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An optimized herbal medicine containing Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Alisma orientale Juzepzuk, and Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi has potent antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities. J Tradit Complement Med 2023; 13:285-296. [PMID: 37128192 PMCID: PMC10148138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Platelet-derived thrombosis is important in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. HTB is an optimized herbal medicine including Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Alisma orientale Juzepzuk, and Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi. It is widely used in traditional medicine due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, its antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities have not been completely validated. The current study aimed to examine the inhibitory effect of the novel herb formula HTB against platelet activation and thrombus formation. Experimental procedure The antiplatelet activities of HTB via platelet aggregation, granule secretion, reactive oxygen species generation, and intracellular calcium mobilization were evaluated. Moreover, the antithrombotic effect of HTB via FeCl3-induced arterial thrombus formation in vivo in mice was assessed. The inhibitory effect of HTB against primary hemostasis was investigated based on transection tail bleeding time. Results and conclusion HTB treatment significantly inhibited glycoprotein VI-mediated platelet aggregation, granule secretion, reactive oxygen species generation, and intracellular calcium mobilization. Biochemical studies revealed that HTB inhibited glycoprotein VI-mediated platelet signal transduction during cell activation. Further, its antioxidant effect might be derived by reducing the phosphorylation of the p47phox/Hic5 axis signalosome. Oral HTB treatment was effective in decreasing FeCl3-induced arterial thrombus formation without prolonging the tail bleeding time. HTB can be an effective therapeutic agent against thrombotic diseases.
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Yu CC, Liu LB, Chen SY, Wang XF, Wang L, Du YJ. Ancient Chinese Herbal Recipe Huanglian Jie Du Decoction for Ischemic Stroke: An Overview of Current Evidence. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1733-1744. [PMID: 36465168 PMCID: PMC9662271 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and neurological morbidity worldwide. The underlying pathophysiology of ischemic stroke is highly complicated and correlates with various pathological processes, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress injury, altered cell apoptosis and autophagy, excitotoxicity, and acidosis. The current treatment for ischemic stroke is limited to thrombolytic therapy such as recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. However, tissue plasminogen activator is limited by a very narrow therapeutic time window (<4.5 hours), selective efficacy, and hemorrhagic complication. Hence, the development of novel therapies to prevent ischemic damage to the brain is urgent. Chinese herbal medicine has a long history in treating stroke and its sequela. In the past decades, extensive studies have focused on the neuroprotective effects of Huanglian Jie Du decoction (HLJDD), an ancient and classical Chinese herbal formula that can treat a wide spectrum of disorders including ischemic stroke. In this review, the current evidence of HLJDD and its bioactive components for ischemic stroke is comprehensively reviewed, and their potential application directions in ischemic stroke management are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Chao Yu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Le-Bin Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Rongjun Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Shi-Yuan Chen
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Li Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Yan-Jun Du
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Tao Q, Xiao G, Wang T, Zhang L, Yu M, Peng L, Han L, Du X, Han W, He S, Lyu M, Zhu Y. Identification of linoleic acid as an antithrombotic component of Wenxin Keli via selective inhibition of p-selectin-mediated platelet activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Kala C, Asif M, Gilani SJ, Imam SS, Khan NA, Taleuzzaman M, Zafar A, Ahmed MM, Alshehri S, Ghoneim MM. Formulation of Isopropyl Isothiocyanate Loaded Nano Vesicles Delivery Systems: In Vitro Characterization and In Vivo Assessment. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092876. [PMID: 35566224 PMCID: PMC9104827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Isopropyl Isothiocyanate (IPI) is a poorly water-soluble drug used in different biological activities. So, the present work was designed to prepare and evaluate IPI loaded vesicles and evaluated for vesicle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, drug release, and drug permeation. The selected formulation was coated with chitosan and further assessed for the anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic activity. The prepared IPI vesicles (F3) exhibited a vesicle size of 298 nm ± 5.1, the zeta potential of −18.7 mV, encapsulation efficiency of 86.2 ± 5.3% and PDI of 0.33. The chitosan-coated IPI vesicles (F3C) exhibited an increased size of 379 ± 4.5 nm, a positive zeta potential of 23.5 ± 2.8 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 77.3 ± 4.1%. IPI chitosan vesicle (F3C) showed enhanced mucoadhesive property (2.7 folds) and intestinal permeation (~1.8-fold) higher than IPI vesicles (F3). There was a significant (p < 0.05) enhancement in size, muco-adhesion, and permeation flux achieved after coating with chitosan. The IPI chitosan vesicle (F3C) demonstrated an enhanced bleeding time of 525.33 ± 12.43 s, anti-thrombin activity of 59.72 ± 4.21, and inhibition of platelet aggregation 68.64 ± 3.99%, and anti-platelet activity of 99.47%. The results of the study suggest that IPI chitosan vesicles showed promising in vitro results, as well as improved anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic activity compared to pure IPI and IPI vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Kala
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Maulana Azad University, Jodhpur 342802, Rajasthan, India
- Correspondence: (C.K.); (S.S.I.)
| | - Mohammad Asif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lachoo Memorial College of Science and Technology, Sector-A, Shastri Nagar, Jodhpur 342001, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Sadaf Jamal Gilani
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Preparatory Year, Princess Nourah Bint Adbulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (C.K.); (S.S.I.)
| | - Najam Ali Khan
- GMS College of Pharmacy, Shakarpur, Rajabpur, Amroha 244236, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Mohamad Taleuzzaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Maulana Azad University, Jodhpur 342802, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Ameeduzzafar Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Almaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
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Kim TI, Kim YJ, Kim K. Extract of Seaweed Codium fragile Inhibits Integrin αIIbβ3-Induced Outside-in Signaling and Arterial Thrombosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:685948. [PMID: 34276375 PMCID: PMC8283197 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.685948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are thought to be promising candidates for functional foods and to help prevent thrombotic and related cardiovascular diseases. Codium fragile (Suringer) Hariot has been traditionally used as a culinary ingredient, and it possesses a range of biological activities, including the inhibition of platelet function. However, the mechanism of this inhibition is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the inhibitory effect of C. fragile in platelet function. The antiplatelet activity of C. fragile on agonist-activated platelet aggregation, granule secretion, calcium mobilization, platelet spreading, and clot retraction was assessed. The phosphorylation of c-Src, Syk, PLCγ2, and several proteins involving in the αIIbβ3 integrin outside-in signaling pathway were also studied in thrombin and CRP-stimulated platelets. The antithrombotic effect was investigated in mice using ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombus formation in vivo. Transection tail bleeding time was used to evaluate whether C. fragile inhibited primary hemostasis. The main components and contents of C. fragile ethanol extract were confirmed by GC-MS analysis. C. fragile significantly impaired agonist-induced platelet aggregation granule secretion, calcium mobilization, platelet spreading, and clot retraction. Biochemical analysis revealed that C. fragile inhibited the agonist-induced activation of c-Src, Syk, and PLCγ2, as well as the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The inhibitory effect of C. fragile resulted from an inhibition of platelet αIIbβ3 integrin outside-in signal transduction during cell activation. Oral administration of C. fragile efficiently blocked FeCl3-induced arterial thrombus formation in vivo without prolonging bleeding time. GC-MS analysis revealed that phytol was the main constituent and the total content of isomers was 160.8 mg/kg. Our results demonstrated that C. fragile suppresses not only the inside-out signaling of αIIbβ3 integrin but also outside-in signal transmission. Therefore, C. fragile could be an effective antiplatelet therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae In Kim
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Ji Kim
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyungho Kim
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
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Beura SK, Panigrahi AR, Yadav P, Singh SK. Phytochemicals as Potential Therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2-Induced Cardiovascular Complications: Thrombosis and Platelet Perspective. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:658273. [PMID: 33981235 PMCID: PMC8107428 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.658273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
After gaining entry through ACE2 aided by TMPRSS2, the SARS-CoV-2 causes serious complications of the cardiovascular system leading to myocarditis and other myocardial injuries apart from causing lung, kidney and brain dysfunctions. Here in this review, we are going to divulge the cellular and immunological mechanisms behind the cardiovascular, thrombotic and platelet impairments that are caused in COVID-19. In addition, we also propose the significance of various anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic phytochemicals in the treatment of COVID-19. The virus induces many immune-modulatory cytokines and chemokines which help in the intravascular coagulation and create a pro-thrombotic environment along with pulmonary embolism and thrombocytopenia. Different types of innate and adaptive immune cells and their granular contents regulate the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 induced endothelial and platelet dysfunctions which correlate the involvement of platelets with myocardial injury and intravascular thrombi directly or indirectly. Hence, by exploiting the natural bioactive compounds from medicinal plants and inhibiting the platelet mediated thrombus formation can be beneficial for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir K Beura
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Abhishek R Panigrahi
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sunil K Singh
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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Oh TW, Do HJ, Jeon JH, Kim K. Quercitrin inhibits platelet activation in arterial thrombosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 80:153363. [PMID: 33070081 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ingestion of flavonoids has been reported to be associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk. Quercitrin is a common flavonoid in nature, and it exhibits antioxidant properties. Although the process of thrombogenesis is intimately related to cardiovascular disease risk, it is unclear whether quercitrin plays a role in thrombogenesis. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the antiplatelet effect of quercitrin in platelet activation. METHODS Platelet aggregation, granule secretion, calcium mobilization, and integrin activation were used to assess the antiplatelet activity of quercitrin. Antithrombotic effect was determined in mouse using ferric chloride (FeCl3)-induced arterial thrombus formation in vivo and thrombus formation on collagen-coated surfaces under arteriolar shear in vitro. Transection tail bleeding time was used to evaluate whether quercitrin inhibited primary hemostasis. RESULTS Quercitrin significantly impaired collagen-related peptide-induced platelet aggregation, granule secretion, reactive oxygen species generation, and intracellular calcium mobilization. Outside-in signaling of αIIbβ3 integrin was significantly inhibited by quercitrin in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of quercitrin resulted from inhibition of the glycoprotein VI-mediated platelet signal transduction during cell activation. Further, the antioxidant effect is derived from decreased phosphorylation of components of the TNF receptor-associated factor 4/p47phox/Hic5 axis signalosome. Oral administration of quercitrin efficiently blocked FeCl3-induced arterial thrombus formation in vivo and thrombus formation on collagen-coated surfaces under arteriolar shear in vitro, without prolonging bleeding time. Studies using a mouse model of ischemia/reperfusion-induced stroke indicated that treatment with quercitrin reduced the infarct volume in stroke. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that quercitrin could be an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of thrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Oh
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Do
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Kim
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Obrenovich M, Tabrez S, Siddiqui B, McCloskey B, Perry G. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis-Heart Shunt Part II: Prosaic Foods and the Brain-Heart Connection in Alzheimer Disease. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E493. [PMID: 32244373 PMCID: PMC7232206 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a strong cerebrovascular component to brain aging, Alzheimer disease, and vascular dementia. Foods, common drugs, and the polyphenolic compounds contained in wine modulate health both directly and through the gut microbiota. This observation and novel findings centered on nutrition, biochemistry, and metabolism, as well as the newer insights we gain into the microbiota-gut-brain axis, now lead us to propose a shunt to this classic triad, which involves the heart and cerebrovascular systems. The French paradox and prosaic foods, as they relate to the microbiota-gut-brain axis and neurodegenerative diseases, are discussed in this manuscript, which is the second part of a two-part series of concept papers addressing the notion that the microbiota and host liver metabolism all play roles in brain and heart health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Obrenovich
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland, Department of Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- The Gilgamesh Foundation for Medical Science and Research, Cleveland, OH 44116, USA;
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bushra Siddiqui
- North East Ohio College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
| | - Benjamin McCloskey
- The Gilgamesh Foundation for Medical Science and Research, Cleveland, OH 44116, USA;
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;
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