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Li CW, Chao TL, Lai CL, Lin CC, Pan MYC, Cheng CL, Kuo CJ, Wang LHC, Chang SY, Liang PH. Systematic Studies on the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Mechanisms of Tea Polyphenol-Related Natural Products. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:23984-23997. [PMID: 38854515 PMCID: PMC11154727 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The causative pathogen of COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), utilizes the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein to bind to human receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Further cleavage of spike by human proteases furin, TMPRSS2, and/or cathepsin L facilitates viral entry into the host cells for replication, where the maturation of polyproteins by 3C-like protease (3CLpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro) yields functional nonstructural proteins (NSPs) such as RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) to synthesize mRNA of structural proteins. By testing the tea polyphenol-related natural products through various assays, we found that the active antivirals prevented SARS-CoV-2 entry by blocking the RBD/ACE2 interaction and inhibiting the relevant human proteases, although some also inhibited the viral enzymes essential for replication. Due to their multitargeting properties, these compounds were often misinterpreted for their antiviral mechanisms. In this study, we provide a systematic protocol to check and clarify their anti-SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms, which should be applicable for all of the antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Li
- Institute
of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ling Chao
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lan Lai
- Institute
of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Lin
- Institute
of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Max Yu-Chen Pan
- Institute
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Ling Cheng
- Institute
of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Kuo
- Department
of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing
University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Lily Hui-Ching Wang
- Institute
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan
University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Po-Huang Liang
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Deng X, Lv C, Wang T, Guo J, Luo R, Qi J, Sima M, Yue D, Gao Y. Antiviral activity of theaflavins against Zika virus in vivo and in vitro. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:571-578. [PMID: 38036028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence and infection of the Zika virus (ZIKV) have recently posed a major threat to global public health security. However, there is currently a lack of specific vaccines and effective antiviral drugs for ZIKV infection. METHODS Theaflavins TF1 and TF2 were selected by evaluating the anti-Zika virus activity of four kinds of theaflavins in vitro. Subsequently, in vivo, we investigated the effects of TF1 and TF2 on weight, survival, tissue viral load, and cytokines in ZIKV-infected mice. RESULTS We compared the anti-ZIKV activity of four theaflavins (TFs) in cells and found that TF1 and TF2b significantly inhibited the replication of ZIKV/Z16006 toxic strain in BHK and Vero cells by inhibiting the replication and release of ZIKV, while no similar effects were observed for TF2a and TF3. In vivo assay, we only found that TF2b improved the survival rate of infected mice. In tissues of ZIKV-infected mice, the viral load was higher in spleen and blood, followed by liver, epididymis, and testis, the lowest in muscle. Additionally, TF2b treatment significantly reduced the expression of cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) and chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10) induced by ZIKV infection. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that TF2b has a potent antiviral effect and can be used as a potential candidate for the treatment of ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Deng
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Chaoxiang Lv
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Jin Guo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Rongbo Luo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; College of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mingwei Sima
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Donghui Yue
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
| | - Yuwei Gao
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
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Dobhal K, Garg R, Singh A, Semwal A. Insight into the Natural Biomolecules (BMs): Promising Candidates as Zika Virus Inhibitors. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:e020224226681. [PMID: 38318833 DOI: 10.2174/0118715265272414231226092146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is among the relatively new infectious disease threats that include SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, monkeypox (Mpox) virus, etc. ZIKV has been reported to cause severe health risks to the fetus. To date, satisfactory treatment is still not available for the treatment of ZIKV infection. This review examines the last five years of work using natural biomolecules (BMs) to counteract the ZIKV through virtual screening and in vitro investigations. Virtual screening has identified doramectin, pinocembrin, hesperidins, epigallocatechin gallate, pedalitin, and quercetin as potentially active versus ZIKV infection. In vitro, testing has shown that nordihydroguaiaretic acid, mefloquine, isoquercitrin, glycyrrhetinic acid, patentiflorin-A, rottlerin, and harringtonine can reduce ZIKV infections in cell lines. However, in vivo, testing is limited, fortunately, emetine, rottlerin, patentiflorin-A, and lycorine have shown in vivo anti- ZIKV potential. This review focuses on natural biomolecules that show a particularly high selective index (>10). There is limited in vivo and clinical trial data for natural BMs, which needs to be an active area of investigation. This review aims to compile the known reference data and discuss the barriers associated with discovering and using natural BM agents to control ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Dobhal
- College of Pharmacy, Shivalik College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ruchika Garg
- School of Pharmacy, Maharaja Agrasen Universities, Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Alka Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Semwal
- College of Pharmacy, Shivalik College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Wang L, Zhou R, Liu Y, Guo S, Yi D, Zhao J, Li Q, Zhang Y, Liang C, Wang J, Shan G, Cen S. A cell-based assay to discover inhibitors of Zika virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Virology 2024; 589:109939. [PMID: 37979208 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to Flaviviridae, the Flavivirus genus. Its infection causes congenital brain abnormalities and Guillain-Barré syndrome. However, there are no effective vaccines, no FDA-approved drugs to manage ZIKV infection. The non-structural protein NS5 of ZIKV has been recognized as a valuable target of antivirals because of its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and methyltransferase (MTase) activities essential for viral RNA synthesis. Here, we report a cell-based assay for discovering inhibitors of ZIKV NS5 and found that 5-Azacytidine potently inhibits ZIKV NS5, with EC50 of 4.9 μM. Furthermore, 5-Azacytidine suppresses ZIKV replication by inhibiting NS5-mediated viral RNA transcription. Therefore, we have developed a cell-based ZIKV NS5 assay which can be deployed to discover ZIKV NS5 inhibitors and demonstrated the potential of 5-Azacytidine for further development as a ZIKV NS5 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantanxili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantanxili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yitong Liu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantanxili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Saisai Guo
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantanxili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Dongrong Yi
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantanxili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jianyuan Zhao
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantanxili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Quanjie Li
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantanxili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yongxin Zhang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantanxili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Jing Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantanxili, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Guangzhi Shan
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantanxili, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Shan Cen
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantanxili, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Diani E, Lagni A, Lotti V, Tonon E, Cecchetto R, Gibellini D. Vector-Transmitted Flaviviruses: An Antiviral Molecules Overview. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2427. [PMID: 37894085 PMCID: PMC10608811 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses cause numerous pathologies in humans across a broad clinical spectrum with potentially severe clinical manifestations, including hemorrhagic and neurological disorders. Among human flaviviruses, some viral proteins show high conservation and are good candidates as targets for drug design. From an epidemiological point of view, flaviviruses cause more than 400 million cases of infection worldwide each year. In particular, the Yellow Fever, dengue, West Nile, and Zika viruses have high morbidity and mortality-about an estimated 20,000 deaths per year. As they depend on human vectors, they have expanded their geographical range in recent years due to altered climatic and social conditions. Despite these epidemiological and clinical premises, there are limited antiviral treatments for these infections. In this review, we describe the major compounds that are currently under evaluation for the treatment of flavivirus infections and the challenges faced during clinical trials, outlining their mechanisms of action in order to present an overview of ongoing studies. According to our review, the absence of approved antivirals for flaviviruses led to in vitro and in vivo experiments aimed at identifying compounds that can interfere with one or more viral cycle steps. Still, the currently unavailability of approved antivirals poses a significant public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Diani
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.L.); (V.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Anna Lagni
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.L.); (V.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Virginia Lotti
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.L.); (V.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Emil Tonon
- Unit of Microbiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Cecchetto
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.L.); (V.L.); (R.C.)
- Unit of Microbiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Davide Gibellini
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.L.); (V.L.); (R.C.)
- Unit of Microbiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
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6
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Qin B, Li Z, Tang K, Wang T, Xie Y, Aumonier S, Wang M, Yuan S, Cui S. Identification of the SARS-unique domain of SARS-CoV-2 as an antiviral target. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3999. [PMID: 37414753 PMCID: PMC10326071 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 nsp3 is essential for viral replication and host responses. The SARS-unique domain (SUD) of nsp3 exerts its function through binding to viral and host proteins and RNAs. Herein, we show that SARS-CoV-2 SUD is highly flexible in solution. The intramolecular disulfide bond of SARS-CoV SUD is absent in SARS-CoV-2 SUD. Incorporating this bond in SARS-CoV-2 SUD allowed crystal structure determination to 1.35 Å resolution. However, introducing this bond in SARS-CoV-2 genome was lethal for the virus. Using biolayer interferometry, we screened compounds directly binding to SARS-CoV-2 SUD and identified theaflavin 3,3'-digallate (TF3) as a potent binder, Kd 2.8 µM. TF3 disrupted the SUD-guanine quadruplex interactions and exhibited anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in Vero E6-TMPRSS2 cells with an EC50 of 5.9 µM and CC50 of 98.5 µM. In this work, we provide evidence that SARS-CoV-2 SUD harbors druggable sites for antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Ziheng Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tongyun Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yubin Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sylvain Aumonier
- Swiss Light Source at the Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Meitian Wang
- Swiss Light Source at the Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Sheng Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, 100730, Beijing, China.
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7
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Pereira RS, Santos FCP, Campana PRV, Costa VV, de Pádua RM, Souza DG, Teixeira MM, Braga FC. Natural Products and Derivatives as Potential Zika virus Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051211. [PMID: 37243296 DOI: 10.3390/v15051211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus whose infection in humans can lead to severe outcomes. This article reviews studies reporting the anti-ZIKV activity of natural products (NPs) and derivatives published from 1997 to 2022, which were carried out with NPs obtained from plants (82.4%) or semisynthetic/synthetic derivatives, fungi (3.1%), bacteria (7.6%), animals (1.2%) and marine organisms (1.9%) along with miscellaneous compounds (3.8%). Classes of NPs reported to present anti-ZIKV activity include polyphenols, triterpenes, alkaloids, and steroids, among others. The highest values of the selectivity index, the ratio between cytotoxicity and antiviral activity (SI = CC50/EC50), were reported for epigallocatechin gallate (SI ≥ 25,000) and anisomycin (SI ≥ 11,900) obtained from Streptomyces bacteria, dolastane (SI = 1246) isolated from the marine seaweed Canistrocarpus cervicorni, and the flavonol myricetin (SI ≥ 862). NPs mostly act at the stages of viral adsorption and internalization in addition to presenting virucidal effect. The data demonstrate the potential of NPs for developing new anti-ZIKV agents and highlight the lack of studies addressing their molecular mechanisms of action and pre-clinical studies of efficacy and safety in animal models. To the best of our knowledge, none of the active compounds has been submitted to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosângela Santos Pereira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Françoise Camila Pereira Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Maia de Pádua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniele G Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernão Castro Braga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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Huang Y, Gao C, Song W, Wei W, Chen X, Gao C, Liu J, Wu J, Liu L. Improving Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate Production Efficiency Optimization by Transition State Conformation of Polyphenol Oxidase. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093831. [PMID: 37175239 PMCID: PMC10179947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Theaflavins (TFs) are good for health because of their bioactivities. Enzymatic synthesis of TFs has garnered much attention; however, the source and activity of the enzymes needed limit their wide application. In this study, a microbial polyphenol oxidase from Bacillus megaterium was screened for the synthesis of theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TFDG). Based on structural and mechanistic analyses of the enzyme, the O-O bond dissociation was identified as the rate-determining step. To address this issue, a transition state (TS) conformation optimization strategy was adopted to stabilize the spatial conformation of the O-O bond dissociation, which improved the catalytic efficiency of tyrosinase. Under the optimum transformation conditions of pH 4.0, temperature 25 °C, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate/epicatechin gallate molar ratio of 2:1, and time of 30 min, Mu4 (BmTyrV218A/R209S) produced 960.36 mg/L TFDG with a 44.22% conversion rate, which was 6.35-fold higher than that of the wild type. Thus, the method established has great potential in the synthesis of TFDG and other TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Changzheng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wanqing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liming Liu
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Braun NJ, Huber S, Schmacke LC, Heine A, Steinmetzer T. Boroleucine-Derived Covalent Inhibitors of the ZIKV Protease. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200336. [PMID: 36325810 PMCID: PMC10100045 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) remains a potential threat to the public health due to the lack of both an approved vaccination or a specific treatment. In this work, a series of peptidic inhibitors of the ZIKV protease with boroleucine as P1 residue was synthesized. The highest affinities with Ki values down to 8 nM were observed for compounds with basic residues in both P2 and P3 position and at the N-terminus. The low potency of reference compounds containing leucine, leucine-amide or isopentylamide as P1 residue suggested a covalent binding mode of the boroleucine-derived inhibitors. This was finally proven by crystal structure determination of the most potent inhibitor from this series in complex with the ZIKV protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas J. Braun
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPhilipps University of MarburgMarbacher Weg 635032MarburgGermany
| | - Simon Huber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPhilipps University of MarburgMarbacher Weg 635032MarburgGermany
| | - Luna C. Schmacke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPhilipps University of MarburgMarbacher Weg 635032MarburgGermany
| | - Andreas Heine
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPhilipps University of MarburgMarbacher Weg 635032MarburgGermany
| | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPhilipps University of MarburgMarbacher Weg 635032MarburgGermany
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10
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Zika Virus Infection and Development of Drug Therapeutics. Appl Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol2040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus that is associated with neurological complications, such as neuroinflammatory Guillain Barré Syndrome in adults and microcephaly in newborns, and remains a potentially significant and international public health concern. The World Health Organization is urging the development of novel antiviral therapeutic strategies against ZIKV, as there are no clinically approved vaccines or drugs against this virus. Given the public health crisis that is related to ZIKV cases in the last decade, efficient strategies should be identified rapidly to combat or treat ZIKV infection. Several promising strategies have been reported through drug repurposing studies, de novo design, and the high-throughput screening of compound libraries in only a few years. This review summarizes the genome and structure of ZIKV, viral life cycle, transmission cycle, clinical manifestations, cellular and animal models, and antiviral drug developments, with the goal of increasing our understanding of ZIKV and ultimately defeating it.
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11
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Kumari R, Kumar V, Dhankhar P, Dalal V. Promising antivirals for PLpro of SARS-CoV-2 using virtual screening, molecular docking, dynamics, and MMPBSA. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-17. [PMID: 35510600 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2071340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The recent pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19) is a viral respiratory disease that has been spread all over the globe. Therefore, it is an urgent requirement to identify and develop drugs for this contagious infection. The papain-like protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 performs critical functions in virus replication and immune evasion, making it an enticing therapeutic target. SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV PLpro proteases have significant similarities, and an inhibitor discovered for SARS-CoV PLpro is an exciting first step toward therapeutic development. Here, a set of antiviral molecules were screened at the catalytic and S-binding allosteric sites of papain-like protease (PLpro). Molecular docking results suggested that five molecules (44560613, 136277567, S5652, SC75741, and S3833) had good binding affinities at both sites of PLpro. Molecular dynamics analysis like root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), radius of gyration (Rg), solvent accessible surface area (SASA), and hydrogen bond results showed that identified molecules with PLpro tend to form stable PLpro-inhibitor(s) complexes. Molecular Mechanics/Position-Boltzmann Surface Area (MMPBSA) analysis confirmed that antiviral molecules bound PLpro complex had lower energy (-184.72 ± 7.81 to -215.67 ± 6.73 kJ/mol) complexes. Noticeably, computational approaches revealed promising antivirals candidates for PLpro, which may be further tested by biochemical and cell-based assays to assess their potential for SARS-CoV-2.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Kumari
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, India
| | - Viney Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India
| | - Poonam Dhankhar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Vikram Dalal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis MO, USA
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12
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Huber S, Braun NJ, Schmacke LC, Quek JP, Murra R, Bender D, Hildt E, Luo D, Heine A, Steinmetzer T. Structure-Based Optimization and Characterization of Macrocyclic Zika Virus NS2B-NS3 Protease Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6555-6572. [PMID: 35475620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a human pathogenic arbovirus. So far, neither a specific treatment nor a vaccination against ZIKV infections has been approved. Starting from our previously described lead structure, a series of 29 new macrocyclic inhibitors of the Zika virus protease containing different linker motifs have been synthesized. By selecting hydrophobic d-amino acids as part of the linker, numerous inhibitors with Ki values < 5 nM were obtained. For 12 inhibitors, crystal structures in complex with the ZIKV protease up to 1.30 Å resolution were determined, which contribute to the understanding of the observed structure-activity relationship (SAR). In immunofluorescence assays, an antiviral effect was observed for compound 26 containing a d-homocyclohexylalanine residue in its linker segment. Due to its excellent selectivity profile and low cytotoxicity, this inhibitor scaffold could be a suitable starting point for the development of peptidic drugs against the Zika virus and related flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Huber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Niklas J Braun
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Luna C Schmacke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jun Ping Quek
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, EMB 03-07, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921.,NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, EMB 06-01, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
| | - Robin Murra
- Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Daniela Bender
- Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Eberhard Hildt
- Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Dahai Luo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, EMB 03-07, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921.,NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, EMB 06-01, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Andreas Heine
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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13
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Sundar S, Piramanayagam S, Natarajan J. A review on structural genomics approach applied for drug discovery against three vector-borne viral diseases: Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika. Virus Genes 2022; 58:151-171. [PMID: 35394596 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Structural genomics involves the advent of three-dimensional structures of the genome encoded proteins through various techniques available. Numerous structural genomics research groups have been developed across the globe and they contribute enormously to the identification of three-dimensional structures of various proteins. In this review, we have discussed the applications of the structural genomics approach towards the discovery of potential lead-like molecules against the genomic drug targets of three vector-borne diseases, namely, Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika. Currently, all these three diseases are associated with the most important global public health problems and significant economic burden in tropical countries. Structural genomics has accelerated the identification of novel drug targets and inhibitors for the treatment of these diseases. We start with the current development status of the drug targets and antiviral drugs against these three diseases and conclude by describing challenges that need to be addressed to overcome the shortcomings in the process of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobana Sundar
- Computational Biology Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Jeyakumar Natarajan
- Data Mining and Text Mining Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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14
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Samrat SK, Xu J, Li Z, Zhou J, Li H. Antiviral Agents against Flavivirus Protease: Prospect and Future Direction. Pathogens 2022; 11:293. [PMID: 35335617 PMCID: PMC8955721 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses cause a significant amount of mortality and morbidity, especially in regions where they are endemic. A recent example is the outbreak of Zika virus throughout the world. Development of antiviral drugs against different viral targets is as important as the development of vaccines. During viral replication, a single polyprotein precursor (PP) is produced and further cleaved into individual proteins by a viral NS2B-NS3 protease complex together with host proteases. Flavivirus protease is one of the most attractive targets for development of therapeutic antivirals because it is essential for viral PP processing, leading to active viral proteins. In this review, we have summarized recent development in drug discovery targeting the NS2B-NS3 protease of flaviviruses, especially Zika, dengue, and West Nile viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh K. Samrat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (S.K.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jimin Xu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (J.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (S.K.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (J.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hongmin Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (S.K.S.); (Z.L.)
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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15
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Wahaab A, Mustafa BE, Hameed M, Stevenson NJ, Anwar MN, Liu K, Wei J, Qiu Y, Ma Z. Potential Role of Flavivirus NS2B-NS3 Proteases in Viral Pathogenesis and Anti-flavivirus Drug Discovery Employing Animal Cells and Models: A Review. Viruses 2021; 14:44. [PMID: 35062249 PMCID: PMC8781031 DOI: 10.3390/v14010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are known to cause a variety of diseases in humans in different parts of the world. There are very limited numbers of antivirals to combat flavivirus infection, and therefore new drug targets must be explored. The flavivirus NS2B-NS3 proteases are responsible for the cleavage of the flavivirus polyprotein, which is necessary for productive viral infection and for causing clinical infections; therefore, they are a promising drug target for devising novel drugs against different flaviviruses. This review highlights the structural details of the NS2B-NS3 proteases of different flaviviruses, and also describes potential antiviral drugs that can interfere with the viral protease activity, as determined by various studies. Moreover, optimized in vitro reaction conditions for studying the NS2B-NS3 proteases of different flaviviruses may vary and have been incorporated in this review. The increasing availability of the in silico and crystallographic/structural details of flavivirus NS2B-NS3 proteases in free and drug-bound states can pave the path for the development of promising antiflavivirus drugs to be used in clinics. However, there is a paucity of information available on using animal cells and models for studying flavivirus NS2B-NS3 proteases, as well as on the testing of the antiviral drug efficacy against NS2B-NS3 proteases. Therefore, on the basis of recent studies, an effort has also been made to propose potential cellular and animal models for the study of flavivirus NS2B-NS3 proteases for the purposes of exploring flavivirus pathogenesis and for testing the efficacy of possible drugs targets, in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wahaab
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.W.); (M.H.); (M.N.A.); (K.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Bahar E Mustafa
- Sub Campus Toba Tek Singh, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 36050, Pakistan;
| | - Muddassar Hameed
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.W.); (M.H.); (M.N.A.); (K.L.); (J.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, State University, Fralin Life Sciences Building, 360 W Campus Blacksburg, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Nigel J. Stevenson
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Adliya 15503, Bahrain;
- Viral Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Muhammad Naveed Anwar
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.W.); (M.H.); (M.N.A.); (K.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.W.); (M.H.); (M.N.A.); (K.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.W.); (M.H.); (M.N.A.); (K.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Yafeng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.W.); (M.H.); (M.N.A.); (K.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.W.); (M.H.); (M.N.A.); (K.L.); (J.W.)
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16
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Nunes DADF, Santos FRDS, da Fonseca STD, de Lima WG, Nizer WSDC, Ferreira JMS, de Magalhães JC. NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitors as promising compounds in the development of antivirals against Zika virus: A systematic review. J Med Virol 2021; 94:442-453. [PMID: 34636434 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infections are associated with severe neurological complications and are a global public health concern. There are no approved vaccines or antiviral drugs to inhibit ZIKV replication. NS2B-NS3 protease (NS2B-NS3 pro), which is essential for viral replication, is a promising molecular target for anti-ZIKV drugs. We conducted a systematic review to identify compounds with promising effects against ZIKV; we discussed their pharmacodynamic and pharmacophoric characteristics. The online search, performed using the PubMed/MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases, yielded 56 articles; seven relevant studies that reported nine promising compounds with inhibitory activity against ZIKV NS2B-NS3 pro were selected. Of these, five (niclosamide, nitazoxanide, bromocriptine, temoporfin, and novobiocin) are currently available on the market and have been tested for off-label use against ZIKV. The 50% inhibitory concentration values of these compounds for the inhibition of NS2B-NS3 pro ranged at 0.38-21.6 µM; most compounds exhibited noncompetitive inhibition (66%). All compounds that could inhibit the NS2B-NS3 pro complex showed potent in vitro anti-ZIKV activity with a 50% effective concentration ranging 0.024-50 µM. The 50% cytotoxic concentration of the compounds assayed using A549, Vero, and WRL-69 cell lines ranged at 0.6-1388.02 µM and the selectivity index was 3.07-1698. This review summarizes the most promising antiviral agents against ZIKV that have inhibitory activity against viral proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiana Antônia de Fátima Nunes
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Felipe Rocha da Silva Santos
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Sara Thamires Dias da Fonseca
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - William Gustavo de Lima
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - Jaqueline Maria Siqueira Ferreira
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - José Carlos de Magalhães
- Laboratory of Virology and Cellular Technology, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Bioprocess Engineering, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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17
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Zhang D, Wang Y, Hu X, Wang X, Li L, Gu G, Zhang B, Cen S, You X, Yu L. Cyclic and Linear Thiopeptides from
Soil‐Derived
Streptomyces
sp.
CPCC
203702 with Antiviral and Antibacterial Activities. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dewu Zhang
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China
| | - Xinxin Hu
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China
- College of Health and Environment Beijing Union University Beijing 100023 China
| | - Linzi Li
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China
- College of Health and Environment Beijing Union University Beijing 100023 China
| | - Guowei Gu
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China
| | - Bingyuan Zhang
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China
- School of Pharmacy Yantai University Yantai Shangdong 264005 China
| | - Shan Cen
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China
| | - Xuefu You
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China
| | - Liyan Yu
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China
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18
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Kong J, Xia K, Su X, Zheng X, Diao C, Yang X, Zuo X, Xu J, Liang X. Mechanistic insights into the inhibitory effect of theaflavins on virulence factors production in Streptococcus mutans. AMB Express 2021; 11:102. [PMID: 34244882 PMCID: PMC8271058 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is the primary etiological agent associated with cariogenic process. The present study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and anti-virulence activities of theaflavins (TFs) to Streptococcus mutans UA159 as well as the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that TFs were capable of suppressing the acid production, cell adherence, water-insoluble exopolysaccharides production, and biofilm formation by S. mutans UA159 with a dosage-dependent manner while without influencing the cell growth. By a genome-wide transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq), we found that TFs attenuated the biofilm formation of S. mutans UA159 by inhibiting glucosyltransferases activity and the production of glucan-binding proteins (GbpB and GbpC) instead of directly blocking the expression of genes coding for glucosyltransferases. Further, TFs inhibited the expression of genes implicated in peptidoglycan synthesis, glycolysis, lipid synthesis, two-component system, signaling peptide transport (comA), oxidative stress response, and DNA replication and repair, suggesting that TFs suppressed the virulence factors of S. mutans UA159 by affecting the signal transduction and cell envelope stability, and weakening the ability of cells on oxidative stress resistance. In addition, an upregulated expression of the genes involved in protein biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, and transport system upon TFs treatment indicated that cells increase the protein synthesis and nutrients uptake as one self-protective mechanism to cope with stress caused by TFs. The results of this study increase our current understanding of the anti-virulence activity of TFs on S. mutans and provide clues for the use of TFs in the prevention of dental caries.
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19
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Zhang D, Gu G, Zhang B, Wang Y, Bai J, Fang Y, Zhang T, Dai S, Cen S, Yu L. New phenol and chromone derivatives from the endolichenic fungus Daldinia species and their antiviral activities. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22489-22494. [PMID: 35480826 PMCID: PMC9034232 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03754d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new phenolic metabolites, daldispols A–C (1–3), two new chromone derivatives, (5R,7R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromen-4-one (9) and (5R,7R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-propyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromen-4-one (10), together with five known phenolic compounds (4–8) and two known chromone compounds (11 and 12) were isolated from the endolichenic fungus Daldinia sp. CPCC 400770. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and comparison with reported data. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 9, and 11 exhibited significant anti-influenza A virus (IAV) activities with IC50 values of 12.7, 6.4, 12.5, 16.1, and 9.0 μM, respectively, and compound 8 displayed significant anti-ZIKV activity with inhibitory ratio of 42.7% at 10 μM. The results demonstrated that the fungus Daldinia sp. CPCC 400770 might be a rich source for discovering anti-IAV secondary metabolites as potential novel leading compounds. Eight phenols including three new ones (1–3) and four chromones including two new ones (9 and 10) were isolated from endolichenic fungus Daldinia sp. CPCC 400770, and some of them showed significant antiviral activities.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewu Zhang
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 P. R. China
| | - Guowei Gu
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 P. R. China
| | - Bingyuan Zhang
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 P. R. China .,School of Pharmacy, Yantai University Yantai 264005 P. R. China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 P. R. China
| | - Jinglin Bai
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 P. R. China
| | - Yuang Fang
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 P. R. China
| | - Shengjun Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University Yantai 264005 P. R. China
| | - Shan Cen
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 P. R. China
| | - Liyan Yu
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 P. R. China
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20
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Goc A, Sumera W, Rath M, Niedzwiecki A. Phenolic compounds disrupt spike-mediated receptor-binding and entry of SARS-CoV-2 pseudo-virions. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253489. [PMID: 34138966 PMCID: PMC8211150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the pursuit of suitable and effective solutions to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we investigated the efficacy of several phenolic compounds in controlling key cellular mechanisms involved in its infectivity. The way the SARS-CoV-2 virus infects the cell is a complex process and comprises four main stages: attachment to the cognate receptor, cellular entry, replication and cellular egress. Since, this is a multi-part process, it creates many opportunities to develop effective interventions. Targeting binding of the virus to the host receptor in order to prevent its entry has been of particular interest. Here, we provide experimental evidence that, among 56 tested polyphenols, including plant extracts, brazilin, theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, and curcumin displayed the highest binding with the receptor-binding domain of spike protein, inhibiting viral attachment to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, and thus cellular entry of pseudo-typed SARS-CoV-2 virions. Both, theaflavin-3,3'-digallate at 25 μg/ml and curcumin above 10 μg/ml concentration, showed binding with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor reducing at the same time its activity in both cell-free and cell-based assays. Our study also demonstrates that brazilin and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, and to a still greater extent, curcumin, decrease the activity of transmembrane serine protease 2 both in cell-free and cell-based assays. Similar pattern was observed with cathepsin L, although only theaflavin-3,3'-digallate showed a modest diminution of cathepsin L expression at protein level. Finally, each of these three compounds moderately increased endosomal/lysosomal pH. In conclusion, this study demonstrates pleiotropic anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy of specific polyphenols and their prospects for further scientific and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goc
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute, San Jose, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AN); (AG)
| | - Waldemar Sumera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute, San Jose, California, United States of America
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute, San Jose, California, United States of America
| | - Aleksandra Niedzwiecki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute, San Jose, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AN); (AG)
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21
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Structure-Based Virtual Screening: Identification of a Novel NS2B-NS3 Protease Inhibitor with Potent Antiviral Activity against Zika and Dengue Viruses. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030545. [PMID: 33800763 PMCID: PMC8000814 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), which is associated with severe diseases in humans, has spread rapidly and globally since its emergence. ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV) are closely related, and antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection between cocirculating ZIKV and DENV may exacerbate disease. Despite these serious threats, there are currently no approved antiviral drugs against ZIKV and DENV. The NS2B-NS3 viral protease is an attractive antiviral target because it plays a pivotal role in polyprotein cleavage, which is required for viral replication. Thus, we sought to identify novel inhibitors of the NS2B-NS3 protease. To that aim, we performed structure-based virtual screening using 467,000 structurally diverse chemical compounds. Then, a fluorescence-based protease inhibition assay was used to test whether the selected candidates inhibited ZIKV protease activity. Among the 123 candidate inhibitors selected from virtual screening, compound 1 significantly inhibited ZIKV NS2B-NS3 protease activity in vitro. In addition, compound 1 effectively inhibited ZIKV and DENV infection of human cells. Molecular docking analysis suggested that compound 1 binds to the NS2B-NS3 protease of ZIKV and DENV. Thus, compound 1 could be used as a new therapeutic option for the development of more potent antiviral drugs against both ZIKV and DENV, reducing the risks of ADE.
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