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Benjamin JI, Pollock DM. Current perspective on circadian function of the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F438-F459. [PMID: 38134232 PMCID: PMC11207578 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00247.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavior and function of living systems are synchronized by the 24-h rotation of the Earth that guides physiology according to time of day. However, when behavior becomes misaligned from the light-dark cycle, such as in rotating shift work, jet lag, and even unusual eating patterns, adverse health consequences such as cardiovascular or cardiometabolic disease can arise. The discovery of cell-autonomous molecular clocks expanded interest in regulatory systems that control circadian physiology including within the kidney, where function varies along a 24-h cycle. Our understanding of the mechanisms for circadian control of physiology is in the early stages, and so the present review provides an overview of what is known and the many gaps in our current understanding. We include a particular focus on the impact of eating behaviors, especially meal timing. A better understanding of the mechanisms guiding circadian function of the kidney is expected to reveal new insights into causes and consequences of a wide range of disorders involving the kidney, including hypertension, obesity, and chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmine I Benjamin
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - David M Pollock
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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2
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Soejima Y, Yamamoto K, Nakano Y, Suyama A, Iwata N, Otsuka F. Functional interaction of Clock genes and bone morphogenetic proteins in the adrenal cortex. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 124:429-447. [PMID: 38408807 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) system in the adrenal cortex plays modulatory roles in the control of adrenocortical steroidogenesis. BMP-6 enhances aldosterone production by modulating angiotensin (Ang) II-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, whereas activin regulates the adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-cAMP cascade in adrenocortical cells. A peripheral clock system in the adrenal cortex was discovered and it has been shown to have functional roles in the adjustment of adrenocortical steroidogenesis by interacting with the BMP system. It was found that follistatin, a binding protein of activin, increased Clock mRNA levels, indicating an endogenous function of activin in the regulation of Clock mRNA expression. Elucidation of the interrelationships among the circadian clock system, the BMP system and adrenocortical steroidogenesis regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis would lead to an understanding of the pathophysiology of adrenal disorders and metabolic disorders and the establishment of better medical treatment from the viewpoint of pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Soejima
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koichiro Yamamoto
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakano
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Suyama
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nahoko Iwata
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan.
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3
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Johnston JG, Welch AK, Cain BD, Sayeski PP, Gumz ML, Wingo CS. Aldosterone: Renal Action and Physiological Effects. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4409-4491. [PMID: 36994769 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone exerts profound effects on renal and cardiovascular physiology. In the kidney, aldosterone acts to preserve electrolyte and acid-base balance in response to changes in dietary sodium (Na+ ) or potassium (K+ ) intake. These physiological actions, principally through activation of mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs), have important effects particularly in patients with renal and cardiovascular disease as demonstrated by multiple clinical trials. Multiple factors, be they genetic, humoral, dietary, or otherwise, can play a role in influencing the rate of aldosterone synthesis and secretion from the adrenal cortex. Normally, aldosterone secretion and action respond to dietary Na+ intake. In the kidney, the distal nephron and collecting duct are the main targets of aldosterone and MR action, which stimulates Na+ absorption in part via the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), the principal channel responsible for the fine-tuning of Na+ balance. Our understanding of the regulatory factors that allow aldosterone, via multiple signaling pathways, to function properly clearly implicates this hormone as central to many pathophysiological effects that become dysfunctional in disease states. Numerous pathologies that affect blood pressure (BP), electrolyte balance, and overall cardiovascular health are due to abnormal secretion of aldosterone, mutations in MR, ENaC, or effectors and modulators of their action. Study of the mechanisms of these pathologies has allowed researchers and clinicians to create novel dietary and pharmacological targets to improve human health. This article covers the regulation of aldosterone synthesis and secretion, receptors, effector molecules, and signaling pathways that modulate its action in the kidney. We also consider the role of aldosterone in disease and the benefit of mineralocorticoid antagonists. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4409-4491, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermaine G Johnston
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Amanda K Welch
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brian D Cain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter P Sayeski
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Charles S Wingo
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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4
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Zietara A, Spires DR, Juffre A, Costello HM, Crislip GR, Douma LG, Levchenko V, Dissanayake LV, Klemens CA, Nikolaienko O, Geurts AM, Gumz ML, Staruschenko A. Knockout of the Circadian Clock Protein PER1 (Period1) Exacerbates Hypertension and Increases Kidney Injury in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Hypertension 2022; 79:2519-2529. [PMID: 36093781 PMCID: PMC9669134 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythms play an essential role in physiological function. The molecular clock that underlies circadian physiological function consists of a core group of transcription factors, including the protein PER1 (Period1). Studies in mice show that PER1 plays a role in the regulation of blood pressure and renal sodium handling; however, the results are dependent on the strain being studied. Using male Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats with global knockout of PER1 (SSPer1-/-), we aim to test the hypothesis that PER1 plays a key role in the regulation of salt-sensitive blood pressure. METHODS The model was generated using CRISPR/Cas9 and was characterized using radiotelemetry and measures of renal function and circadian rhythm. RESULTS SSPer1-/- rats had similar mean arterial pressure when fed a normal 0.4% NaCl diet but developed augmented hypertension after three weeks on a high-salt (4% NaCl) diet. Despite being maintained on a normal 12:12 light:dark cycle, SSPer1-/- rats exhibited desynchrony mean arterial pressure rhythms on a high-salt diet, as evidenced by increased variability in the time of peak mean arterial pressure. SSPer1-/- rats excrete less sodium after three weeks on the high-salt diet. Furthermore, SSPer1-/- rats exhibited decreased creatinine clearance, a measurement of renal function, as well as increased signs of kidney tissue damage. SSPer1-/- rats also exhibited higher plasma aldosterone levels. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our findings demonstrate that loss of PER1 in Dahl SS rats causes an array of deleterious effects, including exacerbation of the development of salt-sensitive hypertension and renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Zietara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Denisha R. Spires
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Alexandria Juffre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Hannah M. Costello
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - G. Ryan Crislip
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lauren G. Douma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Vladislav Levchenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Lashodya V. Dissanayake
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Christine A. Klemens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Oksana Nikolaienko
- Department of Cellular Membranology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Aron M. Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Michelle L. Gumz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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5
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Kayser N, Zaiser F, Veenstra AC, Wang H, Göcmen B, Eckert P, Franz H, Köttgen A, Walz G, Yakulov TA. Clock genes rescue nphp mutations in zebrafish. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:4143-4158. [PMID: 35861640 PMCID: PMC9759334 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish pronephros model, using morpholino oligonucleotides (MO) to deplete target genes, has been extensively used to characterize human ciliopathy phenotypes. Recently, discrepancies between MO and genetically defined mutants have questioned this approach. We analyzed zebrafish with mutations in the nphp1-4-8 module to determine the validity of MO-based results. While MO-mediated depletion resulted in glomerular cyst and cloaca malformation, these ciliopathy-typical manifestations were observed at a much lower frequency in zebrafish embryos with defined nphp mutations. All nphp1-4-8 mutant zebrafish were viable and displayed decreased manifestations in the next (F2) generation, lacking maternal RNA contribution. While genetic compensation was further supported by the observation that nphp4-deficient mutants became partially refractory to MO-based nphp4 depletion, zebrafish embryos, lacking one nphp gene, became more sensitive to MO-based depletion of additional nphp genes. Transcriptome analysis of nphp8 mutant embryos revealed an upregulation of the circadian clock genes cry1a and cry5. MO-mediated depletion of cry1a and cry5 caused ciliopathy phenotypes in wild-type embryos, while cry1a and cry5 depletion in maternal zygotic nphp8 mutant embryos increased the frequency of glomerular cysts compared to controls. Importantly, cry1a and cry5 rescued the nephropathy-related phenotypes in nphp1, nphp4 or nphp8-depleted zebrafish embryos. Our results reveal that nphp mutant zebrafish resemble the MO-based phenotypes, albeit at a much lower frequency. Rapid adaption through upregulation of circadian clock genes seems to ameliorate the loss of nphp genes, contributing to phenotypic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Burulca Göcmen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Priska Eckert
- Renal Division, University Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hugstetter Str. 55, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Henriette Franz
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Pestalozzistr. 20, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Gerd Walz
- Renal Division, University Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hugstetter Str. 55, Freiburg 79106, Germany,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Toma A Yakulov
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 76127063036;
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6
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McMullan CJ, McHill AW, Hull JT, Wang W, Forman JP, Klerman EB. Sleep Restriction and Recurrent Circadian Disruption Differentially Affects Blood Pressure, Sodium Retention, and Aldosterone Secretion. Front Physiol 2022; 13:914497. [PMID: 35874530 PMCID: PMC9305384 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.914497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to chronic sleep restriction (CSR) and shiftwork are both associated with incident hypertension and cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that the combination of CSR and shiftwork's rotating sleep schedule (causing recurrent circadian disruption, RCD) would increase blood pressure, renal sodium retention, potassium excretion, and aldosterone excretion. Seventeen healthy participants were studied during a 32-day inpatient protocol that included 20-h "days" with associated scheduled sleep/wake and eating behaviors. Participants were randomly assigned to restricted (1:3.3 sleep:wake, CSR group) or standard (1:2 sleep:wake, Control group) ratios of sleep:wake duration. Systolic blood pressure during circadian misalignment was ∼6% higher in CSR conditions. Renal sodium and potassium excretion showed robust circadian patterns; potassium excretion also displayed some influence of the scheduled behaviors (sleep/wake, fasting during sleep so made parallel fasting/feeding). In contrast, the timing of renal aldosterone excretion was affected predominately by scheduled behaviors. Per 20-h "day," total sodium excretion increased, and total potassium excretion decreased during RCD without a change in total aldosterone excretion. Lastly, a reduced total renal sodium excretion was found despite constant oral sodium consumption and total aldosterone excretion, suggesting a positive total body sodium balance independent of aldosterone excretion. These findings may provide mechanistic insight into the observed adverse cardiovascular and renal effects of shiftwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran J. McMullan
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrew W. McHill
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Sleep, Chronobiology, and Health Laboratory, School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States,*Correspondence: Andrew W. McHill,
| | - Joseph T. Hull
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John P. Forman
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth B. Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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7
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Tsilosani A, Gao C, Zhang W. Aldosterone-Regulated Sodium Transport and Blood Pressure. Front Physiol 2022; 13:770375. [PMID: 35197862 PMCID: PMC8859437 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.770375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone is a major mineralocorticoid steroid hormone secreted by glomerulosa cells in the adrenal cortex. It regulates a variety of physiological responses including those to oxidative stress, inflammation, fluid disruption, and abnormal blood pressure through its actions on various tissues including the kidney, heart, and the central nervous system. Aldosterone synthesis is primarily regulated by angiotensin II, K+ concentration, and adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Elevated serum aldosterone levels increase blood pressure largely by increasing Na+ re-absorption in the kidney through regulating transcription and activity of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). This review focuses on the signaling pathways involved in aldosterone synthesis and its effects on Na+ reabsorption through ENaC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akaki Tsilosani
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
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8
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Crislip GR, Johnston JG, Douma LG, Costello HM, Juffre A, Boyd K, Li W, Maugans CC, Gutierrez-Monreal M, Esser KA, Bryant AJ, Liu AC, Gumz ML. Circadian Rhythm Effects on the Molecular Regulation of Physiological Systems. Compr Physiol 2021; 12:2769-2798. [PMID: 34964116 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nearly every system within the body contains an intrinsic cellular circadian clock. The circadian clock contributes to the regulation of a variety of homeostatic processes in mammals through the regulation of gene expression. Circadian disruption of physiological systems is associated with pathophysiological disorders. Here, we review the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms contributing to the known circadian rhythms in physiological function. This article focuses on what is known in humans, along with discoveries made with cell and rodent models. In particular, the impact of circadian clock components in metabolic, cardiovascular, endocrine, musculoskeletal, immune, and central nervous systems are discussed. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-30, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ryan Crislip
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jermaine G Johnston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lauren G Douma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hannah M Costello
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alexandria Juffre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kyla Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Wendy Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Cheoting C Maugans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Miguel Gutierrez-Monreal
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew J Bryant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew C Liu
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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9
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Ray EC, Pitzer A, Lam T, Jordahl A, Patel R, Ao M, Marciszyn A, Winfrey A, Barak Y, Sheng S, Kirabo A, Kleyman TR. Salt sensitivity of volume and blood pressure in a mouse with globally reduced ENaC γ-subunit expression. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F705-F714. [PMID: 34632813 PMCID: PMC8714976 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00559.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) promotes the absorption of Na+ in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron, colon, and respiratory epithelia. Deletion of genes encoding subunits of ENaC results in early postnatal mortality. Here, we present the initial characterization of a mouse with dramatically suppressed expression of the ENaC γ-subunit. We used this hypomorphic (γmt) allele to explore the importance of this subunit in homeostasis of electrolytes and body fluid volume. At baseline, γ-subunit expression in γmt/mt mice was markedly suppressed in the kidney and lung, whereas electrolytes resembled those of littermate controls. Aldosterone levels in γmt/mt mice exceeded those seen in littermate controls. Quantitative magnetic resonance measurement of body composition revealed similar baseline body water, lean tissue mass, and fat tissue mass in γmt/mt mice and controls. γmt/mt mice exhibited a more rapid decline in body water and lean tissue mass in response to a low-Na+ diet than the controls. Replacement of drinking water with 2% saline selectively and transiently increased body water and lean tissue mass in γmt/mt mice relative to the controls. Lower blood pressures were variably observed in γmt/mt mice on a high-salt diet compared with the controls. γmt/mt also exhibited reduced diurnal blood pressure variation, a "nondipping" phenotype, on a high-Na+ diet. Although ENaC in the renal tubules and colon works to prevent extracellular fluid volume depletion, our observations suggest that ENaC in other tissues may participate in regulating extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A mouse with globally suppressed expression of the epithelial Na+ channel γ-subunit showed enhanced sensitivity to dietary salt, including a transient increase in total body fluid, reduced blood pressure, and reduced diurnal blood pressure variation when given a dietary NaCl challenge. These results point to a role for the epithelial Na+ channel in regulating body fluid and blood pressure beyond classical transepithelial Na+ transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Ray
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ashley Pitzer
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tracey Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexa Jordahl
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ritam Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mingfang Ao
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Allison Marciszyn
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aaliyah Winfrey
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yaacov Barak
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shaohu Sheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Thomas R Kleyman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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10
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Abstract
The Epithelial Na+ Channel, ENaC, comprised of 3 subunits (αβγ, or sometimes δβγENaC), plays a critical role in regulating salt and fluid homeostasis in the body. It regulates fluid reabsorption into the blood stream from the kidney to control blood volume and pressure, fluid absorption in the lung to control alveolar fluid clearance at birth and maintenance of normal airway surface liquid throughout life, and fluid absorption in the distal colon and other epithelial tissues. Moreover, recent studies have also revealed a role for sodium movement via ENaC in nonepithelial cells/tissues, such as endothelial cells in blood vessels and neurons. Over the past 25 years, major advances have been made in our understanding of ENaC structure, function, regulation, and role in human disease. These include the recently solved three-dimensional structure of ENaC, ENaC function in various tissues, and mutations in ENaC that cause a hereditary form of hypertension (Liddle syndrome), salt-wasting hypotension (PHA1), or polymorphism in ENaC that contributes to other diseases (such as cystic fibrosis). Moreover, great strides have been made in deciphering the regulation of ENaC by hormones (e.g., the mineralocorticoid aldosterone, glucocorticoids, vasopressin), ions (e.g., Na+ ), proteins (e.g., the ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4-2, the kinases SGK1, AKT, AMPK, WNKs & mTORC2, and proteases), and posttranslational modifications [e.g., (de)ubiquitylation, glycosylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, palmitoylation]. Characterization of ENaC structure, function, regulation, and role in human disease, including using animal models, are described in this article, with a special emphasis on recent advances in the field. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-29, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rotin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, and The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Olivier Staub
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Soejima Y, Iwata N, Nakano Y, Yamamoto K, Suyama A, Nada T, Ogawa H, Otsuka F. Involvement of clock gene expression, bone morphogenetic protein and activin in adrenocortical steroidogenesis by human H295R cells. Endocr J 2021; 68:243-250. [PMID: 33028758 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional interactions between the levels of clock gene expression and adrenal steroidogenesis were studied in human adrenocortical H295R cells. Fluctuations of Bmal1, Clock, Per2 and Cry1 mRNA levels were found in H295R cells treated with forskolin (FSK) in a serum-free condition. The changes of clock gene expression levels were diverged, with Clock mRNA level being significantly higher than Cry1 and Per2 mRNA levels after 12-h stimulation with FSK. After FSK induction, mRNA levels of StAR and CYP11B2 were highest at 12 hours and CYP17 mRNA level reached a peak at 6 hours, but HSD3B1 mRNA level was transiently decreased at 3 hours. The expression levels of Clock mRNA showed a significant positive correlation with StAR among the interrelationships between mRNA levels of key steroidogenic factors and clock genes. Knockdown of Clock gene by siRNA led to a significant reduction of FSK-induced expression of StAR and CYP17 after 12-h treatment with FSK. BMP-6 and activin, which modulate adrenal steroidogenesis, had inhibitory effects on Clock mRNA expression, whereas treatment with follistatin, a binding protein of activin, increased Clock mRNA levels in the presence of FSK, suggesting an endogenous function of activin in regulation of Clock mRNA expression. Collectively, the results indicated that changes of Clock mRNA expression, being upregulated by FSK and suppressed by BMP-6 and activin, were tightly linked to StAR expression by human adrenocortical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Soejima
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Nahoko Iwata
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakano
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Koichiro Yamamoto
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Suyama
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nada
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ogawa
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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12
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Ivy JR, Bailey MA. Nondipping Blood Pressure: Predictive or Reactive Failure of Renal Sodium Handling? Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:21-34. [PMID: 33325814 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00024.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure follows a daily rhythm, dipping during nocturnal sleep in humans. Attenuation of this dip (nondipping) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Renal control of sodium homeostasis is essential for long-term blood pressure control. Sodium reabsorption and excretion have rhythms that rely on predictive/circadian as well as reactive adaptations. We explore how these rhythms might contribute to blood pressure rhythm in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Ivy
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Bailey
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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13
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Vahabi B, Jabr R, Fry C, McCloskey K, Everaert K, Agudelo CW, Monaghan TF, Rahnama'i MS, Panicker JN, Weiss JP. ICI-RS 2019 nocturia think tank: How can experimental science guide us in understanding the pathophysiology of nocturia? Neurourol Urodyn 2020; 39 Suppl 3:S88-S95. [PMID: 31922620 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The following is a report on the proceedings of the 2019 International Consultation on Incontinence-Research Society nocturia think tank (NTT). OBJECTIVES The objectives of the 2019 NTT were as follows: (a) to evaluate the role of urothelium in the pathophysiology of nocturia; (b) to determine whether nocturia is a circadian disorder; (c) to discuss the role of melatonin in nocturia; (d) to consider ambulatory urodynamic monitoring in evaluating patients with nocturia; (e) to explore studies of water handling in human compartments utilizing heavy water; and (f) to explore whether basic science is the key to understanding the treatment options for diminished bladder capacity in patients with nocturia. METHODS A compendium of discussions of the role of experimental science in understanding the pathophysiology of nocturia is described herein. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Translational science will play an increasing role in understanding the pathophysiology of nocturia, which may result in improved treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Vahabi
- Department of Applied Sciences, School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rita Jabr
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Chris Fry
- Department of Applied Sciences, School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karen McCloskey
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Karel Everaert
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christina W Agudelo
- Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Thomas F Monaghan
- Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Mohammad S Rahnama'i
- Department of Urology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jalesh N Panicker
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey P Weiss
- Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
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14
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Abstract
Numerous physiological functions exhibit substantial circadian oscillations. In the kidneys, renal plasma flow, the glomerular filtration rate and tubular reabsorption and/or secretion processes have been shown to peak during the active phase and decline during the inactive phase. These functional rhythms are driven, at least in part, by a self-sustaining cellular mechanism termed the circadian clock. The circadian clock controls different cellular functions, including transcription, translation and protein post-translational modifications (such as phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitylation) and degradation. Disruption of the circadian clock in animal models results in the loss of blood pressure control and substantial changes in the circadian pattern of water and electrolyte excretion in the urine. Kidney-specific suppression of the circadian clock in animals implicates both the intrinsic renal and the extrarenal circadian clocks in these pathologies. Alterations in the circadian rhythm of renal functions are associated with the development of hypertension, chronic kidney disease, renal fibrosis and kidney stones. Furthermore, renal circadian clocks might interfere with the pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics of various drugs and are therefore an important consideration in the treatment of some renal diseases or disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Firsov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Olivier Bonny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide a brief summary about the current state of knowledge regarding the circadian rhythm in the regulation of normal renal function. RECENT FINDINGS There is a lack of information regarding how the circadian clock mechanisms may contribute to the development of diabetic kidney disease. We discuss recent findings regarding mechanisms that are established in diabetic kidney disease and are known to be linked to the circadian clock as possible connections between these two areas. Here, we hypothesize various mechanisms that may provide a link between the clock mechanism and kidney disease in diabetes based on available data from humans and rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olanrewaju A Olaoye
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Box 100224, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sarah H Masten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Box 100224, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Rajesh Mohandas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Box 100224, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Box 100224, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Circadian oscillators are networks of biochemical feedback loops that generate 24-hour rhythms in organisms from bacteria to animals. These periodic rhythms result from a complex interplay among clock components that are specific to the organism, but share molecular mechanisms across kingdoms. A full understanding of these processes requires detailed knowledge, not only of the biochemical properties of clock proteins and their interactions, but also of the three-dimensional structure of clockwork components. Posttranslational modifications and protein–protein interactions have become a recent focus, in particular the complex interactions mediated by the phosphorylation of clock proteins and the formation of multimeric protein complexes that regulate clock genes at transcriptional and translational levels. This review covers the structural aspects of circadian oscillators, and serves as a primer for this exciting realm of structural biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Saini
- Center for Biocrystallographic Research, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Max-Planck-Institut für Pflanzenzüchtungsforschung, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mariusz Jaskolski
- Center for Biocrystallographic Research, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Seth J Davis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Pflanzenzüchtungsforschung, Cologne, Germany. .,Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.
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17
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Alli A, Yu L, Holzworth M, Richards J, Cheng KY, Lynch IJ, Wingo CS, Gumz ML. Direct and indirect inhibition of the circadian clock protein Per1: effects on ENaC and blood pressure. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F807-F813. [PMID: 30759025 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00408.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms govern physiological functions and are important for overall health. The molecular circadian clock comprises several transcription factors that mediate circadian control of physiological function, in part, by regulating gene expression in a tissue-specific manner. These connections are well established, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. The overall goal of this study was to examine the connection among the circadian clock protein Period 1 (Per1), epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), and blood pressure (BP) using a multipronged approach. Using global Per1 knockout mice on a 129/sv background in combination with a high-salt diet plus mineralocorticoid treatment, we demonstrated that loss of Per1 in this setting is associated with protection from hypertension. Next, we used the ENaC inhibitor benzamil to demonstrate a role for ENaC in BP regulation and urinary Na+ excretion in 129/sv mice. We targeted Per1 indirectly using pharmacological inhibition of Per1 nuclear entry in vivo to demonstrate altered expression of known Per1 target genes as well as a BP-lowering effect in 129/sv mice. Finally, we directly inhibited Per1 via genetic knockdown in amphibian distal nephron cells to demonstrate, for the first time, that reduced Per1 expression is associated with decreased ENaC activity at the single channel level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Alli
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Meaghan Holzworth
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jacob Richards
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kit-Yan Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Gainesville, Florida
| | - I Jeanette Lynch
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Charles S Wingo
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
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18
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Douma LG, Solocinski K, Holzworth MR, Crislip GR, Masten SH, Miller AH, Cheng KY, Lynch IJ, Cain BD, Wingo CS, Gumz ML. Female C57BL/6J mice lacking the circadian clock protein PER1 are protected from nondipping hypertension. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 316:R50-R58. [PMID: 30427705 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00381.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is integral to the maintenance of daily rhythms of many physiological outputs, including blood pressure. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated the importance of the clock protein period 1 (PER1) in blood pressure regulation in male mice. Briefly, a high-salt diet (HS; 4% NaCl) plus injection with the long-acting mineralocorticoid deoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP) resulted in nondipping hypertension [<10% difference between night and day blood pressure (BP) in Per1-knockout (KO) mice but not in wild-type (WT) mice]. To date, there have been no studies that have examined the effect of a core circadian gene KO on BP rhythms in female mice. The goal of the present study was to determine whether female Per1-KO mice develop nondipping hypertension in response to HS/DOCP treatment. For the first time, we demonstrate that loss of the circadian clock protein PER1 in female mice does not significantly change mean arterial pressure (MAP) or the BP rhythm relative to female C57BL/6 WT control mice. Both WT and Per1-KO female mice experienced a significant increase in MAP in response to HS/DOCP. Importantly, however, both genotypes maintained a >10% dip in BP on HS/DOCP. This effect is distinct from the nondipping hypertension seen in male Per1-KO mice, demonstrating that the female sex appears to be protective against PER1-mediated nondipping hypertension in response to HS/DOCP. Together, these data suggest that PER1 acts in a sex-dependent manner in the regulation of cardiovascular rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Douma
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kristen Solocinski
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - G Ryan Crislip
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sarah H Masten
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Amber H Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kit-Yan Cheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - I Jeanette Lynch
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Brian D Cain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Charles S Wingo
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,Research, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
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19
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De Lavallaz L, Musso CG. Chronobiology in nephrology: the influence of circadian rhythms on renal handling of drugs and renal disease treatment. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 50:2221-2228. [PMID: 30324579 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-2001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronobiology studies the phenomenon of rhythmicity in living organisms. The circadian rhythms are genetically determined and regulated by external synchronizers (the daylight cycle). Several biological processes involved in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs are subjected to circadian variations. Chronopharmacology studies how biological rhythms influence pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity, and determines whether time-of-day administration modifies the pharmacological characteristics of the drug. Chronotherapy applies chronopharmacological studies to clinical treatments, determining the best biological time for dosing: when the beneficial effects are maximal and the incidence and/or intensity of related side effects and toxicity are minimal. Most water-soluble drugs or drug metabolites are eliminated by urine through the kidney. The rate of drug clearance in the urine depends on several intrinsic variables related to renal function including renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, the ability of the kidney to reabsorb or to secrete drugs, urine flow, and urine pH, which influences the degree of urine acidification. Curiously, all these variables present a circadian behavior in different mammalian models. CONCLUSION The circadian rhythms have influence in the renal physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology, and these data should be taken into account in clinical nephrology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas De Lavallaz
- Human Physiology Department, Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos G Musso
- Human Physiology Department, Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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20
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Le Billan F, Amazit L, Bleakley K, Xue QY, Pussard E, Lhadj C, Kolkhof P, Viengchareun S, Fagart J, Lombès M. Corticosteroid receptors adopt distinct cyclical transcriptional signatures. FASEB J 2018; 32:5626-5639. [PMID: 29733691 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800391rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) are two closely related hormone-activated transcription factors that regulate major pathophysiologic functions. High homology between these receptors accounts for the crossbinding of their corresponding ligands, MR being activated by both aldosterone and cortisol and GR essentially activated by cortisol. Their coexpression and ability to bind similar DNA motifs highlight the need to investigate their respective contributions to overall corticosteroid signaling. Here, we decipher the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that underlie selective effects of MRs and GRs on shared genomic targets in a human renal cellular model. Kinetic, serial, and sequential chromatin immunoprecipitation approaches were performed on the period circadian protein 1 ( PER1) target gene, providing evidence that both receptors dynamically and cyclically interact at the same target promoter in a specific and distinct transcriptional signature. During this process, both receptors regulate PER1 gene by binding as homo- or heterodimers to the same promoter region. Our results suggest a novel level of MR-GR target gene regulation, which should be considered for a better and integrated understanding of corticosteroid-related pathophysiology.-Le Billan, F., Amazit, L., Bleakley, K., Xue, Q.-Y., Pussard, E., Lhadj, C., Kolkhof, P., Viengchareun, S., Fagart, J., Lombès, M. Corticosteroid receptors adopt distinct cyclical transcriptional signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Le Billan
- INSERM, U1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Larbi Amazit
- INSERM, U1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Unité Mixte de Service 32, Institut Biomédical de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Kevin Bleakley
- Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique-Saclay, Palaiseau, France.,Département de Mathématiques d'Orsay, Orsay, France
| | - Qiong-Yao Xue
- INSERM, U1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénomique et Hormonologie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Eric Pussard
- INSERM, U1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénomique et Hormonologie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Christophe Lhadj
- INSERM, U1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Peter Kolkhof
- Department of Cardiology Research, Bayer AG, Global Drug Discovery, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Say Viengchareun
- INSERM, U1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jérôme Fagart
- INSERM, U1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Lombès
- INSERM, U1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,(AP-HP), Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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21
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Abstract
The kidneys regulate many vital functions that require precise control throughout the day. These functions, such as maintaining sodium balance or regulating arterial pressure, rely on an intrinsic clock mechanism that was commonly believed to be controlled by the central nervous system. Mounting evidence in recent years has unveiled previously underappreciated depth of influence by circadian rhythms and clock genes on renal function, at the molecular and physiological level, independent of other external factors. The impact of circadian rhythms in the kidney also affects individuals from a clinical standpoint, as the loss of rhythmic activity or clock gene expression have been documented in various cardiovascular diseases. Fortunately, the prognostic value of examining circadian rhythms may prove useful in determining the progression of a kidney-related disease, and chronotherapy is a clinical intervention that requires consideration of circadian and diurnal rhythms in the kidney. In this review, we discuss evidence of circadian regulation in the kidney from basic and clinical research in order to provide a foundation on which a great deal of future research is needed to expand our understanding of circadian relevant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermaine G Johnston
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - David M Pollock
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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22
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Zhang D, Pollock DM. Circadian regulation of kidney function: finding a role for Bmal1. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F675-F678. [PMID: 29357439 PMCID: PMC6031908 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00580.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that there is an internal molecular "clock" within the kidney to help maintain normal renal function. Disturbance of the kidney circadian rhythm may pose a threat to water and electrolyte homeostasis and blood pressure regulation, among many other problems. The identification of circadian genes facilitated a more comprehensive appreciation of the importance of "keeping the body on time"; however, our knowledge is very limited with regard to how circadian genes regulate kidney function. In this brief review, we summarize recent progress in circadian control of renal physiology, with a particular focus on aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein (Arntl1; also called Bmal1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingguo Zhang
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David M Pollock
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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23
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Gumz ML. Molecular basis of circadian rhythmicity in renal physiology and pathophysiology. Exp Physiol 2018; 101:1025-9. [PMID: 27474264 DOI: 10.1113/ep085781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? This brief symposium report is focused on the molecular and physiological evidence that supports a key role for the circadian clock in the regulation of kidney function. What advances does it highlight? Progress in understanding the molecular mechanism of the kidney clock is reviewed here, including new results from global 'omics' studies and candidate gene approaches. The molecular kidney clock is a master regulator of gene expression that affects renal electrolyte and drug handling as well as blood pressure. In this brief review, an overview of the molecular and physiological evidence for the kidney clock and the implications for the regulation of renal physiology and pathophysiology are presented. Accumulating evidence suggests that the molecular circadian clock acts as a master regulator of gene expression in the kidney. Global transcriptomic approaches have revealed the important finding that there are thousands of genes in the kidney subject to regulation by the molecular clock. Candidate gene approaches have also yielded information regarding regulation of renal sodium transport genes by the molecular clock. To date, the evidence linking the molecular kidney clock to rhythmic renal function provides strong support for the concept that circadian control of gene expression underlies rhythms in physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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24
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Fletcher EK, Morgan J, Kennaway DR, Bienvenu LA, Rickard AJ, Delbridge LMD, Fuller PJ, Clyne CD, Young MJ. Deoxycorticosterone/Salt-Mediated Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis Are Dependent on Functional CLOCK Signaling in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2906-2917. [PMID: 28911177 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) promotes inflammation, fibrosis, and hypertension. Clinical and experimental studies show that MR antagonists have significant therapeutic benefit for all-cause heart failure; however, blockade of renal MRs limits their widespread use. Identification of key downstream signaling mechanisms for the MR in the cardiovascular system may enable development of targeted MR antagonists with selectivity for pathological MR signaling and lower impact on physiological renal electrolyte handling. One candidate pathway is the circadian clock, the dysregulation of which is associated with cardiovascular diseases. We have previously shown that the circadian gene Per2 is dysregulated in hearts with selective deletion of cardiomyocyte MR. We therefore investigated MR-mediated cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in mice that lack normal regulation and oscillation of the circadian clock in peripheral tissues, that is, CLOCKΔ19 mutant mice. The characteristic cardiac inflammatory/fibrotic response to a deoxycorticosterone (DOC)/salt for 8 weeks was significantly blunted in CLOCKΔ19 mice when compared with wild-type mice, despite a modest increase at "baseline" for fibrosis and macrophage number in CLOCKΔ19 mice. In contrast, cardiac hypertrophy in response to DOC/salt was significantly greater in CLOCKΔ19 vs wild-type mice. Markers for renal inflammation and fibrosis were similarly attenuated in the CLOCKΔ19 mice given DOC/salt. Moreover, increased CLOCK expression in H9c2 cardiac cells enhanced MR-mediated transactivation of Per1, suggesting cooperative signaling between these transcription factors. This study demonstrates that the full development of MR-mediated cardiac inflammation and fibrosis is dependent on intact signaling by the circadian protein CLOCK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Fletcher
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - James Morgan
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - David R Kennaway
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Laura A Bienvenu
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Amanda J Rickard
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Peter J Fuller
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Colin D Clyne
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Morag J Young
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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25
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Solocinski K, Holzworth M, Wen X, Cheng KY, Lynch IJ, Cain BD, Wingo CS, Gumz ML. Desoxycorticosterone pivalate-salt treatment leads to non-dipping hypertension in Per1 knockout mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 220:72-82. [PMID: 27636900 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM Increasing evidence demonstrates that circadian clock proteins are important regulators of physiological functions including blood pressure. An established risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease is the absence of a blood pressure dip during the inactive period. The goal of the present study was to determine the effects of a high salt diet plus mineralocorticoid on PER1-mediated blood pressure regulation in a salt-resistant, normotensive mouse model, C57BL/6J. METHODS Blood pressure was measured using radiotelemetry. After control diet, wild-type (WT) and Per1 (KO) knockout mice were given a high salt diet (4% NaCl) and the long-acting mineralocorticoid deoxycorticosterone pivalate. Blood pressure and activity rhythms were analysed to evaluate changes over time. RESULTS Blood pressure in WT mice was not affected by a high salt diet plus mineralocorticoid. In contrast, Per1 KO mice exhibited significantly increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) in response to a high salt diet plus mineralocorticoid. The inactive/active phase ratio of MAP in WT mice was unchanged by high salt plus mineralocorticoid treatment. Importantly, this treatment caused Per1 KO mice to lose the expected decrease or 'dip' in blood pressure during the inactive compared to the active phase. CONCLUSION Loss of PER1 increased sensitivity to the high salt plus mineralocorticoid treatment. It also resulted in a non-dipper phenotype in this model of salt-sensitive hypertension and provides a unique model of non-dipping. Together, these data support an important role for the circadian clock protein PER1 in the modulation of blood pressure in a high salt/mineralocorticoid model of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Solocinski
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - M Holzworth
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - X Wen
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - K-Y Cheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - I J Lynch
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - B D Cain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - C S Wingo
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - M L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
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26
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Abstract
Since the kidney is integral to maintenance of fluid and ion homeostasis, and therefore blood pressure regulation, its proper function is paramount. Circadian fluctuations in blood pressure, renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and sodium and water excretion have been documented for decades, if not longer. Recent studies on the role of circadian clock proteins in the regulation of a variety of renal transport genes suggest that the molecular clock in the kidney controls circadian fluctuations in renal function. The circadian clock appears to be a critical regulator of renal function with important implications for the treatment of renal pathologies, which include chronic kidney disease and hypertension. The development, regulation, and mechanism of the kidney clock are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Solocinski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FloridaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FloridaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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27
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Solocinski K, Richards J, All S, Cheng KY, Khundmiri SJ, Gumz ML. Transcriptional regulation of NHE3 and SGLT1 by the circadian clock protein Per1 in proximal tubule cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F933-42. [PMID: 26377793 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00197.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the circadian clock protein period (Per)1 coordinately regulates multiple genes involved in Na(+) reabsorption in renal collecting duct cells. Consistent with these results, Per1 knockout mice exhibit dramatically lower blood pressure than wild-type mice. The proximal tubule is responsible for a majority of Na(+) reabsorption. Previous work has demonstrated that expression of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3) oscillates with a circadian pattern and Na(+)-glucose cotransporter (SGLT)1 has been demonstrated to be a circadian target in the colon, but whether these target genes are regulated by Per1 has not been investigated in the kidney. The goal of the present study was to determine if Per1 regulates the expression of NHE3, SGLT1, and SGLT2 in the kidney. Pharmacological blockade of nuclear Per1 entry resulted in decreased mRNA expression of SGLT1 and NHE3 but not SGLT2 in the renal cortex of mice. Per1 small interfering RNA and pharmacological blockade of Per1 nuclear entry in human proximal tubule HK-2 cells yielded the same results. Examination of heterogeneous nuclear RNA suggested that the effects of Per1 on NHE3 and SGLT1 expression occurred at the level of transcription. Per1 and the circadian protein CLOCK were detected at promoters of NHE3 and SGLT1. Importantly, both membrane and intracellular protein levels of NHE3 and SGLT1 were decreased after blockade of nuclear Per1 entry. This effect was associated with reduced activity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. These data demonstrate a role for Per1 in the transcriptional regulation of NHE3 and SGLT1 in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Solocinski
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Jacob Richards
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Sean All
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kit-Yan Cheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Syed J Khundmiri
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
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28
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Le Billan F, Khan JA, Lamribet K, Viengchareun S, Bouligand J, Fagart J, Lombès M. Cistrome of the aldosterone-activated mineralocorticoid receptor in human renal cells. FASEB J 2015; 29:3977-89. [PMID: 26054365 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-274266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone exerts its effects mainly by activating the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a transcription factor that regulates gene expression through complex and dynamic interactions with coregulators and transcriptional machinery, leading to fine-tuned control of vectorial ionic transport in the distal nephron. To identify genome-wide aldosterone-regulated MR targets in human renal cells, we set up a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay by using a specific anti-MR antibody in a differentiated human renal cell line expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-MR. This approach, coupled with high-throughput sequencing, allowed identification of 974 genomic MR targets. Computational analysis identified an MR response element (MRE) including single or multiple half-sites and palindromic motifs in which the AGtACAgxatGTtCt sequence was the most prevalent motif. Most genomic MR-binding sites (MBSs) are located >10 kb from the transcriptional start sites of target genes (84%). Specific aldosterone-induced recruitment of MR on the first most relevant genomic sequences was further validated by ChIP-quantitative (q)PCR and correlated with concomitant and positive aldosterone-activated transcriptional regulation of the corresponding gene, as assayed by RT-qPCR. It was notable that most MBSs lacked MREs but harbored DNA recognition motifs for other transcription factors (FOX, EGR1, AP1, PAX5) suggesting functional interaction. This work provides new insights into aldosterone MR-mediated renal signaling and opens relevant perspectives for mineralocorticoid-related pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Le Billan
- *Unité 1185, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et d'Hormonologie and Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Junaid A Khan
- *Unité 1185, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et d'Hormonologie and Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Khadija Lamribet
- *Unité 1185, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et d'Hormonologie and Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Say Viengchareun
- *Unité 1185, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et d'Hormonologie and Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Jérôme Bouligand
- *Unité 1185, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et d'Hormonologie and Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Jérôme Fagart
- *Unité 1185, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et d'Hormonologie and Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Lombès
- *Unité 1185, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et d'Hormonologie and Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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29
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Abstract
The circadian clock plays an integral role in the regulation of physiological processes, including the regulation of blood pressure. However, deregulation of the clock can lead to pathophysiological states including hypertension. Recent work has implicated the circadian clock genes in the regulation of processes in the heart, kidney, vasculature, and the metabolic organs, which are all critical in the regulation of the blood pressure. The goal of this review is to provide an introduction and general overview into the role of circadian clock genes in the regulation of blood pressure with a focus on their deregulation in the etiology of hypertension. This review will focus on the core circadian clock genes CLOCK, BMAL1, Per, and Cry.
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30
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Cowley AW, Moreno C, Jacob HJ, Peterson CB, Stingo FC, Ahn KW, Liu P, Vannucci M, Laud PW, Reddy P, Lazar J, Evans L, Yang C, Kurth T, Liang M. Characterization of biological pathways associated with a 1.37 Mbp genomic region protective of hypertension in Dahl S rats. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:398-410. [PMID: 24714719 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00179.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to narrow a region of chromosome 13 to only several genes and then apply unbiased statistical approaches to identify molecular networks and biological pathways relevant to blood-pressure salt sensitivity in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats. The analysis of 13 overlapping subcongenic strains identified a 1.37 Mbp region on chromosome 13 that influenced the mean arterial blood pressure by at least 25 mmHg in SS rats fed a high-salt diet. DNA sequencing and analysis filled genomic gaps and provided identification of five genes in this region, Rfwd2, Fam5b, Astn1, Pappa2, and Tnr. A cross-platform normalization of transcriptome data sets obtained from our previously published Affymetrix GeneChip dataset and newly acquired RNA-seq data from renal outer medullary tissue provided 90 observations for each gene. Two Bayesian methods were used to analyze the data: 1) a linear model analysis to assess 243 biological pathways for their likelihood to discriminate blood pressure levels across experimental groups and 2) a Bayesian graphical modeling of pathways to discover genes with potential relationships to the candidate genes in this region. As none of these five genes are known to be involved in hypertension, this unbiased approach has provided useful clues to be experimentally explored. Of these five genes, Rfwd2, the gene most strongly expressed in the renal outer medulla, was notably associated with pathways that can affect blood pressure via renal transcellular Na(+) and K(+) electrochemical gradients and tubular Na(+) transport, mitochondrial TCA cycle and cell energetics, and circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen W Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;
| | - Carol Moreno
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Howard J Jacob
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Francesco C Stingo
- Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Kwang Woo Ahn
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Purushottam W Laud
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Prajwal Reddy
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jozef Lazar
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Louise Evans
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Theresa Kurth
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Mingyu Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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31
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Richards J, Ko B, All S, Cheng KY, Hoover RS, Gumz ML. A role for the circadian clock protein Per1 in the regulation of the NaCl co-transporter (NCC) and the with-no-lysine kinase (WNK) cascade in mouse distal convoluted tubule cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11791-11806. [PMID: 24610784 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.531095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that blood pressure and renal function undergo circadian fluctuations. We have demonstrated that the circadian protein Per1 regulates multiple genes involved in sodium transport in the collecting duct of the kidney. However, the role of Per1 in other parts of the nephron has not been investigated. The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) plays a critical role in renal sodium reabsorption. Sodium is reabsorbed in this segment through the actions of the NaCl co-transporter (NCC), which is regulated by the with-no-lysine kinases (WNKs). The goal of this study was to test if Per1 regulates sodium transport in the DCT through modulation of NCC and the WNK kinases, WNK1 and WNK4. Pharmacological blockade of nuclear Per1 entry resulted in decreased mRNA expression of NCC and WNK1 but increased expression of WNK4 in the renal cortex of mice. These findings were confirmed by using Per1 siRNA and pharmacological blockade of Per1 nuclear entry in mDCT15 cells, a model of the mouse distal convoluted tubule. Transcriptional regulation was demonstrated by changes in short lived heterogeneous nuclear RNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated interaction of Per1 and CLOCK with the promoters of NCC, WNK1, and WNK4. This interaction was modulated by blockade of Per1 nuclear entry. Importantly, NCC protein expression and NCC activity, as measured by thiazide-sensitive, chloride-dependent (22)Na uptake, were decreased upon pharmacological inhibition of Per1 nuclear entry. Taken together, these data demonstrate a role for Per1 in the transcriptional regulation of NCC, WNK1, and WNK4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Richards
- Departments of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Benjamin Ko
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Sean All
- Departments of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Kit-Yan Cheng
- Departments of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Robert S Hoover
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; Research Service, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30033
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Departments of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610.
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