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Hong DH, Jung J, Jo JH, Kim DH, Ryu JY. Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Korean adults: evaluation of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-naphthol, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, and 2-hydroxyfluorene using Second Korean National Environmental Health Survey data. Ann Occup Environ Med 2023; 35:e6. [PMID: 37063599 PMCID: PMC10089814 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are occupational and environmental pollutants generated by the incomplete combustion of organic matter. Exposure to PAHs can occur in various occupations. In this study, we compared PAH exposure levels among occupations based on 4 urinary PAH metabolites in a Korean adult population. Methods The evaluation of occupational exposure to PAHs was conducted using Second Korean National Environmental Health Survey data. The occupational groups were classified based on skill types. Four urinary PAH metabolites were used to evaluate PAH exposure: 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 2-naphthol (2-NAP), 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (1-OHPHE), and 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHFLU). The fraction exceeding the third quartile of urinary concentration for each PAH metabolite was assessed for each occupational group. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for exceeding the third quartile of urinary PAH metabolite concentration were calculated for each occupational group compared to the "business, administrative, clerical, financial, and insurance" group using multiple logistic regression analyses. Results The "guard and security" (OR: 2.949; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.300-6.691), "driving and transportation" (OR: 2.487; 95% CI: 1.418-4.364), "construction and mining" (OR: 2.683; 95% CI: 1.547-4.655), and "agriculture, forestry, and fisheries" (OR: 1.973; 95% CI: 1.220-3.191) groups had significantly higher ORs for 1-OHP compared to the reference group. No group showed significantly higher ORs than the reference group for 2-NAP. The groups with significantly higher ORs for 1-OHPHE than the reference group were "cooking and food service" (OR: 2.073; 95% CI: 1.208-3.556), "driving and transportation" (OR: 1.724; 95% CI: 1.059-2.808), and "printing, wood, and craft manufacturing" (OR: 2.255; 95% CI: 1.022-4.974). The OR for 2-OHFLU was significantly higher in the "printing, wood, and craft manufacturing" group (OR: 3.109; 95% CI: 1.335-7.241) than in the reference group. Conclusions The types and levels of PAH exposure differed among occupational groups in a Korean adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Hong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jongwon Jung
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Jo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Young Ryu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
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Singh D, Tassew DD, Nelson J, Chalbot MCG, Kavouras IG, Demokritou P, Tesfaigzi Y. Development of an Integrated Platform to Assess the Physicochemical and Toxicological Properties of Wood Combustion Particulate Matter. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1541-1557. [PMID: 36066868 PMCID: PMC9491341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Wood burning contributes to indoor and ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution and has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Here, we present an integrated methodology that allows to generate, sample, and characterize wood smoke derived from different moisture contents and representative combustion conditions using pine wood as a model. Flaming, smoldering, and incomplete combustion were assessed for low-moisture pine, whereas both low-moisture pine and high-moisture pine were investigated under flaming conditions. Real-time monitoring of carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, and aerosol number concentration/size in wood smoke was performed. The PM was size-fractionated, sampled, and characterized for elemental/organic carbon, organic functional groups, and inorganic elements. Bioactivity of PM was assessed by measuring the sterile alpha motif (SAM) pointed domain containing ETS (E-twenty-six) transcription factor (SPDEF) gene promoter activity in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293T) cells, a biomarker for mucin gene expression. Findings showed that moisture content and combustion condition significantly affected the organic and inorganic elemental composition of PM0.1 as well as its bioactivity. Also, for a given moisture and combustion scenario, PM chemistry and bioactivity differed considerably with PM size. Importantly, PM0.1 from flaming combustion of low-moisture pine contained the highest abundance of the oxygenated saturated aliphatic functional group [H-C-O] and was also biologically most potent in stimulating SPDEF promoter activity, suggesting the role of organic compounds such as carbohydrates and sugar alcohols (that contain [H-C-O]) in driving mucus-related respiratory outcomes. Our platform enables further well-controlled parametric studies using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches to link wood burning parameters with acute and chronic inhalation health effects of wood smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilpreet Singh
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Dereje Damte Tassew
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jordan Nelson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35216
| | - Marie-Cecile G. Chalbot
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35216
| | - Ilias G. Kavouras
- Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, 55 West 125th Street, New York, NY 10027
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Yohannes Tesfaigzi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115
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Cruzado Perez J, Di Bella A, Juvet F. Chronic oesophagitis, oesophageal laceration and gastritis in a Dalmatian after ingestion of medium‐density fibreboard. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Cruzado Perez
- Department of Internal Medicine Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists Ringwood UK
| | - Andrea Di Bella
- Department of Internal Medicine Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists Ringwood UK
| | - Florence Juvet
- Department of Internal Medicine Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists Ringwood UK
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Gustavo Adolfo GF, Wolf-Anno B, Martin R, Christina S. Co-composting of biochar and nitrogen-poor organic residues: Nitrogen losses and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 143:84-94. [PMID: 35240450 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Composting recycles nutrients and biodegrades organic pollutants, but often results in N leaching. Biochar can enhance the composting process and reduce N losses. Research, however, has focused on composting N-rich residues; also, information on the fate of biochar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during composting is scarce. We explored the composting of biochar with N-poor organic residues as a strategy to reduce N losses and biochar PAHs. A small-scale composting experiment was performed with three treatments: 100% yard residues and two mixtures of 85% yard residues and 15% gasification- or pyrolysis-derived biochar. Temperatures were recorded daily during composting and Nlosses and changes in PAHs loads were calculated. Results across all treatments showed overall low N losses, likely caused by low temperatures and N contents, circumneutral pH values, and absence of leachate, and simultaneous immobilization and mineralization of PAH contents. Treatments with biochar showed a slower release of inorganic N (NO3--N and NH4+-N), although they also had overall lower inorganic N contents. This slower release of inorganic N may relate to biochar's high surface area. We conclude that biochar provides valuable benefits for N-poor composting, and that composting should be further explored as a promising strategy to reduce the contents of PAHs in biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gutiérrez-Fernández Gustavo Adolfo
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
| | | | - Ricker Martin
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
| | - Siebe Christina
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
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Díaz de León-Martínez L, Ortega-Romero M, Gavilán-García A, Barbier OC, Carrizalez-Yáñez L, Van-Brusel E, Díaz-Barriga F, Flores-Ramírez R. Assessment of biomarkers of early kidney damage and exposure to pollutants in artisanal mercury mining workers from Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:13333-13343. [PMID: 34590225 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Artisanal mercury mining (AMM) is an informal economic activity that employs low technology and limited protection, and poses a risk to workers and their families; due to the extraction process, these scenarios involve exposure to complex mixtures of pollutants that synergistically aggravate the health of miners and people living near the site. Although mercury is the predominant pollutant, there are others such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), toluene, arsenic, and lead which have been classified as nephrotoxic pollutants. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the association between exposure to a complex mixture of pollutants (mercury, lead, arsenic, PAHs, and toluene) and kidney damage in artisanal Hg mining workers through early kidney damage proteins (KIM-1, OPN, RBP-4, NGAL, and Cys-C). The results demonstrate the presence of OH-PAHs at concentrations of 9.21 (6.57-80.63) μg/L, hippuric acid as a biomarker of exposure to toluene, As and Pb (655. 1 (203.8-1231) mg/L, 24.05 (1.24-42.98) g/g creatinine, and 4.74 (2.71-8.14) g/dL, respectively), and urinary Hg (503.4 (177.9-878.7) g/g creatinine) in the study population. As well as biomarkers of kidney damage, NGAL and RPB-4 were found in 100% of the samples, KIM-1 and Cys-C in 44.1%, and OPN in 41% of the miners. Significant correlations were found between several of the evaluated pollutants and early kidney damage proteins. Our results demonstrate the application of the early kidney damage biomarkers for the assessment of damage caused by the exposure to mixtures of pollutants and, therefore, the urgent need for monitoring in AMM areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Díaz de León-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Manolo Ortega-Romero
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Arturo Gavilán-García
- National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change, SEMARNAT, Blvd. Adolfo Ruíz Cortines 4209, Jardines en la Montaña, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Olivier C Barbier
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Leticia Carrizalez-Yáñez
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Evelyn Van-Brusel
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Fernando Díaz-Barriga
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- CONACYT Research Fellow, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
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Díaz de León-Martínez L, Flores-Ramírez R, Rodriguez-Aguilar M, Berumen-Rodríguez A, Pérez-Vázquez FJ, Díaz-Barriga F. Analysis of urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in precarious workers of highly exposed occupational scenarios in Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:23087-23098. [PMID: 33442806 PMCID: PMC7806253 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a risk factor for human health. Workers are a vulnerable group due to their high exposure and therefore require special attention to mitigation measurements; however, some groups of workers are especially vulnerable, precarious workers. The objective of this research was to evaluate mixtures of hydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs) in precarious workers in Mexico. The following activities were evaluated: (i) brickmakers (TER), stonemasons (ESC), indigenous workers (TOC) and mercury miners (CAM). Ten OH-PAHS were analyzed: 1-hydroxynaphtalene and 2-hydroxynaphtalene; 2-,3- and 9-hydroxyfluorene; 1-,2-,3- and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene; and 1-hydroxypyrene in urine by GC-MS, chemical fingerprints of the sites were established by multivariate analysis. One hundred forty-nine precarious workers participated in the study. The populations presented total OH-PAHs concentrations of 9.20 (6.65-97.57), 14.8 (9.32-18.85), 15.7 (6.92-195.0), and 101.2 (8.02-134.4) μg/L for CAM, ESC, TER, and TOC, respectively (median (IQR)). The results of the multivariate analysis indicate that the indigenous population presented a different fingerprint compared to the three scenarios. The chemical fingerprints among the brickmakers and mercury mining population were similar. The results of the concentrations were similar and in some metabolites higher than workers in occupations classified as carcinogenic by the IARC; therefore, the control of exposure in these occupations acquires great importance and surveillance through biological monitoring of OH-PAHs should be applied to better estimate exposure in these working populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Díaz de León-Martínez
- Center for Applied Research on Environment and Health (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, CP 78210, SLP, México
| | - Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, CP 78210, SLP, México.
| | | | - Alejandra Berumen-Rodríguez
- Center for Applied Research on Environment and Health (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, CP 78210, SLP, México
| | - Francisco J Pérez-Vázquez
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, CP 78210, SLP, México
| | - Fernando Díaz-Barriga
- Center for Applied Research on Environment and Health (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, CP 78210, SLP, México
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Hopf NB, Danuser B, Bolognesi C, Wild P. Age related micronuclei frequency ranges in buccal and nasal cells in a healthy population. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 180:108824. [PMID: 31634720 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micronuclei (MNs) are extranuclear DNA-containing bodies and determining MN frequencies is a measure of genomic instability. An age-related increase in MN frequencies in lymphocytes has been quantified, but this effect has not yet been measured in nasal and buccal cells. METHODS We determined the effect of age on the MN frequency distributions in buccal and nasal cells among a sample of a general adult population in Switzerland. To maximize the power to detect an effect of age in our population study, we recruited preferentially younger and older working age adults. We harvested buccal and nasal cells from 32 young (19-36 year) and 33 working age (47-71 years) participants. The collected cells were washed, centrifuged, and stained (Feulgen) before microscopic manual counting in 2000 cells. Based on these results, we developed an age-dependent background MN frequency chart to help interpret an individual's MN frequency score as an early signal for the effect of genotoxic exposure. RESULTS MN frequencies were respectively 0.53‰ and 0.47‰ for buccal and nasal among the younger and 0.87‰ and 1.03‰ in the older working age group. This corresponded to a multiplicative slope of 14% and 20% per 10 years of age for buccal and nasal cells, respectively. CONCLUSION Based on our study results, we are able to propose an approach for interpreting an individual's MN screening results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy B Hopf
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Formerly IST, Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Brigitta Danuser
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Formerly IST, Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Claudia Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Pascal Wild
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Formerly IST, Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland; INRS, French Institute for Research and Safety, Vandoeuvre, France.
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Hopf NB, Bolognesi C, Danuser B, Wild P. Biological monitoring of workers exposed to carcinogens using the buccal micronucleus approach: A systematic review and meta-analysis. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 781:11-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ma Y, Liu A, Egodawatta P, McGree J, Goonetilleke A. Assessment and management of human health risk from toxic metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban stormwater arising from anthropogenic activities and traffic congestion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:202-211. [PMID: 27847187 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Toxic metals (TMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban stormwater pose risk to human health, thereby constraining its reuse potential. Based on the hypothesis that stormwater quality is primarily influenced by anthropogenic activities and traffic congestion, the primary focus of the research study was to analyse the impacts on human health risk from TMs and PAHs in urban stormwater and thereby develop a quantitative risk assessment model. The study found that anthropogenic activities and traffic congestion exert influence on the risk posed by TMs and PAHs in stormwater from commercial and residential areas. Motor vehicle related businesses (FVS) and traffic congestion (TC) were identified as two parameters which need to be included as independent variables to improve the model. Based on the study outcomes, approaches for mitigating the risk associated with TMs and PAHs in urban stormwater are discussed. Additionally, a roadmap is presented for the assessment and management of the risk arising from these pollutants. The study outcomes are expected to contribute to reducing the human health risk associated urban stormwater pollution and thereby enhance its reuse potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China; Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, 4001, Queensland, Australia
| | - An Liu
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, 4001, Queensland, Australia; College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China.
| | - Prasanna Egodawatta
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, 4001, Queensland, Australia
| | - James McGree
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, 4001, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ashantha Goonetilleke
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, 4001, Queensland, Australia
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Ma Y, Liu A, Egodawatta P, McGree J, Goonetilleke A. Quantitative assessment of human health risk posed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban road dust. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:895-904. [PMID: 27666473 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Among the numerous pollutants present in urban road dust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most toxic chemical pollutants and can pose cancer risk to humans. The primary aim of the study was to develop a quantitative model to assess the cancer risk from PAHs in urban road dust based on traffic and land use factors and thereby to characterise the risk posed by PAHs in fine (<150μm) and coarse (>150μm) particles. The risk posed by PAHs was quantified as incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), which was modelled as a function of traffic volume and percentages of different urban land uses. The study outcomes highlighted the fact that cancer risk from PAHs in urban road dust is primarily influenced by PAHs associated with fine solids. Heavy PAHs with 5 to 6 benzene rings, especially dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (D[a]A) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in the mixture contribute most to the risk. The quantitative model developed based on traffic and land use factors will contribute to informed decision making in relation to the management of risk posed by PAHs in urban road dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China; Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia
| | - An Liu
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia; College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China.
| | - Prasanna Egodawatta
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia
| | - James McGree
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ashantha Goonetilleke
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia
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Bruschweiler ED, Wild P, Huynh CK, Savova-Bianchi D, Danuser B, Hopf NB. DNA Damage among Wood Workers Assessed with the Comet Assay. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2016; 10:105-12. [PMID: 27398027 PMCID: PMC4927022 DOI: 10.4137/ehi.s38344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to wood dust, a human carcinogen, is common in wood-related industries, and millions of workers are occupationally exposed to wood dust worldwide. The comet assay is a rapid, simple, and sensitive method for determining DNA damage. The objective of this study was to investigate the DNA damage associated with occupational exposure to wood dust using the comet assay (peripheral blood samples) among nonsmoking wood workers (n = 31, furniture and construction workers) and controls (n = 19). DNA damage was greater in the group exposed to composite wood products compared to the group exposed to natural woods and controls (P < 0.001). No difference in DNA damage was observed between workers exposed to natural woods and controls (P = 0.13). Duration of exposure and current dust concentrations had no effect on DNA damage. In future studies, workers' exposures should include cumulative dust concentrations and exposures originating from the binders used in composite wood products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pascal Wild
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Research and Safety (INRS), Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | | | | | | | - Nancy B. Hopf
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Bruschweiler ED, Hopf NB, Wild P, Huynh CK, Fenech M, Thomas P, Hor M, Charriere N, Savova-Bianchi D, Danuser B. Workers exposed to wood dust have an increased micronucleus frequency in nasal and buccal cells: results from a pilot study. Mutagenesis 2014; 29:201-7. [PMID: 24603450 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wood dust is recognised as a human carcinogen, based on the strong association of wood dust exposure and the elevated risk of malignant tumours of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses [sino-nasal cancer (SNC)]. The study aimed to assess genetic damage in workers exposed to wood dust using biomarkers in both buccal and nasal cells that reflect genome instability events, cellular proliferation and cell death frequencies. Nasal and buccal epithelial cells were collected from 31 parquet layers, installers, carpenters and furniture workers (exposed group) and 19 non-exposed workers located in Switzerland. Micronucleus (MN) frequencies were scored in nasal and buccal cells collected among woodworkers. Other nuclear anomalies in buccal cells were measured through the use of the buccal micronucleus cytome assay. MN frequencies in nasal and buccal cells were significantly higher in the exposed group compared to the non-exposed group; odds ratio for nasal cells 3.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8-5.1] and buccal cells 1.8 (95% CI 1.3-2.4). The exposed group had higher frequencies of cells with nuclear buds, karyorrhectic, pyknotic, karyolytic cells and a decrease in the frequency of basal, binucleated and condensed cells compared to the non-exposed group. Our study confirms that woodworkers have an elevated risk for chromosomal instability in cells of the aerodigestive tract. The MN assay in nasal cells may become a relevant biomonitoring tool in the future for early detection of SNC risk. Future studies should seek to standardise the protocol for MN frequency in nasal cells similar to that for MN in buccal cells.
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