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Theophanous S, Sargiannidou I, Kleopa KA. Glial Cells as Key Regulators in Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms Associated with Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9588. [PMID: 39273535 PMCID: PMC11395575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Even though several highly effective treatments have been developed for multiple sclerosis (MS), the underlying pathological mechanisms and drivers of the disease have not been fully elucidated. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying neuroinflammation in the context of glial cell involvement as there is increasing evidence of their central role in disease progression. Although glial cell communication and proper function underlies brain homeostasis and maintenance, their multiple effects in an MS brain remain complex and controversial. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the contribution of glial cells, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia in the pathology of MS during both the activation and orchestration of inflammatory mechanisms, as well as of their synergistic effects during the repair and restoration of function. Additionally, we discuss how the understanding of glial cell involvement in MS may provide new therapeutic targets either to limit disease progression or to facilitate repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Theophanous
- Neuroscience Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Irene Sargiannidou
- Neuroscience Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kleopas A Kleopa
- Neuroscience Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Chen S, Liu S, Huang Y, Huang S, Zhang W, Xie H, Lu L. 5Z-7-Oxozaenol attenuates cuprizone-induced demyelination in mice through microglia polarization regulation. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3487. [PMID: 38648385 PMCID: PMC11034864 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Demyelination is a key factor in axonal degeneration and neural loss, leading to disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Transforming growth factor beta activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a critical molecule involved in immune and inflammatory signaling pathways. Knockout of microglia TAK1 can inhibit autoimmune inflammation of the brain and spinal cord and improve the outcome of MS. However, it is unclear whether inhibiting TAK1 can alleviate demyelination. METHODS Eight-week-old male c57bl/6j mice were randomly divided into five groups: (a) the control group, (b) the group treated with cuprizone (CPZ) only, (c) the group treated with 5Z-7-Oxozaenol (OZ) only, and (d) the group treated with both cuprizone and 15 μg/30 μg OZ. Demyelination in the mice of this study was induced by administration of CPZ (ig) at a daily dose of 400 mg/kg for consecutive 5 weeks. OZ was intraperitoneally administered at mentioned doses twice a week, starting from week 3 after beginning cuprizone treatment. Histology, rotarod test, grasping test, pole test, Western blot, RT-PCR, and ELISA were used to evaluate corpus callosum demyelination, behavioral impairment, oligodendrocyte differentiation, TAK1 signaling pathway expression, microglia, and related cytokines. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that OZ protected against myelin loss and behavior impairment caused by CPZ. Additionally, OZ rescued the loss of oligodendrocytes in CPZ-induced mice. OZ inhibited the activation of JNK, p65, and p38 pathways, transformed M1 polarized microglia into M2 phenotype, and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression to attenuate demyelination in CPZ-treated mice. Furthermore, OZ reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and increases anti-inflammatory cytokines in CPZ-treated mice. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that inhibiting TAK1 may be an effective approach for treating demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Chen
- Department of NeurologyZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of General PracticeZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Siyao Liu
- Department of General PracticeZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yalun Huang
- Department of NeurologyZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shiwen Huang
- Department of NeurologyZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wanzhou Zhang
- Department of NeurologyZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huifang Xie
- Department of NeurologyZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lingli Lu
- Department of General PracticeZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Liu J, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Fu R, Hua S, Xu S. Astrocytes in ischemic stroke: Crosstalk in central nervous system and therapeutic potential. Neuropathology 2024; 44:3-20. [PMID: 37345225 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), a large group of glial cells called astrocytes play important roles in both physiological and disease conditions. Astrocytes participate in the formation of neurovascular units and interact closely with other cells of the CNS, such as microglia and neurons. Stroke is a global disease with high mortality and disability rate, most of which are ischemic stroke. Significant strides in understanding astrocytes have been made over the past few decades. Astrocytes respond strongly to ischemic stroke through a process known as activation or reactivity. Given the important role played by reactive astrocytes (RAs) in different spatial and temporal aspects of ischemic stroke, there is a growing interest in the potential therapeutic role of astrocytes. Currently, interventions targeting astrocytes, such as mediating astrocyte polarization, reducing edema, regulating glial scar formation, and reprogramming astrocytes, have been proven in modulating the progression of ischemic stroke. The aforementioned potential interventions on astrocytes and the crosstalk between astrocytes and other cells of the CNS will be summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jueling Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuying Guo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunsha Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Fu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengyu Hua
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shixin Xu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
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Belousova O, Lopatina A, Kuzmina U, Melnikov M. The role of biogenic amines in the modulation of monocytes in autoimmune neuroinflammation. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 78:104920. [PMID: 37536214 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with autoimmune mechanism of development. The study of the neuroimmune interactions is one of the most developing directions in the research of the pathogenesis of MS. The influence of biogenic amines on the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and MS was shown by the modulation of subsets of T-helper cells and B-cells, which plays a crucial role in the autoimmunity of the CNS. However, along with T- and B-cells the critical involvement of mononuclear phagocytes such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes in the development of neuroinflammation also was shown. It was demonstrated that the activation of microglial cells (resident macrophages of the CNS) could initiate the neuroinflammation in the EAE, suggesting their role at an early stage of the disease. In contrast, monocytes, which migrate from the periphery into the CNS through the blood-brain barrier, mediate the effector phase of the disease and cause neurological disability in EAE. In addition, the clinical efficacy of the therapy with depletion of the monocytes in EAE was shown, suggesting their crucial role in the autoimmunity of the CNS. Biogenic amines, such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin are direct mediators of the neuroimmune interaction and may affect the pathogenesis of EAE and MS by modulating the immune cell activity and cytokine production. The anti-inflammatory effect of targeting the biogenic amines receptors on the pathogenesis of EAE and MS by suppression of Th17- and Th1-cells, which are critical for the CNS autoimmunity, was shown. However, the latest data showed the potential ability of biogenic amines to affect the functions of the mononuclear phagocytes and their involvement in the modulation of neuroinflammation. This article reviews the literature data on the role of monocytes in the pathogenesis of EAE and MS. The data on the effect of targeting of biogenic amine receptors on the function of monocytes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Belousova
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Lopatina
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ulyana Kuzmina
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Immunology, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Science, Ufa, Russia
| | - Mikhail Melnikov
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
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Murray CJ, Vecchiarelli HA, Tremblay MÈ. Enhancing axonal myelination in seniors: A review exploring the potential impact cannabis has on myelination in the aged brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1119552. [PMID: 37032821 PMCID: PMC10073480 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1119552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of cannabis is on the rise as public opinion trends toward acceptance and its consequent legalization. Specifically, the senior population is one of the demographics increasing their use of cannabis the fastest, but research aimed at understanding cannabis' impact on the aged brain is still scarce. Aging is characterized by many brain changes that slowly alter cognitive ability. One process that is greatly impacted during aging is axonal myelination. The slow degradation and loss of myelin (i.e., demyelination) in the brain with age has been shown to associate with cognitive decline and, furthermore, is a common characteristic of numerous neurological diseases experienced in aging. It is currently not known what causes this age-dependent degradation, but it is likely due to numerous confounding factors (i.e., heightened inflammation, reduced blood flow, cellular senescence) that impact the many cells responsible for maintaining overall homeostasis and myelin integrity. Importantly, animal studies using non-human primates and rodents have also revealed demyelination with age, providing a reliable model for researchers to try and understand the cellular mechanisms at play. In rodents, cannabis was recently shown to modulate the myelination process. Furthermore, studies looking at the direct modulatory impact cannabis has on microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocyte lineage cells hint at potential mechanisms to prevent some of the more damaging activities performed by these cells that contribute to demyelination in aging. However, research focusing on how cannabis impacts myelination in the aged brain is lacking. Therefore, this review will explore the evidence thus far accumulated to show how cannabis impacts myelination and will extrapolate what this knowledge may mean for the aged brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J. Murray
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Colin J. Murray,
| | | | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Départment de Médicine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Center de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Institute for Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Marie-Ève Tremblay,
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Acheta J, Hong J, Jeanette H, Brar S, Yalamanchili A, Feltri ML, Manzini MC, Belin S, Poitelon Y. Cc2d1b Contributes to the Regulation of Developmental Myelination in the Central Nervous System. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:881571. [PMID: 35592111 PMCID: PMC9113218 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.881571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNumerous studies have indicated that myelination is the result of the interplay between extracellular signals and an intricate network of transcription factors. Yet, the identification and characterization of the full repertoire of transcription factors that modulate myelination are still incomplete. CC2D1B is a member of the Lgd/CC2D1 family of proteins highly expressed in myelinating cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems. In addition, the absence of CC2D1B limits myelin formation in vitro. Here we propose to delineate the function of CC2D1B in myelinating cells during developmental myelination in vivo in the central and peripheral nervous systems.MethodsWe used a Cc2d1b constitutive knockout mouse model and then performed morphological analyses on semithin sections of sciatic nerves and electron micrographs of optic nerves. We also performed immunohistological studies on coronal brain sections. All analyses were performed at 30 days of age.ResultsIn the peripheral nervous system, animals ablated for Cc2d1b did not show any myelin thickness difference compared to control animals. In the central nervous system, immunohistological studies did not show any difference in the number of oligodendrocytes or the level of myelin proteins in the cortex, corpus callosum, and striatum. However, optic nerves showed a hypomyelination (0.844 ± 0.022) compared to control animals (0.832 ± 0.016) of large diameter myelinated fibers.ConclusionsWe found that CC2D1B plays a role in developmental myelination in the central nervous system. These results suggest that CC2D1B could contribute to gene regulation during oligodendrocytes myelination in optic nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenica Acheta
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Jiayue Hong
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Haley Jeanette
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Simrandeep Brar
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Anish Yalamanchili
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - M. Laura Feltri
- Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - M. Chiara Manzini
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Sophie Belin
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Sophie Belin ; Yannick Poitelon
| | - Yannick Poitelon
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Sophie Belin ; Yannick Poitelon
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Scalabrino G. Newly Identified Deficiencies in the Multiple Sclerosis Central Nervous System and Their Impact on the Remyelination Failure. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040815. [PMID: 35453565 PMCID: PMC9026986 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains enigmatic and controversial. Myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS) insulate axons and allow saltatory nerve conduction. MS brings about the destruction of myelin sheaths and the myelin-producing oligodendrocytes (ODCs). The conundrum of remyelination failure is, therefore, crucial in MS. In this review, the roles of epidermal growth factor (EGF), normal prions, and cobalamin in CNS myelinogenesis are briefly summarized. Thereafter, some findings of other authors and ourselves on MS and MS-like models are recapitulated, because they have shown that: (a) EGF is significantly decreased in the CNS of living or deceased MS patients; (b) its repeated administration to mice in various MS-models prevents demyelination and inflammatory reaction; (c) as was the case for EGF, normal prion levels are decreased in the MS CNS, with a strong correspondence between liquid and tissue levels; and (d) MS cobalamin levels are increased in the cerebrospinal fluid, but decreased in the spinal cord. In fact, no remyelination can occur in MS if these molecules (essential for any form of CNS myelination) are lacking. Lastly, other non-immunological MS abnormalities are reviewed. Together, these results have led to a critical reassessment of MS pathogenesis, partly because EGF has little or no role in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Scalabrino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Kiratikanon S, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N, Kumfu S. The regulatory effects of PTPN6 on inflammatory process: Reports from mice to men. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 721:109189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Roberti A, Chaffey LE, Greaves DR. NF-κB Signaling and Inflammation-Drug Repurposing to Treat Inflammatory Disorders? BIOLOGY 2022; 11:372. [PMID: 35336746 PMCID: PMC8945680 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB is a central mediator of inflammation, response to DNA damage and oxidative stress. As a result of its central role in so many important cellular processes, NF-κB dysregulation has been implicated in the pathology of important human diseases. NF-κB activation causes inappropriate inflammatory responses in diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Thus, modulation of NF-κB signaling is being widely investigated as an approach to treat chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmunity and cancer. The emergence of COVID-19 in late 2019, the subsequent pandemic and the huge clinical burden of patients with life-threatening SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia led to a massive scramble to repurpose existing medicines to treat lung inflammation in a wide range of healthcare systems. These efforts continue and have proven to be controversial. Drug repurposing strategies are a promising alternative to de novo drug development, as they minimize drug development timelines and reduce the risk of failure due to unexpected side effects. Different experimental approaches have been applied to identify existing medicines which inhibit NF-κB that could be repurposed as anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David R. Greaves
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK; (A.R.); (L.E.C.)
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Matejuk A, Vandenbark AA, Offner H. Cross-Talk of the CNS With Immune Cells and Functions in Health and Disease. Front Neurol 2021; 12:672455. [PMID: 34135852 PMCID: PMC8200536 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.672455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system's role is much more than merely recognizing self vs. non-self and involves maintaining homeostasis and integrity of the organism starting from early development to ensure proper organ function later in life. Unlike other systems, the central nervous system (CNS) is separated from the peripheral immune machinery that, for decades, has been envisioned almost entirely as detrimental to the nervous system. New research changes this view and shows that blood-borne immune cells (both adaptive and innate) can provide homeostatic support to the CNS via neuroimmune communication. Neurodegeneration is mostly viewed through the lens of the resident brain immune populations with little attention to peripheral circulation. For example, cognition declines with impairment of peripheral adaptive immunity but not with the removal of microglia. Therapeutic failures of agents targeting the neuroinflammation framework (inhibiting immune response), especially in neurodegenerative disorders, call for a reconsideration of immune response contributions. It is crucial to understand cross-talk between the CNS and the immune system in health and disease to decipher neurodestructive and neuroprotective immune mechanisms for more efficient therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Matejuk
- Department of Immunology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Arthur A Vandenbark
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Halina Offner
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Krämer J, Beer M, Bode H, Winter B. Two Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutations in the TRAPPC9 Gene Reveal a Connection of Non-syndromic Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Genet 2021; 11:972. [PMID: 33719327 PMCID: PMC7947907 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by deficits in communication, social interaction, and repetitive behavior. Up to 70% of ASD cases are linked with intellectual disability (ID). The major genetic causes for ASD and ID are largely unknown, however, a shared genetic etiology between ASD and ID must be assumed. The trafficking protein particle complex subunit 9 (TRAPPC9) is highly expressed in postmitotic neurons of the cerebral cortex, playing a key role in development. Among 43 reported cases with mutations in TRAPPC9, all (100%) showed ID and developmental delay. Among the cases including information about ASD, 26% were affected (19 cases with information, among them 5 with ASD). Nevertheless, in some cases not classified as ASD, descriptions of autistic features like hand-flapping movements were present. Clinical Findings The affected individual presented with delay of speech development. Physical development was normal. Besides lateral slope of the eye-lid axis no facial abnormalities were evident. The individual was diagnosed with ID and ASD by structured testing. Cerebral MRI revealed associated abnormalities. Genetical Findings The chromosome set was 46,XY without structural changes. Array-CGH showed a normal molecular karyotype (arr(1-22)x2,(X,Y)x1). PCR for the FMR1 gene showed 41 ± 1 CGG repeats, and therefore no evidence of fragile X syndrome. A panel diagnostic for syndromal ID (CASK, EP300, HIVEP2, KIF1A, TRAPPC9) revealed two structural changes in TRAPPC9 in the compound heterozygosity. The mutations c.1678C > T (p.Arg560Cys) and c.3370C > T (p.Pro1124Ser) are classified as missense mutations and are both not described in the literature. Conclusion We report two new missense mutations in the TRAPPC9 gene in one individual with ID and ASD. The TRAPPC9 gene should be part of the diagnostic assessment in ID. ASD must be considered as a feature of TRAPPC9-associated ID. It might have been neglected in the literature and should result in specific testing for ASD in affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Krämer
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Meinrad Beer
- Department of Radiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Harald Bode
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benedikt Winter
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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12
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A novel homozygous variant in the TRAPPC9 gene causing intellectual disability and autism Spectrum disorder. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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13
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Sun H, Ding H, Shi Y, Li C, Jin H, Yang X, Chen Z, Tian P, Zhu J, Sun H. Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Within the Nucleus Ambiguus Inhibits Gastrointestinal Motility in Rats. Front Physiol 2020; 11:545184. [PMID: 33013478 PMCID: PMC7516268 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.545184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a neuromodulator in the central nervous system. However, the physiological role of H2S in the nucleus ambiguus (NA) has rarely been reported. This research aimed to elucidate the role of H2S in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS; 4 and 8 nmol) groups, physiological saline (PS) group, capsazepine (10 pmol) + NaHS (4 nmol) group, L703606 (4 nmol) + NaHS (4 nmol) group, and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, 4 nmol) + NaHS (4 nmol) group. Gastrointestinal motility curves before and after the injection were recorded using a latex balloon attached with a pressure transducer, which was introduced into the pylorus through gastric fundus. The results demonstrated that NaHS (4 and 8 nmol), an exogenous H2S donor, remarkably suppressed gastrointestinal motility in the NA of rats (P < 0.01). The suppressive effect of NaHS on gastrointestinal motility could be prevented by capsazepine, a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, and PDTC, a NF-κB inhibitor. However, the same amount of PS did not induce significant changes in gastrointestinal motility (P > 0.05). Our findings indicate that NaHS within the NA can remarkably suppress gastrointestinal motility in rats, possibly through TRPV1 channels and NF-κB-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhao Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Haikun Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Haoran Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaosong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Pengpeng Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiji Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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14
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Linnerbauer M, Wheeler MA, Quintana FJ. Astrocyte Crosstalk in CNS Inflammation. Neuron 2020; 108:608-622. [PMID: 32898475 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes control multiple processes in the nervous system in health and disease. It is now clear that specific astrocyte subsets or activation states are associated with specific genomic programs and functions. The advent of novel genomic technologies has enabled rapid progress in the characterization of astrocyte heterogeneity and its control by astrocyte interactions with other cells in the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we provide an overview of the multifaceted roles of astrocytes in the context of CNS inflammation, highlighting recent discoveries on astrocyte subsets and their regulation. We explore mechanisms of crosstalk between astrocytes and other cells in the CNS in the context of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration and discuss how these interactions shape pathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Linnerbauer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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15
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NF-κB Activation Accounts for the Cytoprotective Effects of PERK Activation on Oligodendrocytes during EAE. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6444-6456. [PMID: 32661025 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1156-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrate that activation of pancreatic ER kinase (PERK) protects oligodendrocytes against inflammation in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Interestingly, data indicate that the cytoprotective effects of PERK activation on oligodendrocytes during EAE are not mediated by activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) but are accompanied by activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). NF-κB plays a critical role in MS and EAE; however, the effects of NF-κB activation on oligodendrocytes in these diseases remain elusive. Herein, we generated a mouse model that allow for activation of NF-κB specifically in oligodendrocytes and found that enhanced NF-κB activation in oligodendrocytes had a minimal effect on their viability and function under normal conditions (both male and female mice). Interestingly, we found that enhanced NF-κB activation in oligodendrocytes attenuated EAE disease severity and ameliorated EAE-induced oligodendrocyte loss, demyelination, and axon degeneration, without affecting inflammation (female mice). Moreover, we showed that the detrimental effects of PERK inactivation in oligodendrocytes in EAE were accompanied by impaired NF-κB activation in oligodendrocytes, and were completely rescued by enhanced NF-κB activation in oligodendrocytes (female mice). These findings suggest that NF-κB activation accounts for the cytoprotective effects of PERK activation on oligodendrocytes in MS and EAE.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is activated in oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE); however, the role of NF-κB activation in oligodendrocytes in MS and EAE remains elusive. Herein, we generated a mouse model that allows for activation of NF-κB selectively in oligodendrocytes and demonstrated that NF-κB activation prevented oligodendrocyte death and myelin damage in the EAE model. We further demonstrated that NF-κB activation contributed to the protective effects of pancreatic ER kinase (PERK) activation on oligodendrocytes in the EAE model. As such, this work will facilitate the development of new treatments that enhance oligodendrocyte survival in MS patients by targeting the PERK-NF-κB pathway.
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16
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Bernstein HG, Keilhoff G, Dobrowolny H, Lendeckel U, Steiner J. From putative brain tumor marker to high cognitive abilities: Emerging roles of a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 12 in the brain. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 109:101846. [PMID: 32622867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ADAM (a disintergin and metalloprotease) 12 is a member of the large family of multidomain metalloprotease-disintegrins, which possess cell-binding and metalloprotease properties. The enzyme is responsible for the shedding of a number of membrane-bound proteins (heparin-binding-EGF, insulin-like growth factor 2-binding proteins 3 and 5, oxytocinase, glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B and basigin). In rat and human CNS, ADAM12 is predominantly localized in white and gray matter oligodendrocytes. In addition it can be detected in astrocytes, neurons and endothelial cells. Its function in healthy brain is not well established yet, but prominent roles in CNS development, myelination and high cognitive abilities are discussed. There is increasing evidence that ADAM12 is involved in numerous major diseases of the CNS, which are summarized in the present review (brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer´s disease, stroke, schizophrenia, autism and bipolar disorder).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerburg Keilhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Dobrowolny
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Lendeckel
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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17
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Kumar S, Fritz Z, Sulakhiya K, Theis T, Berthiaume F. Transcriptional Factors and Protein Biomarkers as Target Therapeutics in Traumatic Spinal Cord and Brain Injury. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:1092-1105. [PMID: 32442086 PMCID: PMC7709155 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200522203542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury to the spinal cord (SCI) and brain (TBI) are serious health problems and affect many people every year throughout the world. These devastating injuries are affecting not only patients but also their families socially as well as financially. SCI and TBI lead to neurological dysfunction besides continuous inflammation, ischemia, and necrosis followed by progressive neurodegeneration. There are well-established changes in several other processes such as gene expression as well as protein levels that are the important key factors to control the progression of these diseases. We are not yet able to collect enough knowledge on the underlying mechanisms leading to the altered gene expression profiles and protein levels in SCI and TBI. Cell loss is hastened by the induction or imbalance of pro- or anti-inflammatory expression profiles and transcription factors for cell survival after or during trauma. There is a sequence of events of dysregulation of these factors from early to late stages of trauma that opens a therapeutic window for new interventions to prevent/restrict the progression of these diseases. There has been increasing interest in the modulation of these factors for improving the patient’s quality of life by targeting both SCI and TBI. Here, we review some of the recent transcriptional factors and protein biomarkers that have been developed and discovered in the last decade in the context of targeted therapeutics for SCI and TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zachary Fritz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kunjbihari Sulakhiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak, India
| | - Thomas Theis
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The
State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Francois Berthiaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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18
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Murugaiyan G, Fujiwara M, Garo LP. Remyelination-Promoting Inflammation: Novel Role for MyD88 Signaling in Microglia/Macrophages. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:455-457. [PMID: 32362400 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) has been linked to demyelination and remyelination. Using zebrafish and mouse models of demyelination and remyelination, Cunha et al. now describe a novel role for myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling in supporting remyelination by promoting myeloid cell-mediated inflammatory responses via TNF-α, which are essential for phagocytic myelin debris clearance and for oligodendrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Murugaiyan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Mai Fujiwara
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lucien P Garo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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19
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Feng Y, Zheng C, Zhou Z, Xiong H, Feng F, Xie F, Wu ZD. IL-17A neutralizing antibody attenuates eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis by involving IL-17RA/Traf6/NF-κB signaling. Exp Cell Res 2019; 384:111554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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20
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Schoor C, Brocke-Ahmadinejad N, Gieselmann V, Winter D. Investigation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Differentiation by Quantitative Proteomics. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1900057. [PMID: 31216117 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system, are essential for correct brain function. They originate from oligodendrocyte precursor cells through a differentiation process which is only incompletely understood and impaired in a variety of demyelinating diseases. Better knowledge of this differentiation holds the promise to develop novel therapies for these disorders. The differentiation of rat oligodendrocyte precursor cells to oligodendrocytes in vitro is investigated. After confirmation of differentiation by immunohistochemical analysis using cell type-specific marker proteins, a quantitative proteomics study using tandem mass tags (TMT) is conducted. Four time points of differentiation covering early, intermediate, and late stages are investigated. Data analysis by Mascot and MaxQuant identified 5259 protein groups of which 471 are not described in the context of cells of the oligodendroglial lineage before. Quantitative analysis of the dataset revealed distinct regulation patterns for proteins of different functional categories including metabolic processes, regulation of the cell cycle, and transcriptional control of protein expression. The present data confirm a significant number of proteins known to play a role in oligodendrocytes and myelination. Furthermore, novel candidate proteins are identified which may play an important role in this differentiation process providing a valuable resource for oligodendrocyte research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Schoor
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Volkmar Gieselmann
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominic Winter
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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21
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Hnoonual A, Graidist P, Kritsaneepaiboon S, Limprasert P. Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutations in the TRAPPC9 Gene in Two Siblings With Autism and Intellectual Disability. Front Genet 2019; 10:61. [PMID: 30853973 PMCID: PMC6396715 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with many contributing risk genes and loci. To date, several intellectual disability (ID) susceptibility genes have frequently been identified in ASD. Here, whole exome sequencing was carried out on a proband with ASD and identified compound heterozygous mutations of the TRAPPC9, which plays a role in the neuronal NF-κB signaling pathway. These mutations consisted of a novel frameshift mutation (c.2415_2416insC, p.His806Profs∗9) and a rare splice site mutation (c.3349+1G>A) that were segregated from an unaffected father and unaffected mother, respectively. These two heterozygous mutations were also identified in the patient’s older brother with ID. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed a significant reduction of TRAPPC9 transcript in two siblings. This study first describes compound heterozygous mutations of the TRAPPC9 gene in two siblings with ASD and ID, which is notable as only homozygous mutations or compound heterozygous for copy number variations and rare variant in this gene have been reported to date and associated with autosomal recessive intellectual disability. The two siblings carrying compound heterozygous TRAPPC9 mutations presented with ID, developmental delay, microcephaly and brain abnormalities similarly to the clinical features found in almost cases with homozygous TRAPPC9 mutation in previous studies. Together this study provides evidence that clinical manifestations of TRAPPC9 mutations as seen in our patients with ID and autism may be broader than previous case reports have indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areerat Hnoonual
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Potchanapond Graidist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.,The Excellent Research Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Supika Kritsaneepaiboon
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Pornprot Limprasert
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.,Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
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22
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Nrf2 deficiency exacerbates PM2.5-induced olfactory bulb injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:1154-1160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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23
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Xu L, Botchway BOA, Zhang S, Zhou J, Liu X. Inhibition of NF-κB Signaling Pathway by Resveratrol Improves Spinal Cord Injury. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:690. [PMID: 30337851 PMCID: PMC6180204 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can have a significant impact on an individual’s life. Herein, we discuss how resveratrol improves SCI by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Evidences show resveratrol suppresses NF-κB signaling pathway to exert its beneficial effects on various diseases. NF-κB signaling pathway plays a significant role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of SCI including increase in inflammation, augmentation of damage caused by free radicals and lipid peroxidation as well as facilitation of apoptosis and axonal demyelination. We also discuss mechanisms between resveratrol and NF-κB signaling pathway in the wake of SCI, which can be potential targets for resveratrol to treat SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Benson O A Botchway
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songou Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jingying Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
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24
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Gargouri B, Yousif NM, Bouchard M, Fetoui H, Fiebich BL. Inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of bifenthrin in primary microglia and organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:159. [PMID: 29793499 PMCID: PMC5968622 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrethroids, such as bifenthrin (BF), are among the most widely used class of insecticides that pose serious risks to human and wildlife health. Pyrethroids are proposed to affect astrocytic functions and to cause neuron injury in the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia are key cells involved in innate immune responses in the CNS, and microglia activation has been linked to inflammation and neurotoxicity. However, little information is known about the effects of BF-induced toxicity in primary microglial cells as well as in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs). METHODS Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses induced by BF were evaluated in primary microglial cells and OHSCs incubated with different concentrations of BF (1-20 μM) for 4 and 24 h. mRNA and protein synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear erythroid-2 like factor-2 (Nrf-2), and microsomal prostaglandin synthase-1 (mPGES-1) was also studied by qPCR and Western blot. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT-tetrazolio (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Neurotoxicity in OHSCs was analyzed by propidium iodide (PI) staining and confocal microscopy. RESULTS Exposure of microglial cells to BF for 24 h resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the number of viable cells. At sub-cytotoxic concentrations, BF increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), TNF-alpha synthesis, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, at both 4- and 24-h time points, respectively. Furthermore, BF incubation decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and increased lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and H2O2 formation. In addition, BF significantly induced protein synthesis and mRNA expression of oxidative and inflammatory mediators after 4 and 24 h, including Nrf-2, COX-2, mPGES-1, and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). A 24-h exposure of OHSCs to BF also increased neuronal death compared to untreated controls. Furthermore, depletion of microglia from OHSCs potently enhanced neuronal death induced by BF. CONCLUSIONS Overall, BF exhibited cytotoxic effects in primary microglial cells, accompanied by the induction of various inflammatory and oxidative stress markers including the Nrf-2/COX-2/mPGES-1/NF-kappaB pathways. Moreover, the study provided evidence that BF induced neuronal death in OHSCs and suggests that microglia exert a protective function against BF toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Gargouri
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Toxicology-Microbiology and Environmental Health (17ES06), Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nizar M. Yousif
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michèle Bouchard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U424, Main Station, Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Hamadi Fetoui
- Laboratory of Toxicology-Microbiology and Environmental Health (17ES06), Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Bernd L. Fiebich
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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25
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Madrid A, Chopra P, Alisch RS. Species-Specific 5 mC and 5 hmC Genomic Landscapes Indicate Epigenetic Contribution to Human Brain Evolution. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:39. [PMID: 29491831 PMCID: PMC5817089 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Human evolution from non-human primates has seen substantial change in the central nervous system, with the molecular mechanisms underlying human brain evolution remaining largely unknown. Methylation of cytosine at the fifth carbon (5-methylcytosine; 5 mC) is an essential epigenetic mark linked to neurodevelopment, as well as neurological disease. The emergence of another modified form of cytosine (5-hydroxymethylcytosine; 5 hmC) that is enriched in the brain further substantiates a role for these epigenetic marks in neurodevelopment, yet little is known about the evolutionary importance of these marks in brain development. Here, human and monkey brain tissue were profiled, identifying 5,516 and 4,070 loci that were differentially methylated and hydroxymethylated, respectively, between the species. Annotation of these loci to the human genome revealed genes critical for the development of the nervous system and that are associated with intelligence and higher cognitive functioning, such as RELN and GNAS. Moreover, ontological analyses of these differentially methylated and hydroxymethylated genes revealed a significant enrichment of neuronal/immunological-related processes, including neurogenesis and axon development. Finally, the sequences flanking the differentially methylated/hydroxymethylated loci contained a significant enrichment of binding sites for neurodevelopmentally important transcription factors (e.g., OTX1 and PITX1), suggesting that DNA methylation may regulate gene expression by mediating transcription factor binding on these transcripts. Together, these data support dynamic species-specific epigenetic contributions in the evolution and development of the human brain from non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Madrid
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Pankaj Chopra
- Department Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Reid S. Alisch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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26
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Yue Y, Stone S, Lin W. Role of nuclear factor κB in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1507-1515. [PMID: 30127103 PMCID: PMC6126134 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.237109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) plays major roles in inflammatory diseases through regulation of inflammation and cell viability. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It has been shown that NF-κB is activated in multiple cell types in the CNS of MS patients, including T cells, microglia/macrophages, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. Interestingly, data from animal model studies, particularly studies of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, have suggested that NF-κB activation in these individual cell types has distinct effects on the development of MS. In this review, we will cover the current literature on NF-κB and the evidence for its role in the development of MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yue
- Department of Neuroscience; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sarrabeth Stone
- Department of Neuroscience; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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27
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Sharma Y, Bashir S, Bhardwaj P, Ahmad A, Khan F. Protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1: resurgence as new drug target for human autoimmune disorders. Immunol Res 2017; 64:804-19. [PMID: 27216862 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of self-antigen and its destruction by the immune system is the hallmark of autoimmune diseases. During the developmental stages, immune cells are introduced to the self-antigen, for which tolerance develops. The inflammatory insults that break the immune tolerance provoke immune system against self-antigen, progressively leading to autoimmune diseases. SH2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), SHP-1, was identified as hematopoietic cell-specific PTP that regulates immune function from developing immune tolerance to mediating cell signaling post-immunoreceptor activation. The extensive research on SHP-1-deficient mice elucidated the diversified role of SHP-1 in immune regulation, and inflammatory process and related disorders such as cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative diseases. The present review focalizes upon the implication of SHP-1 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, such as allergic asthma, neutrophilic dermatosis, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis, so as to lay the background in pursuance of developing therapeutic strategies targeting SHP-1. Also, new SHP-1 molecular targets have been suggested like SIRP-α, PIPKIγ, and RIP-1 that may prove to be the focal point for the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadhu Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Samina Bashir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Puja Bhardwaj
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Altaf Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Farah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Ma Y, Shi Q, Wang J, Xiao K, Sun J, Lv Y, Guo M, Zhou W, Chen C, Gao C, Zhang BY, Dong XP. Reduction of NF-κB (p65) in Scrapie-Infected Cultured Cells and in the Brains of Scrapie-Infected Rodents. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:2535-2548. [PMID: 28783945 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor NF-κB functions as a pleiotropic regulator of target genes controlling physiological function as well as pathological processes of many different diseases, including some neurodegenerative diseases. However, the role of NF-κB in the pathogenesis of prion disease remains ambiguous. In this study, the status of NF-κB (p65) in a prion-infected cell line SMB-S15 was first evaluated. Significantly lower levels of p65 and the phosphorylated form of p65 (p-p65) were detected in SMB-S15 cells, compared with its normal partner cell line SMB-PS. Markedly slower responses of the NF-κB system to the stimulation of TNF-α were observed in SMB-S15 cells. Removal of PrPSc replication in SMB-S15 cells rescued the expression and activity of NF-κB. However, overexpression of p65 in SMB-S15 cells did not influence the propagation of PrPSc. Moreover, significant decline of p65 level was also observed in the brain tissues of mice infected with the lysates of SMB-S15 cells and hamsters infected with scrapie agent 263K at terminal stage. Immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) on brain sections from either normal or scrapie-infected rodents revealed colocalization of p65 with neuronal nuclear (NeuN) protein positive cells but not with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive cells. Assays of the agents involving in the regulation of NF-κB showed down-regulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) both in SMB-S15 cells and in the brains of scrapie-infected rodents. Those data indicate a remarkable repression of the classical NF-κB pathway during prion infection both in vitro and in vivo. The alteration of NF-κB (p65) shows close association with the replication and accumulation of PrPSc in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment
of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment
of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment
of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment
of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment
of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment
of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment
of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment
of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment
of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment
of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bao-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment
of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment
of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory
of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
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Kato K, Losada-Perez M, Hidalgo A. Gene network underlying the glial regenerative response to central nervous system injury. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:85-93. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kato
- School of Medicine; Kyorin University; Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Alicia Hidalgo
- School of Biosciences; University of Birmingham; United Kingdom
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30
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NF-κB Activation Protects Oligodendrocytes against Inflammation. J Neurosci 2017; 37:9332-9344. [PMID: 28842413 PMCID: PMC5607472 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1608-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-κB is a key player in inflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the effects of NF-κB activation on oligodendrocytes in MS and EAE remain unknown. We generated a mouse model that expresses IκBαΔN, a super-suppressor of NF-κB, specifically in oligodendrocytes and demonstrated that IκBαΔN expression had no effect on oligodendrocytes under normal conditions (both sexes). Interestingly, we showed that oligodendrocyte-specific expression of IκBαΔN blocked NF-κB activation in oligodendrocytes and resulted in exacerbated oligodendrocyte death and hypomyelination in young, developing mice that express IFN-γ ectopically in the CNS (both sexes). We also showed that NF-κB inactivation in oligodendrocytes aggravated IFN-γ-induced remyelinating oligodendrocyte death and remyelination failure in the cuprizone model (male mice). Moreover, we found that NF-κB inactivation in oligodendrocytes increased the susceptibility of mice to EAE (female mice). These findings imply the cytoprotective effects of NF-κB activation on oligodendrocytes in MS and EAE.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS. NF-κB is a major player in inflammatory diseases that acts by regulating inflammation and cell viability. Data indicate that NF-κB activation in inflammatory cells facilitates the development of MS. However, to date, attempts to understand the role of NF-κB activation in oligodendrocytes in MS have been unsuccessful. Herein, we generated a mouse model that allows for inactivation of NF-κB specifically in oligodendrocytes and then used this model to determine the precise role of NF-κB activation in oligodendrocytes in models of MS. The results presented in this study represent the first demonstration that NF-κB activation acts cell autonomously to protect oligodendrocytes against inflammation in animal models of MS.
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Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein Downregulates Fractalkine through Activation of p38 MAPK and NF- κB. Mediators Inflamm 2017. [PMID: 28634422 PMCID: PMC5467387 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9734837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LBP and fractalkine are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of ARDS. This study investigated the relationship between LBP and fractalkine in LPS-induced A549 cells and rat lung tissue in an ARDS rat model. Methods A549 cells were transfected with LBP or LBP shRNA plasmid DNA or pretreated with SB203580 or SC-514 following LPS treatment. An ARDS rat model was established using LPS with or without LBPK95A, SB203580, or SC-514 treatment. RT-PCR, western blotting, ELISA, immunofluorescence, coimmunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemical staining were used to study the expression of fractalkine and LBP and p38 MAPK and p65 NF-κB activities. Results LPS increased LBP and reduced fractalkine. LBP overexpression further decreased LPS-induced downregulation of fractalkine and p38 MAPK and p65 NF-κB activation; LBP gene silencing, SB203580, and SC-514 suppressed LPS-induced downregulation of fractalkine and p38 MAPK and p65 NF-κB activation in A549 cells. LBP and fractalkine in lung tissue were increased and decreased, respectively, following LPS injection. LBPK95A, SB203580, and SC-514 ameliorated LPS-induced rat lung injury and suppressed LPS-induced downregulation of fractalkine by decreasing phospho-p38 MAPK and p65 NF-κB. Conclusions The results indicate that LBP downregulates fractalkine expression in LPS-induced A549 cells and in an ARDS rat model through activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB.
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32
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Yang J, Cheng X, Qi J, Xie B, Zhao X, Zheng K, Zhang Z, Qiu M. EGF Enhances Oligodendrogenesis from Glial Progenitor Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:106. [PMID: 28442994 PMCID: PMC5387051 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling plays a positive role in myelin development and repair, but little is known about its biological effects on the early generation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage cells. In this study, we investigated the role of EGF in early OL development with isolated glial restricted precursor (GRP) cells. It was found that EGF collaborated with Platelet Derived Growth Factor-AA (PDGFaa) to promote the survival and self-renewal of GRP cells, but predisposed GRP cells to develop into O4- early-stage oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in the absence of or PDGFaa. In OPCs, EGF synergized with PDGFaa to maintain their O4 negative antigenic phenotype. Upon PDGFaa withdrawal, EGF promoted the terminal differentiation of OPCs by reducing apoptosis and increasing the number of mature OLs. Together, these data revealed that EGF is an important mitogen to enhance oligodendroglial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Yang
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Cheng
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Qi
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Binghua Xie
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China.,Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
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33
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Wang C, Hu Z, Zhu Z, Zhang X, Wei Z, Zhang Y, Hu D, Cai Q. The MSHA strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA-MSHA) inhibits gastric carcinoma progression by inducing M1 macrophage polarization. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6913-21. [PMID: 26662800 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play crucial roles in promoting tumor development and progression. In the present study, we found that the mannose-sensitive hemagglutination pilus strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA-MSHA) was efficient in inducing M1 macrophage polarization. PA-MSHA treatment increases expression of M1-related cytokines and promotes activation of murine peritoneal macrophages (MPM). Interestingly, PA-MSHA inhibits cell proliferation and migration and induces the apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells. These effects of PA-MSHA on M1 polarization were associated with activation of NF-κB expression. Thus, inducing polarization of M1 by PA-MSHA may be one potential strategy for inhibiting gastric carcinoma progression in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changming Wang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Zunqi Hu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Zhenxin Zhu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Ziran Wei
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Dali Hu
- Research and Medical Department, Beijing Wanter Bio-pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101407, China
| | - Qingping Cai
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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Tanner DC, Campbell A, O'Banion KM, Noble M, Mayer-Pröschel M. cFLIP is critical for oligodendrocyte protection from inflammation. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1489-501. [PMID: 25633192 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation associated with degenerative central nervous system disease and injury frequently results in oligodendrocyte death. While promoting oligodendrocyte viability is a major therapeutic goal, little is known about protective signaling strategies. We report that in highly purified rat oligodendrocytes, interferon gamma (IFNγ) activates a signaling pathway that protects these cells from tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced cytotoxicity. IFNγ protection requires Jak (Janus kinase) activation, components of the integrated stress response and NF-κB activation. Although NF-κB activation also occurred transiently in the absence of IFNγ and presence of TNFα, this activation was not sufficient to prevent induction of the TNFα-responsive cell death pathway. Genetic inhibition of NF-κB translocation to the nucleus abrogated IFNγ-mediated protection and did not change the cell death induced by TNFα, suggesting that NF-κB activation via IFNγ induces a different set of responses than activation of NF-κB via TNFα. A promising candidate is the NF-κB target cFLIP (cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein), which is protease-deficient caspase homolog that inhibits caspase-3 activation. We show that IFNγ-mediated protection led to upregulation of cFLIP. Overexpression of cFLIP was sufficient for oligodendrocyte protection from TNFα and short hairpin RNA knockdown of cFLIP-abrogated IFNγ -mediated protection. To determine the relevance of our in vitro finding to the more complex in vivo situation, we determined the impact on oligodendrocyte death of regional cFLIP loss of function in a murine model of neuroinflammation. Our data show that downregulation of cFLIP during inflammation leads to death of oligodendrocytes and decrease of myelin in vivo. Taken together, we show that IFNγ-mediated induction of cFLIP expression provides a new mechanism by which this cytokine can protect oligodendrocytes from TNFα-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Tanner
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - A Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - K M O'Banion
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 633, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - M Noble
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - M Mayer-Pröschel
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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