, Stonehill College, Easton, MA, 02357, USA
| | - Alekya Menta
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Department of Psychology, Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Roger A Fielding
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Joe Verghese
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Christopher Kowaleski
- Health and Human Services Department, City of Somerville Council on Aging, Somerville, MA, 02144, USA
| | - Nathan Ward
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Kieran F Reid
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Physical Performance, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Xu M, Li B, Wang S, Chen C, Liu Z, Ji Y, Liu K, Niu Y. The brain in chronic insomnia and anxiety disorder: a combined structural and functional fMRI study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1364713. [PMID: 38895035 PMCID: PMC11184054 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1364713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic insomnia disorder (CID) is usually associated with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), which may change brain structure and function. However, the possible brain markers, imaging characteristics, and pathophysiology are unknown. Objective To look at the probable brain markers, imaging characteristics, and pathogenesis of CID in combination with GAD. Methods A total of 57 patients with CID concomitant GAD and 57 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and functional connectivity (FC) were utilized to measure gray matter volume (GMV) and functional changes. Correlation analysis was utilized to identify relationships between brain changes and clinical characteristics. Results Patients had decreased GMV in the left cerebellum, right cerebellar peduncle, and left insula; increased FC between the left cerebellum and right angular gyrus, as well as between the left insula and anterior left cingulate gyrus; and decreased FC in several areas, including the left cerebellum with the middle left cingulate gyrus and the left insula with the left superior postcentral gyrus. These brain changes related to CID and GAD. These data could be used to identify relevant brain markers, imaging features, and to better understand the etiology. Conclusion The intensity of insomnia in patients was strongly related to the severity of anxiety. The lower GMV in the cerebellum could be interpreted as an imaging characteristic of CID. Reduced GMV in the insula, as well as aberrant function in the cingulate gyrus and prefrontal lobe, may contribute to the pathophysiology of CID and GAD. Abnormal function in the postcentral gyrus and angular gyrus may be associated with patients' clinical complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghe Xu
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | | | | | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Yuqing Ji
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Radiology, The 960th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Yujun Niu
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Aquino G, Benz F, Dressle RJ, Gemignani A, Alfì G, Palagini L, Spiegelhalder K, Riemann D, Feige B. Towards the neurobiology of insomnia: A systematic review of neuroimaging studies. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 73:101878. [PMID: 38056381 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Insomnia disorder signifies a major public health concern. The development of neuroimaging techniques has permitted to investigate brain mechanisms at a structural and functional level. The present systematic review aims at shedding light on functional, structural, and metabolic substrates of insomnia disorder by integrating the available published neuroimaging data. The databases PubMed, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science were searched for case-control studies comparing neuroimaging data from insomnia patients and healthy controls. 85 articles were judged as eligible. For every observed finding of each study, the effect size was calculated from standardised mean differences, statistic parameters and figures, showing a marked heterogeneity that precluded a comprehensive quantitative analysis. From a qualitative point of view, considering the findings of significant group differences in the reported regions across the articles, this review highlights the major involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex, thalamus, insula, precuneus and middle frontal gyrus, thus supporting some central themes in the debate on the neurobiology of and offering interesting insights into the psychophysiology of sleep in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Aquino
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine - University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Fee Benz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Raphael J Dressle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine - University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaspare Alfì
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine - University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Palagini
- Department of Experimental and Clinic Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Kai Spiegelhalder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Riemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Feige
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Wu P, Wang C, Wei M, Li Y, Xue Y, Li X, Jiang J, Bi Y, Dai J, Jiang W. Prefrontal cortex functional connectivity changes during verbal fluency test in adults with short-term insomnia disorder: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1277690. [PMID: 38027476 PMCID: PMC10665481 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1277690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals suffering from short-term insomnia disorder (SID) experience difficulties in falling or staying asleep, often leading to daytime fatigue and impaired concentration. However, the underlying mechanisms of SID remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the alterations in brain activation patterns and functional connectivity in patients with SID. Methods The study enrolled a total of 31 adults diagnosed with SID and 31 healthy controls (HC). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was utilized to assess the concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) and functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortex of each participant while performing the verbal fluency test (VFT) task. Results In the VFT task, no significant difference was found between the SID group and the HC group in terms of integral values, centroid values, and mean Oxy-Hb variations. These findings suggest that both groups exhibit similar hemodynamic responses. However, the functional connectivity analysis revealed significant differences in inter-channel connectivity strength between the two groups. The SID group showed significantly lower average inter-channel connectivity strength compared to the HC group. Moreover, six channel pairs (right frontopolar cortex - left frontopolar cortex, left orbitofrontal cortex - left temporopolar cortex, left temporopolar cortex - left frontopolar cortex, left frontopolar cortex-Ch38, left frontopolar cortex - right pre-motor and supplementary motor cortex, and left frontopolar cortex - right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) exhibited significantly higher connectivity strength in the HC group compared to the SID group (FDR corrected, p < 0.05). Specifically, channel 27 exhibited the highest frequency of significant connectivity across different channel pairs, occurring five times in total. The channel pair Ch27-Ch39, representing left frontopolar cortex and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, exhibited a negative correlation with PSQI scores (r = -0.422, p = 0.018). Conclusion Our findings suggest that patients with SID may exhibit altered brain connectivity during the VFT task, as measured by fNIRS. These results provide valuable insights into the functional brain differences associated with SID. Further research is needed to validate and expand upon these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peirong Wu
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Chaowen Wang
- Cognitive Rehabilitation Center, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Mindong Wei
- Cognitive Rehabilitation Center, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yijiang Li
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Cognitive Rehabilitation Center, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jianfan Jiang
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yinuo Bi
- Cognitive Rehabilitation Center, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jian Dai
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Wenyu Jiang
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
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Zang S, Chen Y, Chen H, Shi H, Zhou L. Effects of acupuncture on the brain in primary insomnia: a coordinate-based meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1180393. [PMID: 37533466 PMCID: PMC10392941 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1180393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Primary insomnia (PI) has a high global incidence, and effective treatments with fewer side effects are needed. Acupuncture, a treatment used in traditional Chinese medicine, has become increasingly established as a treatment method for PI and is recognized by many physicians and patients. Some evidence has suggested that acupuncture was associated with improvements in objective sleep parameters and might induce changes in some brain regions. Individual studies with limited sample size and low detection thresholds may lead to false positives, and no systematic review of the effects of acupuncture has been conducted in PI. Objective The aim of this systematic review and coordinate-based meta-analysis was to summarize the literature on fMRI evaluation of patients with PI treated with acupuncture. Design We performed a methodical and comprehensive search of multiple publication databases (from inception to December 2022): Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, Wan Fang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Scientific Journal Database. Bias and quality of studies were evaluated by three researchers. Furthermore, a seed-based D-mapping meta-analysis with permutation of subject images (SDM-PSI) was applied to investigate the central mechanisms behind acupuncture treatment at PI. The International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews received the protocol for this study. (PROSPERO: CRD42023400086). Results The analysis included 305 patients with PI and 116 healthy controls from 11 studies. SDM-PSI analysis showed that patients with PI exhibited increased amplitudes of regional homogeneity and low-frequency fluctuations in the left superior frontal gyrus (1352 voxels, p = 0.0028), right angular gyrus (14 voxels, p = 0.0457), and cerebellum (12 voxels, p = 0.0446). Acupuncture improved the function of right superior frontal gyrus (1, 404 voxels, p = 0.0123), left inferior frontal gyrus (1068 voxels, p = 0.0088), left inferior temporal gyrus (903 voxels, p = 0.0074), left supramarginal gyrus (888 voxels, p = 0.0113), left precuneus (457 voxels, p = 0.0247), right precuneus (302 voxels, p = 0.0191), left supplementary motor area (82 voxels, p = 0.0354), and right parahippocampal gyrus (28 voxels, p = 0.0379). The brain regions affected by non-acupoint acupuncture were all located in the frontal lobe. The Cochrane risk-of bias tool and MINORS5 were used for quality assessment and the included articles had high performance bias and attrition bias. Conclusion This coordinate-based meta-analysis found that acupuncture in patients with PI had significant effects on the default mode network, particularly on the frontal lobe and precuneus, and that non-acupoint acupuncture may provide some benefit to frontal brain region function. Systematic review registration PROSPERO: CRD42023400086.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Zang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haonan Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huawei Shi
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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