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Brum EDS, Fialho MFP, Fischer SPM, Hartmann DD, Gonçalves DF, Scussel R, Machado-de-Ávila RA, Dalla Corte CL, Soares FAA, Oliveira SM. Relevance of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Reserpine-Induced Experimental Fibromyalgia Model. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4202-4217. [PMID: 32685997 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01996-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is one of the most common musculoskeletal pain conditions. Although the aetiology of FM is still unknown, mitochondrial dysfunction and the overproduction of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) are common characteristics in its pathogenesis. The reserpine experimental model can induce FM-related symptoms in rodents by depleting biogenic amines. However, it is unclear whether reserpine causes other pathophysiologic characteristics of FM. So far, no one has investigated the relevance of mitochondrial dysfunction in the reserpine-induced experimental FM model using protection- and insult-based mitochondrial modulators. Reserpine (1 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected once daily for three consecutive days in male Swiss mice. We carried out analyses of reserpine-induced FM-related symptoms, and their modulation by using mitochondrial insult on ATP synthesis (oligomycin; 1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or mitochondrial protection (coenzyme Q10; 150 mg/kg/5 days, orally). We also evaluated the effect of reserpine on mitochondrial function using high-resolution respirometry and oxidative status. Reserpine caused nociception, loss in muscle strength, and anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours in mice that were consistent with clinical symptoms of FM, without inducing body weight and temperature alterations or motor impairment. Reserpine-induced FM-related symptoms were increased by oligomycin and reduced by coenzyme Q10 treatment. Reserpine caused mitochondrial dysfunction by negatively modulating the electron transport system and mitochondrial respiration (ATP synthesis) mainly in oxidative muscles and the spinal cord. These results support the role of mitochondria in mediating oxidative stress and FM symptoms in this model. In this way, reserpine-inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and increased production of ROI contribute to the development and maintenance of nociceptive, fatigue, and depressive-like behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne da Silva Brum
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Biochemical Toxicology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Pessano Fialho
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Biochemical Toxicology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Susana Paula Moreira Fischer
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Biochemical Toxicology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Diane Duarte Hartmann
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Biochemical Toxicology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Débora Farina Gonçalves
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Biochemical Toxicology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Rahisa Scussel
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Extreme South Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane Lenz Dalla Corte
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Biochemical Toxicology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Félix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Biochemical Toxicology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Biochemical Toxicology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Panajatovic MV, Singh F, Roos NJ, Duthaler U, Handschin C, Krähenbühl S, Bouitbir J. PGC-1α plays a pivotal role in simvastatin-induced exercise impairment in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13402. [PMID: 31605661 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Statins decrease cardiovascular complications, but can induce myopathy. Here, we explored the implication of PGC-1α in statin-associated myotoxicity. METHODS We treated PGC-1α knockout (KO), PGC-1α overexpression (OE) and wild-type (WT) mice orally with 5 mg simvastatin kg-1 day-1 for 3 weeks and assessed muscle function and metabolism. RESULTS In WT and KO mice, but not in OE mice, simvastatin decreased grip strength, maximal running distance and vertical power assessed by ergometry. Post-exercise plasma lactate concentrations were higher in WT and KO compared to OE mice. In glycolytic gastrocnemius, simvastatin decreased mitochondrial respiration, increased mitochondrial ROS production and free radical leak in WT and KO, but not in OE mice. Simvastatin increased mRNA expression of Sod1 and Sod2 in glycolytic and oxidative gastrocnemius of WT, but decreased it in KO mice. OE mice had a higher mitochondrial DNA content in both gastrocnemius than WT or KO mice and simvastatin exhibited a trend to decrease the citrate synthase activity in white and red gastrocnemius in all treatment groups. Simvastatin showed a trend to decrease the mitochondrial volume fraction in both muscle types of all treatment groups. Mitochondria were smaller in WT and KO compared to OE mice and simvastatin further reduced the mitochondrial size in WT and KO mice, but not in OE mice. CONCLUSIONS Simvastatin impairs skeletal muscle function, muscle oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial morphology preferentially in WT and KO mice, whereas OE mice appear to be protected, suggesting a role of PGC-1α in preventing simvastatin-associated myotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miljenko Valentin Panajatovic
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology University Hospital Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - François Singh
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology University Hospital Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Noëmi Johanna Roos
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology University Hospital Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Urs Duthaler
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology University Hospital Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | | | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology University Hospital Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT) Basel Switzerland
| | - Jamal Bouitbir
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology University Hospital Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT) Basel Switzerland
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Soares RN, Reimer RA, Doyle-Baker PK, Murias JM. Metabolic inflexibility in individuals with obesity assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2017; 14:502-509. [PMID: 28825331 DOI: 10.1177/1479164117725478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To non-invasively evaluate differences in oxidative metabolism in individuals with obesity compared to normal weight using the near-infrared spectroscopy and vascular occlusion technique during hyperglycaemia. METHODS In all, 16 normal-weight individuals (body mass index: 21.3 ± 1.7 kg/m2) and 13 individuals with obesity (body mass index: 34.4 ± 2.0 kg/m2) had five vascular occlusion tests (pre, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after glucose ingestion). Oxygen utilization was estimated from the area under the curve of the deoxyhemoglobin [HHb] signal during occlusion. Muscle reperfusion was derived from the area above the curve after cuff release. RESULTS The deoxyhemoglobin area under the curve during occlusion of the normal-weight individuals increased from 15,732 ± 2344 (% . s) at pre to 18,930 ± 3226 (% . s) ( p < 0.05) at 90 min after glucose ingestion. The deoxyhemoglobin area under the curve during occlusion decreased significantly from 14,695 ± 3341 (% . s) at pre to 11,273 ± 1825 (% . s) ( p < 0.05) and 11,360 ± 1750 (% . s) ( p < 0.05) at 30 and 60 min, respectively, after glucose ingestion. The area above the curve of deoxyhemoglobin during reperfusion decreased significantly from 6450 ± 765 (% . s) at pre to 4830 ± 963 (% . s) ( p < 0.05) at 60 min and to 4210 ± 595 (% . s) ( p < 0.01) at 90 min in normal-weight individuals after glucose ingestion, with no changes observed in individuals with obesity. CONCLUSION This study confirmed in vivo and non-invasively the metabolic inflexibility of skeletal muscle in individuals with obesity during hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- 1 Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- 2 Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Patricia K Doyle-Baker
- 1 Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- 3 Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Juan M Murias
- 1 Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Beaudet AL. Brain carnitine deficiency causes nonsyndromic autism with an extreme male bias: A hypothesis. Bioessays 2017; 39. [PMID: 28703319 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Could 10-20% of autism be prevented? We hypothesize that nonsyndromic or "essential" autism involves extreme male bias in infants who are genetically normal, but they develop deficiency of carnitine and perhaps other nutrients in the brain causing autism that may be amenable to early reversal and prevention. That brain carnitine deficiency might cause autism is suggested by reports of severe carnitine deficiency in autism and by evidence that TMLHE deficiency - a defect in carnitine biosynthesis - is a risk factor for autism. A gene on the X chromosome (SLC6A14) likely escapes random X-inactivation (a mixed epigenetic and genetic regulation) and could limit carnitine transport across the blood-brain barrier in boys compared to girls. A mixed, common gene variant-environment hypothesis is proposed with diet, minor illnesses, microbiome, and drugs as possible risk modifiers. The hypothesis can be tested using animal models and by a trial of carnitine supplementation in siblings of probands. Perhaps the lack of any Recommended Dietary Allowance for carnitine in infants should be reviewed. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/BuRH_jSjX5Y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur L Beaudet
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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