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Cetin E, Pedersen B, Porter LM, Adler GK, Burak MF. Protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial using pure palmitoleic acid to ameliorate insulin resistance and lipogenesis in overweight and obese subjects with prediabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1306528. [PMID: 38313838 PMCID: PMC10835623 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1306528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Palmitoleic acid (POA), a nonessential, monounsaturated omega-7 fatty acid (C16:1n7), is a lipid hormone secreted from adipose tissue and has beneficial effects on distant organs, such as the liver and muscle. Interestingly, POA decreases lipogenesis in toxic storage sites such as the liver and muscle, and paradoxically increases lipogenesis in safe storage sites, such as adipose tissue. Furthermore, higher POA levels in humans are correlated with better insulin sensitivity, an improved lipid profile, and a lower incidence of type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular pathologies, such as myocardial infarction. In preclinical animal models, POA improves glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and steatosis of the muscle and liver, while improving insulin sensitivity and secretion. This double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial tests the hypothesis that POA increases insulin sensitivity and decreases hepatic lipogenesis in overweight and obese adult subjects with pre-diabetes. Important to note, that this is the first study ever to use pure (>90%) POA with < 0.3% palmitic acid (PA), which masks the beneficial effects of POA. The possible positive findings may offer a therapeutic and/or preventative pathway against diabetes and related immunometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecesu Cetin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brian Pedersen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lindsey M. Porter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gail K. Adler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mehmet Furkan Burak
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Sabri Ulker Center, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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2
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Fatty acids act on vascular endothelial cells and influence the development of cardiovascular disease. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 165:106704. [PMID: 36621562 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) maintain the health of blood vessels and prevent the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Free saturated fatty acids (FAs) induce EC damage and increase the risk of CVD by promoting arteriosclerosis. Conversely, polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid, are thought to suppress EC damage induced during the early stages of CVD. This review describes the effects of multiple dietary FAs on EC disorders involved in the development of CVD. The roles of FAs in atherosclerosis and CVD were analyzed by evaluating articles published in PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science. Saturated FAs were found to induce EC damage by reducing the production and action of EC-derived nitric oxide. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and the renin-angiotensin system were found to be involved in EC disorder. Furthermore, n-3 PUFAs were found to reduce EC dysfunction and prevent the development of EC disorder. These results indicate that FAs may affect EC failure induced during the early stages of CVD and reduce the risk of developing the disease.
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Dulęba J, Siódmiak T, Marszałł MP. The influence of substrate systems on the enantioselective and lipolytic activity of immobilized Amano PS from Burkholderia cepacia lipase (APS-BCL). Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shen W, Jiang L, Zhao J, Wang H, Hu M, Chen L, Chen Y. Bioactive lipids and their metabolism: new therapeutic opportunities for Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:846-872. [PMID: 34904314 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder characterized by motor dysfunction, which can also be associated with non-motor symptoms. Its pathogenesis is thought to stem from a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the formation of Lewy bodies containing aggregated α-synuclein. Recent works suggested that lipids might play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of PD. In particular, the so-called "bioactive" lipids whose changes in the concentration may lead to functional consequences and affect many pathophysiological processes, including neuroinflammation, are closely related to PD in terms of symptoms, disease progression, and incidence. This study aimed to explore the molecular metabolism and physiological functions of bioactive lipids, such as fatty acids (mainly unsaturated fatty acids), eicosanoids, endocannabinoids, oxysterols, representative sphingolipids, diacylglycerols, and lysophosphatidic acid, in the development of PD. The knowledge of bioactive lipids in PD gained through preclinical and clinical studies is expected to improve the understanding of disease pathogenesis and provide novel therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Shen
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Haili Wang
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Meng Hu
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central Sounth University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lanlan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingzhu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Liu Z, Mi J. Serum Albumin and Circulating Metabolites and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:712600. [PMID: 34859025 PMCID: PMC8631825 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.712600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Previous observational studies indicated that the serum albumin levels and circulating metabolites are associated with a high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, whether these observations reflect causality remained unclear. Hence, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the causal associations of serum albumin and circulating metabolites with the risk of VTE. Methods and Results: Summary statistics of genetic instruments proxying serum albumin, total protein, and common circulating metabolites were extracted from genome-wide association studies in the European ancestry. Summary-level results of age- and sex-adjusted estimates for associations of the instruments with VTE were derived from the FinnGen consortium. We used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analysis for univariable MR. Sensitivity analyses were performed to detect horizontal pleiotropy and outliers. Genetically proxied high-serum albumin and total protein levels were suggestive protective factor of VTE, with odds ratio (OR) = 0.69 (CI 0.54-0.89, p = 4.7 × 10-3) and 0.76 (CI 0.61-0.95, p = 0.015), respectively. Genetically proxied low-monounsaturated fatty acids and the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acid to total fatty acid are causally associated with increased risk of VTE, with ORs = 0.89 (CI 0.80-0.99, p = 0.031) and 0.85 (CI 0.78-0.94, p = 9.92 × 10-4), respectively. There is no indication of causal associations between other circulating metabolites and the risk of VTE. Conclusions: Genetically liability to low-serum albumin and total protein levels, low proxied monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and the ratio of MUFAs to total fatty acids are associated with the higher risk of VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengye Liu
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiarui Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Banach M, Burchardt P, Chlebus K, Dobrowolski P, Dudek D, Dyrbuś K, Gąsior M, Jankowski P, Jóźwiak J, Kłosiewicz-Latoszek L, Kowalska I, Małecki M, Prejbisz A, Rakowski M, Rysz J, Solnica B, Sitkiewicz D, Sygitowicz G, Sypniewska G, Tomasik T, Windak A, Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz D, Cybulska B. PoLA/CFPiP/PCS/PSLD/PSD/PSH guidelines on diagnosis and therapy of lipid disorders in Poland 2021. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:1447-1547. [PMID: 34900032 PMCID: PMC8641518 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/141941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Poland there are still nearly 20 million individuals with hypercholesterolaemia, most of them are unaware of their condition; that is also why only ca. 5% of patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia have been diagnosed; that is why other rare cholesterol metabolism disorders are so rarely diagnosed in Poland. Let us hope that these guidelines, being an effect of work of experts representing 6 main scientific societies, as well as the network of PoLA lipid centers being a part of the EAS lipid centers, certification of lipidologists by PoLA, or the growing number of centers for rare diseases, with a network planned by the Ministry of Health, improvements in coordinated care for patients after myocardial infarction (KOS-Zawał), reimbursement of innovative agents, as well as introduction in Poland of an effective primary prevention program, will make improvement in relation to these unmet needs in diagnostics and treatment of lipid disorders possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI) in Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Burchardt
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology, and Internal Medicine, K. Marcinkowski Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Unit, J. Strus Hospital, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Chlebus
- First Department and Chair of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Hypertension, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Dudek
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Dyrbuś
- 3 Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gąsior
- 3 Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland
| | - Piotr Jankowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Arterial Hypertension, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Jóźwiak
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | | | - Irina Kowalska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Małecki
- Department and Chair of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksander Prejbisz
- Department of Hypertension, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Rakowski
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Chair of Nephrology, Arterial Hypertension, and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bogdan Solnica
- Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dariusz Sitkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Sygitowicz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Sypniewska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, L. Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tomasik
- Chair of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Windak
- Chair of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz
- Department and Chair of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, K. Marcinkowski Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Cybulska
- National Institute of Public Health NIH – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Papotti B, Escolà-Gil JC, Julve J, Potì F, Zanotti I. Impact of Dietary Lipids on the Reverse Cholesterol Transport: What We Learned from Animal Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082643. [PMID: 34444804 PMCID: PMC8401548 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is a physiological mechanism protecting cells from an excessive accumulation of cholesterol. When this process begins in vascular macrophages, it acquires antiatherogenic properties, as has been widely demonstrated in animal models. Dietary lipids, despite representing a fundamental source of energy and exerting multiple biological functions, may induce detrimental effects on cardiovascular health. In the present review we summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms of action of the most relevant classes of dietary lipids, such as fatty acids, sterols and liposoluble vitamins, with effects on different steps of RCT. We also provide a critical analysis of data obtained from experimental models which can serve as a valuable tool to clarify the effects of dietary lipids on cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Papotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.E.-G.); (J.J.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.E.-G.); (J.J.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Potì
- Unità di Neuroscienze, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Via Volturno 39/F, 43125 Parma, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Zanotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521905040
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Nutrigenomics of Dietary Lipids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10070994. [PMID: 34206632 PMCID: PMC8300813 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10070994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary lipids have a major role in nutrition, not only for their fuel value, but also as essential and bioactive nutrients. This narrative review aims to describe the current evidence on nutrigenomic effects of dietary lipids. Firstly, the different chemical and biological properties of fatty acids contained both in plant- and animal-based food are illustrated. A description of lipid bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and lipotoxicity is provided, together with an overview of the modulatory role of lipids as pro- or anti-inflammatory agents. Current findings concerning the metabolic impact of lipids on gene expression, epigenome, and gut microbiome in animal and human studies are summarized. Finally, the effect of the individual’s genetic make-up on lipid metabolism is described. The main goal is to provide an overview about the interaction between dietary lipids and the genome, by identifying and discussing recent scientific evidence, recognizing strengths and weaknesses, to address future investigations and fill the gaps in the current knowledge on metabolic impact of dietary fats on health.
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9
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Tang J, Yang B, Yan Y, Tong W, Zhou R, Zhang J, Mi J, Li D. Palmitoleic Acid Protects against Hypertension by Inhibiting NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001025. [PMID: 33865240 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The role of palmitoleic acid (POA) in hypertension or blood pressure remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the epidemiological association between circulating POA and primary hypertension in humans, and subsequently evaluate the effects of exogenous POA on blood pressure and aortic remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). METHODS AND RESULTS A case-control study of 349 hypertensive and 1396 normotensive children and adolescents is conducted, and found hypertensive cases show significant lower erythrocyte phospholipid POA than normotensive controls (p < 0.001). In conditional logistic regression model, participants in the top quartile of POA have a lower prevalence of primary hypertension than those in the bottom (multivariate-adjusted OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.25-0.89). In animal study, 24 SHRs are randomly assigned to n-3 PUFAs (500 mg kg-1 ), POA (500 mg kg-1 ), or vehicle (olive oil) for 8 weeks. At the end of intervention, as compared to SHRs treated with vehicle, SHRs treated with POA shows significantly decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP), improved aortic remodeling, and also decreased aortic expressions of NF-κB and its downstream proinflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Circulating POA is inversely associated with risk of primary hypertension, and exogenous POA supplementation can decrease SBP and improve aortic remodeling by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Lipids Medicines, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yinkun Yan
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfeng Tong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renke Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Mi
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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