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Noller K, Cahan P. Cell cycle expression heterogeneity predicts degree of differentiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.19.604184. [PMID: 39091773 PMCID: PMC11291076 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.19.604184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Methods that predict fate potential or degree of differentiation from transcriptomic data have identified rare progenitor populations and uncovered developmental regulatory mechanisms. However, some state-of-the-art methods are too computationally burdensome for emerging large-scale data and all methods make inaccurate predictions in certain biological systems. We developed a method in R (stemFinder) that predicts single cell differentiation time based on heterogeneity in cell cycle gene expression. Our method is computationally tractable and is as good as or superior to competitors. As part of our benchmarking, we implemented four different performance metrics to assist potential users in selecting the tool that is most apt for their application. Finally, we explore the relationship between differentiation time and cell fate potential by analyzing a lineage tracing dataset with clonally labelled hematopoietic cells, revealing that metrics of differentiation time are correlated with the number of downstream lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Noller
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD USA
| | - Patrick Cahan
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD USA
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2
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Colón Ortiz C, Eroglu C. Astrocyte signaling and interactions in Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102307. [PMID: 38145604 PMCID: PMC10922437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a common cause of impairment in working-aged adults. MS is characterized by neuroinflammation and infiltration of peripheral immune cells to the brain, which cause myelin loss and death of oligodendrocytes and neurons. Many studies on MS have focused on the peripheral immune sources of demyelination and repair. However, recent studies revealed that a glial cell type, the astrocytes, undergo robust morphological and transcriptomic changes that contribute significantly to demyelination and myelin repair. Here, we discuss recent findings elucidating signaling modalities that astrocytes acquire or lose in MS and how these changes alter the interactions of astrocytes with other nervous system cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Colón Ortiz
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Cagla Eroglu
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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3
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Hattori T, Cherepanov SM, Sakaga R, Roboon J, Nguyen DT, Ishii H, Takarada‐Iemata M, Nishiuchi T, Kannon T, Hosomichi K, Tajima A, Yamamoto Y, Okamoto H, Sugawara A, Higashida H, Hori O. Postnatal expression of CD38 in astrocytes regulates synapse formation and adult social memory. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111247. [PMID: 37357972 PMCID: PMC10390870 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Social behavior is essential for health, survival, and reproduction of animals; however, the role of astrocytes in social behavior remains largely unknown. The transmembrane protein CD38, which acts both as a receptor and ADP-ribosyl cyclase to produce cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) regulates social behaviors by promoting oxytocin release from hypothalamic neurons. CD38 is also abundantly expressed in astrocytes in the postnatal brain and is important for astroglial development. Here, we demonstrate that the astroglial-expressed CD38 plays an important role in social behavior during development. Selective deletion of CD38 in postnatal astrocytes, but not in adult astrocytes, impairs social memory without any other behavioral abnormalities. Morphological analysis shows that depletion of astroglial CD38 in the postnatal brain interferes with synapse formation in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus. Moreover, astroglial CD38 expression promotes synaptogenesis of excitatory neurons by increasing the level of extracellular SPARCL1 (also known as Hevin), a synaptogenic protein. The release of SPARCL1 from astrocytes is regulated by CD38/cADPR/calcium signaling. These data demonstrate a novel developmental role of astrocytes in neural circuit formation and regulation of social behavior in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hattori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | | | - Ryo Sakaga
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Jureepon Roboon
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Dinh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Ishii
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Mika Takarada‐Iemata
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Takumi Nishiuchi
- Division of Functional Genomics, Advanced Science Research CenterKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Takayuki Kannon
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hosomichi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
- Department of BiochemistryTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Akira Sugawara
- Department of Molecular EndocrinologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Research Center for Child Mental DevelopmentKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Osamu Hori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
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4
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Dwivedi I, Caldwell AB, Zhou D, Wu W, Subramaniam S, Haddad GG. Methadone alters transcriptional programs associated with synapse formation in human cortical organoids. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:151. [PMID: 37147277 PMCID: PMC10163238 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) among pregnant women has become an epidemic in the United States. Pharmacological interventions for maternal OUD most commonly involve methadone, a synthetic opioid analgesic that attenuates withdrawal symptoms and behaviors linked with drug addiction. However, evidence of methadone's ability to readily accumulate in neural tissue, and cause long-term neurocognitive sequelae, has led to concerns regarding its effect on prenatal brain development. We utilized human cortical organoid (hCO) technology to probe how this drug impacts the earliest mechanisms of cortico-genesis. Bulk mRNA sequencing of 2-month-old hCOs chronically treated with a clinically relevant dose of 1 μM methadone for 50 days revealed a robust transcriptional response to methadone associated with functional components of the synapse, the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM), and cilia. Co-expression network and predictive protein-protein interaction analyses demonstrated that these changes occurred in concert, centered around a regulatory axis of growth factors, developmental signaling pathways, and matricellular proteins (MCPs). TGFβ1 was identified as an upstream regulator of this network and appeared as part of a highly interconnected cluster of MCPs, of which thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) was most prominently downregulated and exhibited dose-dependent reductions in protein levels. These results demonstrate that methadone exposure during early cortical development alters transcriptional programs associated with synaptogenesis, and that these changes arise by functionally modulating extra-synaptic molecular mechanisms in the ECM and cilia. Our findings provide novel insight into the molecular underpinnings of methadone's putative effect on cognitive and behavioral development and a basis for improving interventions for maternal opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ila Dwivedi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew B Caldwell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel G Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.
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5
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Espírito-Santo S, Coutinho V, Alcantara Gomes F. Synaptic pathology in multiple sclerosis: a role for Nogo-A signaling in astrocytes? Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:127-128. [PMID: 35799527 PMCID: PMC9241403 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.340407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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6
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Stewart VD, Cadieux J, Thulasiram MR, Douglas TC, Drewnik DA, Selamat S, Lao Y, Spicer V, Hannila SS. Myelin‐associated glycoprotein alters the neuronal secretome and stimulates the release of
TGFβ
and proteins that affect neural plasticity. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2952-2973. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa D. Stewart
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba Room 130, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue R3E 0J9 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Justine Cadieux
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba Room 130, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue R3E 0J9 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Matsya R. Thulasiram
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba Room 130, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue R3E 0J9 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Tinsley Claire Douglas
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba Room 130, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue R3E 0J9 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Dennis A. Drewnik
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba Room 130, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue R3E 0J9 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Suhaila Selamat
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba Room 130, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue R3E 0J9 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Ying Lao
- Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology University of Manitoba Room 799, John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Avenue R3E 3P4 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Victor Spicer
- Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology University of Manitoba Room 799, John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Avenue R3E 3P4 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Sari S. Hannila
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba Room 130, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue R3E 0J9 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
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7
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Cavalcanti F, Gonzalez-Rey E, Delgado M, Falo CP, Mestre L, Guaza C, O’Valle F, Lufino MMP, Xaus J, Mascaró C, Lunardi S, Sacilotto N, Dessanti P, Rotllant D, Navarro X, Herrando-Grabulosa M, Buesa C, Maes T. Efficacy of Vafidemstat in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Highlights the KDM1A/RCOR1/HDAC Epigenetic Axis in Multiple Sclerosis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071420. [PMID: 35890315 PMCID: PMC9323733 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1; also known as KDM1A), is an epigenetic modulator that modifies the histone methylation status. KDM1A forms a part of protein complexes that regulate the expression of genes involved in the onset and progression of diseases such as cancer, central nervous system (CNS) disorders, viral infections, and others. Vafidemstat (ORY-2001) is a clinical stage inhibitor of KDM1A in development for the treatment of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. However, the role of ORY-2001 targeting KDM1A in neuroinflammation remains to be explored. Here, we investigated the effect of ORY-2001 on immune-mediated and virus-induced encephalomyelitis, two experimental models of multiple sclerosis and neuronal damage. Oral administration of ORY-2001 ameliorated clinical signs, reduced lymphocyte egress and infiltration of immune cells into the spinal cord, and prevented demyelination. Interestingly, ORY-2001 was more effective and/or faster acting than a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor antagonist in the effector phase of the disease and reduced the inflammatory gene expression signature characteristic ofEAE in the CNS of mice more potently. In addition, ORY-2001 induced gene expression changes concordant with a potential neuroprotective function in the brain and spinal cord and reduced neuronal glutamate excitotoxicity-derived damage in explants. These results pointed to ORY-2001 as a promising CNS epigenetic drug able to target neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases and provided preclinical support for the subsequent design of early-stage clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cavalcanti
- Oryzon Genomics S.A., Carrer Sant Ferran 74, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain; (F.C.); (M.M.P.L.); (J.X.); (C.M.); (N.S.); (P.D.); (D.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Rey
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, PTS-Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.G.-R.); (M.D.)
| | - Mario Delgado
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, PTS-Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.G.-R.); (M.D.)
| | - Clara P. Falo
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, PTS-Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.G.-R.); (M.D.)
| | - Leyre Mestre
- Department of Functional and Systems Neurobiology, Cajal Institute (CSIC), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Carmen Guaza
- Department of Functional and Systems Neurobiology, Cajal Institute (CSIC), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Francisco O’Valle
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, IBIMER and IBS-Granada, Granada University, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Michele M. P. Lufino
- Oryzon Genomics S.A., Carrer Sant Ferran 74, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain; (F.C.); (M.M.P.L.); (J.X.); (C.M.); (N.S.); (P.D.); (D.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Jordi Xaus
- Oryzon Genomics S.A., Carrer Sant Ferran 74, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain; (F.C.); (M.M.P.L.); (J.X.); (C.M.); (N.S.); (P.D.); (D.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Cristina Mascaró
- Oryzon Genomics S.A., Carrer Sant Ferran 74, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain; (F.C.); (M.M.P.L.); (J.X.); (C.M.); (N.S.); (P.D.); (D.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Serena Lunardi
- Oryzon Genomics S.A., Carrer Sant Ferran 74, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain; (F.C.); (M.M.P.L.); (J.X.); (C.M.); (N.S.); (P.D.); (D.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Natalia Sacilotto
- Oryzon Genomics S.A., Carrer Sant Ferran 74, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain; (F.C.); (M.M.P.L.); (J.X.); (C.M.); (N.S.); (P.D.); (D.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Paola Dessanti
- Oryzon Genomics S.A., Carrer Sant Ferran 74, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain; (F.C.); (M.M.P.L.); (J.X.); (C.M.); (N.S.); (P.D.); (D.R.); (C.B.)
| | - David Rotllant
- Oryzon Genomics S.A., Carrer Sant Ferran 74, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain; (F.C.); (M.M.P.L.); (J.X.); (C.M.); (N.S.); (P.D.); (D.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (X.N.); (M.H.-G.)
| | - Mireia Herrando-Grabulosa
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (X.N.); (M.H.-G.)
| | - Carlos Buesa
- Oryzon Genomics S.A., Carrer Sant Ferran 74, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain; (F.C.); (M.M.P.L.); (J.X.); (C.M.); (N.S.); (P.D.); (D.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Tamara Maes
- Oryzon Genomics S.A., Carrer Sant Ferran 74, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain; (F.C.); (M.M.P.L.); (J.X.); (C.M.); (N.S.); (P.D.); (D.R.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Zveik O, Fainstein N, Rechtman A, Haham N, Ganz T, Lavon I, Brill L, Vaknin‐Dembinsky A. Cerebrospinal fluid of progressive multiple sclerosis patients reduces differentiation and immune functions of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Glia 2022; 70:1191-1209. [PMID: 35266197 PMCID: PMC9314832 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are responsible for remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) in health and disease. For patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), remyelination is not always successful, and the mechanisms differentiating successful from failed remyelination are not well-known. Growing evidence suggests an immune role for OPCs, in addition to their regenerative role; however, it is not clear if this helps or hinders the regenerative process. We studied the effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from relapsing MS (rMS) and progressive MS (pMS) patients on primary OPC differentiation and immune gene expression and function. We observed that CSF from either rMS or pMS patients has a differential effect on the ability of mice OPCs to differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes and to express immune functions. CSF of pMS patients impaired differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes. In addition, it led to decreased major histocompatibility complex class (MHC)-II expression, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretion, nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) activation, and less activation and proliferation of T cells. Our findings suggest that OPCs are not only responsible for remyelination, but they may also play an active role as innate immune cells in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omri Zveik
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroimmunologyThe Agnes‐Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah – Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Nina Fainstein
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroimmunologyThe Agnes‐Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah – Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Ariel Rechtman
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroimmunologyThe Agnes‐Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah – Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Nitzan Haham
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroimmunologyThe Agnes‐Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah – Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Tal Ganz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroimmunologyThe Agnes‐Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah – Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Iris Lavon
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroimmunologyThe Agnes‐Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah – Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
- Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro‐OncologyHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Livnat Brill
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroimmunologyThe Agnes‐Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah – Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Adi Vaknin‐Dembinsky
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroimmunologyThe Agnes‐Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah – Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
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9
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Rochat C, Bernard-Marissal N, Källstig E, Pradervand S, Perrin FE, Aebischer P, Raoul C, Schneider BL. Astrocyte-targeting RNA interference against mutated superoxide dismutase 1 induces motoneuron plasticity and protects fast-fatigable motor units in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Glia 2022; 70:842-857. [PMID: 34978340 PMCID: PMC9303637 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) caused by SOD1 gene mutations, both cell‐autonomous and noncell‐autonomous mechanisms lead to the selective degeneration of motoneurons (MN). Here, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of gene therapy targeting mutated SOD1 in mature astrocytes using mice expressing the mutated SOD1G93A protein. An AAV‐gfaABC1D vector encoding an artificial microRNA is used to deliver RNA interference against mutated SOD1 selectively in astrocytes. The treatment leads to the progressive rescue of neuromuscular junction occupancy, to the recovery of the compound muscle action potential in the gastrocnemius muscle, and significantly improves neuromuscular function. In the spinal cord, gene therapy targeting astrocytes protects a small pool of the most vulnerable fast‐fatigable MN until disease end stage. In the gastrocnemius muscle of the treated SOD1G93A mice, the fast‐twitch type IIB muscle fibers are preserved from atrophy. Axon collateral sprouting is observed together with muscle fiber type grouping indicative of denervation/reinnervation events. The transcriptome profiling of spinal cord MN shows changes in the expression levels of factors regulating the dynamics of microtubules. Gene therapy delivering RNA interference against mutated SOD1 in astrocytes protects fast‐fatigable motor units and thereby improves neuromuscular function in ALS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cylia Rochat
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Brain Mind Institute, Lausanne
| | - Nathalie Bernard-Marissal
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Brain Mind Institute, Lausanne.,INSERM, MMG, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Emma Källstig
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Brain Mind Institute, Lausanne.,Bertarelli Platform for Gene Therapy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva
| | - Sylvain Pradervand
- Genomic Technologies Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrick Aebischer
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Brain Mind Institute, Lausanne
| | - Cédric Raoul
- INM, Université Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard L Schneider
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Brain Mind Institute, Lausanne.,Bertarelli Platform for Gene Therapy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva
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10
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Chen S, Zou Q, Guo Q, Chen Y, Kuang X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wu W, Li G, Tu L, Tong J, Li S, Ma L, Li Q. SPARC Knockdown Reduces Glutamate-Induced HT22 Hippocampal Nerve Cell Damage by Regulating Autophagy. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:581441. [PMID: 33584170 PMCID: PMC7874057 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.581441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular protein involved in the extracellular matrix and interactions between cells during neural development of the central nervous system (CNS). Oxidative glutamate toxicity is involved in CNS diseases, including epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and ischemic stroke. However, the molecular mechanism of nerve injury is not fully understood in CNS diseases. Herein, the glutamate-induced nerve damage model was used to explore the molecular mechanisms affecting nerve damage. The levels of SPARC and autophagy were increased in glutamate-induced HT22 hippocampal nerve injury. In summary, the current study confirmed that SPARC regulates autophagy in HT22 hippocampal nerve cells, and its knockdown reduces the glutamate-induced HT22 hippocampal nerve injury by inhibiting autophagy. These findings suggested that SPARC plays a crucial role in nerve injury of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qin Zou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Epilepsy Center, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongmin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xi Kuang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Hainan Health Vocational College, Haikou, China
| | - Yukang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wengang Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Linzhi Tu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jingyi Tong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Songrong Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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11
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Espírito-Santo S, Coutinho VG, Dezonne RS, Stipursky J, Dos Santos-Rodrigues A, Batista C, Paes-de-Carvalho R, Fuss B, Gomes FCA. Astrocytes as a target for Nogo-A and implications for synapse formation in vitro and in a model of acute demyelination. Glia 2021; 69:1429-1443. [PMID: 33497496 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) function depends on precise synaptogenesis, which is shaped by environmental cues and cellular interactions. Astrocytes are outstanding regulators of synapse development and plasticity through contact-dependent signals and through the release of pro- and antisynaptogenic factors. Conversely, myelin and its associated proteins, including Nogo-A, affect synapses in a inhibitory fashion and contribute to neural circuitry stabilization. However, the roles of Nogo-A-astrocyte interactions and their implications in synapse development and plasticity have not been characterized. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether Nogo-A affects the capacity of astrocytes to induce synaptogenesis. Additionally, we assessed whether downregulation of Nogo-A signaling in an in vivo demyelination model impacts the synaptogenic potential of astrocytes. Our in vitro data show that cortical astrocytes respond to Nogo-A through RhoA pathway activation, exhibiting stress fiber formation and decreased ramified morphology. This phenotype was associated with reduced levels of GLAST protein and aspartate uptake, decreased mRNA levels of the synaptogenesis-associated genes Hevin, glypican-4, TGF-β1 and BDNF, and decreased and increased protein levels of Hevin and SPARC, respectively. Corroborating these findings, conditioned medium from Nogo-A-treated astrocytes suppressed the formation of structurally and functionally mature synapses in cortical neuronal cultures. After cuprizone-induced acute demyelination, we observed reduced immunostaining for Nogo-A in the visual cortex accompanied by higher levels of Hevin expression in astrocytes and an increase in excitatory synapse density. Hence, we suggest that interactions between Nogo-A and astrocytes might represent an important pathway of plasticity regulation and could be a target for therapeutic intervention in demyelinating diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Espírito-Santo
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vinícius G Coutinho
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rômulo S Dezonne
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joice Stipursky
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Batista
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto Paes-de-Carvalho
- Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Neurociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Babette Fuss
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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12
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das Neves SP, Sousa JC, Sousa N, Cerqueira JJ, Marques F. Altered astrocytic function in experimental neuroinflammation and multiple sclerosis. Glia 2020; 69:1341-1368. [PMID: 33247866 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects about 2.5 million people worldwide. In MS, the patients' immune system starts to attack the myelin sheath, leading to demyelination, neurodegeneration, and, ultimately, loss of vital neurological functions such as walking. There is currently no cure for MS and the available treatments only slow the initial phases of the disease. The later-disease mechanisms are poorly understood and do not directly correlate with the activity of immune system cells, the main target of the available treatments. Instead, evidence suggests that disease progression and disability are better correlated with the maintenance of a persistent low-grade inflammation inside the CNS, driven by local glial cells, like astrocytes and microglia. Depending on the context, astrocytes can (a) exacerbate inflammation or (b) promote immunosuppression and tissue repair. In this review, we will address the present knowledge that exists regarding the role of astrocytes in MS and experimental animal models of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Pereira das Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center, Braga, Portugal
| | - João José Cerqueira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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13
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Chen S, Zou Q, Chen Y, Kuang X, Wu W, Guo M, Cai Y, Li Q. Regulation of SPARC family proteins in disorders of the central nervous system. Brain Res Bull 2020; 163:178-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Cardozo PL, de Lima IBQ, Maciel EMA, Silva NC, Dobransky T, Ribeiro FM. Synaptic Elimination in Neurological Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 17:1071-1095. [PMID: 31161981 PMCID: PMC7052824 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190603170511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses are well known as the main structures responsible for transmitting information through the release and recognition of neurotransmitters by pre- and post-synaptic neurons. These structures are widely formed and eliminated throughout the whole lifespan via processes termed synaptogenesis and synaptic pruning, respectively. Whilst the first pro-cess is needed for ensuring proper connectivity between brain regions and also with the periphery, the second phenomenon is important for their refinement by eliminating weaker and unnecessary synapses and, at the same time, maintaining and fa-voring the stronger ones, thus ensuring proper synaptic transmission. It is well-known that synaptic elimination is modulated by neuronal activity. However, only recently the role of the classical complement cascade in promoting this phenomenon has been demonstrated. Specifically, microglial cells recognize activated complement component 3 (C3) bound to synapses tar-geted for elimination, triggering their engulfment. As this is a highly relevant process for adequate neuronal functioning, dis-ruptions or exacerbations in synaptic pruning could lead to severe circuitry alterations that could underlie neuropathological alterations typical of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we focus on discussing the possible in-volvement of excessive synaptic elimination in Alzheimer’s disease, as it has already been reported dendritic spine loss in post-synaptic neurons, increased association of complement proteins with its synapses and, hence, augmented microglia-mediated pruning in animal models of this disorder. In addition, we briefly discuss how this phenomenon could be related to other neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo L Cardozo
- Laboratório de Neurobioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Izabella B Q de Lima
- Laboratório de Neurobioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Esther M A Maciel
- Laboratório de Neurobioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nathália C Silva
- Laboratório de Neurobioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Fabíola M Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Neurobioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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15
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Morrey JD, Oliveira ALR, Wang H, Zukor K, de Castro MV, Siddharthan V. Zika virus infection causes temporary paralysis in adult mice with motor neuron synaptic retraction and evidence for proximal peripheral neuropathy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19531. [PMID: 31862897 PMCID: PMC6925114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence is mounting that Zika virus can contribute to Guillain-Barré syndrome which causes temporary paralysis, yet the mechanism is unknown. We investigated the mechanism of temporary acute flaccid paralysis caused by Zika virus infection in aged interferon αβ-receptor knockout mice used for their susceptibility to infection. Twenty-five to thirty-five percent of mice infected subcutaneously with Zika virus developed motor deficits including acute flaccid paralysis that peaked 8-10 days after viral challenge. These mice recovered within a week. Despite Zika virus infection in the spinal cord, motor neurons were not destroyed. We examined ultrastructures of motor neurons and synapses by transmission electron microscopy. The percent coverage of motor neurons by boutons was reduced by 20%; more specifically, flattened-vesicle boutons were reduced by 46%, and were normalized in recovering mice. Using electromyographic procedures employed in people to help diagnose Guillain-Barré syndrome, we determined that nerve conduction velocities between the sciatic notch and the gastrocnemius muscle were unchanged in paralyzed mice. However, F-wave latencies were increased in paralyzed mice, which suggests that neuropathy may exist between the sciatic notch to the nerve rootlets. Reversible synaptic retraction may be a previously unrecognized cofactor along with peripheral neuropathy for the development of Guillain-Barré syndrome during Zika virus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Morrey
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322-5600, United States of America.
| | | | - Hong Wang
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322-5600, United States of America
| | - Katherine Zukor
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322-5600, United States of America
| | | | - Venkatraman Siddharthan
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322-5600, United States of America
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16
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Nahar K, Lebouvier T, Andaloussi Mäe M, Konzer A, Bergquist J, Zarb Y, Johansson B, Betsholtz C, Vanlandewijck M. Astrocyte-microglial association and matrix composition are common events in the natural history of primary familial brain calcification. Brain Pathol 2019; 30:446-464. [PMID: 31561281 PMCID: PMC7317599 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is an age-dependent and rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by microvascular calcium phosphate deposits in the deep brain regions. Known genetic causes of PFBC include loss-of-function mutations in genes involved in either of three processes-platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling, phosphate homeostasis or protein glycosylation-with unclear molecular links. To provide insight into the pathogenesis of PFBC, we analyzed murine models of PFBC for the first two of these processes in Pdgfbret/ret and Slc20a2-/- mice with regard to the structure, molecular composition, development and distribution of perivascular calcified nodules. Analyses by transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence revealed that calcified nodules in both of these models have a multilayered ultrastructure and occur in direct contact with reactive astrocytes and microglia. However, whereas nodules in Pdgfbret/ret mice were large, solitary and smooth surfaced, the nodules in Slc20a2-/- mice were multi-lobulated and occurred in clusters. The regional distribution of nodules also differed between the two models. Proteomic analysis and immunofluorescence stainings revealed a common molecular composition of the nodules in the two models, involving proteins implicated in bone homeostasis, but also proteins not previously linked to tissue mineralization. While the brain vasculature of Pdgfbret/ret mice has been reported to display reduced pericyte coverage and abnormal permeability, we found that Slc20a2-/- mice have a normal pericyte coverage and no overtly increased permeability. Thus, lack of pericytes and increase in permeability of the blood-brain barrier are likely not the causal triggers for PFBC pathogenesis. Instead, gene expression and spatial correlations suggest that astrocytes are intimately linked to the calcification process in PFBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khayrun Nahar
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thibaud Lebouvier
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, CHRU Lille, Lille, France.,Inserm U1171, Lille, France
| | - Maarja Andaloussi Mäe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne Konzer
- Scientific Service Group Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yvette Zarb
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bengt Johansson
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC), Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michael Vanlandewijck
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC), Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
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17
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Yang XL, Wang X, Shao L, Jiang GT, Min JW, Mei XY, He XH, Liu WH, Huang WX, Peng BW. TRPV1 mediates astrocyte activation and interleukin-1β release induced by hypoxic ischemia (HI). J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:114. [PMID: 31142341 PMCID: PMC6540554 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a serious birth complication with high incidence in both advanced and developing countries. Children surviving from HIE often have severe long-term sequela including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and cognitive disabilities. The severity of HIE in infants is tightly associated with increased IL-1β expression and astrocyte activation which was regulated by transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a non-selective cation channel in the TRP family. METHODS Neonatal hypoxic ischemia (HI) and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) were used to simulate HIE in vivo and in vitro. Primarily cultured astrocytes were used for investigating the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), IL-1β, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and activation of the nucleotide-binding, oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome by using Western blot, q-PCR, and immunofluorescence. Brain atrophy, infarct size, and neurobehavioral disorders were evaluated by Nissl staining, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride monohydrate (TTC) staining and neurobehavioral tests (geotaxis reflex, cliff aversion reaction, and grip test) individually. RESULTS Astrocytes were overactivated after neonatal HI and OGD challenge. The number of activated astrocytes, the expression level of IL-1β, brain atrophy, and shrinking infarct size were all downregulated in TRPV1 KO mice. TRPV1 deficiency in astrocytes attenuated the expression of GFAP and IL-1β by reducing phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3. Meanwhile, IL-1β release was significantly reduced in TRPV1 deficiency astrocytes by inhibiting activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Additionally, neonatal HI-induced neurobehavioral disorders were significantly improved in the TRPV1 KO mice. CONCLUSIONS TRPV1 promotes activation of astrocytes and release of astrocyte-derived IL-1β mainly via JAK2-STAT3 signaling and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into TRPV1-mediated brain damage and neurobehavioral disorders caused by neonatal HI and potentially identify astrocytic TRPV1 as a novel therapeutic target for treating HIE in the subacute stages (24 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Liang Yang
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd185#, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd185#, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Shao
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd185#, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Guang-Tong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd185#, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jia-Wei Min
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd185#, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Xi-Yu Mei
- No.1 Middle School affiliated to Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Hua He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan-Hong Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Xian Huang
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd185#, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China. .,Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Rd238#, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Bi-Wen Peng
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd185#, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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18
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Cartography of hevin-expressing cells in the adult brain reveals prominent expression in astrocytes and parvalbumin neurons. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:1219-1244. [PMID: 30656447 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01831-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hevin, also known as SPARC-like 1, is a member of the secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine family of matricellular proteins, which has been implicated in neuronal migration and synaptogenesis during development. Unlike previously characterized matricellular proteins, hevin remains strongly expressed in the adult brain in both astrocytes and neurons, but its precise pattern of expression is unknown. The present study provides the first systematic description of hevin mRNA distribution in the adult mouse brain. Using isotopic in situ hybridization, we showed that hevin is strongly expressed in the cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia complex, diverse thalamic nuclei and brainstem motor nuclei. To identify the cellular phenotype of hevin-expressing cells, we used double fluorescent in situ hybridization in mouse and human adult brains. In the mouse, hevin mRNA was found in the majority of astrocytes but also in specific neuronal populations. Hevin was expressed in almost all parvalbumin-positive projection neurons and local interneurons. In addition, hevin mRNA was found in: (1) subsets of other inhibitory GABAergic neuronal subtypes, including calbindin, cholecystokinin, neuropeptide Y, and somatostatin-positive neurons; (2) subsets of glutamatergic neurons, identified by the expression of the vesicular glutamate transporters VGLUT1 and VGLUT2; and (3) the majority of cholinergic neurons from motor nuclei. Hevin mRNA was absent from all monoaminergic neurons and cholinergic neurons of the ascending pathway. A similar cellular profile of expression was observed in human, with expression of hevin in parvalbumin interneurons and astrocytes in the cortex and caudate nucleus as well as in cortical glutamatergic neurons. Furthermore, hevin transcript was enriched in ribosomes of astrocytes and parvalbumin neurons providing a direct evidence of hevin mRNAs translation in these cell types. This study reveals the unique and complex expression profile of the matricellular protein hevin in the adult brain. This distribution is compatible with a role of hevin in astrocytic-mediated adult synaptic plasticity and in the regulation of network activity mediated by parvalbumin-expressing neurons.
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19
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Sompol P, Norris CM. Ca 2+, Astrocyte Activation and Calcineurin/NFAT Signaling in Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:199. [PMID: 30038565 PMCID: PMC6046440 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence supports a fundamental role for Ca2+ dysregulation in astrocyte activation. Though the activated astrocyte phenotype is complex, cell-type targeting approaches have revealed a number of detrimental roles of activated astrocytes involving neuroinflammation, release of synaptotoxic factors and loss of glutamate regulation. Work from our lab and others has suggested that the Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin (CN), provides a critical link between Ca2+ dysregulation and the activated astrocyte phenotype. A proteolyzed, hyperactivated form of CN appears at high levels in activated astrocytes in both human tissue and rodent tissue around regions of amyloid and vascular pathology. Similar upregulation of the CN-dependent transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT4) also appears in activated astrocytes in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (ADs) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Major consequences of hyperactivated CN/NFAT4 signaling in astrocytes are neuroinflammation, synapse dysfunction and glutamate dysregulation/excitotoxicity, which will be covered in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradoldej Sompol
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Christopher M Norris
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
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20
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Zika virus-induced acute myelitis and motor deficits in adult interferon αβ/γ receptor knockout mice. J Neurovirol 2018; 24:273-290. [PMID: 29476408 PMCID: PMC5992253 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-017-0595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has received widespread attention because of its effect on the developing fetus. It is becoming apparent, however, that severe neurological sequelae, such as Guillian-Barrë syndrome (GBS), myelitis, encephalitis, and seizures can occur after infection of adults. This study demonstrates that a contemporary strain of ZIKV can widely infect astrocytes and neurons in the brain and spinal cord of adult, interferon α/β receptor knockout mice (AG129 strain) and cause progressive hindlimb paralysis, as well as severe seizure-like activity during the acute phase of disease. The severity of hindlimb motor deficits correlated with increased numbers of ZIKV-infected lumbosacral spinal motor neurons and decreased numbers of spinal motor neurons. Electrophysiological compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes in response to stimulation of the lumbosacral spinal cord were reduced when obvious motor deficits were present. ZIKV immunoreactivity was high, intense, and obvious in tissue sections of the brain and spinal cord. Infection in the brain and spinal cord was also associated with astrogliosis as well as T cell and neutrophil infiltration. CMAP and histological analysis indicated that peripheral nerve and muscle functions were intact. Consequently, motor deficits in these circumstances appear to be primarily due to myelitis and possibly encephalitis as opposed to a peripheral neuropathy or a GBS-like syndrome. Thus, acute ZIKV infection of adult AG129 mice may be a useful model for ZIKV-induced myelitis, encephalitis, and seizure activity.
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21
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Hillen AEJ, Burbach JPH, Hol EM. Cell adhesion and matricellular support by astrocytes of the tripartite synapse. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 165-167:66-86. [PMID: 29444459 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes contribute to the formation, function, and plasticity of synapses. Their processes enwrap the neuronal components of the tripartite synapse, and due to this close interaction they are perfectly positioned to modulate neuronal communication. The interaction between astrocytes and synapses is facilitated by cell adhesion molecules and matricellular proteins, which have been implicated in the formation and functioning of tripartite synapses. The importance of such neuron-astrocyte integration at the synapse is underscored by the emerging role of astrocyte dysfunction in synaptic pathologies such as autism and schizophrenia. Here we review astrocyte-expressed cell adhesion molecules and matricellular molecules that play a role in integration of neurons and astrocytes within the tripartite synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E J Hillen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics/Child Neurology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Peter H Burbach
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroimmunology, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Jha MK, Kim JH, Song GJ, Lee WH, Lee IK, Lee HW, An SSA, Kim S, Suk K. Functional dissection of astrocyte-secreted proteins: Implications in brain health and diseases. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 162:37-69. [PMID: 29247683 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes, which are homeostatic cells of the central nervous system (CNS), display remarkable heterogeneity in their morphology and function. Besides their physical and metabolic support to neurons, astrocytes modulate the blood-brain barrier, regulate CNS synaptogenesis, guide axon pathfinding, maintain brain homeostasis, affect neuronal development and plasticity, and contribute to diverse neuropathologies via secreted proteins. The identification of astrocytic proteome and secretome profiles has provided new insights into the maintenance of neuronal health and survival, the pathogenesis of brain injury, and neurodegeneration. Recent advances in proteomics research have provided an excellent catalog of astrocyte-secreted proteins. This review categorizes astrocyte-secreted proteins and discusses evidence that astrocytes play a crucial role in neuronal activity and brain function. An in-depth understanding of astrocyte-secreted proteins and their pathways is pivotal for the development of novel strategies for restoring brain homeostasis, limiting brain injury/inflammation, counteracting neurodegeneration, and obtaining functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithilesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jong-Heon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun Jee Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Won Lee
- Department of Neurology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Bridel C, Koel-Simmelink MJA, Peferoen L, Derada Troletti C, Durieux S, Gorter R, Nutma E, Gami P, Iacobaeus E, Brundin L, Kuhle J, Vrenken H, Killestein J, Piersma SR, Pham TV, De Vries HE, Amor S, Jimenez CR, Teunissen CE. Brain endothelial cell expression of SPARCL-1 is specific to chronic multiple sclerosis lesions and is regulated by inflammatory mediators in vitro. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2017; 44:404-416. [PMID: 28543098 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cell matrix modulating protein SPARCL-1 is highly expressed by astrocytes during CNS development and following acute CNS damage. Applying NanoLC-MS/MS to CSF of RRMS and SPMS patients, we identified SPARCL-1 as differentially expressed between these two stages of MS, suggesting a potential as CSF biomarker to differentiate RRMS from SPMS and a role in MS pathogenesis. METHODS This study examines the potential of SPARCL-1 as CSF biomarker discriminating RRMS from SPMS in three independent cohorts (n = 249), analyses its expression pattern in MS lesions (n = 26), and studies its regulation in cultured human brain microvasculature endothelial cells (BEC) after exposure to MS-relevant inflammatory mediators. RESULTS SPARCL-1 expression in CSF was significantly higher in SPMS compared to RRMS in a Dutch cohort of 76 patients. This finding was not replicated in 2 additional cohorts of MS patients from Sweden (n = 81) and Switzerland (n = 92). In chronic MS lesions, but not active lesions or NAWM, a vessel expression pattern of SPARCL-1 was observed in addition to the expression by astrocytes. EC were found to express SPARCL-1 in chronic MS lesions, and SPARCL-1 expression was regulated by MS-relevant inflammatory mediators in cultured human BEC. CONCLUSIONS Conflicting results of SPARCL-1's differential expression in CSF of three independent cohorts of RRMS and SPMS patients precludes its use as biomarker for disease progression. The expression of SPARCL-1 by BEC in chronic MS lesions together with its regulation by inflammatory mediators in vitro suggest a role for SPARCL-1 in MS neuropathology, possibly at the brain vascular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bridel
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M J A Koel-Simmelink
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Peferoen
- Department of Pathology, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Derada Troletti
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Durieux
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Gorter
- Department of Pathology, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Nutma
- Department of Pathology, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Gami
- Department of Pathology, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Iacobaeus
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Brundin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Kuhle
- Neurology, Department of Medicine, Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - H Vrenken
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Department of Physics and Medical Technology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Killestein
- Department of Neurology, MS Centre Amsterdam, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S R Piersma
- Department of Medical Oncology, OncoProteomics Laboratory, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T V Pham
- Department of Medical Oncology, OncoProteomics Laboratory, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H E De Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Amor
- Department of Pathology, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - C R Jimenez
- Department of Medical Oncology, OncoProteomics Laboratory, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C E Teunissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Alkabie S, Basivireddy J, Zhou L, Roskams J, Rieckmann P, Quandt JA. SPARC expression by cerebral microvascular endothelial cells in vitro and its influence on blood-brain barrier properties. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:225. [PMID: 27581191 PMCID: PMC5007716 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) is a nonstructural, cell-matrix modulating protein involved in angiogenesis and endothelial barrier function, yet its potential role in cerebrovascular development, inflammation, and repair in the central nervous system (CNS) remains undetermined. Methods This study examines SPARC expression in cultured human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3)—an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)—as they transition between proliferative and barrier phenotypes and encounter pro-inflammatory stimuli. SPARC protein levels were quantified by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry and messenger RNA (mRNA) by RT-PCR. Results Constitutive SPARC expression by proliferating hCMEC/D3s is reduced as cells mature and establish a confluent monolayer. SPARC expression positively correlated with the proliferation marker Ki-67 suggesting a role for SPARC in cerebrovascular development. The pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased SPARC expression in cerebral endothelia. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) abrogated SPARC induction observed with TNF-α alone. Barrier function assays show recombinant human (rh)-SPARC increased paracellular permeability and decreased transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). This was paralleled by reduced zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin expression in hCMEC/D3s exposed to rh-SPARC (1–10 μg/ml) compared with cells in media containing a physiological dose of SPARC. Conclusions Together, these findings define a role for SPARC in influencing cerebral microvascular properties and function during development and inflammation at the BBB such that it may mediate processes of CNS inflammation and repair. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0657-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Alkabie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jayasree Basivireddy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lixin Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jane Roskams
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Rieckmann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Klinikum am Bruderwald, Neurologische Klinik, Buger Str. 80, Bamberg, 96049, Germany
| | - Jacqueline A Quandt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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25
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Lafourcade C, Ramírez JP, Luarte A, Fernández A, Wyneken U. MiRNAs in Astrocyte-Derived Exosomes as Possible Mediators of Neuronal Plasticity. J Exp Neurosci 2016; 10:1-9. [PMID: 27547038 PMCID: PMC4978198 DOI: 10.4137/jen.s39916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes use gliotransmitters to modulate neuronal function and plasticity. However, the role of small extracellular vesicles, called exosomes, in astrocyte-to-neuron signaling is mostly unknown. Exosomes originate in multivesicular bodies of parent cells and are secreted by fusion of the multivesicular body limiting membrane with the plasma membrane. Their molecular cargo, consisting of RNA species, proteins, and lipids, is in part cell type and cell state specific. Among the RNA species transported by exosomes, microRNAs (miRNAs) are able to modify gene expression in recipient cells. Several miRNAs present in astrocytes are regulated under pathological conditions, and this may have far-reaching consequences if they are loaded in exosomes. We propose that astrocyte-derived miRNA-loaded exosomes, such as miR-26a, are dysregulated in several central nervous system diseases; thus potentially controlling neuronal morphology and synaptic transmission through validated and predicted targets. Unraveling the contribution of this new signaling mechanism to the maintenance and plasticity of neuronal networks will impact our understanding on the physiology and pathophysiology of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lafourcade
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Alejandro Luarte
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Anllely Fernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Ursula Wyneken
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
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26
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Blockade of Astrocytic Calcineurin/NFAT Signaling Helps to Normalize Hippocampal Synaptic Function and Plasticity in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurosci 2016; 36:1502-15. [PMID: 26843634 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1930-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Increasing evidence suggests that the calcineurin (CN)-dependent transcription factor NFAT (Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells) mediates deleterious effects of astrocytes in progressive neurodegenerative conditions. However, the impact of astrocytic CN/NFAT signaling on neural function/recovery after acute injury has not been investigated extensively. Using a controlled cortical impact (CCI) procedure in rats, we show that traumatic brain injury is associated with an increase in the activities of NFATs 1 and 4 in the hippocampus at 7 d after injury. NFAT4, but not NFAT1, exhibited extensive labeling in astrocytes and was found throughout the axon/dendrite layers of CA1 and the dentate gyrus. Blockade of the astrocytic CN/NFAT pathway in rats using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors expressing the astrocyte-specific promoter Gfa2 and the NFAT-inhibitory peptide VIVIT prevented the injury-related loss of basal CA1 synaptic strength and key synaptic proteins and reduced the susceptibility to induction of long-term depression. In conjunction with these seemingly beneficial effects, VIVIT treatment elicited a marked increase in the expression of the prosynaptogenic factor SPARCL1 (hevin), especially in hippocampal tissue ipsilateral to the CCI injury. However, in contrast to previous work on Alzheimer's mouse models, AAV-Gfa2-VIVIT had no effects on the levels of GFAP and Iba1, suggesting that synaptic benefits of VIVIT were not attributable to a reduction in glial activation per se. Together, the results implicate the astrocytic CN/NFAT4 pathway as a key mechanism for disrupting synaptic remodeling and homeostasis in the hippocampus after acute injury. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Similar to microglia, astrocytes become strongly "activated" with neural damage and exhibit numerous morphologic/biochemical changes, including an increase in the expression/activity of the protein phosphatase calcineurin. Using adeno-associated virus (AAV) to inhibit the calcineurin-dependent activation of the transcription factor NFAT (Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells) selectively, we have shown that activated astrocytes contribute to neural dysfunction in animal models characterized by progressive/chronic neuropathology. Here, we show that the suppression of astrocytic calcineurin/NFATs helps to protect synaptic function and plasticity in an animal model in which pathology arises from a single traumatic brain injury. The findings suggest that at least some astrocyte functions impair recovery after trauma and may provide druggable targets for treating victims of acute nervous system injury.
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