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Rea JJ, Liu CM, Hayes AMR, Bashaw AG, Schwartz GM, Ohan R, Décarie-Spain L, Kao AE, Klug ME, Phung KJ, Waldow AI, Wood RI, Kanoski SE. Hippocampus Oxytocin Signaling Promotes Prosocial Eating in Rats. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01462-8. [PMID: 39038641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxytocin (OT) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide involved in diverse physiological and behavioral functions, including social-based behavior and food intake control. The extent to which OT's role in regulating these 2 fundamental behaviors is interconnected is unknown, which is a critical gap in knowledge given that social factors have a strong influence on eating behavior in mammals. Here, we focus on OT signaling in the dorsal hippocampus (HPCd), a brain region recently linked to eating and social memory, as a candidate system where these functions overlap. METHODS HPCd OT signaling gain- and loss-of-function strategies were used in male Sprague Dawley rats that were trained in a novel social eating procedure to consume their first nocturnal meal under conditions that varied with regard to conspecific presence and familiarity. The endogenous role of HPCd OT signaling was also evaluated for olfactory-based social transmission of food preference learning, sociality, and social recognition memory. RESULTS HPCd OT administration had no effect on food intake under isolated conditions but significantly increased consumption in the presence of a familiar but not an unfamiliar conspecific. Supporting these results, chronic knockdown of HPCd OT receptor expression eliminated the food intake-promoting effects of a familiar conspecific. HPCd OT receptor knockdown also blocked social transmission of food preference learning and impaired social recognition memory without affecting sociality. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the results of the current study identify endogenous HPCd OT signaling as a novel substrate in which OT synergistically influences eating and social behaviors, including the social facilitation of eating and the social transmission of food preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Rea
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Clarissa M Liu
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anna M R Hayes
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alexander G Bashaw
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Grace M Schwartz
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rita Ohan
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Léa Décarie-Spain
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alicia E Kao
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Molly E Klug
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kenneth J Phung
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alice I Waldow
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ruth I Wood
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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Głowacka P, Oszajca K, Pudlarz A, Szemraj J, Witusik-Perkowska M. Postbiotics as Molecules Targeting Cellular Events of Aging Brain-The Role in Pathogenesis, Prophylaxis and Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2024; 16:2244. [PMID: 39064687 PMCID: PMC11279795 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is the most prominent risk factor for neurodegeneration occurrence. The most common neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases, are characterized by the incidence of proteinopathy, abnormal activation of glial cells, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, impaired autophagy and cellular senescence excessive for the patient's age. Moreover, mitochondrial disfunction, epigenetic alterations and neurogenesis inhibition, together with increased blood-brain barrier permeability and gut dysbiosis, have been linked to ND pathogenesis. Since NDs still lack curative treatment, recent research has sought therapeutic options in restoring gut microbiota and supplementing probiotic bacteria-derived metabolites with beneficial action to the host-so called postbiotics. The current review focuses on literature explaining cellular mechanisms involved in ND pathogenesis and research addressing the impact that postbiotics as a whole mixture and particular metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lactate, polyamines, polyphenols, tryptophan metabolites, exopolysaccharides and bacterial extracellular vesicles, have on the ageing-associated processes underlying ND occurrence. The review also discusses the issue of implementing postbiotics into ND prophylaxis and therapy, depicting them as compounds addressing senescence-triggered dysfunctions that are worth translating from bench to pharmaceutical market in response to "silver consumers" demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pola Głowacka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (P.G.); (K.O.); (A.P.); (J.S.)
- International Doctoral School, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Oszajca
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (P.G.); (K.O.); (A.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Pudlarz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (P.G.); (K.O.); (A.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (P.G.); (K.O.); (A.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Monika Witusik-Perkowska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (P.G.); (K.O.); (A.P.); (J.S.)
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Sadek M, Stover KR, Liu X, Reed MA, Weaver DF, Reid AY. IDO-1 inhibition improves outcome after fluid percussion injury in adult male rats. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25338. [PMID: 38706427 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The enzyme indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway (KP) which produces both neuroprotective and neurotoxic metabolites. Neuroinflammatory signals produced as a result of pathological conditions can increase production of IDO1 and boost its enzymatic capacity. IDO1 and the KP have been implicated in behavioral recovery after human traumatic brain injury (TBI), but their roles in experimental models of TBI are for the most part unknown. We hypothesized there is an increase in KP activity in the fluid percussion injury (FPI) model of TBI, and that administration of an IDO1 inhibitor will improve neurological recovery. In this study, adult male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to FPI or sham injury and received twice-daily oral administration of the IDO1 inhibitor PF-06840003 (100 mg/kg) or vehicle control. FPI resulted in a significant increase in KP activity, as demonstrated by an increased ratio of kynurenine: tryptophan, in the perilesional neocortex and ipsilateral hippocampus 3 days postinjury (DPI), which normalized by 7 DPI. The increase in KP activity was prevented by PF-06840003. IDO1 inhibition also improved memory performance as assessed in the Barnes maze and anxiety behaviors as assessed in open field testing in the first 28 DPI. These results suggest increased KP activity after FPI may mediate neurological dysfunction, and IDO1 inhibition should be further investigated as a potential therapeutic target to improve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marawan Sadek
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kurt R Stover
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Reed
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aylin Y Reid
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Anderson T, Sharma S, Kelberman MA, Ware C, Guo N, Qin Z, Weinshenker D, Parent MB. Obesity during preclinical Alzheimer's disease development exacerbates brain metabolic decline. J Neurochem 2024; 168:801-821. [PMID: 37391269 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Obesity in middle age increases AD risk and severity, which is alarming given that obesity prevalence peaks at middle age and obesity rates are accelerating worldwide. Midlife, but not late-life obesity increases AD risk, suggesting that this interaction is specific to preclinical AD. AD pathology begins in middle age, with accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ), hyperphosphorylated tau, metabolic decline, and neuroinflammation occurring decades before cognitive symptoms appear. We used a transcriptomic discovery approach in young adult (6.5 months old) male and female TgF344-AD rats that overexpress mutant human amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 and wild-type (WT) controls to determine whether inducing obesity with a high-fat/high-sugar "Western" diet during preclinical AD increases brain metabolic dysfunction in dorsal hippocampus (dHC), a brain region vulnerable to the effects of obesity and early AD. Analyses of dHC gene expression data showed dysregulated mitochondrial and neurotransmission pathways, and up-regulated genes involved in cholesterol synthesis. Western diet amplified the number of genes that were different between AD and WT rats and added pathways involved in noradrenergic signaling, dysregulated inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, and decreased intracellular lipid transporters. Importantly, the Western diet impaired dHC-dependent spatial working memory in AD but not WT rats, confirming that the dietary intervention accelerated cognitive decline. To examine later consequences of early transcriptional dysregulation, we measured dHC monoamine levels in older (13 months old) AD and WT rats of both sexes after long-term chow or Western diet consumption. Norepinephrine (NE) abundance was significantly decreased in AD rats, NE turnover was increased, and the Western diet attenuated the AD-induced increases in turnover. Collectively, these findings indicate obesity during prodromal AD impairs memory, potentiates AD-induced metabolic decline likely leading to an overproduction of cholesterol, and interferes with compensatory increases in NE transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Anderson
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sumeet Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael A Kelberman
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher Ware
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nanxi Guo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhaohui Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marise B Parent
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Georgia, USA
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Bettinetti-Luque M, Trujillo-Estrada L, Garcia-Fuentes E, Andreo-Lopez J, Sanchez-Varo R, Garrido-Sánchez L, Gómez-Mediavilla Á, López MG, Garcia-Caballero M, Gutierrez A, Baglietto-Vargas D. Adipose tissue as a therapeutic target for vascular damage in Alzheimer's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:840-878. [PMID: 37706346 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue has recently been recognized as an important endocrine organ that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and in the immune response in many metabolic tissues. With this regard, emerging evidence indicates that an important crosstalk exists between the adipose tissue and the brain. However, the contribution of adipose tissue to the development of age-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, remains poorly defined. New studies suggest that the adipose tissue modulates brain function through a range of endogenous biologically active factors known as adipokines, which can cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the target areas in the brain or to regulate the function of the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we discuss the effects of several adipokines on the physiology of the blood-brain barrier, their contribution to the development of Alzheimer's disease and their therapeutic potential. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue From Alzheimer's Disease to Vascular Dementia: Different Roads Leading to Cognitive Decline. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bettinetti-Luque
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Fuentes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Andreo-Lopez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Histología Humana, Anatomía Patológica y Educación Física y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ángela Gómez-Mediavilla
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto Teófilo Hernando para la I+D de Fármacos, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto Teófilo Hernando para la I+D de Fármacos, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melissa Garcia-Caballero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Davidson TL, Stevenson RJ. Vulnerability of the Hippocampus to Insults: Links to Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1991. [PMID: 38396670 PMCID: PMC10888241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a critical brain substrate for learning and memory; events that harm the hippocampus can seriously impair mental and behavioral functioning. Hippocampal pathophysiologies have been identified as potential causes and effects of a remarkably diverse array of medical diseases, psychological disorders, and environmental sources of damage. It may be that the hippocampus is more vulnerable than other brain areas to insults that are related to these conditions. One purpose of this review is to assess the vulnerability of the hippocampus to the most prevalent types of insults in multiple biomedical domains (i.e., neuroactive pathogens, neurotoxins, neurological conditions, trauma, aging, neurodegenerative disease, acquired brain injury, mental health conditions, endocrine disorders, developmental disabilities, nutrition) and to evaluate whether these insults affect the hippocampus first and more prominently compared to other brain loci. A second purpose is to consider the role of hippocampal blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown in either causing or worsening the harmful effects of each insult. Recent research suggests that the hippocampal BBB is more fragile compared to other brain areas and may also be more prone to the disruption of the transport mechanisms that act to maintain the internal milieu. Moreover, a compromised BBB could be a factor that is common to many different types of insults. Our analysis indicates that the hippocampus is more vulnerable to insults compared to other parts of the brain, and that developing interventions that protect the hippocampal BBB may help to prevent or ameliorate the harmful effects of many insults on memory and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L. Davidson
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
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Cardiac and Gastric Interoceptive Awareness Have Distinct Neural Substrates. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0157-22.2023. [PMID: 36653188 PMCID: PMC9887674 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0157-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Interoceptive awareness, an awareness of the internal body state, guides adaptive behavior by providing ongoing information on body signals, such as heart rate and energy status. However, it is still unclear how interoceptive awareness of different body organs are represented in the human brain. Hence, we directly compared the neural activations accompanying attention to cardiac (related to heartbeat) and gastric (related to stomach) sensations, which generate cardiac and gastric interoceptive awareness, in the same population (healthy humans, N = 31). Participants were asked to direct their attention toward heart and stomach sensations and become aware of them in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. The results indicated that the neural activations underlying gastric attention encompassed larger brain regions, including the occipitotemporal visual cortices, bilateral primary motor cortices, primary somatosensory cortex, left orbitofrontal cortex, and hippocampal regions. Cardiac attention, however, selectively activated the right anterior insula extending to the frontal operculum compared with gastric attention. Moreover, our detailed analyses focusing on the insula, the most relevant region for interoceptive awareness, revealed that the left dorsal middle insula encoded cardiac and gastric attention via different activation patterns, but the posterior insula did not. Our results demonstrate that cardiac and gastric attention evoke different brain activation patterns; in particular, the selective activation may reflect differences in the functional roles of cardiac and gastric interoceptive awareness.
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Andraini T, Mardatillah J, Kartinah N, Paramita N, Santoso D, Yolanda S, Puspasari B, Rusli H. Physical exercise promotes memory function in diabetes mellitus rats: a look at glucagon like peptide-1 and glucagon like peptide-1 receptor. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/cep220020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder associated with declining of memory function. Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has a role on memory function; binding of GLP-1 and GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) can enhance synaptic plasticity. Physical exercise has effect in increasing GLP-1 levels mediated by interleukin (IL)-6 in plasma. However, the effect of physical exercise on GLP-1 and GLP-1R in hippocampus is still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of continuous and interval training on memory function through GLP-1/GLP-1R and its relation to hippocampal IL-6 of DM rats. This was an experimental study using 8-week-old Wistar rats, divided into four groups: normal control (Con); DM control (ConDM); DM with continuous training (DM-CT); and DM with interval training (DM-IT). DM-CT and DM-IT rats were trained six times a week for six weeks. All rats performed the forced alteration Y-maze test to verify spatial memory function. We analysed GLP-1 and IL-6 level by ELISA and GLP-1R by RT-PCR. We found decreased spatial memory function in DM rats accompanied by decreased hippocampal GLP-1 and GLP-1R. Physical exercise promote memory function in DM rats associated with restoration of hippocampal GLP-1 or GLP-1R level. The GLP-1 level is associated with hippocampal IL-6 level. Continuous training slightly increases GLP-1 level while interval training can maintain expression of hippocampal GLP-1R in DM rats. Our findings suggest that physical exercise may promote memory function by slightly increase the level of hippocampal GLP-1 and maintaining expression hippocampal GLP-1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Andraini
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. Jalan Salemba Raya No. 6 Jakarta Pusat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - J. Mardatillah
- Master’s Programme in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. Jalan Salemba Raya No. 6 Jakarta Pusat, 10430, Indonesia
| | - N.T. Kartinah
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. Jalan Salemba Raya No. 6 Jakarta Pusat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - N. Paramita
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. Jalan Salemba Raya No. 6 Jakarta Pusat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - D.I.S. Santoso
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. Jalan Salemba Raya No. 6 Jakarta Pusat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - S. Yolanda
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. Jalan Salemba Raya No. 6 Jakarta Pusat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - B.C. Puspasari
- Master’s Programme in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. Jalan Salemba Raya No. 6 Jakarta Pusat, 10430, Indonesia
| | - H. Rusli
- Master’s Programme in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. Jalan Salemba Raya No. 6 Jakarta Pusat, 10430, Indonesia
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Steiner A, Owen BM, Bauer JP, Seanez L, Kwon S, Biddinger JE, Huffman R, Ayala JE, Nobis WP, Lewis AS. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor differentially controls mossy cell activity across the dentate gyrus longitudinal axis. Hippocampus 2022; 32:797-807. [PMID: 36063105 PMCID: PMC9675713 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role of dentate gyrus (DG) mossy cells (MCs) in learning and memory has rapidly evolved due to increasingly precise methods for targeting MCs and for in vivo recording and activity manipulation in rodents. These studies have shown MCs are highly active in vivo, strongly remap to contextual manipulation, and that their inhibition or hyperactivation impairs pattern separation and location or context discrimination. Less well understood is how MC activity is modulated by neurohormonal mechanisms, which might differentially control the participation of MCs in cognitive functions during discrete states, such as hunger or satiety. In this study, we demonstrate that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a neuropeptide produced in the gut and the brain that regulates food consumption and hippocampal-dependent mnemonic function, might regulate MC function through expression of its receptor, GLP-1R. RNA-seq demonstrated that most, though not all, Glp1r in hippocampal principal neurons is expressed in MCs, and in situ hybridization revealed strong expression of Glp1r in hilar neurons. Glp1r-ires-Cre mice crossed with Ai14D reporter mice followed by co-labeling for the MC marker GluR2/3 revealed that almost all MCs in the ventral DG expressed Glp1r and that almost all Glp1r-expressing hilar neurons were MCs. However, only ~60% of dorsal DG MCs expressed Glp1r, and Glp1r was also expressed in small hilar neurons that were not MCs. Consistent with this expression pattern, peripheral administration of the GLP-1R agonist exendin-4 (5 μg/kg) increased cFos expression in ventral but not dorsal DG hilar neurons. Finally, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from ventral MCs showed that bath application of exendin-4 (200 nM) depolarized MCs and increased action potential firing. Taken together, this study adds to known MC activity modulators a neurohormonal mechanism that may preferentially affect ventral DG physiology and may potentially be targetable by several GLP-1R pharmacotherapies already in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Owen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James P. Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Leann Seanez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sam Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jessica E. Biddinger
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ragan Huffman
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julio E. Ayala
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William P. Nobis
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alan S. Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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10
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Differential association between the GLP1R gene variants and brain functional connectivity according to the severity of alcohol use. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13027. [PMID: 35906358 PMCID: PMC9338323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) system is involved in mechanisms underlying alcohol seeking and consumption. Accordingly, the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) has begun to be studied as a potential pharmacotherapeutic target for alcohol use disorder (AUD). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between genetic variation at the GLP-1R and brain functional connectivity, according to the severity of alcohol use. Participants were 181 individuals categorized as high-risk (n = 96) and low-risk (n = 85) alcohol use, according to their AUD identification test (AUDIT) score. Two uncommon single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs6923761 and rs1042044, were selected a priori for this study because they encode amino-acid substitutions with putative functional consequences on GLP-1R activity. Genotype groups were based on the presence of the variant allele for each of the two GLP-1R SNPs of interest [rs6923761: AA + AG (n = 65), GG (n = 116); rs1042044: AA + AC (n = 114), CC (n = 67)]. Resting-state functional MRI data were acquired for 10 min and independent component (IC) analysis was conducted. Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA) examined the interaction between GLP-1R genotype group and AUDIT group on within- and between-network connectivity. For rs6923761, three ICs showed significant genotype × AUDIT interaction effects on within-network connectivity: two were mapped onto the anterior salience network and one was mapped onto the visuospatial network. For rs1042044, four ICs showed significant interaction effects on within-network connectivity: three were mapped onto the dorsal default mode network and one was mapped onto the basal ganglia network. For both SNPs, post-hoc analyses showed that in the group carrying the variant allele, high versus low AUDIT was associated with stronger within-network connectivity. No significant effects on between-network connectivity were found. In conclusion, genetic variation at the GLP-1R was differentially associated with brain functional connectivity in individuals with low versus high severity of alcohol use. Significant findings in the salience and default mode networks are particularly relevant, given their role in the neurobiology of AUD and addictive behaviors.
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11
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Diz-Chaves Y, Herrera-Pérez S, González-Matías LC, Mallo F. Effects of Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs in the hippocampus. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 118:457-478. [PMID: 35180937 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a pleiotropic hormone very well known for its incretin effect in the glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion. However, GLP-1 is also produced in the brain, and it displays critical roles in neuroprotection by activating the GLP-1 receptor signaling pathways. GLP-1 enhances learning and memory in the hippocampus, promotes neurogenesis, decreases inflammation and apoptosis, modulates reward behavior, and reduces food intake. Its pharmacokinetics have been improved to enhance the peptide's half-life, enhancing exposure and time of action. The GLP-1 agonists are successfully in clinical use for the treatment of type-2 diabetes, obesity, and clinical evaluation for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Diz-Chaves
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Salvador Herrera-Pérez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lucas C González-Matías
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Federico Mallo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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12
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Quadt L, Critchley H, Nagai Y. Cognition, emotion, and the central autonomic network. Auton Neurosci 2022; 238:102948. [PMID: 35149372 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2022.102948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The demands of both mental and physical activity are integrated with the dynamic control of internal bodily states. The set of neural interactions that supports autonomic regulation extends beyond afferent-efferent homeostatic reflexes (interoceptive feedback, autonomic action) to encompass allostatic policies reflecting more abstract and predictive mental representations, often accessed as conscious thoughts and feelings. Historically and heuristically, reason is contrasted with passion, cognition with emotion, and 'cold' with 'hot' cognition. These categories are themselves arbitrary and blurred. Investigations of psychological processes have been generally pursued during states of musculoskeletal quiescence and are thus relatively insensitive to autonomic interaction with attentional, perceptual, mnemonic and decision-making processes. Autonomic psychophysiology has nevertheless highlighted the bidirectional coupling of distinct cognitive domains to the internal states of bodily arousal. More powerfully perhaps, in the context of emotion, autonomically mediated changes in inner bodily physiological states are viewed as intrinsic constituents of the expression of emotions, while their feedback representation is proposed to underpin emotional and motivational feelings. Here, we review the brain systems, encapsulated by the notion of central autonomic network, that provide the interface between cognitive, emotional and autonomic state. These systems span the neuraxis, overlap with the more general governance of behaviour, and represent district levels of proximity to survival-related imperatives. We touch upon the conceptual relevance of prediction and surprise to understanding the integration of cognition and emotion with autonomic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Quadt
- BSMS Department of Neuroscience, University of Brighton and University of Sussex, UK; Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, UK
| | - Hugo Critchley
- BSMS Department of Neuroscience, University of Brighton and University of Sussex, UK; Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, UK; Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, UK; Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
| | - Yoko Nagai
- BSMS Department of Neuroscience, University of Brighton and University of Sussex, UK; Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, UK
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13
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de Vries R, Boesveldt S, de Vet E. Human spatial memory is biased towards high-calorie foods: a cross-cultural online experiment. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:14. [PMID: 35144639 PMCID: PMC8832830 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01252-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human memory appears to prioritise locations of high-calorie foods, likely as an adaptation for foraging within fluctuating ancestral food environments. Importantly, this “high-calorie bias” in human spatial memory seems to yield consequences for individual eating behaviour in modern food-abundant settings. However, as studies have mainly been conducted in European (Dutch) populations to date, we investigated whether the existence of the cognitive bias can be reasonably generalised across countries that vary on culturally-relevant domains, such as that of the USA and Japan. Furthermore, we investigated whether sociodemographic factors moderate the expression of the high-calorie spatial memory bias in different populations. Methods In a cross-cultural online experiment, we measured the food location memory of diverse participants from the USA (N = 72; 44.4% Male; 54 ± 15.99 years) and Japan (N = 74; 56.8% Male; 50.85 ± 17.32 years), using a validated computer-based spatial memory task with standardised images of high-calorie and low-calorie foods. To directly compare the magnitude of the high-calorie spatial memory bias in a broader cultural scope, we also included data from a previous online experiment that identically tested the food spatial memory of a Dutch sample (N = 405; 56.7% Male; 47.57 ± 17.48 years). Results In the US sample, individuals more accurately recalled (i.e. had lower pointing errors for) locations of high-calorie foods versus that of low-calorie alternatives (Mean difference = -99.23 pixels, 95% CI = [-197.19, -1.28]) – regardless of one’s hedonic preferences, familiarity with foods, and encoding times. Likewise, individuals in the Japanese sample displayed an enhanced memory for locations of high-calorie (savoury-tasting) foods (Mean difference = -40.41 pixels, 95% CI = [-76.14, -4.68]), while controlling for the same set of potential confounders. The magnitude of the high-calorie bias in spatial memory was similar across populations (i.e. the USA, Japan, and the Netherlands), as well as across diverse sociodemographic groups within a population. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the high-calorie bias in spatial memory transcends sociocultural boundaries. Since the cognitive bias may negatively impact on our dietary decisions, it would be wise to invest in strategies that intervene on our seemingly universal ability to efficiently locate calorie-rich foods. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01252-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle de Vries
- Sensory Science & Eating Behaviour - Division of Human Nutrition & Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands. .,Wageningen University & Research, Consumption & Healthy Lifestyles, Postbus 8130, Wageningen, 6700 EW, The Netherlands.
| | - Sanne Boesveldt
- Sensory Science & Eating Behaviour - Division of Human Nutrition & Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Emely de Vet
- Wageningen University & Research, Consumption & Healthy Lifestyles, Postbus 8130, Wageningen, 6700 EW, The Netherlands
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14
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Ramírez S, Haddad-Tóvolli R, Radosevic M, Toledo M, Pané A, Alcolea D, Ribas V, Milà-Guasch M, Pozo M, Obri A, Eyre E, Gómez-Valadés AG, Chivite I, Van Eeckhout T, Zalachoras I, Altirriba J, Bauder C, Imbernón M, Garrabou G, Garcia-Ruiz C, Nogueiras R, Soto D, Gasull X, Sandi C, Brüning JC, Fortea J, Jiménez A, Fernández-Checa JC, Claret M. Hypothalamic pregnenolone mediates recognition memory in the context of metabolic disorders. Cell Metab 2022; 34:269-284.e9. [PMID: 35108514 PMCID: PMC8815774 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with cognitive dysfunction. Because the hypothalamus is implicated in energy balance control and memory disorders, we hypothesized that specific neurons in this brain region are at the interface of metabolism and cognition. Acute obesogenic diet administration in mice impaired recognition memory due to defective production of the neurosteroid precursor pregnenolone in the hypothalamus. Genetic interference with pregnenolone synthesis by Star deletion in hypothalamic POMC, but not AgRP neurons, deteriorated recognition memory independently of metabolic disturbances. Our data suggest that pregnenolone's effects on cognitive function were mediated via an autocrine mechanism on POMC neurons, influencing hippocampal long-term potentiation. The relevance of central pregnenolone on cognition was also confirmed in metabolically unhealthy patients with obesity. Our data reveal an unsuspected role for POMC neuron-derived neurosteroids in cognition. These results provide the basis for a framework to investigate new facets of POMC neuron biology with implications for cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ramírez
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Roberta Haddad-Tóvolli
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marija Radosevic
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Toledo
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Pané
- Obesity Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicent Ribas
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Milà-Guasch
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Macarena Pozo
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnaud Obri
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Eyre
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia G Gómez-Valadés
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iñigo Chivite
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomas Van Eeckhout
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ioannis Zalachoras
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Altirriba
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Corinna Bauder
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mónica Imbernón
- Department of Physiology, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gloria Garrabou
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; Center for ALPD, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Soto
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Gasull
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEPD), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Juan Fortea
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda Jiménez
- Obesity Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Barcelona, Spain; Translational Research in Diabetes, Lipids and Obesity, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José C Fernández-Checa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; Center for ALPD, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marc Claret
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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A novel approach to treating opioid use disorders: Dual agonists of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors and neuropeptide Y 2 receptors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:1169-1179. [PMID: 34715149 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The widespread misuse of opioids and opioid use disorder (OUD) together constitute a major public health crisis in the United States. The greatest challenge for successfully treating OUD is preventing relapse. Unfortunately, there are few FDA-approved medications to treat OUD and, while effective, these pharmacotherapies are limited by high relapse rates. Thus, there is a critical need for conceptually new approaches to developing novel medications to treat OUD. Here, we review an emerging preclinical literature that suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists could be re-purposed for treating OUD. Potential limitations of this approach are also discussed along with an alternative strategy that involves simultaneously targeting and activating GLP-1Rs and neuropeptide Y2 receptors (Y2Rs) in the brain using a novel monomeric dual agonist peptide. Recent studies indicate that this combinatorial pharmacotherapy approach attenuates voluntary fentanyl taking and seeking in rats without producing adverse effects associated with GLP-1R agonist monotherapy alone. While future studies are required to comprehensively determine the behavioral effects of GLP-1R agonists and dual agonists of GLP-1Rs and Y2Rs in rodent models of OUD, these provocative preclinical findings highlight a potential new GLP-1R-based approach to preventing relapse in humans with OUD.
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16
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Chen WG, Schloesser D, Arensdorf AM, Simmons JM, Cui C, Valentino R, Gnadt JW, Nielsen L, Hillaire-Clarke CS, Spruance V, Horowitz TS, Vallejo YF, Langevin HM. The Emerging Science of Interoception: Sensing, Integrating, Interpreting, and Regulating Signals within the Self. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:3-16. [PMID: 33378655 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interoception refers to the representation of the internal states of an organism, and includes the processes by which it senses, interprets, integrates, and regulates signals from within itself. This review presents a unified research framework and attempts to offer definitions for key terms to describe the processes involved in interoception. We elaborate on these definitions through illustrative research findings, and provide brief overviews of central aspects of interoception, including the anatomy and function of neural and non-neural pathways, diseases and disorders, manipulations and interventions, and predictive modeling. We conclude with discussions about major research gaps and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen G Chen
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Dana Schloesser
- Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Angela M Arensdorf
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Janine M Simmons
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Changhai Cui
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rita Valentino
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James W Gnadt
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisbeth Nielsen
- National Institute on Aging (NIA), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Victoria Spruance
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Todd S Horowitz
- National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yolanda F Vallejo
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Helene M Langevin
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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17
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Bramorska A, Zarzycka W, Podolecka W, Kuc K, Brzezicka A. Age-Related Cognitive Decline May Be Moderated by Frequency of Specific Food Products Consumption. Nutrients 2021; 13:2504. [PMID: 34444664 PMCID: PMC8399560 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to evaluate whether the type of food products and the frequency of their consumption are associated with cognitive functioning in younger and older adults. The impact of diets that are high in added sugars and saturated fat on cognitive functioning, especially on memory, was at the center of our interest. Participants in the study were 204 healthy adults (aged 20-55) who performed a multitasking cognitive test and completed dietary and psychological questionnaires. Stepwise regression analysis with age and food consumption patterns as predictors, and the cognitive task performance as a dependent variable, revealed that cognitive task performance worsened with age. However, we found that the frequency of consuming different types of foods (healthy versus unhealthy dietary patterns) moderates the effects of age on cognitive functioning. Red meat and animal fat consumption were negatively correlated with cognitive performance, and this relation was dependent on the age of our participants. Conversely, white meat and fish consumption were positively related to memory. Different indices of dietary patterns (both positive and negative) were stronger predictors of cognitive performance in the older adult group. We interpret our results as evidence that diet may be a protective (or worsening) factor in age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bramorska
- SWPS Institute of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 03-815 Warsaw, Poland; (W.Z.); (W.P.); (K.K.); (A.B.)
- Faculty of Information Technology, Polish-Japanese Academy of Information Technology, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Zarzycka
- SWPS Institute of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 03-815 Warsaw, Poland; (W.Z.); (W.P.); (K.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Wiktoria Podolecka
- SWPS Institute of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 03-815 Warsaw, Poland; (W.Z.); (W.P.); (K.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Kuc
- SWPS Institute of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 03-815 Warsaw, Poland; (W.Z.); (W.P.); (K.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Aneta Brzezicka
- SWPS Institute of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 03-815 Warsaw, Poland; (W.Z.); (W.P.); (K.K.); (A.B.)
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18
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Seitz BM, Tomiyama AJ, Blaisdell AP. Eating behavior as a new frontier in memory research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:795-807. [PMID: 34087276 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The study of memory is commonly associated with neuroscience, aging, education, and eyewitness testimony. Here we discuss how eating behavior is also heavily intertwined-and yet considerably understudied in its relation to memory processes. Both are influenced by similar neuroendocrine signals (e.g., leptin and ghrelin) and are dependent on hippocampal functions. While learning processes have long been implicated in influencing eating behavior, recent research has shown how memory of recent eating modulates future consumption. In humans, obesity is associated with impaired memory performance, and in rodents, dietary-induced obesity causes rapid decrements to memory. Lesions to the hippocampus disrupt memory but also induce obesity, highlighting a cyclic relationship between obesity and memory impairment. Enhancing memory of eating has been shown to reduce future eating and yet, little is known about what influences memory of eating or how memory of eating differs from memory for other behaviors. We discuss recent advancements in these areas and highlight fruitful research pursuits afforded by combining the study of memory with the study of eating behavior.
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Moore SA, Iulianella A. Development of the mammalian cortical hem and its derivatives: the choroid plexus, Cajal-Retzius cells and hippocampus. Open Biol 2021; 11:210042. [PMID: 33947245 PMCID: PMC8097212 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal medial region of the developing mammalian telencephalon plays a central role in the patterning of the adjacent brain regions. This review describes the development of this specialized region of the vertebrate brain, called the cortical hem, and the formation of the various cells and structures it gives rise to, including the choroid plexus, Cajal-Retzius cells and the hippocampus. We highlight the ontogenic processes that create these different forebrain derivatives from their shared embryonic origin and discuss the key signalling pathways and molecules that influence the patterning of the cortical hem. These include BMP, Wnt, FGF and Shh signalling pathways acting with Homeobox factors to carve the medial telencephalon into district progenitor regions, which in turn give rise to the choroid plexus, dentate gyrus and hippocampus. We then link the formation of the lateral ventricle choroid plexus with embryonic and postnatal neurogenesis in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A. Moore
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Brain Repair Centre, Life Science Research Institute, 1348 Summer Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H4R2
| | - Angelo Iulianella
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Brain Repair Centre, Life Science Research Institute, 1348 Summer Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H4R2
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Neuropeptidergic Control of Feeding: Focus on the Galanin Family of Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052544. [PMID: 33802616 PMCID: PMC7961366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity/overweight are important health problems due to metabolic complications. Dysregulation of peptides exerting orexigenic/anorexigenic effects must be investigated in-depth to understand the mechanisms involved in feeding behaviour. One of the most important and studied orexigenic peptides is galanin (GAL). The aim of this review is to update the mechanisms of action and physiological roles played by the GAL family of peptides (GAL, GAL-like peptide, GAL message-associated peptide, alarin) in the control of food intake and to review the involvement of these peptides in metabolic diseases and food intake disorders in experimental animal models and humans. The interaction between GAL and NPY in feeding and energy metabolism, the relationships between GAL and other substances involved in food intake mechanisms, the potential pharmacological strategies to treat food intake disorders and obesity and the possible clinical applications will be mentioned and discussed. Some research lines are suggested to be developed in the future, such as studies focused on GAL receptor/neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor interactions in hypothalamic and extra-hypothalamic nuclei and sexual differences regarding the expression of GAL in feeding behaviour. It is also important to study the possible GAL resistance in obese individuals to better understand the molecular mechanisms by which GAL regulates insulin/glucose metabolism. GAL does not exert a pivotal role in weight regulation and food intake, but this role is crucial in fat intake and also exerts an important action by regulating the activity of other key compounds under conditions of stress/altered diet.
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21
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Quigley KS, Kanoski S, Grill WM, Barrett LF, Tsakiris M. Functions of Interoception: From Energy Regulation to Experience of the Self. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:29-38. [PMID: 33378654 PMCID: PMC7780233 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We review recent work on the functions of interoceptive processing, by which the nervous system anticipates, senses, and integrates signals originating from the body. We focus on several exemplar functions of interoception, including energy regulation (ingestion and excretion), memory, affective and emotional experience, and the psychological sense of self. We emphasize two themes across these functions. First, the anatomy of interoceptive afferents makes it difficult to manipulate or directly measure interoceptive signaling in humans. Second, recent evidence shows that multimodal integration occurs across interoceptive modalities and between interoceptive and exteroceptive modalities. Whereas exteroceptive multimodal integration has been studied relatively extensively, fundamental questions remain regarding multimodal integration that involves interoceptive modalities. Future empirical work is required to better understand how and where multimodal interoceptive integration occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Quigley
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial VA Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA.
| | - Scott Kanoski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Warren M Grill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manos Tsakiris
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, UK; Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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22
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Leblanc H, Ramirez S. Linking Social Cognition to Learning and Memory. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8782-8798. [PMID: 33177112 PMCID: PMC7659449 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1280-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many mammals have evolved to be social creatures. In humans, the ability to learn from others' experiences is essential to survival; and from an early age, individuals are surrounded by a social environment that helps them develop a variety of skills, such as walking, talking, and avoiding danger. Similarly, in rodents, behaviors, such as food preference, exploration of novel contexts, and social approach, can be learned through social interaction. Social encounters facilitate new learning and help modify preexisting memories throughout the lifespan of an organism. Moreover, social encounters can help buffer stress or the effects of negative memories, as well as extinguish maladaptive behaviors. Given the importance of such interactions, there has been increasing work studying social learning and applying its concepts in a wide range of fields, including psychotherapy and medical sociology. The process of social learning, including its neural and behavioral mechanisms, has also been a rapidly growing field of interest in neuroscience. However, the term "social learning" has been loosely applied to a variety of psychological phenomena, often without clear definition or delineations. Therefore, this review gives a definition for specific aspects of social learning, provides an overview of previous work at the circuit, systems, and behavioral levels, and finally, introduces new findings on the social modulation of learning. We contextualize such social processes in the brain both through the role of the hippocampus and its capacity to process "social engrams" as well as through the brainwide realization of social experiences. With the integration of new technologies, such as optogenetics, chemogenetics, and calcium imaging, manipulating social engrams will likely offer a novel therapeutic target to enhance the positive buffering effects of social experiences or to inhibit fear-inducing social stimuli in models of anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloise Leblanc
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02119
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118
| | - Steve Ramirez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02119
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02119
- Neurophotonics Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02119
- Center for Systems Neuroscience at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02119
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23
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Specific Deletion of the Astrocyte Leptin Receptor Induces Changes in Hippocampus Glutamate Metabolism, Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity. Neuroscience 2020; 447:182-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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24
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Eschment M, Franz HR, Güllü N, Hölscher LG, Huh KE, Widmann A. Insulin signaling represents a gating mechanism between different memory phases in Drosophila larvae. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009064. [PMID: 33104728 PMCID: PMC7644093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to learn new skills and to store them as memory entities is one of the most impressive features of higher evolved organisms. However, not all memories are created equal; some are short-lived forms, and some are longer lasting. Formation of the latter is energetically costly and by the reason of restricted availability of food or fluctuations in energy expanses, efficient metabolic homeostasis modulating different needs like survival, growth, reproduction, or investment in longer lasting memories is crucial. Whilst equipped with cellular and molecular pre-requisites for formation of a protein synthesis dependent long-term memory (LTM), its existence in the larval stage of Drosophila remains elusive. Considering it from the viewpoint that larval brain structures are completely rebuilt during metamorphosis, and that this process depends completely on accumulated energy stores formed during the larval stage, investing in LTM represents an unnecessary expenditure. However, as an alternative, Drosophila larvae are equipped with the capacity to form a protein synthesis independent so-called larval anaesthesia resistant memory (lARM), which is consolidated in terms of being insensitive to cold-shock treatments. Motivated by the fact that LTM formation causes an increase in energy uptake in Drosophila adults, we tested the idea of whether an energy surplus can induce the formation of LTM in the larval stage. Suprisingly, increasing the metabolic state by feeding Drosophila larvae the disaccharide sucrose directly before aversive olfactory conditioning led to the formation of a protein synthesis dependent longer lasting memory. Moreover, formation of this memory component is accompanied by the suppression of lARM. We ascertained that insulin receptors (InRs) expressed in the mushroom body Kenyon cells suppresses the formation of lARM and induces the formation of a protein synthesis dependent longer lasting memory in Drosophila larvae. Given the numerical simplicity of the larval nervous system this work offers a unique prospect to study the impact of insulin signaling on the formation of protein synthesis dependent memories on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Eschment
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Hanna R. Franz
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology of Behavior, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nazlı Güllü
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Luis G. Hölscher
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology of Behavior, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ko-Eun Huh
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology of Behavior, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annekathrin Widmann
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology of Behavior, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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25
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Azuma D, Maron JL. Individualizing Oral Feeding Assessment and Therapies in the Newborn . RESEARCH AND REPORTS IN NEONATOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2147/rrn.s223472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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26
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Garcia-Serrano AM, Duarte JMN. Brain Metabolism Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes: What Did We Learn From Diet-Induced Diabetes Models? Front Neurosci 2020; 14:229. [PMID: 32265637 PMCID: PMC7101159 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease with impact on brain function through mechanisms that include glucose toxicity, vascular damage and blood–brain barrier (BBB) impairments, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, brain insulin resistance, synaptic failure, neuroinflammation, and gliosis. Rodent models have been developed for investigating T2D, and have contributed to our understanding of mechanisms involved in T2D-induced brain dysfunction. Namely, mice or rats exposed to diabetogenic diets that are rich in fat and/or sugar have been widely used since they develop memory impairment, especially in tasks that depend on hippocampal processing. Here we summarize main findings on brain energy metabolism alterations underlying dysfunction of neuronal and glial cells promoted by diet-induced metabolic syndrome that progresses to a T2D phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba M Garcia-Serrano
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - João M N Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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27
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Monroy E, Diaz A, Tendilla-Beltrán H, de la Cruz F, Flores G. Bexarotene treatment increases dendritic length in the nucleus accumbens without change in the locomotor activity and memory behaviors, in old mice. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 104:101734. [PMID: 31887346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aged brain has biochemical and morphological alterations in the dendrites of the pyramidal neurons of the limbic system, which consequently trigger motor and cognitive deficits. Bexarotene 4-[1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-6,7-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)ethenyl]benzoic acid is a selective agonist of X-retinoid receptors which acts by binding to the intracellular retinoic acid receptors (RAR). It decreases oxidative and inflammatory activity, in addition to the transport of lipids, mechanisms that together could have a neuroprotective effect. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of bexarotene on the motor and cognitive processes, as well as its influence on the dendritic morphology of neurons in the limbic system of elderly mice. Dendritic morphology was evaluated with the Golgi-Cox staining procedure followed by the Sholl analysis. Bexarotene was administered at different doses: 0.0; 0.5; 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg for 60 days in 18-month-old mice. After the treatment, locomotor activity in a novel environment and spatial memory in the water labyrinth were evaluated. Mice treated with bexarotene did not show significant changes in their behavior. Moreover, bexarotene-treated mice only showed a significant increase in the density of the dendritic spines and the dendritic length in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) neurons. In conclusion, the administration of bexarotene improves the plasticity of the NAcc of aged mice, and therefore could be a pharmacological alternative to prevent or delay neuroplasticity disruptions in brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elibeth Monroy
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Puebla, Mexico; Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN). CDMX, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Diaz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Puebla, Mexico
| | - Hiram Tendilla-Beltrán
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Puebla, Mexico; Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN). CDMX, Mexico
| | - Fidel de la Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN). CDMX, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Puebla, Mexico.
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28
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Buie JJ, Watson LS, Smith CJ, Sims-Robinson C. Obesity-related cognitive impairment: The role of endothelial dysfunction. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104580. [PMID: 31454547 PMCID: PMC6834913 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic associated with macro- and microvascular endothelial dysfunction. Microvascular endothelial dysfunction has recently emerged as a significant risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment. In this review, we present evidence from clinical and preclinical studies supporting a role for obesity in cognitive impairment. Next, we discuss how obesity-related hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and gut dysbiosis lead to cognitive impairment through induction of endothelial dysfunction and disruption of the blood brain barrier. Finally, we outline the potential clinical utility of dietary interventions, exercise, and bariatric surgery in circumventing the impacts of obesity on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Jones Buie
- WISSDOM Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Luke S Watson
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Crystal J Smith
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Catrina Sims-Robinson
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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29
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The Novel Perspectives of Adipokines on Brain Health. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225638. [PMID: 31718027 PMCID: PMC6887733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
First seen as a fat-storage tissue, the adipose tissue is considered as a critical player in the endocrine system. Precisely, adipose tissue can produce an array of bioactive factors, including cytokines, lipids, and extracellular vesicles, which target various systemic organ systems to regulate metabolism, homeostasis, and immune response. The global effects of adipokines on metabolic events are well defined, but their impacts on brain function and pathology remain poorly defined. Receptors of adipokines are widely expressed in the brain. Mounting evidence has shown that leptin and adiponectin can cross the blood–brain barrier, while evidence for newly identified adipokines is limited. Significantly, adipocyte secretion is liable to nutritional and metabolic states, where defective circuitry, impaired neuroplasticity, and elevated neuroinflammation are symptomatic. Essentially, neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory properties of adipokines underlie their neuroprotective roles in neurodegenerative diseases. Besides, adipocyte-secreted lipids in the bloodstream can act endocrine on the distant organs. In this article, we have reviewed five adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, apelin, visfatin) and two lipokines (palmitoleic acid and lysophosphatidic acid) on their roles involving in eating behavior, neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors in the brain. Understanding and regulating these adipokines can lead to novel therapeutic strategies to counteract metabolic associated eating disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, thus promote brain health.
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30
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Miri Ashtiani SN, Behnam H, Daliri MR, Hossein-Zadeh GA, Mehrpour M. Analysis of brain functional connectivity network in MS patients constructed by modular structure of sparse weights from cognitive task-related fMRI. AUSTRALASIAN PHYSICAL & ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE 2019; 42:921-938. [PMID: 31452057 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-019-00790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) seems to be the result of neural disconnections, leading to a wide range of brain functional network alterations. It is assumed that the analysis of the topological structure of brain connectivity network can be used to assess cognitive impairments in MS disease. We aimed to identify these brain connectivity pattern alterations and detect the significant features for the distinction of MS patients from healthy controls (HC). In this regard, the importance of functional brain networks construction for better exhibition of changes, inducing the improved reflection of functional organization structure should be precisely considered. In this paper, we strove to introduce a framework for modeling the functional connectivity network by considering the two most important intrinsic sparse and modular structures of brain. For the proposed approach, we first derived group-wise sparse representation via learning a common over-complete dictionary matrix from the aggregated cognitive task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of all subjects of the two groups to be able to investigate between-group differences. We then applied the modularity concept on achieved sparse coefficients to compute the connectivity strength between the two brain regions. We examined the changes in network topological properties between relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and matched HC groups by considering the pairwise connections of regions of the resulted weighted networks and extracting graph-based measures. We found that the informative brain regions were related to their important connectivity weights, which could distinguish MS patients from the healthy controls. The experimental findings also proved the discrimination ability of the modularity measure among all the global features. In addition, we identified such local feature subsets as eigenvector centrality, eccentricity, node strength, and within-module degree, which significantly differed between the two groups. Moreover, these nodal graph measures have been served as the detectors of brain regions, affected by different cognitive deficits. In general, our findings illustrated that integration of sparse representation, modular structure, and pairwise connectivity strength in combination with the graph properties could help us with the early diagnosis of cognitive alterations in the case of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Naghmeh Miri Ashtiani
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Behnam
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Daliri
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholam-Ali Hossein-Zadeh
- School of Cognitive Sciences (SCS), Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran.,Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mehrpour
- Department of Neurology, Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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