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Ge Q, Zhang ZY, Li SN, Ma JQ, Zhao Z. Liquid biopsy: Comprehensive overview of circulating tumor DNA (Review). Oncol Lett 2024; 28:548. [PMID: 39319213 PMCID: PMC11420644 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional tumor diagnosis methods rely on tissue biopsy, which can be invasive and unsuitable for long-term monitoring of tumor dynamics. The advent of liquid biopsy has notably improved the overall management of patients with cancer. Liquid biopsy techniques primarily involve detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). The present review focuses on ctDNA because of its significance in tumor diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. The use of ctDNA-based liquid biopsy offers several advantages, including non-invasive or minimally invasive collection methods, the ability to conduct repeated assessment and comprehensive insights into tumor biology. It serves crucial roles in disease management by facilitating screening of high-risk patients, dynamically monitoring therapeutic responses and diagnosis. Furthermore, ctDNA can be used to demonstrate pseudo-progression, monitor postoperative tumor status and guide adaptive treatment plans. The present study provides a comprehensive review of ctDNA, exploring its origins, metabolism, detection methods, clinical role and the current challenges associated with its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ge
- Graduate School, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yun Zhang
- Graduate School, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Suo-Ni Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Qun Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
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Ghiyasimoghaddam N, Shayan N, Mirkatuli HA, Baghbani M, Ameli N, Ashari Z, Mohtasham N. Does circulating tumor DNA apply as a reliable biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma? Discov Oncol 2024; 15:427. [PMID: 39259454 PMCID: PMC11390992 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity cancer is the most common type of head and neck cancer. There is no definitive standard diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment response biomarker panel based on simple, specific, non-invasive, and reliable methods for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. On the other hand, the frequent post-treatment biopsies make it challenging to discriminate residual disease or recurrent tumors following postoperative reparative and post-radiation changes. Saliva, blood plasma, and serum samples were commonly used to monitor HNSCC through liquid biopsies. Based on the evidence, the most prominent molecular-based fluid biomarker, such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), has potential applications for early cancer diagnosis, screening, patient management, and surveillance. ctDNA showed genomic and epigenomic changes and the status of human papillomavirus (HPV) with the real-time monitoring of tumor status through cancer therapy. Due to the intra and inter-tumor heterogeneity of tumor cells like cancer stem cells (CSCs) and tumor microenvironment (TME) in HNSCC, the tiny tissue biopsy cannot reflect all genomic and transcriptomic abnormality. Most liquid biopsies are applied to detect circulating molecular biomarkers consisting of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), ctDNA, microRNA, mRNA, and exosome for monitoring tumor progression. Based on the results of previous studies, liquid biopsy can be applied for comprehensive multi-omic discovery by assessing the predictive value of ctDNA in both early and advanced cancers. Liquid biopsy can be used to evaluate molecular signature profiles in HNSCC patients, with great potential to help in early diagnosis, prognosis, surveillance, and treatment monitoring of tumors. These happen by designing longitudinal extensive cohort studies and the utility of organoid technology that promotes the context of personalized and precision cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Ghiyasimoghaddam
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Bohlool Hospital, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Navidreza Shayan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Nima Ameli
- Sinus and Surgical Endoscopic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zeynab Ashari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular (Genetic), Faculty of Biology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Nooshin Mohtasham
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 9177948959, Mashhad, Iran.
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3
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Huang FF, Di XF, Bai MH. Analysis of urine cell-free DNA in bladder cancer diagnosis by emerging bioactive technologies and materials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1458362. [PMID: 39295845 PMCID: PMC11408225 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1458362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary cell-free DNA (UcfDNA) is gaining recognition as an important biomarker for diagnosing bladder cancer. UcfDNA contains tumor derived DNA sequences, making it a viable candidate for non-invasive early detection, diagnosis, and surveillance of bladder cancer. The quantification and qualification of UcfDNA have demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in the molecular characterization of bladder cancer. However, precise analysis of UcfDNA for clinical bladder cancer diagnosis remains challenging. This review summarizes the history of UcfDNA discovery, its biological properties, and the quantitative and qualitative evaluations of UcfDNA for its clinical significance and utility in bladder cancer patients, emphasizing the critical role of UcfDNA in bladder cancer diagnosis. Emerging bioactive technologies and materials currently offer promising tools for multiple UcfDNA analysis, aiming to achieve more precise and efficient capture of UcfDNA, thereby significantly enhancing diagnostic accuracy. This review also highlights breakthroughs in detection technologies and substrates with the potential to revolutionize bladder cancer diagnosis in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Huang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Di
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mo-Han Bai
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Tolani MA, Zubairu IH, Balarabe K, Awaisu M, Abdullahi M, Adeniji AA, Umar SS, Bello A, Tagawa ST. Barriers and facilitators of the application of precision medicine to the genitourinary cancer care pathway: Perspective from a low- and middle- income country in sub-Saharan Africa. Urol Oncol 2024:S1078-1439(24)00567-2. [PMID: 39183140 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The benefit of the delivery of the right form of cancer care, tailored to the right patient, at the right time is increasingly being recognized in the global oncology community. Information on the role and feasible potential of precision oncology during the management of genitourinary cancer in Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa, is limited. This article, therefore, describes the present application of personalized medicine in Nigeria and its barriers and facilitators. It provided granular details on manpower distribution and epidemiological disparities. It also explored the use of clinical and biological markers for screening and early diagnosis, the application of team science to support genomic profiling, cost-effective approaches for image-based phenotypic precision oncology, the emerging role of molecular imaging, access to clinical trials; and their potential to support data driven diagnosis, treatment decision and care availability in order to address gaps in genitourinary cancer management in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musliu Adetola Tolani
- College of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria.
| | - Ismail Hadi Zubairu
- College of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Honourable Mukhtar Aliyu Betara Centre of Excellence in Oncology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Kabir Balarabe
- College of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mudi Awaisu
- College of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mubarak Abdullahi
- College of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Radiology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Shehu Salihu Umar
- College of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Honourable Mukhtar Aliyu Betara Centre of Excellence in Oncology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Ahmad Bello
- College of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Scott T Tagawa
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, United States
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5
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Linscott JA, Miyagi H, Murthy PB, Yao S, Grass GD, Vosoughi A, Xu H, Wang X, Yu X, Yu A, Zemp L, Gilbert SM, Poch MA, Sexton WJ, Spiess PE, Li R. From Detection to Cure - Emerging Roles for Urinary Tumor DNA (utDNA) in Bladder Cancer. Curr Oncol Rep 2024; 26:945-958. [PMID: 38837106 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review sought to define the emerging roles of urinary tumor DNA (utDNA) for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of bladder cancer. Building from early landmark studies the focus is on recent studies, highlighting how utDNA could aid personalized care. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research underscores the potential for utDNA to be the premiere biomarker in bladder cancer due to the constant interface between urine and tumor. Many studies find utDNA to be more informative than other biomarkers in bladder cancer, especially in early stages of disease. Points of emphasis include superior sensitivity over traditional urine cytology, broad genomic and epigenetic insights, and the potential for non-invasive, real-time analysis of tumor biology. utDNA shows promise for improving all phases of bladder cancer care, paving the way for personalized treatment strategies. Building from current research, future comprehensive clinical trials will validate utDNA's clinical utility, potentially revolutionizing bladder cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Linscott
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Hiroko Miyagi
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Prithvi B Murthy
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sijie Yao
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - G Daniel Grass
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Aram Vosoughi
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hongzhi Xu
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alice Yu
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Logan Zemp
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Scott M Gilbert
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael A Poch
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wade J Sexton
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Philippe E Spiess
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Roger Li
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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Jopek MA, Pastuszak K, Sieczczyński M, Cygert S, Żaczek AJ, Rondina MT, Supernat A. Improving platelet-RNA-based diagnostics: a comparative analysis of machine learning models for cancer detection and multiclass classification. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38887841 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy demonstrates excellent potential in patient management by providing a minimally invasive and cost-effective approach to detecting and monitoring cancer, even at its early stages. Due to the complexity of liquid biopsy data, machine-learning techniques are increasingly gaining attention in sample analysis, especially for multidimensional data such as RNA expression profiles. Yet, there is no agreement in the community on which methods are the most effective or how to process the data. To circumvent this, we performed a large-scale study using various machine-learning techniques. First, we took a closer look at existing datasets and filtered out some patients to assert data collection quality. The final data collection included platelet RNA samples acquired from 1397 cancer patients (17 types of cancer) and 354 asymptomatic, presumed healthy, donors. Then, we assessed an array of different machine-learning models and techniques (e.g., feature selection of RNA transcripts) in pan-cancer detection and multiclass classification. Our results show that simple logistic regression performs the best, reaching a 68% cancer detection rate at a 99% specificity level, and multiclass classification accuracy of 79.38% when distinguishing between five cancer types. In summary, by revisiting classical machine-learning models, we have exceeded the previously used method by 5% and 9.65% in cancer detection and multiclass classification, respectively. To ease further research, we open-source our code and data processing pipelines (https://gitlab.com/jopekmaksym/improving-platelet-rna-based-diagnostics), which we hope will serve the community as a strong baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym A Jopek
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and the Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
- Centre of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pastuszak
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and the Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
- Centre of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Algorithms and Systems Modelling, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
| | - Michał Sieczczyński
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and the Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
- Centre of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sebastian Cygert
- Department of Multimedia Systems, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
- Ideas, NCBR, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna J Żaczek
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and the Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine and the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna Supernat
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and the Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
- Centre of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
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Satyal U, Valentine H, Liu D, Slifker M, Lallas CD, Trabulsi EJ, Bukavina L, Szeto L, Hoffman-Censits JH, Mouw KW, Faltas BM, Grivas P, Ibragimova I, Porten SP, Van Allen EM, Geynisman DM, Parker DC, O'Neill JP, Drevik J, Christianson SS, Ginzburg S, Correa AF, Uzzo RG, Ross EA, Zibelman MR, Ghatalia P, Plimack ER, Kutikov A, Abbosh PH. Urine Biopsy as Dynamic Biomarker to Enhance Clinical Staging of Bladder Cancer in Radical Cystectomy Candidates. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2300362. [PMID: 38865671 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is significant interest in identifying complete responders to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) before radical cystectomy (RC) to potentially avoid removal of a pathologically benign bladder. However, clinical restaging after NAC is highly inaccurate. The objective of this study was to develop a next-generation sequencing-based molecular assay using urine to enhance clinical staging of patients with bladder cancer. METHODS Urine samples from 20 and 44 patients with bladder cancer undergoing RC were prospectively collected for retrospective analysis for molecular correlate analysis from two clinical trials, respectively. The first cohort was used to benchmark the assay, and the second was used to determine the performance characteristics of the test as it correlates to responder status as measured by pathologic examination. RESULTS First, to benchmark the assay, known mutations identified in the tissue (MT) of patients from the Accelerated Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, Cisplatin trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01611662, n = 16) and a cohort from University of California-San Francisco (n = 4) were cross referenced against mutation profiles from urine (MU). We then determined the correlation between MU persistence and residual disease in pre-RC urine samples from a second prospective clinical trial (The pT0 trial; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02968732). Residual MU status correlated strongly with residual disease status (pT0 trial; n = 44; P = .0092) when MU from urine supernatant and urine pellet were assessed separately and analyzed in tandem. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 91%, 50%, 86%, and 63% respectively, with an overall accuracy of 82% for this second cohort. CONCLUSION MU are representative of MT and thus can be used to enhance clinical staging of urothelial carcinoma. Urine biopsy may be used as a reliable tool that can be further developed to identify complete response to NAC in anticipation of safe RC avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Costas D Lallas
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Edouard J Trabulsi
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Urology, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Lauren Szeto
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jean H Hoffman-Censits
- Department of Urology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kent W Mouw
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Bishoy M Faltas
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Petros Grivas
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Sima P Porten
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Eliezer M Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Daniel C Parker
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center & The Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | | | - Johnathan Drevik
- Department of Urology, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Serge Ginzburg
- Department of Urology, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Philip H Abbosh
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Urology, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
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Xu J, Zhao Y, Chen Z, Wei L. Clinical Application of Different Liquid Biopsy Components in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Pers Med 2024; 14:420. [PMID: 38673047 PMCID: PMC11051574 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14040420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer, usually occurring in the background of chronic liver disease. HCC lethality rate is in the third highest place in the world. Patients with HCC have concealed early symptoms and possess a high-level of heterogeneity. Once diagnosed, most of the tumors are in advanced stages and have a poor prognosis. The sensitivity and specificity of existing detection modalities and protocols are suboptimal. HCC calls for more sophisticated and individualized therapeutic regimens. Liquid biopsy is non-invasive, repeatable, unaffected by location, and can be monitored dynamically. It has emerged as a useable aid in achieving precision malignant tumor treatment. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating nucleic acids, exosomes and tumor-educated platelets are the commonest components of a liquid biopsy. It possesses the theoretical ability to conquer the high heterogeneity and the difficulty of early detection for HCC patients. In this review, we summarize the common enrichment techniques and the clinical applications in HCC for different liquid biopsy components. Tumor recurrence after HCC-related liver transplantation is more insidious and difficult to treat. The clinical use of liquid biopsy in HCC-related liver transplantation is also summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lai Wei
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China; (J.X.); (Y.Z.); (Z.C.)
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9
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Katims AB, Gaffney C, Firouzi S, Yip W, Aulitzky A, Pietzak EJ, Donat SM, Bochner BH, Donahue TF, Herr HW, Dalbagni G, Al-Ahmadie H, Kim K, Solit DB, Lin O, Coleman JA. Feasibility and tissue concordance of genomic sequencing of urinary cytology in upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2023; 41:433.e19-433.e24. [PMID: 37640571 PMCID: PMC11177811 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited ability to accurately diagnose and clinically stage patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). The most easily available and widely used urinary biomarker is urine cytology, which evaluates cellular material yet lacks sensitivity. We sought to assess the feasibility of performing next-generation sequencing (NGS) on urine cytology specimens from patients with UTUC and evaluate the genomic concordance with tissue from primary tumor. METHODS In this retrospective study, we identified 48 patients with a diagnosis of UTUC treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) between 2019 and 2022 who had banked or fresh urine samples. A convenience cohort of matching, previously sequenced tumor tissue was used when available. Urine specimens were processed and the residual material, including precipitated cell-free DNA, was sequenced using our tumor-naïve, targeted exome sequencing platform that evaluates 505 cancer-related genes (MSK-IMPACT). The primary outcome was at least 1 detectable mutation in urinary cytology specimens. The secondary outcome was concordance to matched tissue (using ANOVA or Chi-Square, as indicated). RESULTS Genomic sequencing was successful for 45 (94%) of the 48 urinary cytology patient samples. The most common mutations identified were TERT (62.2%), KMT2D (46.7%), and FGFR3 (35.6%). All patients with negative urine cytology and low-grade tissue had successful cytology sequencing. Thirty-six of the 45 patients had matching tumor tissue available; concordance to matched tissue was 55% overall (131 of the total 238 oncogenic or likely oncogenic somatic mutations identified). However, in 94.4% (n = 34/36) of patients, the cytology had at least 1 shared mutation with tissue. Eleven (30.6%) patients had 100% concordance between cytology and tissue. CONCLUSIONS Sequencing urinary specimens from selective UTUC cytology is feasible in nearly all patients with UTUC. Prospective studies are underway to investigate a clinical role for this promising technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Katims
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Christopher Gaffney
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sanaz Firouzi
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Wesley Yip
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Andreas Aulitzky
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Eugene J Pietzak
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - S Machele Donat
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Bernard H Bochner
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Timothy F Donahue
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Harry W Herr
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Guido Dalbagni
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Hikmat Al-Ahmadie
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Kwanghee Kim
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - David B Solit
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Oscar Lin
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan A Coleman
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
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10
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Wu S, Li R, Jiang Y, Yu J, Zheng J, Li Z, Li M, Xin K, Wang Y, Xu Z, Li S, Chen X. Liquid biopsy in urothelial carcinoma: Detection techniques and clinical applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115027. [PMID: 37354812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The types of urothelial carcinoma (UC) include urothelial bladder cancer and upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Current diagnostic techniques cannot meet the needs of patients. Liquid biopsy is an accurate method of determining the molecular profile of UC and is a cutting-edge and popular technique that is expected to complement existing detection techniques and benefit patients with UC. Circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNA, cell-free RNA, extracellular vesicles, proteins, and metabolites can be found in the blood, urine, or other bodily fluids and are examined during liquid biopsies. This article focuses on the components of liquid biopsies and their clinical applications in UC. Liquid biopsies have tremendous potential in multiple aspects of precision oncology, from early diagnosis and treatment monitoring to predicting prognoses. They may therefore play an important role in the management of UC and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Yuanhong Jiang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Jiazheng Yu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Jianyi Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Kerong Xin
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China.
| | - Zhenqun Xu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Shijie Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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11
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Hanžek A, Siatka C, Duc ACE. Extracellular urinary microRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers of endometrial and ovarian cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:7981-7993. [PMID: 36914786 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gynecological cancers account for a large number of cancer-related deaths in women. Endometrial cancer is the most prevalent, while ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological cancer worldwide. To overcome the clinical need for easy and rapid testing, there is a growing interest in cancer detection in non-invasive modalities. With a growing field of liquid biopsy, urine became interesting source of cancer biomarkers. OBJECTIVES The aim of this manuscript is to provide an overview on the origin, analysis and the clinical significance of urine microRNAs in gynecological cancers, with a focus on ovarian and endometrial cancer. MicroRNAs, a class of small non-coding nucleic acids, are emerging as a non-invasive biomarkers due to the feasibility and the extreme stability in body fluids. Specific miRNA expression signatures have been previously identified in ovarian and endometrial cancer. RESULTS The aim of this manuscript is to provide an overview on the origin, analysis and the clinical significance of urine microRNAs in gynecological cancers, with the focus on ovarian and endometrial cancer. CONCLUSION: The advantages and limitations of urine microRNA utility and technologies are discussed. Previously detected microRNA from urine of the patients are summarized to evaluate their potential as non-invasive clinical biomarkers in gynecological oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonija Hanžek
- UPR CHROME, Université de Nîmes, CEDEX 1, 30021, Nîmes, France
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12
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Rose KM, Huelster HL, Meeks JJ, Faltas BM, Sonpavde GP, Lerner SP, Ross JS, Spiess PE, Grass GD, Jain RK, Kamat AM, Vosoughi A, Wang L, Wang X, Li R. Circulating and urinary tumour DNA in urothelial carcinoma - upper tract, lower tract and metastatic disease. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:406-419. [PMID: 36977797 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine has transformed the way urothelial carcinoma is managed. However, current practices are limited by the availability of tissue samples for genomic profiling and the spatial and temporal molecular heterogeneity observed in many studies. Among rapidly advancing genomic sequencing technologies, non-invasive liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising diagnostic tool to reproduce tumour genomics, and has shown potential to be integrated in several aspects of clinical care. In urothelial carcinoma, liquid biopsies such as plasma circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) and urinary tumour DNA (utDNA) have been investigated as a surrogates for tumour biopsies and might bridge many shortfalls currently faced by clinicians. Both ctDNA and utDNA seem really promising in urothelial carcinoma diagnosis, staging and prognosis, response to therapy monitoring, detection of minimal residual disease and surveillance. The use of liquid biopsies in patients with urothelial carcinoma could further advance precision medicine in this population, facilitating personalized patient monitoring through non-invasive assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Rose
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Heather L Huelster
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joshua J Meeks
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bishoy M Faltas
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Weill-Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guru P Sonpavde
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seth P Lerner
- Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Ross
- Foundation Medicine, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Philippe E Spiess
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - G Daniel Grass
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rohit K Jain
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ashish M Kamat
- Department of Urology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aram Vosoughi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Tumour Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics/Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Roger Li
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
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13
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Pilotto Heming C, Niemeyer Filho P, Moura-Neto V, Aran V. Recent advances in the use of liquid biopsy to fight central nervous system tumors. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 35:100709. [PMID: 37088042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumors are considered one of the deadliest types of cancer, being challenging to treat, especially due to the blood-brain barrier, which has been linked to treatment resistance. The genomic classification of brain tumors has been helping in the diagnostic precision, however tumor heterogeneity in addition to the difficulties to obtain tissue biopsies, represent a challenge. The biopsies are usually obtained either via neurosurgical removal or stereotactic tissue biopsy, which can be risky procedures for the patient. To overcome these challenges, liquid biopsy has become an interesting option by constituting a safer procedure than conventional biopsy, which may offer valuable cellular and molecular information representative of the whole organism. Besides, it is relatively easy to obtain such as in the case of blood (venipuncture) and urine sample collection. In the present comprehensive review, we discuss the newest information regarding liquid biopsy in the brain tumors' field, methods employed, the different sources of bio-fluids and their potential circulating targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pilotto Heming
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), R. do Rezende, 156 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, 20231-092, Brazil
| | - Paulo Niemeyer Filho
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), R. do Rezende, 156 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, 20231-092, Brazil
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), R. do Rezende, 156 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, 20231-092, Brazil
| | - Veronica Aran
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), R. do Rezende, 156 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, 20231-092, Brazil.
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14
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Cui Y, Cao M. Liquid Biopsy in Bladder Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2695:111-120. [PMID: 37450114 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3346-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluid biopsy based on circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), exosome, and circulating RNA in blood and body fluids has gained attention. Here, the recent findings and issues related to liquid biopsy in bladder cancer are discussed, with a focus on CTCs, ctDNA, urinary tumor DNA, exosome, and circulating RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cui
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Muyang Cao
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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15
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Wei X, Cai L, Chen H, Shang L, Zhao Y, Sun W. Noninvasive Multiplexed Analysis of Bladder Cancer-Derived Urine Exosomes via Janus Magnetic Microspheres. Anal Chem 2022; 94:18034-18041. [PMID: 36519619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer greatly endangers human health, and its early diagnosis is of vital importance. Exosomes, which contain proteins and nucleic acids related to their source cells, are expected to be an emerging biomarker for bladder cancer detection. Here, we propose a novel system for multiplexed analysis of bladder cancer-derived urine exosomes based on Janus magnetic microspheres as barcoded microcarriers. The microcarriers are constructed by droplet-templated coassembly of colloidal silica nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles under a magnetic field. The microcarriers possess one hemisphere with structural color and the other hemisphere with magneto-responsiveness. Benefiting from the unique structure, these Janus microcarriers could serve as barcodes and could move controllably in a sample solution, thus realizing the multiplex detection of exosomes with high sensitivity. Notably, the present platform is noninvasive since a urine specimen, as an ideal source of bladder cancer-derived exosomes, is employed as the sample solution. This feature, together with the good sensitivity, specificity, low sample consumption, and easy operation, indicates the great potential of the platform for bladder cancer diagnosis in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou325027, China.,Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing210011, China
| | - Lijun Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Hanxu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Luoran Shang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Weijian Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou325027, China
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El azzouzi M, El ahanidi H, Hafidi Alaoui C, Chaoui I, Benbacer L, Tetou M, Hassan I, Bensaid M, Oukabli M, Ameur A, Al bouzidi A, El mzibri M, Attaleb M. Exploring urine sediments as a non-invasive method for DNA methylation detection in bladder cancer. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s12301-022-00298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The main epigenetic event occurring during the bladder carcinogenesis process is DNA methylation, affecting genes involved in various metabolic pathways and cell regulation. The use of biological fluids such as urine sediments could be used as a non-invasive approach to enhance bladder cancer management. In this study, we aim to determine the promoter methylation status of a panel of genes in bladder cancer on tumor biopsies and urine sediments to evaluate the usefulness of urine samples as a non-invasive approach for methylation status assessment.
Methods
Using the methylation-specific PCR technique, we explored the promoter methylation status of hTERT, TWIST1, VIM and NID2 genes in 40 tumor biopsies and their paired urine samples from Moroccan bladder cancer patients.
Results
In this study, bladder tumors showed promoter hypermethylation frequency of individual genes as 90%, 85%, 62.5% and 72.5% in TWIST1, hTERT, NID2 and VIM genes, respectively.
Interestingly, the specificity of methylation detection in urine samples was 100% and the sensitivity to detect hypermethylation of TWIST1, hTERT, NID2 and VIM genes reached 91.7%; 97.1%; 84% and 82.8%, respectively.
Conclusions
Our results clearly show that the assessment of promoter hypermethylation in urine samples is highly specific and has high sensitivity. Furthermore, urine sediments would be a useful approach to detect the DNA methylation status of genes and its potential association with bladder cancer development.
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17
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Dobre EG, Constantin C, Neagu M. Skin Cancer Research Goes Digital: Looking for Biomarkers within the Droplets. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12071136. [PMID: 35887633 PMCID: PMC9323323 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer, which includes the most frequent malignant non-melanoma carcinomas (basal cell carcinoma, BCC, and squamous cell carcinoma, SCC), along with the difficult to treat cutaneous melanoma (CM), pose important worldwide issues for the health care system. Despite the improved anti-cancer armamentarium and the latest scientific achievements, many skin cancer patients fail to respond to therapies, due to the remarkable heterogeneity of cutaneous tumors, calling for even more sophisticated biomarker discovery and patient monitoring approaches. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), a robust method for detecting and quantifying low-abundance nucleic acids, has recently emerged as a powerful technology for skin cancer analysis in tissue and liquid biopsies (LBs). The ddPCR method, being capable of analyzing various biological samples, has proved to be efficient in studying variations in gene sequences, including copy number variations (CNVs) and point mutations, DNA methylation, circulatory miRNome, and transcriptome dynamics. Moreover, ddPCR can be designed as a dynamic platform for individualized cancer detection and monitoring therapy efficacy. Here, we present the latest scientific studies applying ddPCR in dermato-oncology, highlighting the potential of this technology for skin cancer biomarker discovery and validation in the context of personalized medicine. The benefits and challenges associated with ddPCR implementation in the clinical setting, mainly when analyzing LBs, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Georgiana Dobre
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91–95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
- Pathology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91–95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
- Pathology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
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18
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Aulakh SS, Silverman DA, Young K, Dennis SK, Birkeland AC. The Promise of Circulating Tumor DNA in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2968. [PMID: 35740633 PMCID: PMC9221491 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As the seventh most common cancer globally, head and neck cancers (HNC) exert considerable disease burden, with an estimated 277,597 deaths worldwide in 2020 alone. Traditional risk factors for HNC include tobacco, alcohol, and betel nut; more recently, human papillomavirus has emerged as a distinct driver of disease. Currently, limitations of cancer screening and surveillance methods often lead to identifying HNC in more advanced stages, with associated poor outcomes. Liquid biopsies, in particular circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), offer the potential for enhancing screening, early diagnosis, and surveillance in HNC patients, with potential improvements in HNC patient outcomes. In this review, we examine current methodologies for detecting ctDNA and highlight current research illustrating viral and non-viral ctDNA biomarker utilities in HNC screening, diagnosis, treatment response, and prognosis. We also summarize current challenges and future directions for ctDNA testing in HNC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dustin A. Silverman
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; (D.A.S.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Kurtis Young
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
| | - Steven K. Dennis
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; (D.A.S.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Andrew C. Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; (D.A.S.); (S.K.D.)
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19
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Zhang C, Chao F, Wang S, Han D, Chen G. Cell-free DNA as a Promising Diagnostic Biomarker in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1505087. [PMID: 35669243 PMCID: PMC9166979 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1505087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective The detection of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a part of "liquid biopsy" of prostate cancer (PCa) has been widely explored. However, its diagnostic value for PCa remains controversial. Based on the data from the latest literature published in the past decade, the present review was conducted to clarify the diagnostic value of cfDNA in PCa. Methods The related studies were systematically searched in the databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from January 1, 2010 to December 1, 2020. Sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), and other relative parameters were pooled using a random model. Results 14 eligible studies with 1049 PCa patients and 973 controls were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results demonstrated that cfDNA showed favorable SPE (0.89, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.94) but unsatisfied SEN (0.56, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.68) in the PCa diagnosis. The positive likelihood ratios (PLR), negative likelihood ratios (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratios (DOR) were 5.1 (95% CI: 3.1, 8.5), 0.49 (95% CI: 0.39, 0.63), and 10 (95% CI: 6, 17), respectively. The summary receiver operating characteristic graph (SROC) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.83) was constructed which indicated favorable diagnostic accuracy for PCa. Results of the subgroup analysis and metaregression analysis reminded "ethnicity" and "methylation" might be sources of heterogeneity. The potential publication bias was not found using Deek's funnel plot asymmetry test (p > 0.05). Conclusions Our meta-analysis illustrated that the cfDNA could undertake a promising role in the PCa diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fan Chao
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dunsheng Han
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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20
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Lokeshwar SD, Lopez M, Sarcan S, Aguilar K, Morera DS, Shaheen DM, Lokeshwar BL, Lokeshwar VB. Molecular Oncology of Bladder Cancer from Inception to Modern Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112578. [PMID: 35681556 PMCID: PMC9179261 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the last forty years, seminal contributions have been made in the areas of bladder cancer (BC) biology, driver genes, molecular profiling, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets for improving personalized patient care. This overview includes seminal discoveries and advances in the molecular oncology of BC. Starting with the concept of divergent molecular pathways for the development of low- and high-grade bladder tumors, field cancerization versus clonality of bladder tumors, cancer driver genes/mutations, genetic polymorphisms, and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as an early form of immunotherapy are some of the conceptual contributions towards improving patient care. Although beginning with a promise of predicting prognosis and individualizing treatments, "-omic" approaches and molecular subtypes have revealed the importance of BC stem cells, lineage plasticity, and intra-tumor heterogeneity as the next frontiers for realizing individualized patient care. Along with urine as the optimal non-invasive liquid biopsy, BC is at the forefront of the biomarker field. If the goal is to reduce the number of cystoscopies but not to replace them for monitoring recurrence and asymptomatic microscopic hematuria, a BC marker may reach clinical acceptance. As advances in the molecular oncology of BC continue, the next twenty-five years should significantly advance personalized care for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soum D. Lokeshwar
- Department of Urology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Maite Lopez
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (M.L.); (S.S.); (K.A.); (D.S.M.)
| | - Semih Sarcan
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (M.L.); (S.S.); (K.A.); (D.S.M.)
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karina Aguilar
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (M.L.); (S.S.); (K.A.); (D.S.M.)
| | - Daley S. Morera
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (M.L.); (S.S.); (K.A.); (D.S.M.)
| | - Devin M. Shaheen
- Yale School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Bal L. Lokeshwar
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
- Correspondence: (B.L.L.); (V.B.L.)
| | - Vinata B. Lokeshwar
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (M.L.); (S.S.); (K.A.); (D.S.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.L.); (V.B.L.)
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21
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Upamalika SWAM, Wannige CT, Vidanagamachchi SM, Gunasekara SC, Kolli RT, De Silva PMCS, Kulasiri D, Jayasundara N. A review of molecular mechanisms linked to potential renal injury agents in tropical rural farming communities. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 92:103850. [PMID: 35301132 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is a global health concern primarily impacting tropical farming communities. Although the precise etiology is debated, CKDu is associated with environmental exposures including heat stress and chemical contaminants such as fluoride, heavy metals, and herbicide glyphosate. However, a comprehensive synthesis is lacking on molecular networks underpinning renal damage induced by these factors. Addressing this gap, here we present key molecular events associated with heat and chemical exposures. We identified that caspase activation and lipid peroxidation are common endpoints of glyphosate exposure, while vasopressin and polyol pathways are associated with heat stress and dehydration. Heavy metal exposure is shown to induce lipid peroxidation and endoplasmic reticulum stress from ROS activated MAPK, NFĸB, and caspase. Collectively, we identify that environmental exposure induced increased cellular oxidative stress as a common mechanism mediating renal cell inflammation, apoptosis, and necrosis, likely contributing to CKDu initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ramya Tulasi Kolli
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, NC 27708, United States.
| | | | - Don Kulasiri
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, and Centre for Advanced Computational Solutions (C-fACS), Lincoln University, New Zealand.
| | - Nishad Jayasundara
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, NC 27708, United States.
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22
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Non-invasive diagnostic potential of microRNA-203 in liquid biopsy of urothelial carcinoma of bladder. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2173-2182. [PMID: 35445913 PMCID: PMC9021364 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Increased CD44 antigen activity has been reported in recurrent cases of UBC. To date, no reliable biomarker is available with high significance and specificity for non-invasive detection of UBC. This study aimed to identify a CD44-linked microRNAs (miRNAs) (miR-9, miR-34a, miR-203) for non-invasive diagnosis of bladder cancer from other urinary tract malignancies. The expression of CD44-linked miRNAs was examined in serum, urine, and tissue specimens of Indian UBC patients (N = 25). For this purpose, healthy subjects (N = 25) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (N = 10) patients were taken as controls. The relative expression of miRNAs was analyzed in serum, urine, and tissue samples using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The diagnostic potential of these miRNAs was accessed by plotting ROC curve. Increased miR-9 expression was observed in serum of UBC patients than healthy and BPH controls. In UBC patients, miR-34a expression was lower than healthy controls but non-significant as compared to BPH. miR-203 expression was considerably higher in serum of UBC patients but non-significant as compared to BPH controls. miR-203 was found to be considerably higher in urine samples from UBC patients as compared to BPH and healthy controls. The diagnostic potential of these miRNAs was evaluated using the ROC curve. Higher miR-203 levels in the urine of Indian UBC patients demonstrate its non-invasive diagnostic ability out of the three miRNAs studied. Our results characterize the non-invasive diagnostic potential of CD44-linked miR-203 in the urine of Indian UBC patients, which could be utilized in clinical settings in future after validation in larger patient cohort.
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Kang HW, Byun YJ, Moon SM, Kim K, Piao XM, Zheng CM, Moon SK, Choi YH, Kim WT, Kim YJ, Lee SC, Yun SJ, Kim WJ. Urinary hsv2-miR-H9 to hsa-miR-3659 ratio is an effective marker for discriminating prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia in patients within the prostate-specific antigen grey zone. Investig Clin Urol 2022; 63:238-244. [PMID: 35244999 PMCID: PMC8902421 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20210493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor microRNAs (miRNAs) are released to biofluids directly or indirectly. Although urinary miRNAs are promising non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa), their clinical application is challenging for technical reasons. We examined the efficacy of urinary hsv2-miR-H9 to hsa-miR-3659 ratio as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker of PCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of urinary miRNAs was quantified by real-time PCR in 116 samples from 53 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 63 patients with PCa. The miRNA expression ratio was calculated using an upregulated miRNA (hsv2-miR-H9) as the numerator and a downregulated miRNA (hsa-miR-3659) as the denominator. RESULTS The urinary miR-H9 to miR-3659 ratio was significantly higher in PCa than in BPH controls (p<0.001). The diagnostic accuracy of the urinary miRNA expression ratio was comparable with that of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve comparison, p=0.287). The area under the curve for urinary miRNA expression ratio was 0.862 and that for PSA was 0.642 in the "PSA gray zone" (3-10 ng/mL) (ROC curve comparison, p=0.034). The use of the urinary miRNA expression ratio would have prevented 70.6% of unnecessary prostate biopsies; however, 28.6% of PCa cases could be missed in patients within the PSA gray zone. CONCLUSIONS The expression ratio of urinary miR-H9 to miR-3659 could be a relevant non-invasive biomarker for PCa diagnosis, particularly for patients within the PSA gray zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Won Kang
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young Joon Byun
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sung Min Moon
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyeong Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Xuan-Mei Piao
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Chuang-Ming Zheng
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Won Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yong-June Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Lee
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seok Joong Yun
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
- Institute of Urotech, Cheongju, Korea.
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Santos V, Freitas C, Fernandes MGO, Sousa C, Reboredo C, Cruz-Martins N, Mosquera J, Hespanhol V, Campelo R. Liquid biopsy: the value of different bodily fluids. Biomark Med 2022; 16:127-145. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsies have gained an increasing interest in the last years among medical and scientific communities. Indeed, the value of liquid effusions, while less invasive and more accurate techniques, has been markedly highlighted. Peripheral blood comprises the most often analyzed sample, but recent evidences have pointed out the huge importance of other bodily fluids, including pleural and peritoneal fluids, urine, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid in the detection and monitoring of different tumor types. In face to these advances, this review aims to provide an overview of the value of tumor-associated mutations, detectable in different effusions, and how they can be used in clinical practice, namely in prognosis assessment and early disease and minimal disease recurrence detection, and in predicting the treatment response or acquired-resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Santos
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Freitas
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
| | - Maria GO Fernandes
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
- Institute for Research & Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, 4200135, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology & Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, 4200135, Portugal
| | - Catarina Sousa
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
| | - Cristina Reboredo
- Department of Lung Cancer & Thoracic Tumours, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, As Xubias, 84, 15006, A Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
- Institute for Research & Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, 4200135, Portugal
| | - Joaquín Mosquera
- Department of Lung Cancer & Thoracic Tumours, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, As Xubias, 84, 15006, A Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Venceslau Hespanhol
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
- Institute for Research & Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, 4200135, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology & Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, 4200135, Portugal
| | - Rosário Campelo
- Department of Lung Cancer & Thoracic Tumours, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, As Xubias, 84, 15006, A Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
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Nikas IP, Mountzios G, Sydney GI, Ioakim KJ, Won JK, Papageorgis P. Evaluating Pancreatic and Biliary Neoplasms with Small Biopsy-Based Next Generation Sequencing (NGS): Doing More with Less. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020397. [PMID: 35053560 PMCID: PMC8773813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma are aggressive diseases mostly diagnosed at an advanced and inoperable stage. This review presents the value of next-generation sequencing (NGS) when performed on small biopsies—including fine-needle aspiration/biopsy samples, brushings, pancreatic juice and bile, and also blood—in the field of pancreatobiliary neoplasia. NGS could guide physicians while evaluating pancreatic solid and cystic lesions or suspicious biliary strictures, performing surveillance in high-risk individuals, or monitoring the disease and assessing prognosis in already diagnosed cancer patients. Evidence suggests that NGS performed on small biopsies is a robust tool for the diagnosis and pre-operative risk stratification of pancreatic and biliary lesions, whereas it also carries significant prognostic and therapeutic value. However, effective standardization of the pre-analytical and analytical assay parameters used for each clinical scenario is needed to fully implement NGS into routine practice and provide more personalized management in patients with suspected or established pancreatobiliary neoplasia. Abstract Pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma are lethal diseases mainly diagnosed at an inoperable stage. As pancreatobiliary surgical specimens are often unavailable for further molecular testing, this review aimed to highlight the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic impact of next-generation sequencing (NGS) performed on distinct small biopsies, including endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspirations and biopsies of pancreatic solid and cystic lesions, biliary duct brushings, and also “liquid biopsies” such as the pancreatic juice, bile, and blood. NGS could clarify indeterminate pancreatic lesions or biliary strictures, for instance by identifying TP53 or SMAD4 mutations indicating high-grade dysplasia or cancer. It could also stratify pancreatic cystic lesions, by distinguishing mucinous from non-mucinous cysts and identifying high-risk cysts that should be excised in surgically fit patients, whereas the combination of cytology, elevated cystic CEA levels and NGS could improve the overall diagnostic accuracy. When NGS is performed on the pancreatic juice, it could stratify high-risk patients under surveillance. On the plasma, it could dynamically monitor the disease course and response to therapy. Notably, the circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels have been associated with staging, grading, and survival. Lastly, NGS has shown potential in identifying potentially actionable molecular alterations. In conclusion, NGS applied on small biopsies could carry significant diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias P. Nikas
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus; (G.I.S.); (K.J.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giannis Mountzios
- Fourth Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Trials Unit, Henry Dunant Hospital Center, 11526 Athens, Greece;
| | - Guy I. Sydney
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus; (G.I.S.); (K.J.I.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Kalliopi J. Ioakim
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus; (G.I.S.); (K.J.I.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Limassol General Hospital, Limassol 4131, Cyprus
| | - Jae-Kyung Won
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Panagiotis Papageorgis
- Tumor Microenvironment, Metastasis and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center, Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
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Crocetto F, Barone B, Ferro M, Busetto GM, La Civita E, Buonerba C, Di Lorenzo G, Terracciano D, Schalken JA. Liquid biopsy in bladder cancer: State of the art and future perspectives. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 170:103577. [PMID: 34999017 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract. Cystoscopy represents the gold standard in the diagnosis of suspicious bladder lesions. However, the procedure is invasive and burdened by pain, discomfort and infective complications. Cytology, which represents an alternative diagnostic possibility is limited by poor sensitivity. Considering the limitations of both procedures, and the necessity to perform multiple evaluations in patients who are in follow-up for bladder cancer, an improved non-invasive methodology is required in the clinical management of this disease. Liquid biopsy, e.g. the detection of clinical biomarkers in urine, represent a promising novel and non-invasive approach that could overcome those limitations and be integrated into the current clinical practice. The aim of this review is to summarize the state of the art of this approach and the latest novelties regarding detection, prognosis and surveillance of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Barone
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Department of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Busetto
- Urology and Renal Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Evelina La Civita
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Buonerba
- Oncology Unit, Hospital "Andrea Tortora", ASL Salerno, Pagani, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Lorenzo
- Oncology Unit, Hospital "Andrea Tortora", ASL Salerno, Pagani, Italy; Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Urinary Metabolic Markers of Bladder Cancer: A Reflection of the Tumor or the Response of the Body? Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110756. [PMID: 34822414 PMCID: PMC8621503 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work will review the metabolic information that various studies have obtained in recent years on bladder cancer, with particular attention to discovering biomarkers in urine for the diagnosis and prognosis of this disease. In principle, they would be capable of complementing cystoscopy, an invasive but nowadays irreplaceable technique or, in the best case, of replacing it. We will evaluate the degree of reproducibility that the different experiments have shown in the indication of biomarkers, and a synthesis will be attempted to obtain a consensus list that is more likely to become a guideline for clinical practice. In further analysis, we will inquire into the origin of these dysregulated metabolites in patients with bladder cancer. For this purpose, it will be helpful to compare the imbalances measured in urine with those known inside tumor cells or tissues. Although the urine analysis is sometimes considered a liquid biopsy because of its direct contact with the tumor in the bladder wall, it contains metabolites from all organs and tissues of the body, and the tumor is separated from urine by the most impermeable barrier found in mammals. The distinction between the specific and systemic responses can help understand the disease and its consequences in more depth.
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Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers for Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: Lessons Learned and the Road Ahead. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11100971. [PMID: 34683113 PMCID: PMC8540302 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the recent years, advances in the development of anti-cancer treatments, particularly the implementation of ICIs (immune checkpoint inhibitors), have resulted in increased survival rates in NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) patients. However, a significant proportion of patients does not seem respond to immunotherapy, and some individuals even develop secondary resistance to treatment. Therefore, it is imperative to correctly identify the patients that will benefit from ICI therapy in order to tailor therapeutic options in an individualised setting, ultimately benefitting both the patient and the health system. Many different biomarkers have been explored to correctly stratify patients and predict response to immunotherapy, but liquid biopsy approaches have recently arisen as an interesting opportunity to predict and monitor treatment response due to their logistic accessibility. This review summarises the current data and efforts in the field of ICI response biomarkers in NSCLC patients and highlights advantages and limitations as we discuss the road to clinical implementation.
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A 25-year perspective on evaluation and understanding of biomarkers in urologic cancers. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:602-617. [PMID: 34315659 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The past 25 years have witnessed an explosion of investigative attempts to identify clinically useful biomarkers which can have meaningful impacts for patients with urologic cancers. However, in spite of the enormous amount of research aiming to identify markers with the hope of impacting patient care, only a handful have proven to have true clinical utility. Improvements in targeted imaging, pan-omics evaluation, and genetic sequencing at the tissue and single-cell levels have yielded many potential targets for continued biomarker investigation. This article, as one in this series for the 25th Anniversary Issue of Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations, serves to give a perspective on our progress and failures over the past quarter-century in our highest volume urologic cancers: prostate, bladder, and kidney cancers.
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Bohers E, Viailly PJ, Jardin F. cfDNA Sequencing: Technological Approaches and Bioinformatic Issues. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060596. [PMID: 34205827 PMCID: PMC8234829 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, it is crucial to identify molecular alterations that will guide the therapeutic management of patients. In this context, circulating tumoral DNA (ctDNA) released by the tumor in body fluids, like blood, and carrying its molecular characteristics is becoming a powerful biomarker for non-invasive detection and monitoring of cancer. Major recent technological advances, especially in terms of sequencing, have made possible its analysis, the challenge still being its reliable early detection. Different parameters, from the pre-analytical phase to the choice of sequencing technology and bioinformatic tools can influence the sensitivity of ctDNA detection.
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Chan KM, Gleadle J, Li J, Michl TD, Vasilev K, MacGregor M. Improving hexaminolevulinate enabled cancer cell detection in liquid biopsy immunosensors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7283. [PMID: 33790357 PMCID: PMC8012578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexaminolevulinate (HAL) induced Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence is commonly used to differentiate cancer cells from normal cells in vivo, as for instance in blue light cystoscopy for bladder cancer diagnosis. A detailed approach is here provided to use this diagnostic principle ex vivo in an immunosensor device, towards enabling non-invasive cancer diagnostic from body fluids, such as urine. Several factors susceptible to affect the applicability of HAL-assisted diagnosis in body fluids were tested. These included the cell viability and its impact on PpIX fluorescence, the storage condition and shelf life of HAL premix reagent, light exposure (360–450 nm wavelengths) and its corresponding effect on both intensity and bleaching of the PpIX fluorescence as a function of the microscopy imaging conditions. There was no significant decrease in the viability of bladder cancer cells after 6 h at 4 °C (student’s t-test: p > 0.05). The cellular PpIX fluorescence decreased in a time-dependent manner when cancer cells were kept at 4 °C for extended period of time, though this didn’t significantly reduce the fluorescence intensity contrast between cancer and non-cancer cells kept in the same condition for 6 h. HAL premix reagent kept in long term storage at 4 °C induced stronger PpIX fluorescence than reagent kept in the − 20 °C freezer. The PpIX fluorescence was negatively affected by repeated light exposure but increased with illumination intensity and exposure time. Though this applied to both healthy and cancer cell lines, and therefore did not statistically improved the differentiation between cell types. This study revealed important experimental settings that need to be carefully considered to benefit from the analytical potential of HAL induced fluorescence when used in technologies for the diagnosis of cancer from body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Man Chan
- Department of Engineering, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Jonathan Gleadle
- Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Jordan Li
- Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Thomas Danny Michl
- Department of Engineering, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Melanie MacGregor
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia.
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Ferro M, La Civita E, Liotti A, Cennamo M, Tortora F, Buonerba C, Crocetto F, Lucarelli G, Busetto GM, Del Giudice F, de Cobelli O, Carrieri G, Porreca A, Cimmino A, Terracciano D. Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers in Urine: A Route towards Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medicine of Bladder Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030237. [PMID: 33806972 PMCID: PMC8004687 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is characterized by high incidence and recurrence rates together with genomic instability and elevated mutation degree. Currently, cystoscopy combined with cytology is routinely used for diagnosis, prognosis and disease surveillance. Such an approach is often associated with several side effects, discomfort for the patient and high economic burden. Thus, there is an essential demand of non-invasive, sensitive, fast and inexpensive biomarkers for clinical management of BC patients. In this context, liquid biopsy represents a very promising tool that has been widely investigated over the last decade. Liquid biopsy will likely be at the basis of patient selection for precision medicine, both in terms of treatment choice and real-time monitoring of therapeutic effects. Several different urinary biomarkers have been proposed for liquid biopsy in BC, including DNA methylation and mutations, protein-based assays, non-coding RNAs and mRNA signatures. In this review, we summarized the state of the art on different available tests concerning their potential clinical applications for BC detection, prognosis, surveillance and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ferro
- Department of Urology of European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (O.d.C.)
| | - Evelina La Civita
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Antonietta Liotti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Cennamo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Fabiana Tortora
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Carlo Buonerba
- CRTR Rare Tumors Reference Center, AOU Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Environment & Health Operational Unit, Zoo-Prophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Sciences of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Gian Maria Busetto
- Department of Urology and Organ Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Del Giudice
- Department of Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Ottavio de Cobelli
- Department of Urology of European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (O.d.C.)
- Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Ematoncologia-DIPO-Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrieri
- Department of Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Angelo Porreca
- Department of Urology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, 31033 Padua, Italy;
| | - Amelia Cimmino
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: or (A.C.); (D.T.); Tel.: +39-81-746-3617 (D.T.)
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.L.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: or (A.C.); (D.T.); Tel.: +39-81-746-3617 (D.T.)
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Brisotto G, Guerrieri R, Colizzi F, Steffan A, Montico B, Fratta E. Long Noncoding RNAs as Innovative Urinary Diagnostic Biomarkers. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2292:73-94. [PMID: 33651353 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1354-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is now widely studied as a promising source of cancer-derived biomarkers because of their role in tumor formation and progression. However, CTCs analysis presents some limitations and no standardized method for CTCs isolation from urine has been defined so far. In fact, besides blood, urine represents an ideal source of noninvasive biomarkers, especially for the early detection of genitourinary tumors. Besides CTCs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have also been proposed as potential noninvasive biomarkers, and the evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of urinary lncRNAs has dramatically increased over the last years, with many studies being published. Therefore, this review provides an update on the clinical utility of urinary lncRNAs as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of bladder and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Brisotto
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Roberto Guerrieri
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Francesca Colizzi
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Barbara Montico
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fratta
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
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Alkassis M, Kourie HR, Sarkis J, Nemr E. Predictive biomarkers in bladder cancer. Biomark Med 2021; 15:241-246. [PMID: 33625249 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Alkassis
- Department of Urology, Hôtel Dieu de France, Université Saint Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hampig R Kourie
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hôtel Dieu de France, Université Saint Josephe, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Julien Sarkis
- Department of Urology, Hôtel Dieu de France, Université Saint Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Nemr
- Department of Urology, Hôtel Dieu de France, Université Saint Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
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Hosen MI, Forey N, Durand G, Voegele C, Bilici S, Avogbe PH, Delhomme TM, Foll M, Manel A, Vian E, Meziani S, De Tilly B, Polo G, Lole O, Francois P, Boureille A, Pisarev E, Salas AROSE, Monteiro-Reis S, Henrique R, Byrnes G, Jeronimo C, Scelo G, McKay JD, Calvez-Kelm FL, Zvereva M. Development of Sensitive Droplet Digital PCR Assays for Detecting Urinary TERT Promoter Mutations as Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Detection of Urothelial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3541. [PMID: 33260905 PMCID: PMC7761513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter regions are frequent events in urothelial cancer (UC) and their detection in urine (supernatant cell-free DNA or DNA from exfoliated cells) could serve as putative non-invasive biomarkers for UC detection and monitoring. However, detecting these tumor-borne mutations in urine requires highly sensitive methods, capable of measuring low-level mutations. In this study, we developed sensitive droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assays for detecting TERT promoter mutations (C228T, C228A, CC242-243TT, and C250T). We tested the C228T and C250T ddPCR assays on all samples with sufficient quantity of urinary DNA (urine supernatant cell-free DNA (US cfDNA) or urine pellet cellular DNA (UP cellDNA)) from the DIAGURO (n = 89/93 cases and n = 92/94 controls) and from the IPO-PORTO (n = 49/50 cases and n = 50/50 controls) series that were previously screened with the UroMuTERT assay and compared the performance of the two approaches. In the DIAGURO series, the sensitivity and specificity of the ddPCR assays for detecting UC using either US cfDNA or UP cellDNA were 86.8% and 92.4%. The sensitivity was slightly higher than that of the UroMuTERT assay in the IPO-PORTO series (67.4% vs. 65.3%, respectively), but not in the DIAGURO series (86.8% vs. 90.7%). The specificity was 100% in the IPO-PORTO controls for both the UroMuTERT and ddPCR assays, whereas in the DIAGURO series, the specificity dropped for ddPCR (92.4% versus 95.6%). Overall, an almost perfect agreement between the two methods was observed for both US cfDNA (n = 164; kappa coefficient of 0.91) and UP cellDNA (n = 280; kappa coefficient of 0.94). In a large independent series of serial urine samples from DIAGURO follow-up BC cases (n = 394), the agreement between ddPCR and UroMuTERT was (i) strong (kappa coefficient of 0.87), regardless of urine DNA types (kappa coefficient 0.89 for US cfDNA and 0.85 for UP cellDNA), (ii) the highest for samples with mutant allelic fractions (MAFs) > 2% (kappa coefficient of 0.99) and (iii) only minimal for the samples with the lowest MAFs (< 0.5%; kappa coefficient 0.32). Altogether, our results indicate that the two methods (ddPCR and UroMuTERT) for detecting urinary TERT promoter mutations are comparable and that the discrepancies relate to the detection of low-allelic fraction mutations. The simplicity of the ddPCR assays makes them suitable for implementation in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ismail Hosen
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France; (M.I.H.); (N.F.); (G.D.); (C.V.); (S.B.); (P.H.A.); (T.M.D.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (O.L.); (P.F.); (A.B.); (A.R.O.S.E.S.); (G.B.); (G.S.); (J.D.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nathalie Forey
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France; (M.I.H.); (N.F.); (G.D.); (C.V.); (S.B.); (P.H.A.); (T.M.D.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (O.L.); (P.F.); (A.B.); (A.R.O.S.E.S.); (G.B.); (G.S.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Geoffroy Durand
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France; (M.I.H.); (N.F.); (G.D.); (C.V.); (S.B.); (P.H.A.); (T.M.D.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (O.L.); (P.F.); (A.B.); (A.R.O.S.E.S.); (G.B.); (G.S.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Catherine Voegele
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France; (M.I.H.); (N.F.); (G.D.); (C.V.); (S.B.); (P.H.A.); (T.M.D.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (O.L.); (P.F.); (A.B.); (A.R.O.S.E.S.); (G.B.); (G.S.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Selin Bilici
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France; (M.I.H.); (N.F.); (G.D.); (C.V.); (S.B.); (P.H.A.); (T.M.D.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (O.L.); (P.F.); (A.B.); (A.R.O.S.E.S.); (G.B.); (G.S.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Patrice Hodonou Avogbe
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France; (M.I.H.); (N.F.); (G.D.); (C.V.); (S.B.); (P.H.A.); (T.M.D.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (O.L.); (P.F.); (A.B.); (A.R.O.S.E.S.); (G.B.); (G.S.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Tiffany Myriam Delhomme
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France; (M.I.H.); (N.F.); (G.D.); (C.V.); (S.B.); (P.H.A.); (T.M.D.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (O.L.); (P.F.); (A.B.); (A.R.O.S.E.S.); (G.B.); (G.S.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Matthieu Foll
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France; (M.I.H.); (N.F.); (G.D.); (C.V.); (S.B.); (P.H.A.); (T.M.D.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (O.L.); (P.F.); (A.B.); (A.R.O.S.E.S.); (G.B.); (G.S.); (J.D.M.)
| | | | - Emmanuel Vian
- Department of Urology, Protestant Clinic of Lyon, 69300 Caluire-et-Cuire, France; (E.V.); (B.D.T.); (G.P.)
| | - Sonia Meziani
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France; (M.I.H.); (N.F.); (G.D.); (C.V.); (S.B.); (P.H.A.); (T.M.D.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (O.L.); (P.F.); (A.B.); (A.R.O.S.E.S.); (G.B.); (G.S.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Berengere De Tilly
- Department of Urology, Protestant Clinic of Lyon, 69300 Caluire-et-Cuire, France; (E.V.); (B.D.T.); (G.P.)
| | - Gilles Polo
- Department of Urology, Protestant Clinic of Lyon, 69300 Caluire-et-Cuire, France; (E.V.); (B.D.T.); (G.P.)
| | - Olesia Lole
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France; (M.I.H.); (N.F.); (G.D.); (C.V.); (S.B.); (P.H.A.); (T.M.D.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (O.L.); (P.F.); (A.B.); (A.R.O.S.E.S.); (G.B.); (G.S.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Pauline Francois
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France; (M.I.H.); (N.F.); (G.D.); (C.V.); (S.B.); (P.H.A.); (T.M.D.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (O.L.); (P.F.); (A.B.); (A.R.O.S.E.S.); (G.B.); (G.S.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Antoine Boureille
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France; (M.I.H.); (N.F.); (G.D.); (C.V.); (S.B.); (P.H.A.); (T.M.D.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (O.L.); (P.F.); (A.B.); (A.R.O.S.E.S.); (G.B.); (G.S.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Eduard Pisarev
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Andrei R. O. S. E. Salas
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France; (M.I.H.); (N.F.); (G.D.); (C.V.); (S.B.); (P.H.A.); (T.M.D.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (O.L.); (P.F.); (A.B.); (A.R.O.S.E.S.); (G.B.); (G.S.); (J.D.M.)
- Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Sao Paulo 01221-020, Brazil
| | - Sara Monteiro-Reis
- Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Research Center (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (S.M.-R.); (R.H.); (C.J.)
| | - Rui Henrique
- Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Research Center (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (S.M.-R.); (R.H.); (C.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Graham Byrnes
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France; (M.I.H.); (N.F.); (G.D.); (C.V.); (S.B.); (P.H.A.); (T.M.D.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (O.L.); (P.F.); (A.B.); (A.R.O.S.E.S.); (G.B.); (G.S.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Carmen Jeronimo
- Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Research Center (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (S.M.-R.); (R.H.); (C.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ghislaine Scelo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France; (M.I.H.); (N.F.); (G.D.); (C.V.); (S.B.); (P.H.A.); (T.M.D.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (O.L.); (P.F.); (A.B.); (A.R.O.S.E.S.); (G.B.); (G.S.); (J.D.M.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 8-10124 Turin, Italy
| | - James D. McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France; (M.I.H.); (N.F.); (G.D.); (C.V.); (S.B.); (P.H.A.); (T.M.D.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (O.L.); (P.F.); (A.B.); (A.R.O.S.E.S.); (G.B.); (G.S.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Florence Le Calvez-Kelm
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France; (M.I.H.); (N.F.); (G.D.); (C.V.); (S.B.); (P.H.A.); (T.M.D.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (O.L.); (P.F.); (A.B.); (A.R.O.S.E.S.); (G.B.); (G.S.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Maria Zvereva
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France; (M.I.H.); (N.F.); (G.D.); (C.V.); (S.B.); (P.H.A.); (T.M.D.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (O.L.); (P.F.); (A.B.); (A.R.O.S.E.S.); (G.B.); (G.S.); (J.D.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Kang ASW, Bernasconi JG, Jack W, Kanavarioti A. Ready-to-use nanopore platform for the detection of any DNA/RNA oligo at attomole range using an Osmium tagged complementary probe. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19790. [PMID: 33188229 PMCID: PMC7666163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanopores can serve as single molecule sensors. We exploited the MinION, a portable nanopore device from Oxford Nanopore Technologies, and repurposed it to detect any DNA/RNA oligo (target) in a complex mixture by conducting voltage-driven ion-channel measurements. The detection and quantitation of the target is enabled by the use of a unique complementary probe. Using a validated labeling technology, probes are tagged with a bulky Osmium tag (Osmium tetroxide 2,2′-bipyridine), in a way that preserves strong hybridization between probe and target. Intact oligos traverse the MinION’s nanopore relatively quickly compared to the device’s acquisition rate, and exhibit count of events comparable to the baseline. Counts are reported by a publicly available software, OsBp_detect. Due to the presence of the bulky Osmium tag, probes traverse more slowly, produce multiple counts over the baseline, and are even detected at single digit attomole (amole) range. In the presence of the target the probe is “silenced”. Silencing is attributed to a 1:1 double stranded (ds) complex that does not fit and cannot traverse this nanopore. This ready-to-use platform can be tailored as a diagnostic test to meet the requirements for point-of-care cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) and microRNA (miRNA) detection and quantitation in body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert S W Kang
- Yenos Analytical LLC, 4659 Golden Foothill Pkwy, Suite 101, El Dorado Hills, CA, 95672, USA
| | - Janette G Bernasconi
- Yenos Analytical LLC, 4659 Golden Foothill Pkwy, Suite 101, El Dorado Hills, CA, 95672, USA
| | | | - Anastassia Kanavarioti
- Yenos Analytical LLC, 4659 Golden Foothill Pkwy, Suite 101, El Dorado Hills, CA, 95672, USA.
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Harris T, Sheel A, Zong Y, Hutchinson LM, Cornejo KM, Bubendorf L, Yates J, Fischer AH. Cytologically targeted next-generation sequencing: a synergy for diagnosing urothelial carcinoma. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2020; 10:94-102. [PMID: 33184010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytology and cystoscopy are used to detect urothelial carcinoma (UC), but together they still fail to detect some UC cases and are not suitable for screening asymptomatic individuals. Mutations are present in more than 98% of UC, mutations have therapeutic significance, and they can be detected by next generation sequencing (NGS) in urine samples. We review the role of NGS in UC detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Comprehensive literature review on UC genetics, economics of NGS, and previous reports of UC detection by NGS. RESULTS The raw costs of NGS have decreased to about 14,000 base pairs per penny, making it appear economically feasible to use NGS widely. Reported NGS assays fall short of predicted sensitivity. Decreased sensitivity is attributed to a low frequency of mutant alleles in many urine samples. Attempts to increase the percentage of mutant alleles, by using cell-free urinary DNA, or by using cell sorting and microfluidics, have been unsuccessful or remain unproven. However, cytologic examination can immediately enable NGS: Urine cytologies with sufficient proportions of abnormal cells could be directly triaged to NGS with high sensitivity for UC detection. For cases with a low proportion of abnormal cells, cytologically targeted microdissection of cells for NGS should maintain sensitivity and decrease sequencing costs. Cytologically targeted urothelial cells for NGS could allow a screening test for low grade UC. CONCLUSIONS Cytology is immediately poised to allow NGS to improve the diagnosis of UC, allowing NGS to be an ancillary test for atypical cytologies, and potentially allowing a screening test for low-grade UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Harris
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Ankur Sheel
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Yang Zong
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Lloyd M Hutchinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Kristine M Cornejo
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Department of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Yates
- Department of Urology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew H Fischer
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care, Worcester, Massachusetts.
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Liskova A, Samec M, Koklesova L, Giordano FA, Kubatka P, Golubnitschaja O. Liquid Biopsy is Instrumental for 3PM Dimensional Solutions in Cancer Management. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2749. [PMID: 32854390 PMCID: PMC7563444 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One in every four deaths is due to cancer in Europe. In view of its increasing incidence, cancer became the leading cause of death and disease burden in Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and the UK. Without essential improvements in cancer prevention, an additional 775,000 cases of annual incidence have been prognosed until 2040. Between 1995 and 2018, the direct costs of cancer doubled from EUR 52 billion to EUR 103 billion in Europe, and per capita health spending on cancer increased by 86% from EUR 105 to EUR 195 in general, whereby Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Benelux, and France spend the most on cancer care compared to other European countries. In view of the consequent severe socio-economic burden on society, the paradigm change from a reactive to a predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach in the overall cancer management is essential. Concepts of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM) demonstrate a great potential to revise the above presented trends and to implement cost-effective healthcare that benefits the patient and society as a whole. At any stage, application of early and predictive diagnostics, targeted prevention, and personalization of medical services are basic pillars making 3PM particularly attractive for the patients as well as ethical and cost-effective healthcare. Optimal 3PM approach requires novel instruments such as well-designed liquid biopsy application. This review article highlights current achievements and details liquid biopsy approaches specifically in cancer management. 3PM-relevant expert recommendations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Liu L, Hu J, Wang Y, Sun T, Zhou X, Li X, Ma F. Establishment of a novel risk score model by comprehensively analyzing the immunogen database of bladder cancer to indicate clinical significance and predict prognosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11967-11989. [PMID: 32570217 PMCID: PMC7343485 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BCa) has the highest incidence of aggressive malignant tumors in the urogenital system and is the ninth most common cancer worldwide. Immune function-related genes (IFRGs), which are plentiful in immune cells and the immune microenvironment (IME), have the potential to assess prognosis and predict the efficacy of immunotherapy. A complete and significant immunogenomic analysis based on abundant BCa genetic samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) will provide insight into the field. RESULTS A total of 57 differentially expressed IFRGs were significantly associated with the clinical outcomes of patients with BCa. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these genes actively participated in the KEGG pathway of human cytomegalovirus infection. Based on the IFRGs (CALR, MMP9, PAEP, RBP7, STAT1, CACYBP, ANHAK, RAC3, SLIT2, EDNRA, IGF1, NAMPT, NTF3, PPY, ADRB2 and SH3BP2), the risk scores were calculated to predict survival and reveal the relationships with age, sex, grade, staging, T-stage, N-stage, and M-stage. Interestingly, IFRG-based risk scores (IRRSs) reflected the infiltration of several types of immune cells. The expression of CACYBP was more significant in grade 3, T3 and T4 stages than in earlier grades and T-stages. CONCLUSION Our results highlighted some sIFRGs with remarkable clinical relevance, showed the driving factors of the immune repertoire, and illustrated the significance of IFRG-based individual immune features in the identification, monitoring, and prognosis of patients with BCa. METHODS Based on the TCGA dataset, we integrated the expression profiles of IFRGs and overall survival (OS) in 430 patients with BCa. Differentially expressed IFRGs and survival-related IFRGs (sIFRGs) were highlighted by calculating the difference algorithm and COX regression analysis in patients with BCa. Based on computational biology, the potential molecular mechanisms and characteristics of these IFRGs were also explored. Using multivariate Cox analysis, new risk scores based on immune-related genes were developed. The expression of CACYBP was verified by qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. The relations between CACYBP and clinical features were proven by immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Liu
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Jinghai Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuzhe Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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Chen CK, Liao J, Li MS, Khoo BL. Urine biopsy technologies: Cancer and beyond. Theranostics 2020; 10:7872-7888. [PMID: 32685026 PMCID: PMC7359094 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of circulating tumor cells in 1869, technological advances in the study of biomarkers from liquid biopsy have made it possible to diagnose disease in a less invasive way. Although blood-based liquid biopsy has been used extensively for the detection of solid tumors and immune diseases, the potential of urine-based liquid biopsy has not been fully explored. Advancements in technologies for the harvesting and analysis of biomarkers are providing new opportunities for the characterization of other disease types. Liquid biopsy markers such as exfoliated bladder cancer cells, cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and exosomes have the potential to change the nature of disease management and care, as they allow a cost-effective and convenient mode of patient monitoring throughout treatment. In this review, we addressed the advancement of research in the field of disease detection for the key liquid biopsy markers such as cancer cells, cfDNA, and exosomes, with an emphasis on urine-based liquid biopsy. First, we highlighted key technologies that were widely available and used extensively for clinical urine sample analysis. Next, we presented recent technological developments in cell and genetic research, with implications for the detection of other types of diseases, besides cancer. We then concluded with some discussions on these areas, emphasizing the role of microfluidics and artificial intelligence in advancing point-of-care applications. We believe that the benefits of urine biopsy provide diagnostic development potential, which will pave opportunities for new ways to guide treatment selections and facilitate precision disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bee Luan Khoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Hayashi Y, Fujita K, Matsuzaki K, Eich ML, Tomiyama E, Matsushita M, Koh Y, Nakano K, Wang C, Ishizuya Y, Kato T, Hatano K, Kawashima A, Ujike T, Uemura M, Imamura R, Netto GJ, Nonomura N. Clinical Significance of Hotspot Mutation Analysis of Urinary Cell-Free DNA in Urothelial Bladder Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:755. [PMID: 32509577 PMCID: PMC7250242 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies showed the clinical utility of next-generation sequencing of urinary cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from patients with urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). In this study, we aimed to develop urinary cfDNA analysis by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) as a high-throughput and rapid assay for UBC detection and prognosis. We analyzed urinary cfDNA of 202 samples from 2 cohorts. Test cohort was designed for investigating clinical utility of urinary cfDNA, and was composed of 74 samples from patients with UBC, and 52 samples of benign hematuria patients. Validation cohort was designed for validation and assessment of clinical utility comparing urinary cfDNA with UroVysion (Abbott, Illinois, USA), and was composed of 40 samples from patients with UBC, and 36 prospectively collected samples from patients under surveillance after surgery for urothelial carcinoma. We performed ddPCR analysis of hotspot gene mutations (TERT promoter and FGFR3). In the test cohort, the sensitivity of urinary cfDNA diagnosis was 68.9% (51/74) and the specificity was 100% in patients with UBC. The sensitivity increased to 85.9% when used in conjunction with urine cytology. In addition, patients with high TERT C228T allele frequency (≥14%) had significantly worse prognosis in bladder tumor recurrence than patients with low TERT C228T allele frequency or negative TERT C228T (p = 0.0322). In the validation cohort, the sensitivity of urinary cfDNA was 57.5% (23/40) and the specificity was 100% in UBC patients. The sensitivity of the combination of urine cytology with our hotspot analysis (77.5%) was higher than that of urine cytology with UroVysion (68.9%). In the post-surgical surveillance group, patients positive for the TERT C228T mutation had significantly worse prognosis for bladder tumor recurrence than mutation negative patients (p < 0.001). In conclusion, ddPCR analysis of urinary cfDNA is a simple and promising assay for the clinical setting, surpassing UroVysion for detection and prognosis determination in UBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Matsuzaki
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Marie-Lisa Eich
- Department Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eisuke Tomiyama
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsushita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoko Koh
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nakano
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yu Ishizuya
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Taigo Kato
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Therapeutic Urologic Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Koji Hatano
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsunari Kawashima
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ujike
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Motohide Uemura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Therapeutic Urologic Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Imamura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - George J. Netto
- Department Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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