1
|
Schröder C, Tang H, Lenffer B, Buchali A, Zwahlen DR, Förster R, Windisch P. Re-irradiation to the prostate using stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) after initial definitive radiotherapy - A systematic review and meta-analysis of recent trials. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2024; 48:100806. [PMID: 39044780 PMCID: PMC11263509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2024.100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing data on re-irradiation to the prostate using stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) after definitive radiotherapy for prostate cancer, with increasing evidence on prostate re-irradiation using a C-arm LINAC or an MR LINAC in recent years. We therefore conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis on prostate re-irradiation including studies published from 2020 to 2023, to serve as an update on existing meta-analysis. Methods We searched the PubMed and Embase databases in October 2023 with queries including combinations of "repeat", "radiotherapy", "prostate", "re-irradiation", "reirradiation", "re treatment", "SBRT", "retreatment". Publication date was set to be from 2020 to 2023. There was no limitation regarding language. We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. After data extraction, heterogeneity testing was done by calculating the I2. A random effects model with a restricted maximum likelihood estimator was used to estimate the combined effect. Funnel plot asymmetry was assessed visually and using Egger's test to estimate the presence of publication and/or small study bias. Results 14 publications were included in the systematic review. The rates of acute ≥ grade 2 (G2) genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities reported in the included studies ranged from 0.0-30.0 % and 0.0-25.0 % respectively. For late ≥ G2 GU and GI toxicity, the ranges are 4.0-51.8 % and 0.0-25.0 %. The pooled rate of acute GU and GI toxicity ≥ G2 were 13 % (95 % CI: 7-18 %) and 2 % (95 % CI: 0-4 %). For late GU and GI toxicity ≥ G2 the pooled rates were 25 % (95 % CI: 14-35 %) and 5 % (95 % CI: 1-9 %). The pooled 2-year biochemical recurrence-free survival was 72 % (95 % CI: 64-92 %). Conclusions SBRT in the re-irradiation of radiorecurrent prostate cancer is safe and effective. Further prospective data are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schröder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Hongjian Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Bianca Lenffer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - André Buchali
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Fehrbelliner Strasse 38, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Daniel Rudolf Zwahlen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Robert Förster
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital (Bern University Hospital), University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paul Windisch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huma C, Hawon L, Sarisha J, Erdal T, Kevin C, Valentina KA. Advances in the field of developing biomarkers for re-irradiation: a how-to guide to small, powerful data sets and artificial intelligence. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2024; 9:3-16. [PMID: 38550554 PMCID: PMC10972602 DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2024.2325936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Patient selection remains challenging as the clinical use of re-irradiation (re-RT) increases. Re-RT data is limited to retrospective studies and small prospective single-institution reports, resulting in small, heterogenous data sets. Validated prognostic and predictive biomarkers are derived from large-volume studies with long-term follow-up. This review aims to examine existing re-RT publications and available data sets and discuss strategies using artificial intelligence (AI) to approach small data sets to optimize the use of re-RT data. Methods Re-RT publications were identified where associated public data was present. The existing literature on small data sets to identify biomarkers was also explored. Results Publications with associated public data were identified, with glioma and nasopharyngeal cancers emerging as the most common tumor sites where the use of re-RT was the primary management approach. Existing and emerging AI strategies have been used to approach small data sets including data generation, augmentation, discovery, and transfer learning. Conclusions Further data is needed to generate adaptive frameworks, improve the collection of specimens for molecular analysis, and improve the interpretability of results in re-RT data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaudhry Huma
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Lee Hawon
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Jagasia Sarisha
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Tasci Erdal
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Camphausen Kevin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Krauze Andra Valentina
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Francolini G, Carnevale MG, Di Cataldo V, Loi M, Detti B, Orsatti C, Caprara L, Bertini N, Lorenzetti V, Olmetto E, Becherini C, Visani L, Salvestrini V, Simontacchi G, Greto D, Bonomo P, Doro R, Masi L, Desideri I, Meattini I, Serni S, Livi L. Stereotactic reirradiation with Cyberknife R for locally recurrent prostate cancer, long-term toxicity and clinical outcomes from a monocentric cohort. LA RADIOLOGIA MEDICA 2023; 128:1580-1588. [PMID: 37728816 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-023-01721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Up to 47% of patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa) treated with radiotherapy (EBRT) eventually develop local recurrence. To date, no clear consensus exists on optimal management. A growing body of interest supports the use of stereotaxic re-irradiation (rSBRT), with promising oncological outcomes and low toxicity profile. We collected a single-center case series of locally recurrent PCa who underwent re-irradiation after a previous course of postoperative or definitive radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS Data from 101 patients treated at our institution for locally recurrent PCa from June 2012 to June 2021 were retrospectively collected. Patients underwent rSBRT with CyberKnife system (Accuray Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA), delivered to intraprostatic or macroscopic recurrences within the prostate bed, for a total dose of 30 Gy in 5 fractions. RESULTS All patients received prior EBRT. The median EQD2 total dose was 75.0 Gy (range, 60-80 Gy). Thirty-two (32%) patients were receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) after prior biochemical recurrence. After a median follow-up of 57.8 months, BR occurred in 55 patients (54.5%), with a median BR-free survival (BRFS) of 40.4 months (95% C.I. 34.3-58.3). Thirty-two patients (31.7%) developed metastatic disease, with a median metastasis-free survival (MFS) not reached. PSA ≥ 2.5 ng/ml and ADT were associated with worst BRFS (26.06 vs. 39.3 months, p = 0.03 and 22.7 vs. 27 months, p = 0.01, respectively). Castration-resistant status and ADT were found to be predictive of worst MFS (34.1 vs. 50.5 months, p = 0.02 and 33.5 vs. 53.1 months, p = 0.002, respectively). Concomitant ADT was confirmed as an independent factor for MFS (HR 4.8, 95% CI 1.5-10.6, p = 0.007). No grade > /2 adverse were recorded. CONCLUSIONS After almost 5 years of follow-up, with a median BRFS of 40.4 months and no grade ≥ 2 AEs, CyberknifeR rSBRT proved effective and safe in a cohort of 101 patients affected by locally recurrent PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Francolini
- Radiation Oncology, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Careggi, Largo Brambilla 1, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Carnevale
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Mario Serio, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Vanessa Di Cataldo
- Radiation Oncology, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Careggi, Largo Brambilla 1, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Mauro Loi
- Radiation Oncology, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Careggi, Largo Brambilla 1, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Beatrice Detti
- Radiation Oncology, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Careggi, Largo Brambilla 1, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Carolina Orsatti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Mario Serio, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luisa Caprara
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Mario Serio, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bertini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Mario Serio, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Victoria Lorenzetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Mario Serio, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuela Olmetto
- Radiation Oncology, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Careggi, Largo Brambilla 1, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlotta Becherini
- Radiation Oncology, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Careggi, Largo Brambilla 1, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Visani
- CyberKnife Center, Istituto Fiorentino Di Cura E Assistenza (IFCA), Florence, Italy
| | - Viola Salvestrini
- CyberKnife Center, Istituto Fiorentino Di Cura E Assistenza (IFCA), Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Simontacchi
- Radiation Oncology, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Careggi, Largo Brambilla 1, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Greto
- Radiation Oncology, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Careggi, Largo Brambilla 1, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Bonomo
- Radiation Oncology, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Careggi, Largo Brambilla 1, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Raffaela Doro
- CyberKnife Center, Istituto Fiorentino Di Cura E Assistenza (IFCA), Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Masi
- CyberKnife Center, Istituto Fiorentino Di Cura E Assistenza (IFCA), Florence, Italy
| | - Isacco Desideri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Mario Serio, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Icro Meattini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Mario Serio, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sergio Serni
- Unit of Urological Robotic Surgery and Renal Transplantation, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, 50100, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50100, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Livi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Mario Serio, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou X, Zhu J, Zhou C, Wang W, Ding W, Chen M, Chen K, Li S, Chen X, Yang H. Failure patterns of locoregional recurrence after reducing target volumes in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving adaptive replanning during intensity-modulated radiotherapy: a single-center experience in China. Radiat Oncol 2023; 18:190. [PMID: 37974274 PMCID: PMC10652536 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-023-02373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous researches have demonstrated that adaptive replanning during intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) could enhance the prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the delineation of replanning target volumes remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of reducing target volumes through adaptive replanning during IMRT by analyzing long-term survival outcomes and failure patterns of locoregional recurrence in NPC. METHODS This study enrolled consecutive NPC patients who received IMRT at our hospital between August 2011 and April 2018. Patients with initially diagnosed, histologically verified, non-metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer were eligible for participation in this study. The location and extent of locoregional recurrences were transferred to pretreatment planning computed tomography for dosimetry analysis. RESULTS Among 274 patients, 100 (36.5%) received IMRT without replanning and 174 (63.5%) received IMRT with replanning. Five-year rates of locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) were 90.1% (95%CI, 84.8% to 95.4%) and 80.8% (95%CI, 72.0% to 89.6%) for patients with and without replanning, P = 0.045. There were 17 locoregional recurrences in 15 patients among patients with replanning, of which 1 (5.9%) was out-field and 16 (94.1%) were in-field. Among patients without replanning, 19 patients developed locoregional recurrences, of which 1 (5.3%) was out-field, 2 (10.5%) were marginal, and 16 (84.2%) were in-field. CONCLUSIONS In-field failure inside the high dose area was the most common locoregional recurrent pattern for non-metastatic NPC. Adapting the target volumes and modifying the radiation dose prescribed to the area of tumor reduction during IMRT was feasible and would not cause additional recurrence in the shrunken area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiate Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Enze Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Enze Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weijun Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Enze Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kuifei Chen
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuling Li
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Haihua Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Enze Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baty M, Pasquier D, Gnep K, Castelli J, Delaby N, Lacornerie T, de Crevoisier R. Achievable Dosimetric Constraints in Stereotactic Reirradiation for Recurrent Prostate Cancer. Pract Radiat Oncol 2023; 13:e515-e529. [PMID: 37295723 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stereotactic body radiation therapy has been proposed as a salvage treatment for recurrent prostate cancer after irradiation. One crucial issue is choosing appropriate dose-volume constraints (DVCs) during planning. The objectives of this study were to (1) quantify the proportion of patients respecting the DVCs according to the Urogenital Tumor Study Group GETUG-31 trial, testing 36 Gy in six fractions, (2) explain geometrically why the DVCs could not be respected, and (3) propose the most suitable DVCs. METHODS AND MATERIALS This retrospective dosimetric analysis included 141 patients treated for recurrent prostate cancer with Cyberknife (Accuray), according to GETUG-31 DVCs: V95% ≥ 95% for the planning target volume (PTV), V12Gy < 20% and V27Gy < 2 cc for the rectum, and V12Gy < 15% and V27Gy < 5 cc for the bladder. The percentage of patients not respecting the DVCs was quantified. Correlations between the DVCs and anatomic structures were examined. New DVCs were proposed. RESULTS Only 19% of patients respected all DVCs, with a mean PTV of 18.5 cc (range, 3-48 cc), although the mean PTV was 40.5 cc (range, 3-174 cc) in the whole series. A total of 98% of the patients with a clinical target volume (CTV)/prostate ratio >0.5 could not respect the DVCs in the organs at risk. The target coverage and organ-at-risk sparing decreased significantly with increase in the values of PTV, CTV, CTV/prostate ratio, the overlapping volume between the PTV and bladder wall and between the PTV and rectal wall. Threshold values of PTV, >20 cc and 40 cc, allowed for the PTV and bladder DVCs, respectively. To improve DVC respect in case of large target volume, we proposed the following new DVCs: V12Gy < 25% and 25% and V27Gy < 2 cc and 5 cc for the rectum and bladder, respectively. CONCLUSIONS GETUG-31 DVCs are achievable only for small target volumes (CTV more than half of the prostate). For a larger target volume, new DVCs have been proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Baty
- Department of Radiotherapy, Center Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
| | - David Pasquier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center Oscar Lambret, Lille University, France
| | - Khemara Gnep
- Department of Radiotherapy, Center Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Joel Castelli
- Department of Radiotherapy, Center Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France; Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Rennes, France
| | - Nolwenn Delaby
- Department of Medical Physics, Center Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Lacornerie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
| | - Renaud de Crevoisier
- Department of Radiotherapy, Center Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France; Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Rennes, France; Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Benitez CM, Steinberg ML, Cao M, Qi XS, Lamb JM, Kishan AU, Valle LF. MRI-Guided Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: The Next Frontier in Ultrahypofractionation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4657. [PMID: 37760626 PMCID: PMC10526919 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Technological advances in MRI-guided radiation therapy (MRIgRT) have improved real-time visualization of the prostate and its surrounding structures over CT-guided radiation therapy. Seminal studies have demonstrated safe dose escalation achieved through ultrahypofractionation with MRIgRT due to planning target volume (PTV) margin reduction and treatment gating. On-table adaptation with MRI-based technologies can also incorporate real-time changes in target shape and volume and can reduce high doses of radiation to sensitive surrounding structures that may move into the treatment field. Ongoing clinical trials seek to refine ultrahypofractionated radiotherapy treatments for prostate cancer using MRIgRT. Though these studies have the potential to demonstrate improved biochemical control and reduced side effects, limitations concerning patient treatment times and operational workflows may preclude wide adoption of this technology outside of centers of excellence. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of MRIgRT for prostate cancer, as well as clinical trials testing the efficacy and toxicity of ultrafractionation in patients with localized or post-prostatectomy recurrent prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luca F. Valle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6951, USA (X.S.Q.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu C, Murray V, Siddiq SS, Tyagi N, Reyngold M, Crane C, Otazo R. Real-time 4D MRI using MR signature matching (MRSIGMA) on a 1.5T MR-Linac system. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:10.1088/1361-6560/acf3cc. [PMID: 37619588 PMCID: PMC10513779 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acf3cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To develop real-time 4D MRI using MR signature matching (MRSIGMA) for volumetric motion imaging in patients with pancreatic cancer on a 1.5T MR-Linac system.Approach. Two consecutive MRI scans with 3D golden-angle radial stack-of-stars acquisitions were performed on ten patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer. The complete first scan (905 angles) was used to compute a 4D motion dictionary including ten pairs of 3D motion images and signatures. The second scan was used for real-time imaging, where each angle (275 ms) was processed separately to match it to one of the dictionary entries. The complete second scan was also used to compute a 4D reference to assess motion tracking performance.Dicecoefficients of the gross tumor volume (GTV) and two organs-at-risk (duodenum-stomach and small bowel) were calculated between signature matching and reference. In addition, volume changes, displacements, center of mass shifts, andDicescores over time were calculated to characterize motion.Main results. Total imaging latency of MRSIGMA (acquisition + matching) was less than 300 ms. TheDicecoefficients were 0.87 ± 0.06 (GTV), 0.86 ± 0.05 (duodenum-stomach), and 0.85 ± 0.05 (small bowel), which indicate high accuracy (high mean value) and low uncertainty (low standard deviation) of MRSIGMA for real-time motion tracking. The center of mass shift was 3.1 ± 2.0 mm (GTV), 5.3 ± 3.0 mm (duodenum-stomach), and 3.4 ± 1.5 mm (small bowel). TheDicescores over time (0.97 ± [0.01-0.03]) were similarly high for MRSIGMA and reference scans in all the three contours.Significance. This work demonstrates the feasibility of real-time 4D MRI using MRSIGMA for volumetric motion tracking on a 1.5T MR-Linac system. The high accuracy and low uncertainty of real-time MRSIGMA is an essential step towards continuous treatment adaptation of tumors affected by real-time respiratory motion and could ultimately improve treatment safety by optimizing ablative dose delivery near gastrointestinal organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Wu
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Victor Murray
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Syed S. Siddiq
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Neelam Tyagi
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Marsha Reyngold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Christopher Crane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ricardo Otazo
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Boldrini L, Romano A, Chiloiro G, Corradini S, De Luca V, Verusio V, D'Aviero A, Castelluccia A, Alitto AR, Catucci F, Grimaldi G, Trapp C, Hörner-Rieber J, Marchesano D, Frascino V, Mattiucci GC, Valentini V, Gentile P, Gambacorta MA. Magnetic resonance guided SBRT reirradiation in locally recurrent prostate cancer: a multicentric retrospective analysis. Radiat Oncol 2023; 18:84. [PMID: 37218005 PMCID: PMC10201772 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-023-02271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Reirradiation of prostate cancer (PC) local recurrences represents an emerging challenge for current radiotherapy. In this context, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) allows the delivery of high doses, with curative intent. Magnetic Resonance guided Radiation Therapy (MRgRT) has shown promising results in terms of safety, feasibility and efficacy of delivering SBRT thanks to the enhanced soft tissue contrast and the online adaptive workflow. This multicentric retrospective analysis evaluates the feasibility and efficacy of PC reirradiation, using a 0.35 T hybrid MR delivery unit. METHODS Patients affected by local recurrences of PC and treated in five institutions between 2019 and 2022 were retrospectively collected. All patients had undergone previous Radiation Therapy (RT) in definitive or adjuvant setting. Re-treatment MRgSBRT was delivered with a total dose ranging from 25 to 40 Gy in 5 fractions. Toxicity according to CTCAE v 5.0 and treatment response were assessed at the end of the treatment and at follow-up. RESULTS Eighteen patients were included in this analysis. All patients had previously undergone external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) up to a total dose of 59.36 to 80 Gy. Median cumulative biologically effective dose (BED) of SBRT re-treatment was 213,3 Gy (103,1-560), considering an α/β of 1.5. Complete response was achieved in 4 patients (22.2%). No grade ≥ 2 acute genitourinary (GU) toxicity events were recorded, while gastrointestinal (GI) acute toxicity events occurred in 4 patients (22.2%). CONCLUSION The low rates of acute toxicity of this experience encourages considering MRgSBRT a feasibile therapeutic approach for the treatment of clinically relapsed PC. Accurate gating of target volumes, the online adaptive planning workflow and the high definition of MRI treatment images allow delivering high doses to the PTV while efficiently sparing organs at risk (OARs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Boldrini
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Radiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Romano
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuditta Chiloiro
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefanie Corradini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Viola De Luca
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Verusio
- Istituto di Radiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea D'Aviero
- Radiation Oncology, Mater Olbia Hospital, Olbia, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Castelluccia
- Radiation Oncology, Ospedale San Pietro Fatebenefratelli di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy, Hospital "A. Perrino", ASL Brindisi, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Alitto
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gianmarco Grimaldi
- Radiation Oncology, Ospedale San Pietro Fatebenefratelli di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Trapp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Hörner-Rieber
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Domenico Marchesano
- Radiation Oncology, Ospedale San Pietro Fatebenefratelli di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Frascino
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Mattiucci
- Istituto di Radiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Radiation Oncology, Mater Olbia Hospital, Olbia, Sassari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Valentini
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Radiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Piercarlo Gentile
- Radiation Oncology, Ospedale San Pietro Fatebenefratelli di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Gambacorta
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Radiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bryant JM, Weygand J, Keit E, Cruz-Chamorro R, Sandoval ML, Oraiqat IM, Andreozzi J, Redler G, Latifi K, Feygelman V, Rosenberg SA. Stereotactic Magnetic Resonance-Guided Adaptive and Non-Adaptive Radiotherapy on Combination MR-Linear Accelerators: Current Practice and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2081. [PMID: 37046741 PMCID: PMC10093051 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is an effective radiation therapy technique that has allowed for shorter treatment courses, as compared to conventionally dosed radiation therapy. As its name implies, SBRT relies on daily image guidance to ensure that each fraction targets a tumor, instead of healthy tissue. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers improved soft-tissue visualization, allowing for better tumor and normal tissue delineation. MR-guided RT (MRgRT) has traditionally been defined by the use of offline MRI to aid in defining the RT volumes during the initial planning stages in order to ensure accurate tumor targeting while sparing critical normal tissues. However, the ViewRay MRIdian and Elekta Unity have improved upon and revolutionized the MRgRT by creating a combined MRI and linear accelerator (MRL), allowing MRgRT to incorporate online MRI in RT. MRL-based MR-guided SBRT (MRgSBRT) represents a novel solution to deliver higher doses to larger volumes of gross disease, regardless of the proximity of at-risk organs due to the (1) superior soft-tissue visualization for patient positioning, (2) real-time continuous intrafraction assessment of internal structures, and (3) daily online adaptive replanning. Stereotactic MR-guided adaptive radiation therapy (SMART) has enabled the safe delivery of ablative doses to tumors adjacent to radiosensitive tissues throughout the body. Although it is still a relatively new RT technique, SMART has demonstrated significant opportunities to improve disease control and reduce toxicity. In this review, we included the current clinical applications and the active prospective trials related to SMART. We highlighted the most impactful clinical studies at various tumor sites. In addition, we explored how MRL-based multiparametric MRI could potentially synergize with SMART to significantly change the current treatment paradigm and to improve personalized cancer care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen A. Rosenberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cozzi S, Finocchi Ghersi S, Bardoscia L, Najafi M, Blandino G, Alì E, Augugliaro M, Vigo F, Ruggieri MP, Cardano R, Giaccherini L, Iori F, Botti A, Trojani V, Ciammella P, Iotti C. Linac-based stereotactic salvage reirradiation for intraprostatic prostate cancer recurrence: toxicity and outcomes. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:554-564. [PMID: 36732443 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rates of local failure after curative radiotherapy for prostate cancer (PC) remain high despite more accurate locoregional treatments available, with one third of patients experiencing biochemical failure and clinical relapse occurring in 30-47% of cases. Today, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the treatment of choice in this setting, but with not negligible toxicity and low effects on local disease. Therefore, the treatment of intraprostatic PC recurrence represents a challenge for radiation oncologists. Prostate reirradiation (Re-I) might be a therapeutic possibility. We present our series of patients treated with salvage stereotactic Re‑I for intraprostatic recurrence of PC after radical radiotherapy, with the aim of evaluating feasibility and safety of linac-based prostate Re‑I. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated toxicities and outcomes of patients who underwent salvage reirradiation using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for intraprostatic PC recurrence. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years, histologically proven diagnosis of PC, salvage Re‑I for intraprostatic recurrence after primary radiotherapy for PC with curative intent, concurrent/adjuvant ADT with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) allowed, performance status ECOG 0-2, restaging choline/PSMA-PET/TC and prostate MRI after biochemical recurrence, and signed informed consent. RESULTS From January 2019 to April 2022, 20 patients were recruited. Median follow-up was 26.7 months (range 7-50). After SBRT, no patients were lost at follow-up and all are still alive. One- and 2‑year progression free survival (PFS) was 100% and 81.5%, respectively, while 2‑year biochemical progression-free survival (bFFS) was 88.9%. Four patients (20%) experienced locoregional lymph node progression and were treated with a further course of SBRT. Prostate reirradiation allowed the ADT start to be postponed for 12-39 months. Re‑I was well tolerated by all patients and none discontinued the treatment. No cases of ≥ G3 genitourinary (GU) or gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity were reported. Seven (35%) and 2 (10%) patients experienced acute G1 and G2 GU toxicity, respectively. Late GU toxicity was recorded in 10 (50%) patients, including 8 (40%) G1 and 2 (10%) G2. ADT-related side effects were found in 7 patients (hot flashes and asthenia). CONCLUSION Linac-based SBRT is a safe technique for performing Re‑I for intraprostatic recurrence after primary curative radiotherapy for PC. Future prospective, randomized studies are desirable to better understand the effectiveness of reirradiation and the still open questions in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Cozzi
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy. .,Radiation Oncology Department, Centre Lèon Bèrard, Lyon, France.
| | - Sebastiano Finocchi Ghersi
- Radiation Oncolgy Unit, AOU Sant'Andrea, Facoltà di Medicina e Psicologia, Università La Sapienza, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lilia Bardoscia
- Radiation Oncology Unit, S. Luca Hospital, Healthcare Company Tuscany Nord Ovest, 55100, Lucca, Italy
| | - Masoumeh Najafi
- Skull Base Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, 1997667665, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gladys Blandino
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Alì
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Matteo Augugliaro
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Federica Vigo
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Ruggieri
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Cardano
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lucia Giaccherini
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Federico Iori
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Andrea Botti
- Medical Physics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Valeria Trojani
- Medical Physics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ciammella
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Iotti
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ng J, Gregucci F, Pennell RT, Nagar H, Golden EB, Knisely JPS, Sanfilippo NJ, Formenti SC. MRI-LINAC: A transformative technology in radiation oncology. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1117874. [PMID: 36776309 PMCID: PMC9911688 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1117874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in radiotherapy technologies have enabled more precise target guidance, improved treatment verification, and greater control and versatility in radiation delivery. Amongst the recent novel technologies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) may hold the greatest potential to improve the therapeutic gains of image-guided delivery of radiation dose. The ability of the MRI linear accelerator (LINAC) to image tumors and organs with on-table MRI, to manage organ motion and dose delivery in real-time, and to adapt the radiotherapy plan on the day of treatment while the patient is on the table are major advances relative to current conventional radiation treatments. These advanced techniques demand efficient coordination and communication between members of the treatment team. MRgRT could fundamentally transform the radiotherapy delivery process within radiation oncology centers through the reorganization of the patient and treatment team workflow process. However, the MRgRT technology currently is limited by accessibility due to the cost of capital investment and the time and personnel allocation needed for each fractional treatment and the unclear clinical benefit compared to conventional radiotherapy platforms. As the technology evolves and becomes more widely available, we present the case that MRgRT has the potential to become a widely utilized treatment platform and transform the radiation oncology treatment process just as earlier disruptive radiation therapy technologies have done.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Ng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: John Ng,
| | - Fabiana Gregucci
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Department of Radiation Oncology, Miulli General Regional Hospital, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari, Italy
| | - Ryan T. Pennell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Himanshu Nagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Encouse B. Golden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Silvia C. Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Emergence of MR-Linac in Radiation Oncology: Successes and Challenges of Riding on the MRgRT Bandwagon. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175136. [PMID: 36079065 PMCID: PMC9456673 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The special issue of JCM on “Advances of MRI in Radiation Oncology” provides a unique forum for scientific literature related to MR imaging in radiation oncology. This issue covered many aspects, such as MR technology, motion management, economics, soft-tissue–air interface issues, and disease sites such as the pancreas, spine, sarcoma, prostate, head and neck, and rectum from both camps—the Unity and MRIdian systems. This paper provides additional information on the success and challenges of the two systems. A challenging aspect of this technology is low throughput and the monumental task of education and training that hinders its use for the majority of therapy centers. Additionally, the cost of this technology is too high for most institutions, and hence widespread use is still limited. This article highlights some of the difficulties and how to resolve them.
Collapse
|