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Ye S, Cheng Z, Zhuo D, Liu S. Different Types of Cell Death in Diabetic Neuropathy: A Focus on Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8126. [PMID: 39125694 PMCID: PMC11311470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes, affecting over 50% of patients, leading to significant pain and a burden. Currently, there are no effective treatments available. Cell death is considered a key factor in promoting the progression of DN. This article reviews how cell death is initiated in DN, emphasizing the critical roles of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy. Additionally, we thoroughly summarize the mechanisms of cell death that may be involved in the pathogenesis of DN, including apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, among others, as well as potential therapeutic targets offered by these death mechanisms. This provides potential pathways for the prevention and treatment of diabetic neuropathy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Ye
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Queen Mary, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (S.Y.); (Z.C.); (D.Z.)
| | - Zilin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Queen Mary, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (S.Y.); (Z.C.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dongye Zhuo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Queen Mary, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (S.Y.); (Z.C.); (D.Z.)
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Jin T, Wang Z, Fan F, Wei W, Zhou C, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Li W, Zhu L, Hao J. HDAC1 Promotes Mitochondrial Pathway Apoptosis and Inhibits the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in High Glucose-Treated Schwann Cells via Decreased U4 Spliceosomal RNA. Neurochem Res 2024:10.1007/s11064-024-04200-1. [PMID: 38916813 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Dysfunction of Schwann cells, including cell apoptosis, autophagy inhibition, dedifferentiation, and pyroptosis, is a pivotal pathogenic factor in induced diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are an important family of proteins that epigenetically regulate gene transcription by affecting chromatin dynamics. Here, we explored the effect of HDAC1 on high glucose-cultured Schwann cells. HDAC1 expression was increased in diabetic mice and high glucose-cultured RSC96 cells, accompanied by cell apoptosis. High glucose also increased the mitochondrial pathway apoptosis-related Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-9/caspase-9 ratios and decreased endoplasmic reticulum response-related GRP78, CHOP, and ATF4 expression in RSC96 cells (P < 0.05). Furthermore, overexpression of HDAC1 increased the ratios of Bax/Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-9/caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3 and reduced the levels of GRP78, CHOP, and ATF4 in RSC96 cells (P < 0.05). In contrast, knockdown of HDAC1 inhibited high glucose-promoted mitochondrial pathway apoptosis and suppressed the endoplasmic reticulum response. Moreover, RNA sequencing revealed that U4 spliceosomal RNA was significantly reduced in HDAC1-overexpressing RSC96 cells. Silencing of U4 spliceosomal RNA led to an increase in Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-9 and a decrease in CHOP and ATF4. Conversely, overexpression of U4 spliceosomal RNA blocked HDAC1-promoted mitochondrial pathway apoptosis and inhibited the endoplasmic reticulum response. In addition, alternative splicing analysis of HDAC1-overexpressing RSC96 cells showed that significantly differential intron retention (IR) of Rpl21, Cdc34, and Mtmr11 might be dominant downstream targets that mediate U4 deficiency-induced Schwann cell dysfunction. Taken together, these findings indicate that HDAC1 promotes mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis and inhibits the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in high glucose-cultured Schwann cells by decreasing the U4 spliceosomal RNA/IR of Rpl21, Cdc34, and Mtmr11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jin
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Experimental Center of Clinical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Investigation, Hebei Vocational College of Public Security Police, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wandi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chenming Zhou
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Electromyogram, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China.
| | - Jun Hao
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Li YY, Qin ZH, Sheng R. The Multiple Roles of Autophagy in Neural Function and Diseases. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:363-382. [PMID: 37856037 PMCID: PMC10912456 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy involves the sequestration and delivery of cytoplasmic materials to lysosomes, where proteins, lipids, and organelles are degraded and recycled. According to the way the cytoplasmic components are engulfed, autophagy can be divided into macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Recently, many studies have found that autophagy plays an important role in neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, neuronal excitotoxicity, and cerebral ischemia. Autophagy maintains cell homeostasis in the nervous system via degradation of misfolded proteins, elimination of damaged organelles, and regulation of apoptosis and inflammation. AMPK-mTOR, Beclin 1, TP53, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and other signal pathways are involved in the regulation of autophagy and can be used as potential therapeutic targets for neurological diseases. Here, we discuss the role, functions, and signal pathways of autophagy in neurological diseases, which will shed light on the pathogenic mechanisms of neurological diseases and suggest novel targets for therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Zhang Z, Sun L, Guo Y, Zhao J, Li J, Pan X, Li Z. Bavachin ameliorates neuroinflammation and depressive-like behaviors in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice through the inhibition of PKCδ. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:52-64. [PMID: 38215890 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Depression and diabetes are closely linked; however, the pathogenesis of depression associated with diabetes is unclear, and there are no clinically effective antidepressant drugs for diabetic patients with depression. Bavachin is an important active ingredient in Fructus Psoraleae. In this study, we evaluated the anti-neuroinflammatory and antidepressant effects associated with diabetes and the molecular mechanisms of bavachin in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes mouse model. We found that bavachin clearly decreased streptozotocin (STZ)-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice. It was further found that bavachin significantly inhibited microglia activation and the phosphorylation level of PKCδ and inhibited the activation of the NF-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of PKCδ with siRNA-PKCδ partially reversed the inhibitory effect of bavachin on the NF-κB pathway and the level of pro-inflammatory factors. We further found that PKCδ directly bound to bavachin based on molecular docking and pull-down assays. We also found that bavachin improved neuroinflammation-induced neuronal survival and functional impairment and that this effect may be related to activation of the ERK and Akt pathways mediated by the BDNF pathway. Taken together, these data suggested that bavachin, by targeting inhibition PKCδ to inhibit the NF-κB pathway, further reduced the inflammatory response and oxidative stress and subsequently improved diabetic neuronal survival and function and finally ameliorated diabetes-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice. For the first time, we found that bavachin is a potential agent for the treatment of diabetes-associated neuroinflammation and depression and that PKCδ is a potential target for the treatment of diabetes-associated neuroinflammation, including depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Liyan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yaping Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohong Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
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Liu Y, Liu JE, He H, Qin M, Lei H, Meng J, Liu C, Chen X, Luo W, Zhong S. Characterizing the metabolic divide: distinctive metabolites differentiating CAD-T2DM from CAD patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:14. [PMID: 38184583 PMCID: PMC10771670 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To delineate the metabolomic differences in plasma samples between patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and those with concomitant CAD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to pinpoint distinctive metabolites indicative of T2DM risk. METHOD Plasma samples from CAD and CAD-T2DM patients across three centers underwent comprehensive metabolomic and lipidomic analyses. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to discern the relationship between the identified metabolites and T2DM risk. Characteristic metabolites' metabolic impacts were further probed through hepatocyte cellular experiments. Subsequent transcriptomic analyses elucidated the potential target sites explaining the metabolic actions of these metabolites. RESULTS Metabolomic analysis revealed 192 and 95 significantly altered profiles in the discovery (FDR < 0.05) and validation (P < 0.05) cohorts, respectively, that were associated with T2DM risk in univariate logistic regression. Further multivariate regression analyses identified 22 characteristic metabolites consistently associated with T2DM risk in both cohorts. Notably, pipecolinic acid and L-pipecolic acid, lysine derivatives, exhibited negative association with CAD-T2DM and influenced cellular glucose metabolism in hepatocytes. Transcriptomic insights shed light on potential metabolic action sites of these metabolites. CONCLUSIONS This research underscores the metabolic disparities between CAD and CAD-T2DM patients, spotlighting the protective attributes of pipecolinic acid and L-pipecolic acid. The comprehensive metabolomic and transcriptomic findings provide novel insights into the mechanism research, prophylaxis and treatment of comorbidity of CAD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjian Liu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ju-E Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huafeng He
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Qin
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Heping Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinxiu Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenwei Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Shilong Zhong
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Sood A, Fernandes V, Preeti K, Rajan S, Khatri DK, Singh SB. S1PR2 inhibition mitigates cognitive deficit in diabetic mice by modulating microglial activation via Akt-p53-TIGAR pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111278. [PMID: 38011768 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive deficit is one of the challenging complications of type 2 diabetes. Sphingosine 1- phosphate receptors (S1PRs) have been implicated in various neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. The association of S1PRs and cognition in type 2 diabetes remains elusive. Microglia-mediated neuronal damage could be the thread propagating cognitive deficit. The effects of S1PR2 inhibition on cognition in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were examined in this work. We further assessed microglial activation and putative microglial polarisation routes. Cognitive function loss was observed after four months of diabetes induction in Type 2 diabetes animal model. JTE013, an S1PR2 inhibitor, was used to assess neuroprotection against cognitive decline and neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo diabetes model. JTE013 (10 mg/kg) improved synaptic plasticity by upregulating psd95 and synaptophysin while reducing cognitive decline and neuroinflammation. It further enhanced anti-inflammatory microglia in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC), as evidenced by increased Arg-1, CD206, and YM-1 levels and decreased iNOS, CD16, and MHCII levels. TIGAR, TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator, might facilitate the anti-inflammatory microglial phenotype by promoting oxidative phosphorylation and decreasing apoptosis. However, since p53 is a TIGAR suppressor, inhibiting p53 could be beneficial. S1PR2 inhibition increased p-Akt and TIGAR levels and reduced the levels of p53 in the PFC and hippocampus of type 2 diabetic mice, thereby decreasing apoptosis. In vitro, palmitate was used to imitate sphingolipid dysregulation in BV2 cells, followed by conditioned media exposure to Neuro2A cells. JTE013 rescued the palmitate-induced neuronal apoptosis by promoting the anti-inflammatory microglia. In the present study, we demonstrate that the inhibition of S1PR2 improves cognitive function and skews microglia toward anti-inflammatory phenotype in type 2 diabetic mice, thereby promising to be a potential therapy for neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Sood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NIPER Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Valencia Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NIPER Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Kumari Preeti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NIPER Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Shruti Rajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NIPER Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NIPER Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NIPER Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
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Bao C, Liu X, Li Y, Yang J, Wei F, Gong Y, Ma Z, Liu J. Region-specific hippocampal atrophy is correlated with poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Endocr J 2023; 70:1131-1140. [PMID: 37914275 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej23-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the association between prediabetes/type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hippocampal subfields and to investigate the effects of glycemic control (HbA1c and FBG)/diabetes duration on the volume of hippocampal subfields in T2DM patients. This cross-sectional study included 268 participants from Tianjin Union Medical Center between August 2019 and July 2022. The participants were divided into three groups: T2DM, prediabetes and no diabetes. All participants underwent brain MRI examination on a 3T MRI scanner. FreeSurfer was performed to segment hippocampus automatically based on T1 MPRAGE images. The relationships between glycemic status/glycemic control/diabetes duration and hippocampal subfield volumes were estimated by multiple linear regression analysis/generalized additive modeling (GAM). Among all participants, 76 (28.36%) had prediabetes, and 96 (35.82%) had T2DM. In multi-adjusted linear regression models, those with prediabetes had a significantly lower volume of bilateral parasubiculum (βright = -5.540; βleft = -6.497). Those with diabetes had lower volume of parasubiculum (βleft = -7.868), presubiculum-head (βleft = -6.244) and fimbria (βleft = -7.187). We did not find relationship between diabetes duration and hippocampal subfield volumes. In stratified analysis, long duration with high FBG related with lower volume of right fimbria (βright = -15.583). Long duration with high HbA1c related with lower volume of presubiculum-head (βright = -19.693), subiculum-head (βright = -28.303), subiculum-body (βleft = -38.599), CA1-head (βright = -62.300, βleft = -47.922), CA1-body (βright = -19.043), CA4-body (βright = -14.392), GC-ML-DG-head (βright = -20.521), GC-ML-DG-body (βright = -16.293, βleft = -12.799), molecular_layer_HP-head (βright = -44.202, βleft = -26.071) and molecular_layer_HP-body, (βright = -31.368), hippocampal_tail (βleft = -80.073). Prediabetes related with lower bilateral parasubiculum volume, and T2DM related with lower left parasubiculum, presubiculum-head and fimbria. T2DM with chronic poor glycemic control had lower volume in multiple hippocampal subregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Bao
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Xuehuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Zhihui Ma
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Jun Liu
- The Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300140, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
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Yao Y, Shi J, Zhang C, Gao W, Huang N, Liu Y, Yan W, Han Y, Zhou W, Kong L. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 protects against neuronal injury and memory loss in mouse models of diabetes. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:722. [PMID: 37935660 PMCID: PMC10630521 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced aberrant glucose metabolism is a causative factor of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. The pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK)-lactic acid axis is regarded as a critical link between metabolic reprogramming and the pathogenic process of neurological disorders. However, its role in diabetic neuropathy remains unclear. Here, we found that PDK1 and phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) were obviously increased in high glucose (HG)-stimulated primary neurons and Neuro-2a cell line. Acetyl-coA, a central metabolic intermediate, might enhance PDK1 expression via histone H3K9 acetylation modification in HG condition. The epigenetic regulation of PDK1 expression provided an available negative feedback pattern in response to HG environment-triggered mitochondrial metabolic overload. However, neuronal PDK1 was decreased in the hippocampus of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Our data showed that the expression of PDK1 also depended on the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) transcriptional activation under the HG condition. However, HIF-1 was significantly reduced in the hippocampus of diabetic mice, which might explain the opposite expression of PDK1 in vivo. Importantly, overexpression of PDK1 reduced HG-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and neuronal apoptosis. Enhancing PDK1 expression in the hippocampus ameliorated STZ-induced cognitive impairment and neuronal degeneration in mice. Together, our study demonstrated that both acetyl-coA-induced histone acetylation and HIF-1 are necessary to direct PDK1 expression, and enhancing PDK1 may have a protective effect on cognitive recovery in diabetic mice. Schematic representation of the protective effect of PDK1 on hyperglycemia-induced neuronal injury and memory loss. High glucose enhanced the expression of PDK1 in an acetyl-coA-dependent histone acetylation modification to avoid mitochondrial metabolic overload and ROS release. However, the decrease of HIF-1 may impair the upregulation of PDK1 under hyperglycemia condition. Overexpression of PDK1 prevented hyperglycemia-induced hippocampal neuronal injury and memory loss in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaming Shi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunlai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yaobei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weiwen Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Yingguang Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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9
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Lin W, Zhao XY, Cheng JW, Li LT, Jiang Q, Zhang YX, Han F. Signaling pathways in brain ischemia: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108541. [PMID: 37783348 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke occurs when the arteries supplying blood to the brain are narrowed or blocked, inducing damage to brain tissue due to a lack of blood supply. One effective way to reduce brain damage and alleviate symptoms is to reopen blocked blood vessels in a timely manner and reduce neuronal damage. To achieve this, researchers have focused on identifying key cellular signaling pathways that can be targeted with drugs. These pathways include oxidative/nitrosative stress, excitatory amino acids and their receptors, inflammatory signaling molecules, metabolic pathways, ion channels, and other molecular events involved in stroke pathology. However, evidence suggests that solely focusing on protecting neurons may not yield satisfactory clinical results. Instead, researchers should consider the multifactorial and complex mechanisms underlying stroke pathology, including the interactions between different components of the neurovascular unit. Such an approach is more representative of the actual pathological process observed in clinical settings. This review summarizes recent research on the multiple molecular mechanisms and drug targets in ischemic stroke, as well as recent advances in novel therapeutic strategies. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future prospects of new strategies based on the biological characteristics of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lin
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhao
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jia-Wen Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Li-Tao Li
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China.
| | - Feng Han
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China; Institute of Brain Science, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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10
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Li K, Chen Y, Xie J, Cai W, Pang C, Cui C, Huan Y, Deng B. How vitamins act as novel agents for ameliorating diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A comprehensive overview. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102064. [PMID: 37689144 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a pervasive and incapacitating sequela of diabetes, affecting a significant proportion of those diagnosed with the disease, yet an effective treatment remains elusive. Vitamins have been extensively studied, emerging as a promising target for diagnosing and treating various systemic diseases, but their role in DPN is not known. This review collates and synthesizes knowledge regarding the interplay between vitamins and DPN, drawing on bibliographies from prior studies and relevant articles, and stratifying the therapeutic strategies from prophylactic to interventional. In addition, the clinical evidence supporting the use of vitamins to ameliorate DPN is also evaluated, underscoring the potential of vitamins as putative therapeutic agents. We anticipate that this review will offer novel insights for developing and applying vitamin-based therapies for DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezheng Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Yinuo Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Jiali Xie
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chunyang Pang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Skåne, Sweden
| | - Yu Huan
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Binbin Deng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China.
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11
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Wen Z, Yang Y, Bu T, Bu X, Ni Q. Cognitive dysfunction in diabetes: abnormal glucose metabolic regulation in the brain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1192602. [PMID: 37396164 PMCID: PMC10312370 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1192602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a complication and comorbidity of diabetes, supported by evidence of abnormal brain structure and function. Although few mechanistic metabolic studies have shown clear pathophysiological links between diabetes and cognitive dysfunction, there are several plausible ways in which this connection may occur. Since, brain functions require a constant supply of glucose as an energy source, the brain may be more susceptible to abnormalities in glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic abnormalities under diabetic conditions may play an important role in cognitive dysfunction by affecting glucose transport and reducing glucose metabolism. These changes, along with oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and other factors, can affect synaptic transmission, neural plasticity, and ultimately lead to impaired neuronal and cognitive function. Insulin signal triggers intracellular signal transduction that regulates glucose transport and metabolism. Insulin resistance, one hallmark of diabetes, has also been linked with impaired cerebral glucose metabolism in the brain. In this review, we conclude that glucose metabolic abnormalities play a critical role in the pathophysiological alterations underlying diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD), which is associated with multiple pathogenic factors such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and others. Brain insulin resistance is highly emphasized and characterized as an important pathogenic mechanism in the DCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qing Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’ anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Khot M, Sood A, Pushpa Tryphena K, Pinjala P, Srivastava S, Bala Singh S, Kumar Khatri D. Dimethyl fumarate ameliorates Parkinsonian pathology by modulating autophagy and apoptosis via Nrf2-TIGAR-LAMP2/Cathepsin D axis. Brain Res 2023; 1815:148462. [PMID: 37315723 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests a role for oxidative stress and accumulation of dysfunctional organelle and misfolded proteins in PD. Autophagosomes mediate the clearance of these cytoplasmic proteins via delivery to lysosomes to form autophagolysosomes, followed by degradation of the protein by lysosomal enzymes. In PD, autophagolysosome accumulation occurs initiating a plethora of events resulting in neuronal death by apoptosis. This study evaluated the effect of Dimethylfumarate (DMF), an Nrf2 activator in the rotenone-induced mouse PD model. In PD mice, there was decreased expression of LAMP2 and LC3, which resulted in inhibition of autophagic flux and increased expression of cathepsin D, which mediated apoptosis. The role of Nrf2 activation in alleviating oxidative stress is well known. Our study elucidated the novel mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of DMF. The loss of dopaminergic neurons induced by rotenone was lessened to a significant extent by pre-treatment with DMF. DMF promoted autophagosome formation and inhibited apoptosis by removing the inhibitory effect of p53 on TIGAR. TIGAR expression upregulated LAMP2 expression and downregulated Cathepsin D, promoting autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis. Thus, it was proved that DMF confers neuroprotection against rotenone-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for PD and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Khot
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Anika Sood
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Poojitha Pinjala
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India.
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13
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Sood A, Fernandes V, Preeti K, Khot M, Khatri DK, Singh SB. Fingolimod Alleviates Cognitive Deficit in Type 2 Diabetes by Promoting Microglial M2 Polarization via the pSTAT3-jmjd3 Axis. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:901-922. [PMID: 36385233 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine receptors (S1PRs) are implicated in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders like obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The link between S1PRs and cognition in type 2 diabetes, as well as the mechanisms that underpin it, are yet unknown. Neuroinflammation is the common pathology shared among T2D and cognitive impairment. However, the interplay between the M1 and M2 polarization state of microglia, a primary driver of neuroinflammation, could be the driving factor for impaired learning and memory in diabetes. In the present study, we investigated the effects of fingolimod (S1PR1 modulator) on cognition in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. We further assessed the potential pathways linking microglial polarization and cognition in T2D. Fingolimod (0.5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg) improved M2 polarization and synaptic plasticity while ameliorating cognitive decline and neuroinflammation. Sphingolipid dysregulation was mimicked in vitro using palmitate in BV2 cells, followed by conditioned media exposure to Neuro2A cells. Mechanistically, type 2 diabetes induced microglial activation, priming microglia towards the M1 phenotype. In the hippocampus and cortex of type 2 diabetic mice, there was a substantial drop in pSTAT3, which was reversed by fingolimod. This protective effect of fingolimod on microglial M2 polarization was primarily suppressed by selective jmjd3 blockade in vitro using GSK-J4, revealing that jmjd3 was involved downstream of STAT3 in the fingolimod-enabled shift of microglia from M1 to M2 polarization state. This study suggested that fingolimod might effectively improve cognition in type 2 diabetes by promoting M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Sood
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Valencia Fernandes
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kumari Preeti
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mayuri Khot
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, Hyderabad, India.
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14
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Fahimi S, Oryan S, Ahmadi R, Eidi A. Downregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 Expression During Apoptosis in the Hippocampus of Diabetic Male Wistar Rats: Ameliorative Effects of Peganum harmala Seed Extract. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e132071. [PMID: 36915407 PMCID: PMC10007996 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-132071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Apoptosis is proposed as a possible mechanism for diabetes-induced hippocampal neuronal cell death. Numerous studies have suggested that the therapeutic properties of plants, such as antioxidant and anti-apoptotic, are effective in improving the complications of diabetes in the hippocampus. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the anti-apoptotic properties of Peganum harmala (P. harmala) in the brain hippocampal cells of diabetic rats. Methods In this experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n = 8) as follows: Control (C), diabetic (D), harmine (H), diabetic plus harmine (DH), seed extract (S), and diabetic plus seed extract (DS). A single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg) was enough to cause diabetes. Seed extract and harmine were given at 150 mg/kg and 6.5 mg/kg, respectively (daily by oral gavage for 28 days). The glucose levels in the blood were measured, and the histological staining of the hippocampus was examined. Percentages of apoptotic hippocampal cells were identified with flow cytometry. Bax and Bcl-2 expression was assayed via Real time- polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. Results In DH (P = 0.001) and DS (P = 0.01) rats, the mean fasting blood glucose level significantly reduced compared with the D group. Bax and Bcl-2 expression at both mRNA and protein levels significantly differed between the D group and other groups (P = 0.01). Harmine and the seed extract considerably reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in the hippocampal cells compared to the D group (P = 0.001). Conclusions Streptozotocin-induced apoptosis in the hippocampus of diabetic rats was reduced by administering the seed extract of Peganum harmala. The P. harmala seed extract and its active ingredient, harmine, could be used as anti-apoptotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Fahimi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Oryan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramesh Ahmadi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Qom, Qom, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Qom, Qom, Iran.
| | - Akram Eidi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Comparable Benefits of Stingless Bee Honey and Caffeic Acid in Mitigating the Negative Effects of Metabolic Syndrome on the Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112154. [PMID: 36358526 PMCID: PMC9686980 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that metabolic syndrome (MetS) contributes to the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Honey, which has been used for generations, is high in antioxidants and has been demonstrated to benefit the brain and mental health by reducing oxidative stress and boosting cognitive outcomes. Honey from the stingless bees of Heterotrigona itama has been found to have higher phenolic content compared to other types of honeys. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of stingless bee honey (SBH) supplementation and to compare it with a pure form of antioxidant, caffeic acid (CA), on MetS parameters and inflammatory markers in the brains of MetS-induced rats. A total of 32 male Wistar rats were divided equally into groups of control, high-carbohydrate high-fructose (HCHF) diet (MetS), HCHF + SBH supplemented (1 g/kg) (SBH), and HCHF + CA supplemented (10 mg/kg) (CA) groups. The total duration for SBH and CA supplementation was eight weeks. The HCHF diet was found to promote hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia, and to increase brain TNF-α levels. Supplementation with SBH and CA significantly reversed (p < 0.05) the hyperglycemic and hypertensive effects of the HCHF diet. Although both supplemented groups showed no significant changes to serum HDL or TG, SBH significantly reduced (p < 0.05) brain TNF-α levels and increased (p < 0.05) brain BDNF levels. Immunohistochemistry investigations of neurogenesis (EdU) and apoptosis (TUNEL) on the cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) and dentate gyrus (DG) areas of the hippocampus showed no changes with SBH and CA supplementation compared to the control. These findings suggest that SBH and CA have the potential to mitigate HCHF-induced MetS effects and possess neuroprotective abilities.
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16
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Gao Y, Wang C, Jiang D, An G, Jin F, Zhang J, Han G, Cui C, Jiang P. New insights into the interplay between autophagy and oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in neuronal cell death and survival. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:994037. [PMID: 36187470 PMCID: PMC9524158 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.994037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a dynamic process that maintains the normal homeostasis of cells by digesting and degrading aging proteins and damaged organelles. The effect of autophagy on neural tissue is still a matter of debate. Some authors suggest that autophagy has a protective effect on nerve cells, whereas others suggest that autophagy also induces the death of nerve cells and aggravates nerve injury. In mammals, oxidative stress, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) constitute important defense mechanisms to help cells adapt to and survive the stress conditions caused by physiological and pathological stimuli. Under many pathophysiological conditions, oxidative stress, autophagy and ERS are integrated and amplified in cells to promote the progress of diseases. Over the past few decades, oxidative stress, autophagy and ERS and their interactions have been a hot topic in biomedical research. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the interactions between oxidative stress, autophagy and ERS in neuronal cell death and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahao Gao
- Clinical Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Changshui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Di Jiang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gang An
- Clinical Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Junchen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Guangkui Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Changmeng Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Changmeng Cui, ; Pei Jiang,
| | - Pei Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Changmeng Cui, ; Pei Jiang,
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17
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Ge X, Wang L, Fei A, Ye S, Zhang Q. Research progress on the relationship between autophagy and chronic complications of diabetes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:956344. [PMID: 36003645 PMCID: PMC9393249 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.956344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a common metabolic disease whose hyperglycemic state can induce diverse complications and even threaten human health and life security. Currently, the treatment of diabetes is restricted to drugs that regulate blood glucose and have certain accompanying side effects. Autophagy, a research hotspot, has been proven to be involved in the occurrence and progression of the chronic complications of diabetes. Autophagy, as an essential organismal defense mechanism, refers to the wrapping of cytoplasmic proteins, broken organelles or pathogens by vesicles, which are then degraded by lysosomes to maintain the stability of the intracellular environment. Here, we review the relevant aspects of autophagy and the molecular mechanisms of autophagy in diabetic chronic complications, and further analyze the impact of improving autophagy on diabetic chronic complications, which will contribute to a new direction for further prevention and treatment of diabetic chronic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Graduate School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Aihua Fei
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shandong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Shandong Ye, ; Qingping Zhang,
| | - Qingping Zhang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Shandong Ye, ; Qingping Zhang,
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18
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Ju DT, Van Thao D, Lu CY, Ali A, Shibu MA, Chen RJ, Day CH, Shih TC, Tsai CY, Kuo CH, Huang CY. Protective effects of CHIP overexpression and Wharton's jelly mesenchymal-derived stem cell treatment against streptozotocin-induced neurotoxicity in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1979-1987. [PMID: 35442559 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, posing a challenge in treatment. Previous studies have indicated the protective role of mesenchymal stem cells against several disorders. Although they can repair nerve injury, their key limitation is that they reduce viability under stress conditions. We recently observed that overactivation of the carboxyl terminus of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) interacting protein (CHIP) considerably rescued cell viability under hyperglycemic stress and played an essential role in promoting the beneficial effects of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs). Thus, the present study was designed to unveil the protective effects of CHIP-overexpressing WJMSCs against neurodegeneration using in vivo animal model based study. In this study, western blotting observed that CHIP-overexpressing WJMSCs could rescue nerve damage observed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by activating the AMPKα/AKT and PGC1α/SIRT1 signaling pathway. In contrast, these signaling pathways were downregulated upon silencing CHIP. Furthermore, CHIP-overexpressing WJMSCs inhibited inflammation induced in the brains of diabetic rats by suppressing the NF-κB, its downstream iNOS and cytokines signaling nexus and enhancing the antioxidant enzyme system. Moreover, TUNEL assay demonstrated that CHIP carrying WJMSCs suppressed the apoptotic cell death induced in STZ-induced diabetic group. Collectively, our findings suggests that CHIP-overexpressing WJMSCs might exerts beneficial effects, which may be considered as a therapeutic strategy against diabetic neuropathy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Tong Ju
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dao Van Thao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-You Lu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondria Related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ayaz Ali
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondria Related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondria Related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Tzu-Ching Shih
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yen Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science & Technology College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondria Related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Holistic Education Center, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
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19
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Liu M, Zhou X, Li Y, Ma S, Pan L, Zhang X, Zheng W, Wu Z, Wang K, Ahsan A, Wu J, Jiang L, Lu Y, Hu W, Qin Z, Chen Z, Zhang X. TIGAR alleviates oxidative stress in brain with extended ischemia via a pentose phosphate pathway-independent manner. Redox Biol 2022; 53:102323. [PMID: 35576689 PMCID: PMC9118922 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) alleviates oxidative stress and protects against ischemic neuronal injury by shifting glucose metabolism into the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). However, the brain alters glucose metabolism from PPP to glycolysis during prolonged ischemia. It is still unknown whether and how TIGAR exerts the antioxidant activity and neuroprotection in prolonged ischemic brains. Here, we determined the significant upregulation of TIGAR that was proportional to the duration of ischemia. However, TIGAR failed to upregulate the NADPH level but still alleviated oxidative stress in neuronal cells with prolonged oxygen glucose-deprivation (OGD). Furthermore, inhibiting PPP activity, either by the expression of mutant TIGAR (which lacks enzymatic activity) or by silencing Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, still retained antioxidant effects and neuroprotection of TIGAR with prolonged OGD. Intriguingly, TIGAR-induced autophagy alleviated oxidative stress, contributing to neuron survival. Further experiments indicated that TIGAR-induced autophagy neutralized oxidative stress by activating Nrf2, which was cancelled by ML385 or Nrf2 knockdown. Remarkably, either Atg7 deletion or Nrf2 silencing abolished the neuroprotection of TIGAR in mice with prolonged ischemia. Taken together, we found a PPP-independent pathway in which TIGAR alleviates oxidative stress. TIGAR induces autophagy and, thus, activates Nrf2, offering sustainable antioxidant defense in brains with extended ischemia. This previously unexplored mechanism of TIGAR may serve as a critical compensation for antioxidant activity caused by the lack of glucose in ischemic stroke. We identified a PPP-independent mechanism of TIGAR to neutralize ROS in neurons with extended ischemia. In neuronal cells with prolonged ischemia, TIGAR-induced autophagy alleviated oxidative stress. TIGAR-induced autophagy activated Nrf2, which compensated for the poor NADPH generation with prolonged ischemia.
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20
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Cheng LZ, Li W, Chen YX, Lin YJ, Miao Y. Autophagy and Diabetic Encephalopathy: Mechanistic Insights and Potential Therapeutic Implications. Aging Dis 2022; 13:447-457. [PMID: 35371595 PMCID: PMC8947837 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Encephalopathy (DE) is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the central nervous system. Up to now, the mechanisms of DE are not fully discussed by the field. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation pathway crucial to maintain cellular homeostasis by clearing damaged organelles, pathogens, and unwanted protein aggregates. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that autophagy might play an essential role in DE progress. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on autophagy dysfunction under the condition of DE, and provide novel insights of possibly biological mechanisms linking autophagy impairment to DE, as well as discuss autophagy-targeted therapies as potential treatments for DE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ya Miao
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Ya Miao, Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Jahoor Alam M. Insights from the p53 induced TIGAR protein 2 in the glycolytic pathway model. Bioinformation 2022; 18:310-317. [PMID: 36518138 PMCID: PMC9722439 DOI: 10.6026/97320630018310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
TIGAR is a p53 inducible gene that triggers changes in glycolytic metabolic pathway states. It is known that TIGAR expression lowers the fructose - 2, 6-bisphosphate levels resulting in an inhibition of glycolysis and decrease in intracellular ROS levels. Therefore, it is interesting to document data on p53 induced TIGAR protein 2 in the glycolytic pathway. We describe a two-oscillator model consisting of the p53-Mdm2 network and glycolytic pathway with the TIGAR protein. The numerical simulation of the model shows the suppression of glycolytic oscillation as the level of TIGAR protein increases in agreement with the experimental results reported. Thus, stochastic simulation data helps to understand the realistic behaviour in the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jahoor Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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22
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MiR-652-5p elevated glycolysis level by targeting TIGAR in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:148. [PMID: 35165280 PMCID: PMC8844069 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effect of glycolysis remains largely elusive in acute T lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Increasing evidence has indicated that the dysregulation of miRNAs is involved in glycolysis, by targeting the genes coding glycolysis rate-limiting enzymes. In our previous studies, we found that overexpression of the ARRB1-derived miR-223 sponge repressed T-ALL progress and reduced the expression of miR-652-5p. However, little is known about miR-652-5p on T-ALL. Here, we showed that impaired miR-652-5p expression inhibited growth, promoted apoptosis of T-ALL cells in vitro and prolonged overall survival (OS) in vivo. Based on the GO enrichment of miR-652-5p target genes, we uncovered that impaired miR-652-5p decreased glycolysis, including reduced the lactate, pyruvate, ATP level and the total extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), elevated oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in T-ALL cell lines. Mechanically, miR-652-5p targeted the 3ʹUTR of Tigar mRNA and inhibited its expression. Furthermore, the alteration of glycosis level was attributed to Tigar overexpression, consistent with the effect of impaired miR-652-5p. Additionally, Tigar suppressed the expression of PFKFB3, a glycolysis rate-limiting enzyme, in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, our results demonstrate that impaired miR-652-5p/Tigar axis could repress glycolysis, thus to slow growth of T-ALL cells, which support miR-652-5p as a novel potential drug target for T-ALL therapeutics.
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Zhao T, Wu D, Du J, Liu G, Ji G, Wang Z, Peng F, Man L, Zhou W, Hao A. Folic Acid Attenuates Glial Activation in Neonatal Mice and Improves Adult Mood Disorders Through Epigenetic Regulation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:818423. [PMID: 35197855 PMCID: PMC8859176 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.818423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that postnatal immune activation (PIA) can adversely increase the lifetime risk for several neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression, which involve the activation of glial cells and early neural developmental events. Several glia-targeted agents are required to protect neonates. Folic acid (FA), a clinical medication used during pregnancy, has been reported to have neuroprotective properties. However, the effects and mechanisms of FA in PIA-induced neonatal encephalitis and mood disorders remain unclear. Here, we investigated the roles of FA in a mouse model of PIA, and found that FA treatment improved depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in adults, accompanied by a decrease in the number of activated microglia and astrocytes, as well as a reduction in the inflammatory response in the cortex and hippocampus of neonatal mice. Furthermore, we offer new evidence describing the functional differences in FA between microglia and astrocytes. Our data show that epigenetic regulation plays an essential role in FA-treated glial cells following PIA stimulation. In astrocytes, FA promoted the expression of IL-10 by decreasing the level of EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 at its promoter, whereas FA promoted the expression of IL-13 by reducing the promoter binding of H3K9me3 mediated by KDM4A in microglia. Importantly, FA specifically regulated the expression level of BDNF in astrocytes through H3K27me3. Overall, our data supported that FA may be an effective treatment for reducing mood disorders induced by PIA, and we also demonstrated significant functional differences in FA between the two cell types following PIA stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyi Du
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guowei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangyu Ji
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zixiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Peng
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lajie Man
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjuan Zhou, ; Aijun Hao,
| | - Aijun Hao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjuan Zhou, ; Aijun Hao,
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Chen X, Gao F, Lin C, Chen A, Deng J, Chen P, Lin M, Xie B, Liao Y, Gong C, Zheng X. mTOR-mediated autophagy in the hippocampus is involved in perioperative neurocognitive disorders in diabetic rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 28:540-553. [PMID: 34784444 PMCID: PMC8928925 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are common neurological complications after surgery. Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been reported to be an independent risk factor for PND, but little is known about its mechanism of action. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is crucial for neuronal growth, development, apoptosis, and autophagy, but the dysregulation of mTOR signaling leads to neurological disorders. The present study investigated whether rapamycin can attenuate PND by inhibiting mTOR and activating autophagy in diabetic rats. Methods Male diabetic Sprague‐Dawley rats underwent tibial fracture surgery under isoflurane anesthesia to establish a PND model. Cognitive functions were examined using the Morris water maze test. The levels of phosphorylated mTOR (p‐mTOR), phosphorylated tau (p‐tau), autophagy‐related proteins (Beclin‐1, LC3), and apoptosis‐related proteins (Bax, Bcl‐2, cleaved caspase‐3) in the hippocampus were examined on postoperative days 3, 7, and 14 by Western blot. Hippocampal amyloid β (Aβ) levels were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results The data showed that surgical trauma and/or DM impaired cognitive function, induced mTOR activation, and decreased Beclin‐1 levels and the LC3‐II/I ratio. The levels of Aβ and p‐tau and the hippocampal apoptotic responses were significantly higher in diabetic or surgery‐treated rats than in control rats and were further increased in diabetic rats subjected to surgery. Pretreatment of rats with rapamycin inhibited mTOR hyperactivation and restored autophagic function, effectively decreasing tau hyperphosphorylation, Aβ deposition, and apoptosis in the hippocampus. Furthermore, surgical trauma‐induced neurocognitive disorders were also reversed by pretreatment of diabetic rats with rapamycin. Conclusion The results demonstrate that mTOR hyperactivation regulates autophagy, playing a critical role in the mechanism underlying PND, and reveal that the modulation of mTOR signaling could be a promising therapeutic strategy for PND in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Andi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pinzhong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingxue Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bingxin Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanling Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cansheng Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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Structure, regulation, and biological functions of TIGAR and its role in diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1547-1555. [PMID: 33510458 PMCID: PMC8463536 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
TIGAR (TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator) is the downstream target gene of p53, contains a functional sequence similar to 6-phosphofructose kinase/fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB) bisphosphatase domain. TIGAR is mainly located in the cytoplasm; in response to stress, TIGAR is translocated to nucleus and organelles, including mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum to regulate cell function. P53 family members (p53, p63, and p73), some transcription factors (SP1 and CREB), and noncoding miRNAs (miR-144, miR-885-5p, and miR-101) regulate the transcription of TIGAR. TIGAR mainly functions as fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase to hydrolyze fructose-1,6-diphosphate and fructose-2,6-diphosphate to inhibit glycolysis. TIGAR in turn facilitates pentose phosphate pathway flux to produce nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and ribose, thereby promoting DNA repair, and reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species. TIGAR thus maintains energy metabolism balance, regulates autophagy and stem cell differentiation, and promotes cell survival. Meanwhile, TIGAR also has a nonenzymatic function and can interact with retinoblastoma protein, protein kinase B, nuclear factor-kappa B, hexokinase 2, and ATP5A1 to mediate cell cycle arrest, inflammatory response, and mitochondrial protection. TIGAR might be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and neurological diseases, as well as cancers.
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Silva Oggiam D, Vallim Jorgetto J, Chinini GL, Kusahara DM, Gamba MA. Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy Pain in Diabetes Mellitus. AQUICHAN 2021. [DOI: 10.5294/aqui.2021.21.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate neuropathic pain (NP), its intensity, and complications in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a city of eastern São Paulo.
Method: Cross-sectional study conducted with 96 individuals with T2DM served by primary health units in São João da Boa Vista-SP. The following instruments were used to screen NP: Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument, Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs, Douleur Neuropathique 4, and Brief Pain Inventory. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with a 5 % significance level.
Results: Of the 96 people with T2DM for longer than five years, 22.9 % had pain. NP was related to high levels of fasting blood glucose (mean = 214 ± 65.58 mg/dl; p = 0.0002), glycated hemoglobin (mean = 8.8 ± 0.11 %; p < 0.001), absence of a balanced diet (p = 0.0066), obesity (p = 0.023), and high blood pressure (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Higher values of glycated hemoglobin rates increased three times the chance of NP. The screening and management of painful diabetic neuropathy is a challenge but adopting a screening protocol supports the secondary prevention of this manifestation.
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Wang Z, Xia P, Hu J, Huang Y, Zhang F, Li L, Wang E, Guo Q, Ye Z. LncRNA MEG3 Alleviates Diabetic Cognitive Impairments by Reducing Mitochondrial-Derived Apoptosis through Promotion of FUNDC1-Related Mitophagy via Rac1-ROS Axis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2280-2307. [PMID: 33843209 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated ROS generation are predominant contributors of neuronal death that is responsible for the diabetes-related cognitive impairments. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that long noncoding RNA-MEG3 can serve as an important regulator in the pathogenesis of diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be further clarified. Here, it was observed that MEG3 was significantly down-regulated in STZ (streptozotocin)-induced diabetic rats. MEG3 overexpression noticeably improved diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunctions, accompanied by the abatement of Rac1 activation and ROS production, as well as the inhibition of mitochondria-associated apoptosis. Furthermore, either MEG3 overexpression or Rac1 inhibition promoted FUNDC1 dephosphorylation and suppressed oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation. Similarly, in vitro studies confirmed that hyperglycemia also down-regulated MEG3 expression in PC12 cells. MEG3 reintroduction protected PC12 cells against hyperglycemia-triggered neurotoxicity by improving mitochondrial fitness and repressing mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, these neuroprotective effects of MEG3 relied on FUNDC1-related mitophagy, since silencing of FUNDC1 abolished these beneficial outcomes. Additionally, MEG3 rescued HG-induced neurotoxicity was involved in inhibiting Rac1 expression via interaction with Rac1 3'UTR. Conversely, knockdown of MEG3 showed opposite effects. NSC23766, a specific inhibitor of Rac1, fully abolished harmful effects of MEG3 depletion. Consistently, knockdown of Rac1 potentiated FUNDC1-associated mitophagy. Meanwhile, colocalization of Rac1 and FUNDC1 was found in mitochondria under hyperglycemia, which was interrupted by MEG3 overexpression. Furthermore, silencing of Rac1 promoted PGAM5 expression, and FUNDC1 strongly interacted with LC3 in Rac1-deleted cells. Altogether, our findings suggested that the Rac1/ROS axis may be a downstream signaling pathway for MEG3-induced neuroprotection, which was involved in FUNDC1-associated mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Pingping Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Longyan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - E Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhi Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Zhao ZW, Zhang M, Zou J, Wan XJ, Zhou L, Wu Y, Liu SM, Liao LX, Li H, Qin YS, Yu XH, Tang CK. TIGAR mitigates atherosclerosis by promoting cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Atherosclerosis 2021; 327:76-86. [PMID: 33994201 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is now characterized as a fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase to reduce glycolysis and protect against oxidative stress. Recent studies have demonstrated that TIGAR is associated with cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about its role in atherosclerogenesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of TIGAR on atherosclerosis and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets were used to analyze the differential expression of relative proteins. THP-1-derived macrophages were used as an in vitro model and apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice were used as an in vivo model. [3H] labeled cholesterol was used to assess the capacity of cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Both qPCR and Western blot were used to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Lentiviral vectors were used to disturb the expression of TIGAR in vitro and in vivo. Oil Red O, hematoxylin-eosin, and Masson staining were performed to evaluate atherosclerotic plaques in Apoe-/- mice fed a Western diet. Conventional assay kits were used to measure the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), plasma lipid profiles and 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-HC). RESULTS Our results showed that TIGAR is increased upon the formation of macrophage foam cells and atherosclerosis. TIGAR knockdown markedly promoted lipid accumulation in macrophages. Silencing of TIGAR impaired cholesterol efflux and down-regulated the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ABCG1 by interfering with liver X receptor α (LXRα) expression and activity, but did not influence cholesterol uptake by macrophages. Additionally, this inhibitory effect of TIGAR deficiency on cholesterol metabolism was mediated through the ROS/CYP27A1 pathway. In vivo experiments revealed that TIGAR deficiency decreased the levels of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in plaques and aorta and impaired the capacity of RCT, thereby leading to the progression of atherosclerosis in Apoe-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS TIGAR mitigates the development of atherosclerosis by up-regulating ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression via the ROS/CYP27A1/LXRα pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Wang Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jin Zou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Wan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Shang-Ming Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Heng Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Qin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China.
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Mizukami H, Osonoi S. Pathogenesis and Molecular Treatment Strategies of Diabetic Neuropathy Collateral Glucose-Utilizing Pathways in Diabetic Polyneuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010094. [PMID: 33374137 PMCID: PMC7796340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is the most common neuropathy manifested in diabetes. Symptoms include allodynia, pain, paralysis, and ulcer formation. There is currently no established radical treatment, although new mechanisms of DPN are being vigorously explored. A pathophysiological feature of DPN is abnormal glucose metabolism induced by chronic hyperglycemia in the peripheral nerves. Particularly, activation of collateral glucose-utilizing pathways such as the polyol pathway, protein kinase C, advanced glycation end-product formation, hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, pentose phosphate pathway, and anaerobic glycolytic pathway are reported to contribute to the onset and progression of DPN. Inhibitors of aldose reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme involved in the polyol pathway, are the only compounds clinically permitted for DPN treatment in Japan, although their efficacies are limited. This may indicate that multiple pathways can contribute to the pathophysiology of DPN. Comprehensive metabolic analysis may help to elucidate global changes in the collateral glucose-utilizing pathways during the development of DPN, and highlight therapeutic targets in these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Mizukami
- Department Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-172-39-5025
| | - Sho Osonoi
- Department Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan;
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
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Hadj-Moussa H, Pamenter ME, Storey KB. Hypoxic naked mole-rat brains use microRNA to coordinate hypometabolic fuels and neuroprotective defenses. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:5080-5097. [PMID: 33305831 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Naked mole-rats are among the mammalian champions of hypoxia tolerance. They evolved adaptations centered around reducing metabolic rate to overcome the challenges experienced in their underground burrows. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing to investigate one of the factors likely supporting hypoxia tolerance in naked mole-rat brains, posttranscriptional microRNAs (miRNAs). Of the 212 conserved miRNAs identified using small RNA sequencing, 18 displayed significant differential expression during hypoxia. Bioinformatic enrichment revealed that hypoxia-mediated miRNAs were suppressing energy expensive processes including de novo protein translation and cellular proliferation. This suppression occurred alongside the activation of neuroprotective and neuroinflammatory pathways, and the induction of central signal transduction pathways including HIF-1α and NFκB via miR-335, miR-101, and miR-155. MiRNAs also coordinated anaerobic glycolytic fuel sources, where hypoxia-upregulated miR-365 likely suppressed protein levels of ketohexokinase, the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the first committed step of fructose catabolism. This was further supported by a hypoxia-mediated reduction in glucose transporter 5 proteins that import fructose into the cell. Yet, messenger RNA and protein levels of lactate dehydrogenase, which converts pyruvate to lactate in the absence of oxygen, were elevated during hypoxia. Together, this demonstrated the induction of anaerobic glycolysis despite a lack of reliance on fructose as the primary fuel source, suggesting that hypoxic brains are metabolically different than anoxic naked mole-rat brains that were previously found to shift to fructose-based glycolysis. Our findings contribute to the growing body of oxygen-responsive miRNAs "OxymiRs" that facilitate natural miRNA-mediated mechanisms for successful hypoxic exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew E Pamenter
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Agca CA, Kırıcı M, Nedzvetsky VS, Gundogdu R, Tykhomyrov AA. The Effect of TIGAR Knockdown on Apoptotic and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Markers Expression in Doxorubicin-Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer A549 Cell Lines. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000441. [PMID: 32639659 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is a critical problem in cancer therapy, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. TP53-induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase (TIGAR), an important glycolysis and apoptosis regulator, plays a crucial role in cancer cell survival by protecting cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated whether TIGAR is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), A549/DOX cells. We found that the expression of TIGAR was significantly higher in A549/DOX cells than in the parent A549 cell lines. siRNA-mediated TIGAR knockdown reduced migration, viability and colony survival of doxorubicin-resistant lung cancer cells. Also, TIGAR knockdown decreased pro-survival protein Bcl-2 and increased pro-apoptotic Bax and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Moreover, TIGAR depletion significantly up-regulated both caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression. Furthermore, TIGAR depletion up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin and down-regulated the expression of vimentin. These results indicate that TIGAR knockdown may inhibit EMT in doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant human NSCLC and may represent a therapeutic target for a non-small lung cancer cells chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Ali Agca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bingol University, 12000, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Mahinur Kırıcı
- Department of Chemistry, Bingol University, 12000, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Victor S Nedzvetsky
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bingol University, 12000, Bingol, Turkey.,Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Dnipro National University, 49000, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | | | - Artem A Tykhomyrov
- Department of Enzyme Chemistry and Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 01030, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Demir E, Nedzvetsky VS, Ağca CA, Kirici M. Pristine C 60 Fullerene Nanoparticles Ameliorate Hyperglycemia-Induced Disturbances via Modulation of Apoptosis and Autophagy Flux. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2385-2397. [PMID: 32712876 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03097-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic disorder associated with multiple complications including neuropathy, memory loss and cognitive decline. Despite a long history of studies on diabetic complications, there are no effective therapeutic strategies for neuroprotection in diabetes. Hyperglycemia-induced imbalance in programmed cell death could initiate a decline in neural tissue cells viability. Various nanomaterials can induce either cell death or cell survival dependent on the type and surface features. Pristine C60 fullerene is a nontoxic nanomaterial, which exhibits antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. However, the precise molecular mechanism with which the C60 nanoparticle exerts cytoprotective effect in diabetic subjects has not yet been fully addressed. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether C60 fullerene prevents oxidative stress impairment and to explore the effects of C60 fullerene on apoptosis and autophagy in diabetes mellitus to clarify its potential mechanisms. These effects have been examined for olive oil extracted C60 fullerene on the hippocampus of STZ diabetic rats. Up-regulation of Caspase-3, Beclin-1 and oxidative stress indexes and down-regulation of Bcl-2 were observed in the brain of STZ-diabetic rats. The exposure to C60 fullerene for a period of 12 weeks ameliorate redox imbalance, hyperglycemia-induced disturbances in apoptosis and autophagy flux via modulation of Caspase-3, Bcl-2, Beclin-1 and LC3I/II contents. Furthermore, C60 fullerene ameliorated the LC3I/II ratio and prevented extremely increased autophagy flux. Contrarily, pristine C60 fullerene had no modulatory effect on all studied apoptotic and autophagy markers in non-diabetic groups. Therefore, oil extracted C60 fullerene exhibits cytoprotective effect in hyperglycemia-stressed hippocampal cells. The presented results confirm that pristine C60 fullerene nanoparticles can protect hippocampal cells against hyperglycemic stress via anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic effects and amelioration of autophagy flux. Moreover, C60 fullerene regulates a balance of autophagy via BCL-2/Beclin-1 reciprocal expression that could prevent functional disturbances in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Demir
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Duzce University, 81620, Duzce, Turkey.
| | - Viktor S Nedzvetsky
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bingol University, 12000, Bingöl, Turkey
- Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro, 49050, Ukraine
| | - Can Ali Ağca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bingol University, 12000, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Mahinur Kirici
- Department of Property Protection and Security, Bingol Social Sciences Vocational School, Bingol University, 12000, Bingöl, Turkey
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