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Zhu N, Ni H, Guo S, Shen YQ, Chen Q. Bone complications of cancer treatment. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 130:102828. [PMID: 39270364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
With the advancements in conventional treatment modalities such as radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery, as well as the emergence of immunotherapy, the overall cure rate for solid tumor malignancies has experienced a significant increase. However, it is unfortunate that exposure to cancer treatments can have detrimental effects on the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, disturbing bone metabolic homeostasis in patients, as well as causing damage to bone marrow cells and other bone tissues. Consequently, certain tumor treatment options may pose a risk for subsequent bone diseases. Common bone disorders associated with cancer treatment include osteonecrosis, bone loss, and secondary bone tumors. (1)Cancer treatment-related osteonecrosis is primarily linked to the use of radiation therapy and certain chemicals, such as bisphosphonates, denosumab, antiangiogenic agents, and immunomodulators. It has been observed that high-dose radiation therapy is more likely to result in osteonecrosis. (2)Chemicals and hormones, particularly sex hormones, glucocorticoids, and thyroid hormones or thyrotropic hormones, are among the factors that can contribute to cancer treatment-related bone loss. (3)Secondary bone tumors differ from metastases originating from primary tumors, and radiotherapy plays a significant role in their development, while chemotherapy may also exert some influence. Radiogenic secondary bone tumors are predominantly malignant, with osteosarcoma being the most common type. Chemotherapy may be a risk factor for the relatively rare occurrence of secondary Ewing sarcoma of the bone. These treatment-related bone disorders have a considerable adverse impact on the prognosis of cancer patients. Hence, it is imperative to prioritize the bone health of patients undergoing cancer treatment and give it further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hao Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shengzhao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying-Qiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Dhayihi TM, Haqawi NF, Hakami SA, Harthi FM, Moafa SH, Alawi YM, Abutaleb YB, Areshy NI, Hendi AM. Knowledge and Practice toward DEXA Scan among Women in Jazan City, Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1459. [PMID: 39120162 PMCID: PMC11311830 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12151459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis, characterized by reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk, presents a significant public health challenge. Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scans offer a reliable means of assessing bone mineral density (BMD) and detecting osteoporosis. The aim of this study is to assess awareness, attitude, and practice of women in the Jazan region toward DEXA scan. Methods: Data were collected through a self-administered online questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 29.0. The total knowledge scores of participants were calculated to assess potential associations with sociodemographic data. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 400 women, 230 (57.5%) had low knowledge scores primarily due to poor knowledge of the DEXA scan procedure. Merely 39 women had undergone a DEXA scan mainly due to medical prescription (n = 22, 56.4%). Total knowledge scores were significantly higher among women with high monthly incomes (p = 0.019) and those working in medical-related jobs (p = 0.017). Conclusions: This study underscores the need for targeted interventions to improve awareness of DEXA scans among women in Jazan City. Additionally, the findings suggest that socioeconomic factors may influence awareness levels, emphasizing the importance of tailored educational strategies to reach diverse demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki M. Dhayihi
- Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (N.F.H.); (S.A.H.); (F.M.H.); (S.H.M.); (Y.M.A.); (Y.B.A.); (N.I.A.); (A.M.H.)
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Liu Z, Kuang S, Chen Q. A review focusing on the role of pyroptosis in prostate cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36605. [PMID: 38115248 PMCID: PMC10727670 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the types of programmed cell death, pyroptosis has become a focus of research in recent years. Numerous studies have shown that pyroptosis plays a regulatory role in tumor cell invasiveness, differentiation, proliferation, and metastasis. It has been demonstrated that pyroptosis is involved in the regulation of signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa). Furthermore, the loss of expression of pyroptosis-related genes in PCa has been reported, and pyroptosis-related genes have demonstrated a considerable ability in predicting the prognosis of PCa. Therefore, the potential role of pyroptosis in regulating the development of PCa warrants further investigation and attention. In this review, we summarize the basics of the role of pyroptosis and also discuss research into the mechanisms of action associated with pyroptosis in PCa. It is hoped that by exploring the potential of the pyroptosis pathway in intervening in PCa, it will provide a viable direction for the diversification of PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhewen Liu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shida Kuang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qihua Chen
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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Wang Y, Ma Y, Jiang K. The role of ferroptosis in prostate cancer: a novel therapeutic strategy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2023; 26:25-29. [PMID: 36056183 PMCID: PMC10023567 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-022-00583-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of prostate cancer is the second most among male cancers after lung cancer. Prostate cancer develops rapidly and is inclined to metastasize, and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) can be formed in the later stage, which brings great challenges to the prognosis and treatment. At present, the main treatment of prostate cancer is generally divided into four methods: surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and endocrine therapy. However, the efficacy of these methods fails to satisfy the demands of patient prognosis. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered iron-dependent process, characterized by lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis is associated with many diseases, especially tumor growth. In recent years, inhibiting tumor growth and overcoming tumor drug resistance by inducing ferroptosis has become a hot research topic. Previous studies have shown that induction of ferroptosis may be a new treatment for prostate cancer. We review the research progress of ferroptosis in prostate cancer in order to provide highly effective therapies for patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yifan Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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Coelingh Bennink HJT, Krijgh J, Egberts JFM, Slootweg M, van Melick HHE, Roos EPM, Somford DM, Zimmerman Y, Schultz IJ, Clarke NW, van Moorselaar RJA, Debruyne FMJ. Maintaining bone health by estrogen therapy in patients with advanced prostate cancer: a narrative review. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:e220182. [PMID: 36283120 PMCID: PMC9716371 DOI: 10.1530/ec-22-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in prostate cancer (PCa), using luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists (LHRHa) or gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonists, is to suppress the levels of testosterone. Since testosterone is the precursor of estradiol (E2), one of the major undesired effects of ADT is the concomitant loss of E2, causing among others an increased bone turnover and bone loss and an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Therefore, the guidelines for ADT indicate to combine ADT routinely with bone-sparing agents such as bisphosphonates, denosumab or selective estrogen receptor modulators. However, these compounds may have side effects and some require inconvenient parenteral administration. Co-treatment with estrogens is an alternative approach to prevent bone loss and at the same time, to avoid other side effects caused by the loss of estrogens, which is the topic explored in the present narrative review. Estrogens investigated in PCa patients include parenteral or transdermal E2, diethylstilbestrol (DES), and ethinylestradiol (EE) as monotherapy, or high-dose estetrol (HDE4) combined with ADT. Cardiovascular adverse events have been reported with parenteral E2, DES and EE. Encouraging effects on bone parameters have been obtained with transdermal E2 (tE2) and HDE4, in the tE2 development program (PATCH study), and in the LHRHa/HDE4 co-treatment study (PCombi), respectively. Confirmation of the beneficial effects of estrogen therapy with tE2 or HDE4 on bone health in patients with advanced PCa is needed, with special emphasis on bone mass and fracture rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Krijgh
- Pantarhei Oncology, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Erik P M Roos
- Department of Urology, Antonius Hospital, Sneek, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik M Somford
- Department of Urology, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Noel W Clarke
- The Christie and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trusts, Manchester, UK
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