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Sex differences in the association of postural control with indirect measures of body representations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4556. [PMID: 35296686 PMCID: PMC8927351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides anthropometric variables, high-order body representations have been hypothesised to influence postural control. However, this has not been directly tested before. Moreover, some studies indicate that sex moderates the relationship of anthropometry and postural control. Therefore, as a proof of concept we investigated the association of body representations with postural control as well as the influence of participants’ sex/gender. Body image measures were assessed with a figural drawing task. Body schema was tested by a covert and an overt task. Body sway was measured during normal bipedal quiet standing with eyes closed (with/without neck extended). Statistical analysis consisted of hierarchical multiple linear regressions with the following regression steps: (1) sensory condition, (2) sex/gender, (3) age, (4) anthropometry, (5) body schema, (6) body image, (7) sex/gender-interactions. Across 36 subjects (19 females), body schema was significantly associated with body sway variability and open-loop control, in addition to commonly known influencing factors, such as sensory condition, gender, age and anthropometry. While in females, also body image dissatisfaction substantially was associated with postural control, this was not the case in males. Sex differences and possible causes why high-order body representations may influence concurrent sensorimotor control of body sway are discussed.
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Hesling I, Labache L, Joliot M, Tzourio-Mazoyer N. Large-scale plurimodal networks common to listening to, producing and reading word lists: an fMRI study combining task-induced activation and intrinsic connectivity in 144 right-handers. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:3075-3094. [PMID: 31494717 PMCID: PMC6875148 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01951-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We aimed at identifying plurimodal large-scale networks for producing, listening to and reading word lists based on the combined analyses of task-induced activation and resting-state intrinsic connectivity in 144 healthy right-handers. In the first step, we identified the regions in each hemisphere showing joint activation and joint asymmetry during the three tasks. In the left hemisphere, 14 homotopic regions of interest (hROIs) located in the left Rolandic sulcus, precentral gyrus, cingulate gyrus, cuneus and inferior supramarginal gyrus (SMG) met this criterion, and 7 hROIs located in the right hemisphere were located in the preSMA, medial superior frontal gyrus, precuneus and superior temporal sulcus (STS). In a second step, we calculated the BOLD temporal correlations across these 21 hROIs at rest and conducted a hierarchical clustering analysis to unravel their network organization. Two networks were identified, including the WORD-LIST_CORE network that aggregated 14 motor, premotor and phonemic areas in the left hemisphere plus the right STS that corresponded to the posterior human voice area (pHVA). The present results revealed that word-list processing is based on left articulatory and storage areas supporting the action-perception cycle common not only to production and listening but also to reading. The inclusion of the right pHVA acting as a prosodic integrative area highlights the importance of prosody in the three modalities and reveals an intertwining across hemispheres between prosodic (pHVA) and phonemic (left SMG) processing. These results are consistent with the motor theory of speech postulating that articulatory gestures are the central motor units on which word perception, production, and reading develop and act together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Hesling
- University of Bordeaux, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France. .,CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France. .,CEA, GIN, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France. .,IMN Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293, Team 5: GIN Groupe d'imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, CEA-CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine-3ème étage, 146 rue Léo-Saignat-CS 61292-Case 28, 33076, Bordeaux CEDEX, France.
| | - L Labache
- University of Bordeaux, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CEA, GIN, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, IMB, UMR 5251, 33405, Talence, France.,INRIA Bordeaux Sud-Ouest, CQFD, INRIA, UMR 5251, 33405, Talence, France
| | - M Joliot
- University of Bordeaux, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CEA, GIN, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - N Tzourio-Mazoyer
- University of Bordeaux, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CEA, GIN, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France
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Saetta G, Brugger P, Schrohe H, Lenggenhager B. Putting Yourself in the Skin of In- or Out-Group Members: No Effect of Implicit Biases on Egocentric Mental Transformation. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1338. [PMID: 31297073 PMCID: PMC6606962 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that visual encoding of ethnicity of in-group/out-group members might influence empathy and sensorimotor sharing. Here, we investigated whether mental perspective taking, presumably a precursor of empathy, is also influenced by in-group/out-group perception and the implicit attitudes toward it. We used an embodied egocentric visual-perspective taking task, the full body rotation task (FBR), in which participants were asked to mentally rotate themselves into the position of dark- or light-skinned bodies. FBR was contrasted to a pure sensorimotor task, the hand laterality task (HLT), in which participants were asked to mentally rotate their hand to the posture of seen light- or dark-skinned hands, which does not require mental simulation of another person's perspective. We expected the FBR but not the HLT to be influenced by the skin color of the stimuli and by the individual implicit biases toward out-group members. Contrary to this hypothesis, we found that neither skin color nor implicit biases modulated reaction times (RTs) in either task. The data thus suggest that unlike other empathy tasks, skin color does not influence visuospatial perspective taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Saetta
- Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Brugger
- Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuropsychology Unit, Valens Rehabilitation Centre, Valens, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Schrohe
- Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bigna Lenggenhager
- Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Constant M, Mellet E. The Impact of Handedness, Sex, and Cognitive Abilities on Left-Right Discrimination: A Behavioral Study. Front Psychol 2018; 9:405. [PMID: 29636718 PMCID: PMC5881360 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the relationship between left–right discrimination (LRD) performance and handedness, sex and cognitive abilities. In total, 31 men and 35 women – with a balanced ratio of left-and right-handers – completed the Bergen Left–Right Discrimination Test. We found an advantage of left-handers in both identifying left hands and in verifying “left” propositions. A sex effect was also found, as women had an overall higher error rate than men, and increasing difficulty impacted their reaction time more than it did for men. Moreover, sex interacted with handedness and manual preference strength. A negative correlation of LRD reaction time with visuo-spatial and verbal long-term memory was found independently of sex, providing new insights into the relationship between cognitive skills and performance on LRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Constant
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN), UMR 5293, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN), UMR 5293, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,CEA, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN), UMR 5293, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN), UMR 5293, Team 5: GIN Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuel Mellet
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN), UMR 5293, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN), UMR 5293, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,CEA, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN), UMR 5293, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN), UMR 5293, Team 5: GIN Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
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