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Jadhav Y, Thakur NR, Ingle KP, Ceasar SA. The role of phenomics and genomics in delineating the genetic basis of complex traits in millets. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14349. [PMID: 38783512 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Millets, comprising a diverse group of small-seeded grains, have emerged as vital crops with immense nutritional, environmental, and economic significance. The comprehension of complex traits in millets, influenced by multifaceted genetic determinants, presents a compelling challenge and opportunity in agricultural research. This review delves into the transformative roles of phenomics and genomics in deciphering these intricate genetic architectures. On the phenomics front, high-throughput platforms generate rich datasets on plant morphology, physiology, and performance in diverse environments. This data, coupled with field trials and controlled conditions, helps to interpret how the environment interacts with genetics. Genomics provides the underlying blueprint for these complex traits. Genome sequencing and genotyping technologies have illuminated the millet genome landscape, revealing diverse gene pools and evolutionary relationships. Additionally, different omics approaches unveil the intricate information of gene expression, protein function, and metabolite accumulation driving phenotypic expression. This multi-omics approach is crucial for identifying candidate genes and unfolding the intricate pathways governing complex traits. The review highlights the synergy between phenomics and genomics. Genomically informed phenotyping targets specific traits, reducing the breeding size and cost. Conversely, phenomics identifies promising germplasm for genomic analysis, prioritizing variants with superior performance. This dynamic interplay accelerates breeding programs and facilitates the development of climate-smart, nutrient-rich millet varieties and hybrids. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the crucial roles of phenomics and genomics in unlocking the genetic enigma of millets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashoda Jadhav
- International Crops Research Institutes for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, TS, India
| | - Niranjan Ravindra Thakur
- International Crops Research Institutes for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, TS, India
- Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani, MS, India
| | | | - Stanislaus Antony Ceasar
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kochi, KL, India
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Margaritelis NV, Nastos GG, Vasileiadou O, Chatzinikolaou PN, Theodorou AA, Paschalis V, Vrabas IS, Kyparos A, Fatouros IG, Nikolaidis MG. Inter-individual variability in redox and performance responses after antioxidant supplementation: A randomized double blind crossover study. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 238:e14017. [PMID: 37401190 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to investigate the inter-individual variability in redox and physiological responses of antioxidant-deficient subjects after antioxidant supplementation. METHODS Two hundred individuals were sorted by plasma vitamin C levels. A low vitamin C group (n = 22) and a control group (n = 22) were compared in terms of oxidative stress and performance. Subsequently, the low vitamin C group received for 30 days vitamin C (1 g) or placebo, in randomized, double-blind, crossover fashion, and the effects were examined through a mixed-effects model, while individual responses were calculated. RESULTS The low vitamin C group exhibited lower vitamin C (-25 μmol/L; 95%CI[-31.7, -18.3]; p < 0.001), higher F2 -isoprostanes (+17.1 pg/mL; 95%CI[6.5, 27.7]; p = 0.002), impaired VO2max (-8.2 mL/kg/min; 95%CI[-12.8, -3.6]; p < 0.001) and lower isometric peak torque (-41.5 Nm; 95%CI[-61.8, -21.2]; p < 0.001) compared to the control group. Regarding antioxidant supplementation, a significant treatment effect was found in vitamin C (+11.6 μmol/L; 95%CI[6.8, 17.1], p < 0.001), F2 -isoprostanes (-13.7 pg/mL; 95%CI[-18.9, -8.4], p < 0.001), VO2max (+5.4 mL/kg/min; 95%CI[2.7, 8.2], p = 0.001) and isometric peak torque (+18.7; 95%CI[11.8, 25.7 Nm], p < 0.001). The standard deviation for individual responses (SDir) was greater than the smallest worthwhile change (SWC) for all variables indicating meaningful inter-individual variability. When a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was set, inter-individual variability remained for VO2max , but not for isometric peak torque. CONCLUSION The proportion of response was generally high after supplementation (82.9%-95.3%); however, a few participants did not benefit from the treatment. This underlines the potential need for personalized nutritional interventions in an exercise physiology context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos V Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - George G Nastos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Olga Vasileiadou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Panagiotis N Chatzinikolaou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Anastasios A Theodorou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vassilis Paschalis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Vrabas
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Antonios Kyparos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
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Tirkey SR, Ram S, Mitra M, Mishra S. Performance analysis of Pseudomonas sp. strain SA3 in naphthalene degradation using phytotoxicity and microcosm studies. Biodegradation 2022; 33:169-180. [PMID: 35103887 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-022-09972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study is aimed to develop a microbial system for efficient naphthalene bioremediation. A phytotoxicity study was carried out to check the naphthalene detoxification efficiency of Pseudomonas sp. strain SA3 in mung bean (Vigna radiata). For this, administration of the degraded product (supernatant) of 500 mg L-1 naphthalene by Pseudomonas sp. strain SA3 was studied on V. radiata till 168 h. The growth parameters of mung bean seedlings exposed to treated naphthalene solution were statistically similar to distilled water but a twofold decrease when exposed to untreated naphthalene solution. Further, through the soil microcosm study, the naphthalene degradation by pure colonies of Pseudomonas sp. strain SA3 was 6.8% higher as compared to when the natural microflora was mixed with Pseudomonas sp. strain SA3. Further naphthalene degradation by a microcosm model revealed that with an increased concentration of glucose, the carbon dioxide trap rate decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Rani Tirkey
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.,Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
| | - Shristi Ram
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, 560111, India
| | - Madhusree Mitra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.,Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India.
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Rodriguez-Furlán C, Miranda G, Reggiardo M, Hicks GR, Norambuena L. High throughput selection of novel plant growth regulators: Assessing the translatability of small bioactive molecules from Arabidopsis to crops. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 245:50-60. [PMID: 26940491 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) have become an integral part of agricultural and horticultural practices. Accordingly, there is an increased demand for new and cost-effective products. Nevertheless, the market is limited by insufficient innovation. In this context chemical genomics has gained increasing attention as a powerful approach addressing specific traits. Here is described the successful implementation of a highly specific, sensitive and efficient high throughput screening approach using Arabidopsis as a model. Using a combination of techniques, 10,000 diverse compounds were screened and evaluated for several important plant growth traits including root and leaf growth. The phenotype-based selection allowed the compilation of a collection of putative Arabidopsis growth regulators with a broad range of activities and specificities. A subset was selected for evaluating their bioactivity in agronomically valuable plants. Their validation as growth regulators in commercial species such as tomato, lettuce, carrot, maize and turfgrasses reinforced the success of the screening in Arabidopsis and indicated that small molecules activity can be efficiently translated to commercial species. Therefore, the chemical genomics approach in Arabidopsis is a promising field that can be incorporated in PGR discovery programs and has a great potential to develop new products that can be efficiently used in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rodriguez-Furlán
- Plant Molecular Biology Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Giovanna Miranda
- Plant Molecular Biology Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Martín Reggiardo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Glenn R Hicks
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Lorena Norambuena
- Plant Molecular Biology Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.
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Carland F, Defries A, Cutler S, Nelson T. Novel Vein Patterns in Arabidopsis Induced by Small Molecules. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:338-53. [PMID: 26574596 PMCID: PMC4704596 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of veins in transporting water, nutrients, and signals suggests that some key regulators of vein formation may be genetically redundant and, thus, undetectable by forward genetic screens. To identify such regulators, we screened more than 5000 structurally diverse small molecules for compounds that alter Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf vein patterns. Many compound-induced phenotypes were observed, including vein networks with an open reticulum; decreased or increased vein number and thickness; and misaligned, misshapen, or nonpolar vascular cells. Further characterization of several individual active compounds suggests that their targets include hormone cross talk, hormone-dependent transcription, and PIN-FORMED trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Carland
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 (F.C., T.N.);Bloomfield Industries, Inc., Staten Island, New York 10314 (A.D.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92507 (S.C.)
| | - Andrew Defries
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 (F.C., T.N.);Bloomfield Industries, Inc., Staten Island, New York 10314 (A.D.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92507 (S.C.)
| | - Sean Cutler
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 (F.C., T.N.);Bloomfield Industries, Inc., Staten Island, New York 10314 (A.D.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92507 (S.C.)
| | - Timothy Nelson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 (F.C., T.N.);Bloomfield Industries, Inc., Staten Island, New York 10314 (A.D.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92507 (S.C.)
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