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Zhang X, Zhou J, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhu B, Xing Q. Elevated CDC45 Expression Predicts Poorer Overall Survival Prognoses and Worse Immune Responses for Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma via Single-Cell and Bulk RNA-Sequencing. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:1502-1520. [PMID: 37642814 PMCID: PMC11186877 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to analyze the prognostic and immunological value of CDC45 in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) using single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing approaches. The expression of CDC45 in KIRC was evaluated by the HPA database, the TCGA-KIRC dataset and verified by PCR analysis and single-cell RNA-sequencing. The ability of CDC45 to independently predict prognosis in KIRC was confirmed by univariate/multivariate regression analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was employed to explore CDC45-related pathways in KIRC. In addition, Relationships between CDC45 and immunity were also examined. Elevated CDC45 expression in KIRC was demonstrated at mRNA and protein levels. The results of the correlation analysis showed that as CDC45 expression increased, so did the histological grade, clinical stage, and TNM stage of the patients (p < 0.05). Univariate/multivariate regression analysis suggested CDC45 as an independent prognostic factor for KIRC. Seven pathways related to CDC45 were screened through GSEA. Meanwhile, we found that CDC45 was correlated with tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI) but not tumor neoantigen burden (TNB). Regarding immunity, CDC45 exhibited correlations with the tumor microenvironment, immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoints. Besides, low CDC45 expression was shown to be associated with a better response to immunotherapy. Single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed that CDC45 was differently expressed in T cells (p < 0.05). CDC45 showed potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for KIRC. Meanwhile, the CDC45 low expression group was more sensitive to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No.20 West Temple Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No.20 West Temple Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiangqiao Hospital, Shanghai General Hospital Jiading Branch, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201803, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhenjiang Hospital of Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bingye Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), No. 881 Yonghe Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Qianwei Xing
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No.20 West Temple Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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2
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Li L, Jiang P, Hu W, Zou F, Li M, Rao T, Ruan Y, Yu W, Ning J, Cheng F. AURKB promotes bladder cancer progression by deregulating the p53 DNA damage response pathway via MAD2L2. J Transl Med 2024; 22:295. [PMID: 38515112 PMCID: PMC10956193 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common urinary tract malignancy. Aurora kinase B (AURKB), a component of the chromosomal passenger protein complex, affects chromosomal segregation during cell division. Mitotic arrest-deficient 2-like protein 2 (MAD2L2) interacts with various proteins and contributes to genomic integrity. Both AURKB and MAD2L2 are overexpressed in various human cancers and have synergistic oncogenic effects; therefore, they are regarded as emerging therapeutic targets for cancer. However, the relationship between these factors and the mechanisms underlying their oncogenic activity in BC remains largely unknown. The present study aimed to explore the interactions between AURKB and MAD2L2 and how they affect BC progression via the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. METHODS Bioinformatics was used to analyze the expression, prognostic value, and pro-tumoral function of AURKB in patients with BC. CCK-8 assay, colony-forming assay, flow cytometry, SA-β-gal staining, wound healing assay, and transwell chamber experiments were performed to test the viability, cell cycle progression, senescence, and migration and invasion abilities of BC cells in vitro. A nude mouse xenograft assay was performed to test the tumorigenesis ability of BC cells in vivo. The expression and interaction of proteins and the occurrence of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype were detected using western blot analysis, co-immunoprecipitation assay, and RT-qPCR. RESULTS AURKB was highly expressed and associated with prognosis in patients with BC. AURKB expression was positively correlated with MAD2L2 expression. We confirmed that AURKB interacts with, and modulates the expression of, MAD2L2 in BC cells. AURKB knockdown suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of, and cell cycle progression in, BC cells, inducing senescence in these cells. The effects of AURKB knockdown were rescued by MAD2L2 overexpression in vitro and in vivo. The effects of MAD2L2 knockdown were similar to those of AURKB knockdown. Furthermore, p53 ablation rescued the MAD2L2 knockdown-induced suppression of BC cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest and senescence in BC cells. CONCLUSIONS AURKB activates MAD2L2 expression to downregulate the p53 DDR pathway, thereby promoting BC progression. Thus, AURKB may serve as a potential molecular marker and a novel anticancer therapeutic target for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhi Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Pengcheng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Weimin Hu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Fan Zou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ting Rao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Weimin Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jinzhuo Ning
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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3
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Wang C, Huang M, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Pan J, Jiang C, Cheng M, Li S, He W, Li Z, Tu Z, Fan J, Zeng H, Lin J, Wang Y, Yao N, Liu T, Qi Q, Liu X, Zhang Z, Chen M, Xia L, Zhang D, Ye W. ENO2-derived phosphoenolpyruvate functions as an endogenous inhibitor of HDAC1 and confers resistance to antiangiogenic therapy. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1765-1786. [PMID: 37667133 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00883-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is associated with resistance to antiangiogenic therapy in cancer. However, its molecular mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. Here, we identify the glycolytic enzyme enolase 2 (ENO2) as a driver of resistance to antiangiogenic therapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) mouse models and human participants. ENO2 overexpression induces neuroendocrine differentiation, promotes malignant behaviour in CRC and desensitizes CRC to antiangiogenic drugs. Mechanistically, the ENO2-derived metabolite phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) selectively inhibits histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) activity, which increases the acetylation of β-catenin and activates the β-catenin pathway in CRC. Inhibition of ENO2 with enolase inhibitors AP-III-a4 or POMHEX synergizes the efficacy of antiangiogenic drugs in vitro and in mice bearing drug-resistant CRC xenograft tumours. Together, our findings reveal that ENO2 constitutes a useful predictive biomarker and therapeutic target for resistance to antiangiogenic therapy in CRC, and uncover a previously undefined and metabolism-independent role of PEP in regulating resistance to antiangiogenic therapy by functioning as an endogenous HDAC1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maohua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuning Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Jiang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minjing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhuo He
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengchao Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huhu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Yao
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongzheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Qi
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangning Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liangping Xia
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wencai Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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4
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Gilloteaux DJ, Jamison JM, Summers JL, Taper HS. Xenografts on nude mouse diaphragm of human DU145 prostate carcinoma cells: mesothelium removal by outgrowths and angiogenesis. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:413-438. [PMID: 36165802 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2022.2115596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells, androgen-independent malignant cells, implanted in the athymic nu/nu male mouse, developed numerous tumors on peritoneal and retro-peritoneal organs whose growth aspects and vascular supply have yet to be investigated with fine structure techniques. A series of necropsies from moribund implanted mice diaphragms were examined with light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. DU145 xenografts installations, far away from the implanted site, were described as the smallest installation to large diaphragm outgrowths in moribund mice. Carcinomas did not show extracellular matrix and, reaching more than 0.15 mm in thickness, they revealed new structures in these outgrowths. Voids to be gland-like structures with mediocre secretion and, unexpectedly, intercellular spaces connected with fascicles of elongated DU145 cells that merged with a vascular supply originated from either the tumor cells and/or some perimysium vessels. In the largest carcinomas, most important vascular invasions coincidently accompanied the mouse lethality, similarly to human cancers. This androgen-independent model would be useful to study tumor outgrowth's changes related to testing anticancer strategy, including anti-angiogenic therapies involving toxicity, simultaneously with those of other vital organs with combined biomolecular and fine structure techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dr Jacques Gilloteaux
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St Georges' University International School of Medicine, KB Taylor Global Scholar's Program, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE1 8JG.,Unit of Research in Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium, 5000.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Ohio Medical University (NEOMed/Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH, USA, 44272
| | - James M Jamison
- Department of Urology, Ohio Medical University (NEOMed/Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH, USA, 44272.,St Thomas Hospital, The Apatone Development Center, Summa Research Foundation, Akron, OH, USA, 44310
| | - Jack L Summers
- Department of Urology, Ohio Medical University (NEOMed/Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH, USA, 44272.,St Thomas Hospital, The Apatone Development Center, Summa Research Foundation, Akron, OH, USA, 44310
| | - Henryk S Taper
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Toxicologique et Cancérologique, School of Pharmacy, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 1200
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5
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Zhou H, He Q, Li C, Alsharafi BLM, Deng L, Long Z, Gan Y. Focus on the tumor microenvironment: A seedbed for neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:955669. [PMID: 35938167 PMCID: PMC9355504 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.955669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a microecology consisting of tumor and mesenchymal cells and extracellular matrices. The TME plays important regulatory roles in tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and differentiation. Neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) is a mechanism by which castration resistance develops in advanced prostate cancer (PCa). NED is induced after androgen deprivation therapy and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is established finally. NEPC has poor prognosis and short overall survival and is a major cause of death in patients with PCa. Both the cellular and non-cellular components of the TME regulate and induce NEPC formation through various pathways. Insights into the roles of the TME in NEPC evolution, growth, and progression have increased over the past few years. These novel insights will help refine the NEPC formation model and lay the foundation for the discovery of new NEPC therapies targeting the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengfeng Zhou
- Andrology Center, Department of Urology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiangrong He
- Andrology Center, Department of Urology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Li
- Andrology Center, Department of Urology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Liang Deng
- Andrology Center, Department of Urology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Long
- Andrology Center, Department of Urology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi Long, ; Yu Gan,
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi Long, ; Yu Gan,
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6
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A Novel Angiogenesis-Related Gene Signature to Predict Biochemical Recurrence of Patients with Prostate Cancer following Radical Therapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2448428. [PMID: 35799610 PMCID: PMC9256390 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2448428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in males; we aim to establish a novel angiogenesis-related gene signature for biochemical recurrence (BCR) prediction in PCa patients following radical therapy. Methods Gene expression profiles and corresponding clinicopathological data were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We quantified the levels of various cancer hallmarks and identified angiogenesis as the primary risk factor for BCR. Then machine learning methods combined with Cox regression analysis were used to screen prognostic genes and construct an angiogenesis-related gene signature, which was further verified in external cohorts. Furthermore, estimation of immune cell abundance and prediction of drug responses were also conducted to detect potential mechanisms. Results Angiogenesis was regarded as the leading risk factor for BCR in PCa patients (HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.38–1.81), and a novel prognostic signature based on three genes (NRP1, JAG2, and VCAN) was developed in the training cohort and successfully validated in another three independent cohorts. In all datasets, this signature was identified as a prognostic factor with promising and robust predictive values. Moreover, it also predicted higher infiltration of regulatory T cells and M2-polarized macrophages and increased drug sensitivity of angiogenesis inhibitors in high-risk patients. Conclusions The angiogenesis-related three-gene signature may serve as an independent prognostic factor for BCR, which would contribute to risk stratification and personalized management of PCa patients after radical therapy in clinical practice.
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7
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although most studies focus on the tumour component of prostate cancer (PCa), increasing attention is being paid to the prostatic tumour microenvironment (TME) and its role in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy development. Herein, we review the prognostic capability of tumour and nontumour derived biomarkers, the immunomodulatory effects of focal therapy (FT) on TME, and its potential as part of a multidisciplinary approach to PCa treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Tumour cells have always been the natural candidates to explore new biomarkers, but recent evidence highlights the prognostic contribution of TME cell markers. TME plays a critical role in PCa progression and tumours may escape from the immune system by establishing a microenvironment that suppresses effective antitumour immunity. It has been demonstrated that FT has an immunomodulatory effect and may elicit an immune response that can either favour or inhibit tumorigenesis. TME shows to be an additional target to enhance oncological control. SUMMARY A better understanding of TME has the potential to reliably elucidate PCa heterogeneity and assign a prognostic profile in accordance with prostate tumour foci. The joint contribution of biomarkers derived from both tumour and TME compartments may improve patient selection for FT by accurately stratifying disease aggressivity according to the characteristics of tumour foci. Preclinical studies have suggested that FT may act as a TME modulator, highlighting its promising role in multimodal therapeutic management.
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8
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Bahmad HF, Jalloul M, Azar J, Moubarak MM, Samad TA, Mukherji D, Al-Sayegh M, Abou-Kheir W. Tumor Microenvironment in Prostate Cancer: Toward Identification of Novel Molecular Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy Development. Front Genet 2021; 12:652747. [PMID: 33841508 PMCID: PMC8033163 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.652747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is by far the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Despite sensitivity to androgen deprivation, patients with advanced disease eventually develop resistance to therapy and may die of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). A key challenge in the management of PCa is the clinical heterogeneity that is hard to predict using existing biomarkers. Defining molecular biomarkers for PCa that can reliably aid in diagnosis and distinguishing patients who require aggressive therapy from those who should avoid overtreatment is a significant unmet need. Mechanisms underlying the development of PCa are not confined to cancer epithelial cells, but also involve the tumor microenvironment. The crosstalk between epithelial cells and stroma in PCa has been shown to play an integral role in disease progression and metastasis. A number of key markers of reactive stroma has been identified including stem/progenitor cell markers, stromal-derived mediators of inflammation, regulators of angiogenesis, connective tissue growth factors, wingless homologs (Wnts), and integrins. Here, we provide a synopsis of the stromal-epithelial crosstalk in PCa focusing on the relevant molecular biomarkers pertaining to the tumor microenvironment and their role in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham F Bahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, United States
| | - Mohammad Jalloul
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maya M Moubarak
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tamara Abdul Samad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Deborah Mukherji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Al-Sayegh
- Biology Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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9
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Shen D, Ju L, Zhou F, Yu M, Ma H, Zhang Y, Liu T, Xiao Y, Wang X, Qian K. The inhibitory effect of melatonin on human prostate cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:34. [PMID: 33722247 PMCID: PMC7962396 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed human cancers in males. Nearly 191,930 new cases and 33,330 new deaths of PCa are estimated in 2020. Androgen and androgen receptor pathways played essential roles in the pathogenesis of PCa. Androgen depletion therapy is the most used therapies for primary PCa patients. However, due to the high relapse and mortality of PCa, developing novel noninvasive therapies have become the focus of research. Melatonin is an indole-like neurohormone mainly produced in the human pineal gland with a prominent anti-oxidant property. The anti-tumor ability of melatonin has been substantially confirmed and several related articles have also reported the inhibitory effect of melatonin on PCa, while reviews of this inhibitory effect of melatonin on PCa in recent 10 years are absent. Therefore, we systematically discuss the relationship between melatonin disruption and the risk of PCa, the mechanism of how melatonin inhibited PCa, and the synergistic benefits of melatonin and other drugs to summarize current understandings about the function of melatonin in suppressing human prostate cancer. We also raise several unsolved issues that need to be resolved to translate currently non-clinical trials of melatonin for clinic use. We hope this literature review could provide a solid theoretical basis for the future utilization of melatonin in preventing, diagnosing and treating human prostate cancer. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Shen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingao Ju
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fenfang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxue Yu
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoli Ma
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, China.,Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Euler Technology, ZGC Life Sciences Park, Beijing, China
| | - Tongzu Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. .,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China. .,Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. .,Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China. .,Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. .,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China. .,Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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