1
|
Peng Y, Liang Z, Qing X, Wen M, Yuan Z, Chen Q, Du X, Gu R, Wang J, Li L. Transcriptome Analysis Revealed ZmPTOX1 Is Required for Seedling Development and Stress Tolerance in Maize. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2346. [PMID: 39273830 PMCID: PMC11397459 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Plant seedling morphogenesis is considerably related to photosynthesis, pigment synthesis, and circadian periodicity during seedling development. We identified and cloned a maize zebra or crossbanding leaves mutant wk3735, which produces pale white kernels and was identified and plays a role in the equilibrium of the Redox state the in/out of ETC by active oxygen scavenging. Interestingly, it produces the zebra leaves during the production of the first seven leaves, which is apparently different from the mutation of homologs AtPTOX in Arabidopsis. It is intriguing to investigate how and why yellow crossbands (zebra leaf phenotype) emerge on leaves. As expected, chlorophyll concentration and photosynthetic efficiency both significantly declined in the yellow sector of wk3735 leaves. Meanwhile, we observed the circadian expression pattern of ZmPTOX1, which was further validated by protein interaction assays of the circadian clock protein TIM1 and ZmPTOX1. The transcriptome data of yellow (muW) and green (muG) sectors of knock-out lines and normal leaves of overexpression lines (OE) at the 5th-leaf seedling stage were analyzed. Zebra leaf etiolated sections exhibit a marked defect in the expression of genes involved in the circadian rhythm and rhythmic stress (light and cold stress) responses than green sections. According to the analysis of co-DEGs of muW vs. OE and muG vs. OE, terms linked to cell repair function were upregulated while those linked to environmental adaptability and stress response were downregulated due to the mutation of ZmPTOX1. Further gene expression level analyses of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes and detection of ROS deposition indicated that ZmPTOX1 played an essential role in plant stress resistance and ROS homeostasis. The pleiotropic roles of ZmPTOX1 in plant ROS homeostasis maintenance, stress response, and circadian rhythm character may collectively explain the phenotype of zebra leaves during wk3735 seedling development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Peng
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Utilization of Oil Tea Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Academy Forestry, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Zhi Liang
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xindong Qing
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Motong Wen
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Zhipeng Yuan
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Quanquan Chen
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuemei Du
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Riliang Gu
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Li
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peng Y, Liang Z, Cai M, Wang J, Li D, Chen Q, Du X, Gu R, Wang G, Schnable PS, Wang J, Li L. ZmPTOX1, a plastid terminal oxidase, contributes to redox homeostasis during seed development and germination. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:460-477. [PMID: 38678554 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Maize plastid terminal oxidase1 (ZmPTOX1) plays a pivotal role in seed development by upholding redox balance within seed plastids. This study focuses on characterizing the white kernel mutant 3735 (wk3735) mutant, which yields pale-yellow seeds characterized by heightened protein but reduced carotenoid levels, along with delayed germination compared to wild-type (WT) seeds. We successfully cloned and identified the target gene ZmPTOX1, responsible for encoding maize PTOX-a versatile plastoquinol oxidase and redox sensor located in plastid membranes. While PTOX's established role involves regulating redox states and participating in carotenoid metabolism in Arabidopsis leaves and tomato fruits, our investigation marks the first exploration of its function in storage organs lacking a photosynthetic system. Through our research, we validated the existence of plastid-localized ZmPTOX1, existing as a homomultimer, and established its interaction with ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase 1 (ZmFNR1), a crucial component of the electron transport chain (ETC). This interaction contributes to the maintenance of redox equilibrium within plastids. Our findings indicate a propensity for excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in wk3735 seeds. Beyond its known role in carotenoids' antioxidant properties, ZmPTOX1 also impacts ROS homeostasis owing to its oxidizing function. Altogether, our results underscore the critical involvement of ZmPTOX1 in governing seed development and germination by preserving redox balance within the seed plastids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Minghao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Delin Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Quanquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Riliang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Patrick S Schnable
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, 2035 Roy J. Carver Co-Lab, Ames, 50011-3650, Iowa, USA
| | - Jianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yao R, Liu H, Wang J, Shi S, Zhao G, Zhou X. Cytological structures and physiological and biochemical characteristics of covered oat (Avena sativa L.) and naked oat (Avena nuda L.) seeds during high-temperature artificial aging. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:530. [PMID: 38862888 PMCID: PMC11165783 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seed aging, a natural and inevitable process occurring during storage. Oats, an annual herb belonging to the Gramineae family and pooideae. In addition to being a healthy food, oats serve as ecological pastures, combating soil salinization and desertification. They also play a role in promoting grassland agriculture and supplementing winter livestock feed. However, the high lipid and fat derivatives contents of oat seeds make them susceptible to deterioration, as fat derivatives are prone to rancidity, affecting oat seed production, storage, development, and germplasm resource utilization. Comparative studies on the effects of aging on physiology and cytological structure in covered and naked oat seeds are limited. Thus, our study aimed to determine the mechanism underlying seed deterioration in artificially aged 'LongYan No. 3' (A. sativa) and 'BaiYan No. 2' (A. nuda) seeds, providing a basis for the physiological evaluation of oat seed aging and serving as a reference for scientifically safe storage and efficient utilization of oats. RESULTS In both oat varieties, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in seeds showed increasing and decreasing trends, respectively. Variance analysis revealed significant differences and interaction in all measured indicators of oat seeds between the two varieties at different aging times. 'LongYan No. 3' seeds, aged for 24-96 h, exhibited a germination rate of < 30%, Conductivity, malondialdehyde, soluble sugar, and soluble protein levels increased more significantly than the 'BaiYan No. 2'. With prolonged aging leading to cell membrane degradation, reactive oxygen species accumulation, disrupted antioxidant enzyme system, evident embryo cell swelling, and disordered cell arrangement, blocking the nutrient supply route. Simultaneously, severely concentrated chromatin in the nucleus, damaged mitochondrial structure, and impaired energy metabolism were noted, resulting in the loss of 'LongYan No. 3' seed vitality and value. Conversely, 'BaiYan No. 2' seeds showed a germination rate of 73.33% after 96 h of aging, consistently higher antioxidant enzyme activity during aging, normal embryonic cell shape, and existence of the endoplasmic reticulum. CONCLUSIONS ROS accumulation and antioxidant enzyme system damage in aged oat seeds, nuclear chromatin condensation, mitochondrial structure damage, nucleic acid metabolism and respiration weakened, oat seed vigor decreased. 'LongYan No. 3' seeds were more severely damaged under artificial aging than 'BaiYan No. 2' seeds, highlighting their heightened susceptibility to aging effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Yao
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Jinglong Wang
- Tibet Grassland Science Research Institute, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Shangli Shi
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Guiqin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiangrui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Samota MK, Awana M, Krishnan V, Kumar S, Tyagi A, Pandey R, Mithra SVA, Singh A. A novel micronutrients and methyl jasmonate cocktail of elicitors via seed priming improves drought tolerance by mitigating oxidative stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:553-570. [PMID: 38159129 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Drought is a major limiting factor for rice (Oryza sativa L.) production globally, and a cost-effective seed priming technique using bio-elicitors has been found to have stress mitigating effects. Till date, mostly phytohormones have been preferred as bio-elicitors, but the present study is a novel attempt to demonstrate the favorable role of micronutrients-phytohormone cocktail, i.e., iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and methyl jasmonate (MJ) via seed priming method in mitigating the deleterious impacts of drought stress through physio-biochemical and molecular manifestations. The effect of cocktail/priming was studied on the relative water content, chlorophyll a/b and carotenoid contents, proline content, abscisic acid (ABA) content, and on the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), NADPH oxidase (Nox), and catalase (CAT). The expressions of drought-responsive genes OsZn-SOD, OsFe-SOD, and Nox1 were found to be modulated under drought stress in contrasting rice genotypes -N-22 (Nagina-22, drought-tolerant) and PS-5 (Pusa Sugandh-5, drought-sensitive). A progressive rise in carotenoids (10-19%), ABA (18-50%), proline (60-80%), activities of SOD (27-62%), APX (46-61%), CAT (50-80%), Nox (16-30%), and upregulated (0.9-1.6-fold) expressions of OsZn-SOD, OsFe-SOD, and Nox1 genes were found in the primed plants under drought condition. This cocktail would serve as a potential supplement in modern agricultural practices utilizing seed priming technique to mitigate drought stress-induced oxidative burst in food crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kumar Samota
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
- HCP-Division, ICAR-CIPHET, Abohar, Punjab-152116, India
| | - Monika Awana
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Veda Krishnan
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Aruna Tyagi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Rakesh Pandey
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - S V Amitha Mithra
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lv T, Li J, Zhou L, Zhou T, Pritchard HW, Ren C, Chen J, Yan J, Pei J. Aging-Induced Reduction in Safflower Seed Germination via Impaired Energy Metabolism and Genetic Integrity Is Partially Restored by Sucrose and DA-6 Treatment. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:659. [PMID: 38475505 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Seed storage underpins global agriculture and the seed trade and revealing the mechanisms of seed aging is essential for enhancing seed longevity management. Safflower is a multipurpose oil crop, rich in unsaturated fatty acids that are at high risk of peroxidation as a contributory factor to seed aging. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for safflower seed viability loss are not yet elucidated. We used controlled deterioration (CDT) conditions of 60% relative humidity and 50 °C to reduce germination in freshly harvested safflower seeds and analyzed aged seeds using biochemical and molecular techniques. While seed malondialdehyde (MDA) and fatty acid content increased significantly during CDT, catalase activity and soluble sugar content decreased. KEGG analysis of gene function and qPCR validation indicated that aging severely impaired several key functional and biosynthetic pathways including glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, antioxidant activity, and DNA replication and repair. Furthermore, exogenous sucrose and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) treatment partially promoted germination in aged seeds, further demonstrating the vital role of impaired sugar and fatty acid metabolism during the aging and recovery processes. We concluded that energy metabolism and genetic integrity are impaired during aging, which contributes to the loss of seed vigor. Such energy metabolic pathways as glycolysis, fatty acid degradation, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) are impaired, especially fatty acids produced by the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols during aging, as they are not efficiently converted to sucrose via the glyoxylate cycle to provide energy supply for safflower seed germination and seedling growth. At the same time, the reduced capacity for nucleotide synthesis capacity and the deterioration of DNA repair ability further aggravate the damage to DNA, reducing seed vitality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lanyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hugh W Pritchard
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, China
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, Ardingly, Haywards Heath RH17 6TN, West Sussex, UK
| | - Chaoxiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pirredda M, Fañanás-Pueyo I, Oñate-Sánchez L, Mira S. Seed Longevity and Ageing: A Review on Physiological and Genetic Factors with an Emphasis on Hormonal Regulation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:41. [PMID: 38202349 PMCID: PMC10780731 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Upon storage, seeds inevitably age and lose their viability over time, which determines their longevity. Longevity correlates with successful seed germination and enhancing this trait is of fundamental importance for long-term seed storage (germplasm conservation) and crop improvement. Seed longevity is governed by a complex interplay between genetic factors and environmental conditions experienced during seed development and after-ripening that will shape seed physiology. Several factors have been associated with seed ageing such as oxidative stress responses, DNA repair enzymes, and composition of seed layers. Phytohormones, mainly abscisic acid, auxins, and gibberellins, have also emerged as prominent endogenous regulators of seed longevity, and their study has provided new regulators of longevity. Gaining a thorough understanding of how hormonal signalling genes and pathways are integrated with downstream mechanisms related to seed longevity is essential for formulating strategies aimed at preserving seed quality and viability. A relevant aspect related to research in seed longevity is the existence of significant differences between results depending on the seed equilibrium relative humidity conditions used to study seed ageing. Hence, this review delves into the genetic, environmental and experimental factors affecting seed ageing and longevity, with a particular focus on their hormonal regulation. We also provide gene network models underlying hormone signalling aimed to help visualize their integration into seed longevity and ageing. We believe that the format used to present the information bolsters its value as a resource to support seed longevity research for seed conservation and crop improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pirredda
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Iris Fañanás-Pueyo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis Oñate-Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sara Mira
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Belal HEE, Abdelpary MAM, Desoky ESM, Ali EF, Al Kashgry NAT, Rady MM, Semida WM, Mahmoud AEM, Sayed AAS. Effect of Eco-Friendly Application of Bee Honey Solution on Yield, Physio-Chemical, Antioxidants, and Enzyme Gene Expressions in Excessive Nitrogen-Stressed Common Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3435. [PMID: 37836175 PMCID: PMC10575117 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Excessive use of nitrogen (N) pollutes the environment and causes greenhouse gas emissions; however, the application of eco-friendly plant biostimulators (BSs) can overcome these issues. Therefore, this paper aimed to explore the role of diluted bee honey solution (DHS) in attenuating the adverse impacts of N toxicity on Phaseolus vulgaris growth, yield quality, physio-chemical properties, and defense systems. For this purpose, the soil was fertilized with 100, 125, and 150% of the recommended N dose (RND), and the plants were sprayed with 1.5% DHS. Trials were arranged in a two-factor split-plot design (N levels occupied main plots × DH- occupied subplots). Excess N (150% RND) caused a significant decline in plant growth, yield quality, photosynthesis, and antioxidants, while significantly increasing oxidants and oxidative damage [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide (O2•-), nitrate, electrolyte leakage (EL), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels]. However, DHS significantly improved antioxidant activities (glutathione and nitrate reductases, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, proline, ascorbate, α-tocopherol, and glutathione) and osmoregulatory levels (soluble protein, glycine betaine, and soluble sugars). Enzyme gene expressions showed the same trend as enzyme activities. Additionally, H2O2, O2•-, EL, MDA, and nitrate levels were significantly declined, reflecting enhanced growth, yield, fruit quality, and photosynthetic efficiency. The results demonstrate that DHS can be used as an eco-friendly approach to overcome the harmful impacts of N toxicity on P. vulgaris plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussein E. E. Belal
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (H.E.E.B.); (M.A.M.A.)
| | - Mostafa A. M. Abdelpary
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (H.E.E.B.); (M.A.M.A.)
| | - El-Sayed M. Desoky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Esmat F. Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (E.F.A.); (N.A.T.A.K.)
| | - Najla Amin T. Al Kashgry
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (E.F.A.); (N.A.T.A.K.)
| | - Mostafa M. Rady
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (H.E.E.B.); (M.A.M.A.)
| | - Wael M. Semida
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
| | - Amr E. M. Mahmoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
| | - Ali A. S. Sayed
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (H.E.E.B.); (M.A.M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu Q, Zhang Y, Dong X, Zheng L, Zhou Y, Gao F. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis reveals that the change of apoplast metabolites contributes to adaptation to winter freezing stress in Euonymus japonicus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107924. [PMID: 37541019 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Euonymus japonicus, a common urban street tree, can withstand winter freezing stress in temperate regions. The apoplast is the space outside the plasma membrane, and the changes of metabolites in apoplast may be involved in plant adaptation to adverse environments. To reveal the molecular mechanism underlying the winter freezing stress tolerance in E. japonicus, the changes in physiological and biochemical indexes, apoplast metabolites, and gene expression in the leaves of E. japonicus in early autumn and winter were analyzed. A total of 300 differentially accumulated metabolites were identified in apoplast fluids in E. japonicus, which were mainly related to flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, and galactose metabolism, amino acid synthesis, and unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis revealed that E. japonicus adjust apoplast metabolites including flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol, and oligosaccharides such as raffinose and stachyose, to adapt to winter freezing stress through gene expression regulation. In addition, the regulation of ABA and SA biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways, as well as the activation of the antioxidant enzymes, also played important roles in the adaptation to winter freezing stress in E. japonicus. The present study provided essential data for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the adaptation to winter freezing stress in E. japonicus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yifang Zhang
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lamei Zheng
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yi K, Yue J, Yang S, Jiang Y, Hong L, Zeng H, Wei K, Mao P, Sun Y, Dou L, Li M. Germination of aged oat seeds associated with changes in antioxidant enzyme activity and storage compounds mobilization. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14020. [PMID: 37882312 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Germination of aged seeds may be associated with specific metabolic changes. The objective of this study was to examine physiological and metabolic alterations before and after germination of control and aged oat (Avena sativa) seeds. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the level of storage compounds were measured in the embryo and endosperm at 0, 4, 16, and 32 h of imbibition for control seeds and 0, 4, 16, 32, and 60 h of imbibition for medium vigor seeds after artificially accelerated aging; metabolomic changes were determined in embryos at 16 and 32 h of seed imbibition. In aged oat seeds, superoxide dismutase activity and catalase activity increased in the late imbibition stage. The content of soluble sugars decreased significantly in the later stages of imbibition, while the content of proteins increased in 32 h of seed imbibition eventually producing mannitol and proline. The mobilization of fat in deteriorated seeds was mainly through the sphingolipid metabolic pathway generated by cell growth-promoting dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate. Ascorbic acid, avenanthramide and proline levels increased significantly at 60 h of imbibition, playing an important role in the germination of aged oat seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yi
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Yue
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangfeng Yang
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Liu Hong
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanguo Zeng
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peisheng Mao
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liru Dou
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Manli Li
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Luo Y, Zhang Y, Le J, Li Q, Mou J, Deng S, Li J, Wang R, Deng Z, Liu J. Full-Length Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of Metasequoia glyptostroboides Seed Responding to Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1353. [PMID: 37507893 PMCID: PMC10376015 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Hu and W. C. Cheng, as the only surviving relict species of the Taxodiaceae Metasequoia genus, is a critically endangered and protected species in China. There is a risk of extinction due to the low vigor of M. glyptostroboides seeds, and the physiological mechanism of seed aging in M. glyptostroboides is not yet clear. In order to investigate the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the aging process of M. glyptostroboides seeds, we analyzed the antioxidant system and transcriptome at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after artificial accelerated aging treatment at 40 °C and 100% relative humidity. It was found that the germination percentage of fresh dried M. glyptostroboides seeds was 54 ± 5.29%, and significantly declined to 9.33 ± 1.88% after 6 days of aging, and then gradually decreased until the seed died on day 8. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide anion (O2·-) content and production rate significantly decreased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) activity gradually increased during the aging process. A total of 42,189 unigenes were identified in the whole transcriptome, and 40,446 (95.86%) unigenes were annotated in at least one protein database. A total of 15,376 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained; KEGG enrichment analysis results revealed that seed aging may be mainly involved in the protein-processing pathways in endoplasmic reticulum, oxidative phosphorylation, and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that the dark magenta, orange, and medium purple modules were highly correlated with physiological indicators such as SOD, CAT, and GSH and further identified 40 hub genes such as Rboh, ACO, HSF, and CML as playing important roles in the antioxidant network of M. glyptostroboides seeds. These findings provide a broader perspective for studying the regulatory mechanism of seed aging and a large number of potential target genes for the breeding of other endangered gymnosperms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jingyu Le
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Qing Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiaolin Mou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Shiming Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Jitao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Zhijun Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang M, Li B, Wan Z, Chen X, Liu C, Liu C, Zhou Y. Exogenous Spermidine Promotes Germination of Aged Sorghum Seeds by Mediating Sugar Metabolism. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2853. [PMID: 36365306 PMCID: PMC9657371 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Starch, a substance stored in seeds, is the main source of energy for germination in sorghum seeds. However, as the seeds age, the catabolism of seed starch is affected, thereby seriously damaging germination ability. In this study, we aimed to understand how exogenous spermidine promoted germination in aged sorghum seed. Our phenotypic analysis indicated that exogenous spermidine not only significantly improved the germination rate, germination potential, germination index, and vigor index of aged seeds, but also increased the root and shoot length after germination. Further, physiological analysis showed that exogenous spermidine increased the content of soluble sugar by upregulating the activity of amylase and sucrose invertase. Exogenous spermidine also improved the activities of key enzymes in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway of aged sorghum seeds. Interestingly, exogenous spermidine protected the mitochondrial structure of aged seeds, which was consistent with the increase in the respiration rate and ATP content during seed germination. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that exogenous spermidine induced the expression of key genes related to starch and sugar metabolism in aged sorghum seeds. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that exogenous spermidine promoted aged sorghum seed germination by regulating starch and sugar metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Bang Li
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zuliang Wan
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chunjuan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yufei Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yao X, Zhou M, Ruan J, Peng Y, Ma C, Wu W, Gao A, Weng W, Cheng J. Physiological and Biochemical Regulation Mechanism of Exogenous Hydrogen Peroxide in Alleviating NaCl Stress Toxicity in Tartary Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10698. [PMID: 36142630 PMCID: PMC9505081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to elucidate the physiological and biochemical mechanism by which exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) alleviates salt stress toxicity in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn). Tartary buckwheat "Chuanqiao-2" under 150 mmol·L-1 salt (NaCl) stress was treated with 5 or 10 mmol·L-1 H2O2, and seedling growth, physiology and biochemistry, and related gene expression were studied. Treatment with 5 mmol·L-1 H2O2 significantly increased plant height (PH), fresh and dry weights of shoots (SFWs/SDWs) and roots (RFWs/RDWs), leaf length (LL) and area (LA), and relative water content (LRWC); increased chlorophyll a (Chl a) and b (Chl b) contents; improved fluorescence parameters; enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and content; and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Expressions of all stress-related and enzyme-related genes were up-regulated. The F3'H gene (flavonoid synthesis pathway) exhibited similar up-regulation under 10 mmol·L-1 H2O2 treatment. Correlation and principal component analyses showed that 5 mmol·L-1 H2O2 could significantly alleviate the toxic effect of salt stress on Tartary buckwheat. Our results show that exogenous 5 mmol·L-1 H2O2 can alleviate the inhibitory or toxic effects of 150 mmol·L-1 NaCl stress on Tartary buckwheat by promoting growth, enhancing photosynthesis, improving enzymatic reactions, reducing membrane lipid peroxidation, and inducing the expression of related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yao
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingjun Ruan
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yan Peng
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Weijiao Wu
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Anjing Gao
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wenfeng Weng
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jianping Cheng
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hashemipetroudi SH, Ahmadian G, Fatemi F, Nematzadeh G, Yamchi A, Kuhlmann M. Ion content, antioxidant enzyme activity and transcriptional response under salt stress and recovery condition in the halophyte grass Aeluropus littoralis. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:201. [PMID: 35690800 PMCID: PMC9188045 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In contrast to glycophytes, halophyte plants have evolved unique morphological and physiological mechanisms to deal with abiotic stress. This study presents the physiological responses of Aeluropus littoralis, a halophyte grass, to salt stress and recovery conditions on the molecular level. RESULTS Elemental analysis showed that Na+ concentration increased in the analyzed tissue during salt stress application, and declined at recovery condition. With the exception of root tissue, comparable trends of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations were observed (decreased during salt stress, increased during recovery). Salinity led to an increase in total chlorophyll (Chl), Chl a, and carotenoids content, while Chl b content decreased. The level of the proline amino acid associated with drought and salt stress was increased. Here APX, POD, and SOD activity were strongly detectable in roots and reduced later under recovery conditions. RT-qPCR revealed up-regulation of antioxidant genes at S1 and S3 in the root but down-regulation in recovery conditions. This study found a significant halophyte index for understanding the processes of salinity tolerance in A. littoralis. These findings may provide insight into the role of antioxidant enzymes during salt stress and the mechanism underlying the plant's response to stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Hamidreza Hashemipetroudi
- Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, PO Box 578, Sari, Iran
- RG Heterosis, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Gholamreza Ahmadian
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fatemi
- Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, PO Box 578, Sari, Iran
| | - Ghorbanali Nematzadeh
- Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, PO Box 578, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahad Yamchi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Markus Kuhlmann
- RG Heterosis, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Su X, Gao T, Zhang P, Li F, Wang D, Tian Y, Lu H, Zhang H, Wei S. Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analysis of sesame cultivars with different tolerance responses to heat stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1131-1146. [PMID: 35722520 PMCID: PMC9203651 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
High temperature is the main factor affecting plant growth and can cause plant growth inhibition and yield reduction. Here, seedlings of two contrasting sesame varieties, i.e., Zheng Taizhi 3 (heat-tolerant) and SP19 (heat-sensitive), were treated at 43 °C for 10 days. The results showed that the relative electrical conductivity, hydrogen peroxide levels, and superoxide anion radical levels of both varieties increased significantly under high temperature stress. Additionally, dry matter accumulation and chlorophyll content decreased significantly, and the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased. However, under HT stress, the content of reactive oxygen species in Zheng Taizhi 3 was lower than that in SP19, and the activities of SOD, CAT, and POD as well as the chlorophyll content in Zheng Taizhi 3 were higher than those in SP19. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified 6736 differentially expressed genes (DEGs); 5526 DEGs (2878 up and 2648 down) were identified in Zheng Taizhi 3, and 5186 DEGs (2695 up and 2491 down) were identified in SP19, with 3976 overlapping DEGs. These DEGs included stress tolerance-related heat-shock proteins, as well as genes related to carbohydrate and energy metabolism, signal transduction, endoplasmic reticulum protein processing, amino acid metabolism, and secondary metabolism. Overall, our results showed that the heat tolerance of Zheng Taizhi 3 was attributed to a stronger antioxidant defense system, enabling the variety to avoid oxidative damage compared with the heat-sensitive SP19. Moreover, some specifically expressed and high-abundance genes in Zheng Taizhi 3 were involved in regulatory mechanisms related to heat tolerance, including plant hormone signal transduction and heat shock protein regulation, thereby enhancing heat tolerance. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the underlying complex molecular mechanisms involved in the responses of sesame seedlings to heat stress and provides a potential strategy for heat-resistant new varieties. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01195-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Su
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan People’s Republic of China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongmei Gao
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan People’s Republic of China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Zhang
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan People’s Republic of China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongyong Wang
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailing Lu
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan People’s Republic of China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangling Wei
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan People’s Republic of China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gianella M, Doria E, Dondi D, Milanese C, Gallotti L, Börner A, Zannino L, Macovei A, Pagano A, Guzzon F, Biggiogera M, Balestrazzi A. Physiological and molecular aspects of seed longevity: exploring intra-species variation in eight Pisum sativum L. accessions. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13698. [PMID: 35526223 PMCID: PMC9321030 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Conservation of plant genetic diversity is fundamental for crop improvement, increasing agricultural production and sustainability, especially in the face of climatic changes. Although seed longevity is essential for the management of seed banks, few studies have, so far, addressed differences in this trait among the accessions of a single species. Eight Pisum sativum L. (pea) accessions were investigated to study the impact of long-term (approximately 20 years) storage, aiming to reveal contrasting seed longevity and clarify the causes for these differences. The outstanding seed longevity observed in the G4 accession provided a unique experimental system. To characterize the biochemical and physical status of stored seeds, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, tocopherols, free proline and reducing sugars were measured. Thermoanalytical measurements (thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry) and transmission electron microscopy combined with immunohistochemical analysis were performed. The long-lived G4 seeds neither consumed tocopherols during storage nor showed free proline accumulation, as a deterioration hallmark, whereas reducing sugars were not affected. Thermal decomposition suggested a biomass composition compatible with the presence of low molecular weight molecules. Expansion of heterochromatic areas and reduced occurrence of γH2AX foci were highlighted in the nucleus of G4 seeds. The longevity of G4 seeds correlates with the occurrence of a reducing cellular environment and a nuclear ultrastructure favourable to genome stability. This work brings novelty to the study of within-species variations in seed longevity, underlining the relevance of multidisciplinary approaches in seed longevity research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maraeva Gianella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani’University of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, ArdinglyHaywards HeathWest SussexUK
| | - Enrico Doria
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani’University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Daniele Dondi
- C.S.G.I. & Department of ChemistryUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Chiara Milanese
- C.S.G.I. & Department of ChemistryUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Lucia Gallotti
- C.S.G.I. & Department of ChemistryUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Andreas Börner
- Genebank DepartmentLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) CorrensstrSeelandGermany
| | - Lorena Zannino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani’University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Anca Macovei
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani’University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Andrea Pagano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani’University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Filippo Guzzon
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)Carretera México‐VeracruzTexcocoMexico StateMexico
- Centre for Pacific Crops and Trees (CePaCT), Land Resource Division (LRD)Pacific Community (SPC)SuvaFiji
| | - Marco Biggiogera
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani’University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Alma Balestrazzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani’University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li BB, Zhang SB, Lv YY, Wei S, Hu YS. Reactive oxygen species-induced protein carbonylation promotes deterioration of physiological activity of wheat seeds. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263553. [PMID: 35358205 PMCID: PMC8970375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the seed aging process, reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce the carbonylation of proteins, which changes their functional properties and affects seed vigor. However, the impact and regulatory mechanisms of protein carbonylation on wheat seed vigor are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the changes in wheat seed vigor, carbonyl protein content, ROS content and embryo cell structure during an artificial aging process, and we analyzed the correlation between protein carbonylation and seed vigor. During the artificial wheat-seed aging process, the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of non-enzyme antioxidants decreased, leading to the accumulation of ROS and an increase in the carbonyl protein content, which ultimately led to a decrease in seed vigor, and there was a significant negative correlation between seed vigor and carbonyl protein content. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy showed that the contents of protein bodies in the embryo cells decreased remarkably. We postulate that during the wheat seed aging process, an imbalance in ROS production and elimination in embryo cells leads to the carbonylation of proteins, which plays a negative role in wheat seed vigor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Bang Li
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuai-Bing Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yang-Yong Lv
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shan Wei
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuan-Sen Hu
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Amoah JN, Seo YW. Effect of progressive drought stress on physio-biochemical responses and gene expression patterns in wheat. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:440. [PMID: 34603917 PMCID: PMC8450207 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to decipher the impact of multiple drought stress on wheat. To that effect, Geumgangmil, PL 337 (1AL.1RS), PL 371 (1BL.1RS), and PL 257 (1DL.1RS) seedlings were subjected to four treatments: G1 (control), G2 (stressed thrice with rewatering), G3 (stressed twice with rewatering), and G4 (single stressful event). The findings provided a comprehensive framework of drought-hardening effect at physiological, biochemical, and gene expression levels of drought-stressed wheat genotypes. The treatments resulted in differentially higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), soluble sugar, and proline accumulation, and reduced relative water content (RWC) in wheat plants. Photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll and carotenoid) levels, the membrane stability index (MSI), and shoot biomass decreased dramatically and differently across genotypes, particularly in G3 and G4 compared to G2. The activity of antioxidant enzymes [ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)] increased with the duration and severity of drought treatment. Furthermore, the relative expression of DREB, LEA, HSP, P5CS, SOD1, CAT1, APX1, RBCL, and CCD1 genes was higher in G2 than in other treatments. Drought hardening increased drought tolerance and adaptability in plants under G2 by enhancing growth and activating defensive mechanisms at the physio-biochemical and molecular levels. The findings of the study indicated that early drought stress exposure-induced acclimation (hardening), which enhanced tolerance to subsequent drought stress in wheat seedlings. The findings of this study will be useful in initiating a breeding program to develop wheat cultivars with improved drought tolerance. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02991-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Noble Amoah
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Weon Seo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lukacova Z, Bokor B, Vavrova S, Soltys K, Vaculik M. Divergence of reactions to arsenic (As) toxicity in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) plants: A lesson from peroxidase involvement. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:126049. [PMID: 34000701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the multiplicity of reactions to toxic metalloid arsenic (As) with specific emphasis on the role of plant peroxidases, a model plant Nicotiana benthamiana was cultivated in in vitro conditions at various doses of As (applied as As5+ up to 80 μM). After 28-day cultivation, several physiological characteristics such as plant growth, photosynthetic pigment concentration, As concentration, peroxidase (POX) expression levels, and POX activity were evaluated. A newly sequenced gene for POX has been identified, that belongs to the Class III plant extracellular peroxidases, and its relationship to the genus Solanum as the most relative species has been confirmed. In the control and selected As treatments (20As, 50As, and 80As), newly identified POX expression and POX activity were continuously detected during the whole cultivation period. The plant reactions to As stress were distinguished into three groups: low As, moderate As, and high As. A tight relationship was found between the photosynthetic pigments and POX expression. Accumulation of As in roots and shoots showed correlations with POX activities. The results showed that the diversity of reactions depends on As dose and time exposure and indicate an interface of peroxidase functional role with other physiological processes in plants suffering from As toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Lukacova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Boris Bokor
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Silvia Vavrova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Soltys
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Vaculik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Janda T, Tajti J, Hamow KÁ, Marček T, Ivanovska B, Szalai G, Pál M, Zalewska ED, Darkó É. Acclimation of photosynthetic processes and metabolic responses to elevated temperatures in cereals. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:217-231. [PMID: 32909668 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to better understand the molecular mechanisms of heat acclimation processes in cereals. A large number of winter and spring wheat, barley and oat varieties were grown under either control conditions (22/20°C) or under a mild heat stress (30°C) that induce the acclimation processes. The temperature dependence of chlorophyll a fluorescence induction and gas exchange parameters showed that heat acclimation increased the thermotolerance of the photosynthetic apparatus, but these changes did not differ sharply in the winter-spring type cereals. Similarly, to wheat, elevated temperature also led to increasing transpiration rate and reduced water use efficiency in barley and oat plants. A non-targeted metabolomic analysis focusing on polar metabolites in two selected barley (winter type Mv Initium and spring type Conchita) and in two oat varieties (winter type Mv Hópehely and spring type Mv Pehely) revealed substantial differences between both the two species and between the acclimated and non-acclimated plants. Several compounds, including sugars, organic acids, amino acids and alcohols could be separated and detected. The expression level of the CYP707, HSP90, galactinol synthase, raffinose synthase and α-galactosidase genes showed genotype-dependent changes after 1 day; however, the CYP707 was the only one, which was still upregulated in at least some of the genotypes. Results suggest that heat acclimation itself does not require general induction of primary metabolites. However, induction of specific routes, e.g. the induction of the raffinose family oligosaccharides, especially the synthesis of galactinol, may also contribute the improved heat tolerance in cereals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Janda
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, H-2462, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Judit Tajti
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, H-2462, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Kamirán Á Hamow
- Institute of Plant Protection, Centre for Agricultural Research, H-2462, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Tihana Marček
- Department of Food and Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Beti Ivanovska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, H-2462, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Szalai
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, H-2462, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Magda Pál
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, H-2462, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Ewa D Zalewska
- Department of Vegetable and Herbs, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Éva Darkó
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, H-2462, Martonvásár, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu L, Petchphankul N, Ueda A, Saneoka H. Differences in Physiological Responses of Two Oat ( Avena nuda L.) Lines to Sodic-Alkalinity in the Vegetative Stage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9091188. [PMID: 32933050 PMCID: PMC7570279 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sodic-alkalinity is a more seriously limiting factor in agricultural productivity than salinity. Oat (Avena nuda) is a salt-tolerant crop species and is therefore useful in studying the physiological responses of cereals to alkalinity. We evaluated the differential effects of sodic-alkalinity on two naked oat lines, Caoyou1 and Yanke1. Seedlings of the two lines were exposed to 50 mM alkaline salt mixture of NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 (18:1 molar ratio; pH 8.5) for 2 weeks in a soil environment. Sodic-alkalinity exposure led the assimilation of abundant Na+ at similar concentrations in the organs of both lines. However, Caoyou1 showed much stronger growth than Yanke1, exhibiting a higher dry weight, total leaf area, and shoot height under sodic-alkalinity. Further analysis showed that Caoyou1 was more sodic-alkalinity tolerance than Yanke1. This was firstly because of differences in the oxidative stress defense mechanisms in leaves of the two lines. Antioxidant enzyme activities were either slightly elevated (catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GP), glutathione reductase (GR)) or unaltered (superoxide dismutase (SOD)) in Caoyou1 leaves, but some enzyme (SOD, GPOX, GR) activities were significantly reduced in Yanke1. AnAPX1 transcript levels significantly increased in Caoyou1 under sodic-alkalinity conditions compared with Yanke1, indicating its better antioxidant capacity. Secondly, the related parameters of Mg2+ concentration, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity, and AnPEPC transcript levels in the leaves showed significantly higher values in Caoyou1 compared with Yanke1. This demonstrated the effective utilization by Caoyou1 of accumulated HCO3- in the irreversible reaction from phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate to produce inorganic phosphorus, which was elevated in Caoyou1 leaves under alkalinity stress. Overall, the results demonstrated that the greater sodic-alkalinity tolerance of Caoyou1 is the result of: (1) maintained antioxidant enzyme activities; and (2) a higher capacity for the phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate reactions, as shown by the higher PEPC activity, Mg2+ concentration, and total phosphorus concentration in its leaves, despite the lower soil pH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Liu
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; (A.U.); (H.S.)
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Nateetorn Petchphankul
- Tropical Agriculture International Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Akihiro Ueda
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; (A.U.); (H.S.)
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Saneoka
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; (A.U.); (H.S.)
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shvachko NА, Khlestkina EK. Molecular genetic bases of seed resistance to oxidative stress during storage. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2020; 24:451-458. [PMID: 33659828 PMCID: PMC7716554 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.47-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation of plant genetic diversity, including economically important crops, is the foundation
for food safety. About 90 % of the world’s crop genetic diversity is stored as seeds in genebanks. During storage
seeds suffer physiological stress consequences, one of which is the accumulation of free radicals, primarily reactive
oxygen species (ROS). An increase in ROS leads to oxidative stress, which negatively affects the quality of
seeds and can lead to a complete loss of their viability. The review summarizes data on biochemical processes
that affect seed longevity. The data on the destructive effect of free radicals towards plant cell macromolecules
are analyzed, and the ways to eliminate excessive ROS in plants, the most important of which is the glutathioneascorbate
pathway, are discussed. The relationship between seed dormancy and seed longevity is examined.
Studying seeds of different plant species revealed a negative correlation between seed dormancy and longevity,
while various authors who researched Arabidopsis seeds reported both positive and negative correlations
between dormancy and seed longevity. A negative correlation between seed dormancy and viability probably
means that seeds are able to adapt to changing environmental conditions. This review provides a summary of
Arabidopsis genes associated with seed viability. By now, a significant number of loci and genes affecting seed
longevity have been identified. This review contains a synopsis of modern studies on the viability of barley
seeds. QTLs associated with barley seed longevity were identified on chromosomes 2H, 5H and 7H. In the QTL
regions studied, the Zeo1, Ale, nud, nadp-me, and HvGR genes were identified. However, there is still no definite
answer as to which genes would serve as markers of seed viability in a certain plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N А Shvachko
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E K Khlestkina
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cheng H, Ma X, Jia S, Li M, Mao P. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the changes of energy production and AsA-GSH cycle in oat embryos during seed ageing. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 153:40-52. [PMID: 32474385 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Deterioration during seed storage generally causes seed vigour declining. However, the mechanism of deterioration occurred still not clear. Seeds and embryos of oat (Avena sativa L.) were selected to analyze the relation of physiological and metabolic reactions with DEGs by using RNA-seq. Oat seed vigour declined during seeds aged 0 day (CK), 16 days (CD16) and 32 days (CD32). The changes of MDA and H2O2 contents, antioxidant enzymes activities of APX, DHAR, MDHAR and GR related with AsA-GSH cycle in embryos illustrated that seed vigour declined to the minimum at CD32. Transcriptomic analysis showed a total of 11335 and 8274 DEGs were identified at CD16 and CD32 compared with CK respectively, of which 4070 were overlapped. When seed vigour declined to the moderate level (CD16), the accumulation of H2O2 caused by the inhibition of complex I in ETC could be alleviated with AsA-GSH cycle. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR results both showed alternative oxidase in alternate respiratory pathway was upregulated which would maintain seed respiration. However, as seed vigour was at the lowest level (CD32), blocked ETC caused by down-regulation of complex III, including Ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase complex 14kD subunit and Ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase, UQCRX/QCR9 like, were more seriously and H2O2 scavenging was limited by the inactive AsA-GSH cycle. It could be suggested that the function of AsA-GSH would play a key role for regulating the physiological responses of ETC in embryos during seed ageing. These results would provide an insight into embryo for the transcriptomic information during oat seed ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Cheng
- Forage Seed Lab, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Science, Beijing Municipality, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiqing Ma
- Forage Seed Lab, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Science, Beijing Municipality, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangang Jia
- Forage Seed Lab, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Science, Beijing Municipality, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Manli Li
- Forage Seed Lab, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Science, Beijing Municipality, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peisheng Mao
- Forage Seed Lab, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Science, Beijing Municipality, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao G, Wang C, Wang Y, Wang L, Xu B, Guo X. Role of Apis cerana cerana N-terminal asparagine amidohydrolase (AccNtan1) in oxidative stress. J Biochem 2020; 168:337-348. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractN-Terminal asparagine amidohydrolase is a component of the ubiquitin-dependent N-end rule pathway of protein degradation that has been implicated in a variety of physiological functions, including the sensing of heme, oxygen, nitric oxide, selective elimination of misfolded proteins and the repair of DNA. We identified the Apis cerana cerana N-terminal asparagine amidohydrolase (AccNtan1) gene from A. cerana cerana and investigated its role in oxidation resistance. Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis revealed that N-terminal asparagine amidohydrolase is highly conserved in insect species. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that the expression levels of AccNtan1 were significantly lower in the wing, honey sac and abdomen than in other tissues and were significantly higher in early stages of development, including the larva, prepupa and pink-eyed pupa stages, than in later stages. We further observed that AccNtan1 expression was induced by several environmental stressors, including aberrant temperature, H2O2, UV, heavy metals and pesticides. Moreover, a bacteriostatic assay suggested that overexpression of AccNtan1 enhances the resistance of bacteria to oxidative stress. In addition, knockdown of AccNtan1 using RNA interference significantly affected the expression levels of most antioxidant genes and the activity levels of several antioxidant enzymes. Thus, we hypothesize that AccNtan1 plays important roles in environmental stress responses and antioxidative processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangdong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No.61, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No.61, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No.61, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Lijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No.61, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No.61, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No.61, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang X, Chen L, Shi Q, Ren Z. SlMYB102, an R2R3-type MYB gene, confers salt tolerance in transgenic tomato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 291:110356. [PMID: 31928668 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Salinity threatens the productivity of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). R2R3-type MYB transcription factors are important regulators in response to environmental stress. Here, we analyzed the function of the tomato R2R3-type MYB gene SlMYB102. A transcriptional activation assay showed that SlMYB102 had transactivation activity in yeast. Promoter analysis showed that multiple stress-related elements were found in the promoter of SlMYB102. Furthermore, SlMYB102 was induced by osmotic stress, particularly by salt stress. The overexpression of SlMYB102 in tomato affected multiple parameters under salinity stress. Under long-term salt stress, the degree of growth inhibition was significantly reduced in the two overexpression (OE) lines. In addition, the two OE lines maintained a better K+/Na+ ratio, lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (O2•- production rate and H2O2 content) and lower electrolytic leakage rates than the wild type (WT). The activity of ROS scavenging enzymes including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, and the accumulation of antioxidants (ascorbic acid and glutathione) and proline was higher in the two OE lines compared with WT. The qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that the transcript abundance of many salt stress-related genes (SlSOS1, SlSOS2, SlNHX3, SlNHX4, SlHAK5, SlCPK1 and SlCPK3) was upregulated in two OE lines under salt stress. Collectively, these results suggest that SlMYB102 participates in tomato tolerance through the regulation of a series of molecular and physiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang- Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai' an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Lichen Chen
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang- Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai' an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Qinghua Shi
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang- Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai' an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Zhonghai Ren
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang- Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai' an, Shandong 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Varghese N, Alyammahi O, Nasreddine S, Alhassani A, Gururani MA. Melatonin Positively Influences the Photosynthetic Machinery and Antioxidant System of Avena sativa during Salinity Stress. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8120610. [PMID: 31888189 PMCID: PMC6963410 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated melatonin protects various crops against abiotic stresses. However, the effects of melatonin on the photosynthetic apparatus of stressed plants is poorly characterized. We investigated the effects of melatonin pretreatment on photosynthesis and tolerance to salinity stress in Avena sativa (oat) plants. Oat plants were exposed to four treatments (three replicate pots per treatment): well-watered (WW; control); watered with 300 mM salt solution for 10 days (NaCl); pretreated with 100 µM melatonin solution for 7 days then watered normally for 10 days (Mel+W); or pretreated with 100 µM melatonin for 7 days then 300 mM salt for 10 days (Mel+NaCl). Considerable differences in growth parameters, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, proline accumulation, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and growth parameters were observed between groups. Genes encoding three major antioxidant enzymes were upregulated in the Mel+NaCl group compared to the other groups. Chlorophyll-a fluorescence kinetic analyses revealed that almost all photosynthetic parameters were improved in Mel+NaCl plants compared to the other treatments. Analysis of genes encoding the major extrinsic proteins of photosystem II (PSII) revealed that PsbA, PsbB, PsbC, and PsbD (but not PsbO) were highly upregulated in Mel+NaCl plants compared to the other groups, indicating melatonin positively influenced photosynthesis under control conditions and salt stress. In addition, melatonin upregulated stress-responsive NAC transcription factor genes in plants exposed to salt stress. These findings suggest melatonin pretreatment improves photosynthesis and enhances salt tolerance in oat plants.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ebone LA, Caverzan A, Chavarria G. Physiologic alterations in orthodox seeds due to deterioration processes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 145:34-42. [PMID: 31665665 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seed deterioration is a partially elucidated phenomenon that happen during the life of the seed. This review describes the processes that lead to seed deterioration, including loss of seed protection capacity against reactive oxygen species (ROS), damage to the plasma membrane, consumption of reserves, and damage to genetic material. A hypothesis of how seed deterioration occurs was also addressed; in this hypothesis, seed deterioration was divided into three phases. The first is the beginning of deterioration, with a slight reduction of vigor caused by the reactions of reducing sugars with antioxidant enzymes and genetic material. In the second, the cell shows oxidative damages, causing lipid peroxidation, which leads to the leaching of solutes, the formation of malondialdehyde, and, consequently, an increase in damages to genetic material. In the third phase, there is cell collapse with mitochondrial membrane deconstruction and a high accumulation of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and reducing sugars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Antônio Ebone
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Agronomy Post-Graduate Program, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Andréia Caverzan
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Agronomy Post-Graduate Program, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Geraldo Chavarria
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Agronomy Post-Graduate Program, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Su X, Xin L, Li Z, Zheng H, Mao J, Yang Q. Physiology and transcriptome analyses reveal a protective effect of the radical scavenger melatonin in aging maize seeds. Free Radic Res 2019; 52:1094-1109. [PMID: 29722273 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1472378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To determine the role of melatonin in aging maize seeds (Zea mays L.), we investigated the physiological characteristics and performance analysis of the transcriptome after applying melatonin to maize seeds as a response to aging. In this study, we demonstrated that applying exogenous melatonin alleviated aging-induced oxidative damage, improved the activity of aging seeds, promoted growth of the germ and radicle, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduced membrane lipid peroxidation. In addition, transcriptome sequencing revealed that various metabolic processes were induced by exogenous melatonin application in aging maize seeds, including hormone signal transduction, cellular processes, carbohydrate metabolism, secondary metabolites, and amino acid metabolism. In summary, the findings provide a more comprehensive understanding for analysing the protective effect of melatonin in aging maize seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Su
- a College of Agronomy , Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Longfei Xin
- a College of Agronomy , Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Zhuo Li
- a College of Agronomy , Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Huifang Zheng
- a College of Agronomy , Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Jun Mao
- a College of Agronomy , Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- a College of Agronomy , Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Su X, Fan X, Shao R, Guo J, Wang Y, Yang J, Yang Q, Guo L. Physiological and iTRAQ-based proteomic analyses reveal that melatonin alleviates oxidative damage in maize leaves exposed to drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 142:263-274. [PMID: 31330393 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
To explain the underlying mechanism of melatonin-mediated drought stress responses in maize, maize pre-treated with or without melatonin was subjected to 20% PEG nutrient solution to induce drought stress. We found that exogenous melatonin significantly improved drought tolerance, demonstrated by improved photosynthesis, reduced ROS accumulation, enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), and increased content of glutathione (GSH). Comparative iTRAQ proteomic analyses revealed a higher abundance of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in melatonin-treated maize under drought stress for carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, photosynthesis, biosynthesis of amino acids, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, compared to untreated plants. Changes in the above molecular mechanisms could explain the melatonin-induced physiological effects associated with drought tolerance. In summary, this study provides a more integrated picture about the effects of melatonin on the physiological and molecular mechanisms in maize seedlings responding to drought stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaocong Fan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ruixin Shao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jiameng Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yongchao Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Lin Guo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kurek K, Plitta-Michalak B, Ratajczak E. Reactive Oxygen Species as Potential Drivers of the Seed Aging Process. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E174. [PMID: 31207940 PMCID: PMC6630744 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Seeds are an important life cycle stage because they guarantee plant survival in unfavorable environmental conditions and the transfer of genetic information from parents to offspring. However, similar to every organ, seeds undergo aging processes that limit their viability and ultimately cause the loss of their basic property, i.e., the ability to germinate. Seed aging is a vital economic and scientific issue that is related to seed resistance to an array of factors, both internal (genetic, structural, and physiological) and external (mainly storage conditions: temperature and humidity). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are believed to initiate seed aging via the degradation of cell membrane phospholipids and the structural and functional deterioration of proteins and genetic material. Researchers investigating seed aging claim that the effective protection of genetic resources requires an understanding of the reasons for senescence of seeds with variable sensitivity to drying and long-term storage. Genomic integrity considerably affects seed viability and vigor. The deterioration of nucleic acids inhibits transcription and translation and exacerbates reductions in the activity of antioxidant system enzymes. All of these factors significantly limit seed viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kurek
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland.
| | | | - Ewelina Ratajczak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mao R, Li W, He Z, Bai Z, Xia P, Liang Z, Liu Y. Physiological, transcriptional, and metabolic alterations in spaceflight-subjected Senna obtusifolia. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:33-43. [PMID: 30878836 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Senna obtusifolia is a widely used medicinal herb in Asian countries. To select elite cultivars, S. obtusifolia seeds were carried by "ShenZhou Ⅷ" recoverable satellite to space. Three spaceflight-subjected lines (SP-lines), namely QC10, QC29, QC46, and their ground control line (GC-line) were cultivated on the ground. Previous studies demonstrated that biological traits and secondary metabolites are different between SP-lines and GC-line. Here, we combined physiological, transcriptional, and metabolic studies to compare the differences between SP-lines and GC-line. The results showed that activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) were dramatically increased in SP-lines as compared to that of GC-line. Transcript levels of SOD, POD, CAT, APX, and MDHAR were significantly up-regulated in SP-lines. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents decreased in SP-lines. Seed yields of QC29 and QC46 were considerably higher than that of GC-line. Besides, QC29 had significantly higher aurantio-obtusin content. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis revealed positive relationships between POD and aurantio-obtusin, as well as APX and aurantio-obtusin. In conclusion, SP-lines have higher antioxidant gene expression level and antioxidant enzyme activity as compared to that of GC-line. With higher seed yield and aurantio-obtusin content, QC29 can be used to breed elite S. obtusifolia cultivars. This study provides a new insight in SP-lines and paves the way to breed elite S. obtusifolia cultivars in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renjun Mao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenrui Li
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhigui He
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenqing Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengguo Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Tianjin Tasly Modern TCM Resources Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 300400, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liang Y, Li X, Zhang D, Gao B, Yang H, Wang Y, Guan K, Wood AJ. ScDREB8, a novel A-5 type of DREB gene in the desert moss Syntrichia caninervis, confers salt tolerance to Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 120:242-251. [PMID: 29073539 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a major limitation factor for crop productivity worldwide. DREB transcription factors broadly participate in plant stress response and have been extensively identified in a wide variety of plants. In this study, we characterized and analyzed the function of a novel A-5 type DREB gene ScDREB8 from the desiccation tolerant moss Syntrichia caninervis. Yeast one-hybrid experiment showed that ScDREB8 had no transactivation activity. Transient expression assay in onion epidermal cells revealed that ScDREB8 is distributed throughout the cell with no apparent specificity. Overexpression of ScDREB8 significantly increased the germination rate of Arabidopsis under salt stress and improved the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis at the seedling stage by up-regulating the expression of downstream stress-related genes and improving ROS scavenging ability. ScDREB8 is a promising candidate gene for improving crop salt stress and will provide greater insight to the molecular mechanism of stress tolerance of A-5 type DREB proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Daoyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Bei Gao
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Honglan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Kaiyun Guan
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Andrew J Wood
- Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6899, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Min CW, Lee SH, Cheon YE, Han WY, Ko JM, Kang HW, Kim YC, Agrawal GK, Rakwal R, Gupta R, Kim ST. In-depth proteomic analysis of Glycine max seeds during controlled deterioration treatment reveals a shift in seed metabolism. J Proteomics 2017; 169:125-135. [PMID: 28669816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Seed aging is one of the major events, affecting the overall quality of agricultural seeds. To analyze the effect of seed aging, soybean seeds were exposed to controlled deterioration treatment (CDT) for 3 and 7days, followed by their physiological, biochemical, and proteomic analyses. Seed proteins were subjected to protamine sulfate precipitation for the enrichment of low-abundance proteins and utilized for proteome analysis. A total of 14 differential proteins were identified on 2-DE, whereas label-free quantification resulted in the identification of 1626 non-redundant proteins. Of these identified proteins, 146 showed significant changes in protein abundance, where 5 and 141 had increased and decreased abundances, respectively while 352 proteins were completely degraded during CDT. Gene ontology and KEGG analyses suggested the association of differential proteins with primary metabolism, ROS detoxification, translation elongation and initiation, protein folding, and proteolysis, where most, if not all, had decreased abundance during CDT. Western blotting confirmed reduced level of antioxidant enzymes (DHAR, APx1, MDAR, and SOD) upon CDT. This in-depth integrated study reveals a major downshift in seed metabolism upon CDT. Reported data here serve as a resource for its exploitation to metabolic engineering of seeds for multiple purposes, including increased seed viability, vigor, and quality. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Controlled deterioration treatment (CDT) is one of the major events that negatively affects the quality and nutrient composition of agricultural seeds. However, the molecular mechanism of CDT is largely unknown. A combination of gel-based and gel-free proteomic approach was utilized to investigate the effects of CDT in soybean seeds. Moreover, we utilized protamine sulfate precipitation method for enrichment of low-abundance proteins, which are generally masked due to the presence of high-abundance seed storage proteins. Reported data here serve as resource for its exploitation to metabolic engineering of seeds for multiple purposes, including increased seed viability, vigor, and quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Woo Min
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Lee
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Eun Cheon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Young Han
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang 627-803, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Ko
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang 627-803, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang Won Kang
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang 627-803, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chul Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea; National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang 627-803, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh Kumar Agrawal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), GPO 13265, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal; GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Private Limited, Adarsh Nagar-13, Birgunj 44300, Nepal
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), GPO 13265, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal; GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Private Limited, Adarsh Nagar-13, Birgunj 44300, Nepal; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Min CW, Lee SH, Cheon YE, Han WY, Ko JM, Kang HW, Kim YC, Agrawal GK, Rakwal R, Gupta R, Kim ST. In-depth proteomic analysis of Glycine max seeds during controlled deterioration treatment reveals a shift in seed metabolism. J Proteomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.06.022 pmid: 28669816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
34
|
Lv YY, He XQ, Hu XW, Wang YR. The Seed Semipermeable Layer and Its Relation to Seed Quality Assessment in Four Grass Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1175. [PMID: 28725236 PMCID: PMC5495857 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The existence of a semipermeable layer in grass seeds has been extensively reported, yet knowledge of its influence on tests for seed viability and vigor that depend upon measurement of electrical conductivity (EC) is limited. This study determined the presence and location of the semipermeable layer, and its relation to seed viability and vigor assessment, in seeds of four important grass species-Elymus nutans Griseb., Lolium perenne L., Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel., and Avena sativa L. Intact seeds of E. nutans, Lolium perenne, and Leymus chinensis exhibited little staining with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC), and there were no differences in EC between seeds with different germination percentage (GP) (P > 0.05). After piercing the seed coat, however, all three species displayed positive staining with TTC, along with a significant negative correlation between EC and GP (E. nutans: R2 = 0.7708; Lolium perenne: R2= 0.8414; Leymus chinensis: R2 = 0.859; P < 0.01). In contrast, both intact and pierced seeds of A. sativa possessed a permeable seed coat that showed positive staining with TTC and EC values that were significantly negatively correlated with GP [R2 = 0.9071 (intact) and 0.9597 (pierced); P < 0.01]. In commercial seed lots of A. sativa, a field emergence test indicated that EC showed a significant negative correlation with field emergence at two sowing dates (R2= 0.6069, P < 0.01 and 0.5316, P < 0.05). Analysis of seed coat permeability revealed the presence of a semipermeable layer located in the seed coat adjacent to the endosperm in E. nutans, Lolium perenne, and Leymus chinensis; however, no semipermeable layer was observed in A. sativa. This is the first report of the absence of a semipermeable layer in a grass species. The existence of a semipermeable layer is one of the most important factors affecting seed viability and vigor testing (based on EC measurement) in E. nutans, Lolium perenne, and Leymus chinensis. Increasing the permeability of the semipermeable layer, e.g., by piercing the seed coat, may permit the use of EC measurement to assess seed vigor in species that possess such a layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Y. Lv
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Xue Q. He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Xiao W. Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Yan R. Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wu X, Ning F, Hu X, Wang W. Genetic Modification for Improving Seed Vigor Is Transitioning from Model Plants to Crop Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:8. [PMID: 28149305 PMCID: PMC5241287 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Although seed vigor is a complex physiological trait controlled by quantitative trait loci, technological advances in the laboratory are being translated into applications for enhancing seed vigor in crop plants. In this article, we summarize and discuss pioneering work in the genetic modification of seed vigor, especially through the over-expression of protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT, EC 2.1.1.77) in seeds. The impressive success in improving rice seed vigor through the over-expression of PIMT provides a valuable reference for engineering high-vigor seeds for crop production. In recent decades, numerous genes/proteins associated with seed vigor have been identified. It is hoped that such potential candidates may be used in the development of genetically edited crops for a high and stable yield potential in crop production. This possibility is very valuable in the context of a changing climate and increasing world population.
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen L, Chen Q, Kong L, Xia F, Yan H, Zhu Y, Mao P. Proteomic and Physiological Analysis of the Response of Oat (Avena sativa) Seeds to Heat Stress under Different Moisture Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:896. [PMID: 27446126 PMCID: PMC4916207 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Seeds lose their viability when they are exposed to high temperature and moisture content (MC) during storage. The expression and metabolism of proteins plays a critical role in seed resistance to heat stress. However, the proteome response to heat stress in oat (Avena sativa) seeds during storage has not been revealed. To understand mechanisms of heat stress acclimation and tolerance in oat seeds, an integrated physiological and comparative proteomic analysis was performed on oat seeds with different MC during heat stress. Oat seeds with 10% and 16% MC were subjected to high temperatures (35, 45, and 50°C) for 24 and 2 days, respectively, and changes in physiological and biochemical characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that seed vigor decreased significantly with temperature increase from 35 to 50°C. Also, the proline content in 10% MC seeds decreased significantly (p < 0.05) whereas that in 16% MC seeds increased significantly (p < 0.05) during heat treatment from 35 to 50°C. There were no significant differences in malondialdehyde content in 10% MC seeds with temperature from 35 to 50°C, but a significant (p < 0.05) decline occurred in 16% MC seeds at 45°C. Proteome analysis revealed 21 significantly different proteins, including 19 down-regulated and two up-regulated proteins. The down-regulated proteins, notably six heat shock proteins and two ATP synthases, have important roles in the mobilization of carbohydrates and energy, and in the balance between synthesis and degradation of other proteins during seed deterioration. The up-regulation of argininosuccinate synthase participated in proline biosynthesis at 16% MC, which is important for maintaining reactive oxygen species homeostasis for the resistance of heat stress. In summary, heat-responsive protein species and mitochondrial respiratory metabolism were sensitive to high temperature and MC treatment. These studies provide a new insight into acclimation and tolerance to heat stress in oat seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, Forage Seed Lab, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Chifeng Academy of Agricultural and Animal SciencesChifeng, China
| | - Quanzhu Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, Forage Seed Lab, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Chengdu Municipal Development and Reform CommissionChengdu, China
| | - Lingqi Kong
- Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural ScienceHohhot, China
| | - Fangshan Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, Forage Seed Lab, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Huifang Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, Forage Seed Lab, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yanqiao Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, Forage Seed Lab, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Peisheng Mao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, Forage Seed Lab, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wojtyla Ł, Lechowska K, Kubala S, Garnczarska M. Different Modes of Hydrogen Peroxide Action During Seed Germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:66. [PMID: 26870076 PMCID: PMC4740362 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide was initially recognized as a toxic molecule that causes damage at different levels of cell organization and thus losses in cell viability. From the 1990s, the role of hydrogen peroxide as a signaling molecule in plants has also been discussed. The beneficial role of H2O2 as a central hub integrating signaling network in response to biotic and abiotic stress and during developmental processes is now well established. Seed germination is the most pivotal phase of the plant life cycle, affecting plant growth and productivity. The function of hydrogen peroxide in seed germination and seed aging has been illustrated in numerous studies; however, the exact role of this molecule remains unknown. This review evaluates evidence that shows that H2O2 functions as a signaling molecule in seed physiology in accordance with the known biology and biochemistry of H2O2. The importance of crosstalk between hydrogen peroxide and a number of signaling molecules, including plant phytohormones such as abscisic acid, gibberellins, and ethylene, and reactive molecules such as nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide acting on cell communication and signaling during seed germination, is highlighted. The current study also focuses on the detrimental effects of H2O2 on seed biology, i.e., seed aging that leads to a loss of germination efficiency. The dual nature of hydrogen peroxide as a toxic molecule on one hand and as a signal molecule on the other is made possible through the precise spatial and temporal control of its production and degradation. Levels of hydrogen peroxide in germinating seeds and young seedlings can be modulated via pre-sowing seed priming/conditioning. This rather simple method is shown to be a valuable tool for improving seed quality and for enhancing seed stress tolerance during post-priming germination. In this review, we outline how seed priming/conditioning affects the integrative role of hydrogen peroxide in seed germination and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Wojtyla
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznanPoznan, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|