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Hicks E, Rogers NMK, Hendren CO, Kuehn MJ, Wiesner MR. Extracellular Vesicles and Bacteriophages: New Directions in Environmental Biocolloid Research. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16728-16742. [PMID: 37898880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
There is a long-standing appreciation among environmental engineers and scientists regarding the importance of biologically derived colloidal particles and their environmental fate. This interest has been recently renewed in considering bacteriophages and extracellular vesicles, which are each poised to offer engineers unique insights into fundamental aspects of environmental microbiology and novel approaches for engineering applications, including advances in wastewater treatment and sustainable agricultural practices. Challenges persist due to our limited understanding of interactions between these nanoscale particles with unique surface properties and their local environments. This review considers these biological particles through the lens of colloid science with attention given to their environmental impact and surface properties. We discuss methods developed for the study of inert (nonbiological) particle-particle interactions and the potential to use these to advance our understanding of the environmental fate and transport of extracellular vesicles and bacteriophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Hicks
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nicholas M K Rogers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Porter School of Earth and Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Christine Ogilvie Hendren
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Research Institute for Environment, Energy and Economics, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28608, United States
| | - Meta J Kuehn
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Mark R Wiesner
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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2
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Fernandes C, Casadevall A, Gonçalves T. Mechanisms of Alternaria pathogenesis in animals and plants. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad061. [PMID: 37884396 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternaria species are cosmopolitan fungi darkly pigmented by melanin that infect numerous plant species causing economically important agricultural spoilage of various food crops. Alternaria spp. also infect animals, being described as entomopathogenic fungi but also infecting warm-blooded animals, including humans. Their clinical importance in human health, as infection agents, lay in the growing number of immunocompromised patients. Moreover, Alternaria spp. are considered some of the most abundant and potent sources of airborne sensitizer allergens causing allergic respiratory diseases, as severe asthma. Among the numerous strategies deployed by Alternaria spp. to attack their hosts, the production of toxins, carrying critical concerns to public health as food contaminant, and the production of hydrolytic enzymes such as proteases, can be highlighted. Alternaria proteases also trigger allergic symptoms in individuals with fungal sensitization, acting as allergens and facilitating antigen access to the host subepithelium. Here, we review the current knowledge about the mechanisms of Alternaria pathogenesis in plants and animals, the strategies used by Alternaria to cope with the host defenses, and the involvement Alternaria allergens and mechanisms of sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Fernandes
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Wolfe Street, Room E5132, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Teresa Gonçalves
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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3
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Andika IB, Tian M, Bian R, Cao X, Luo M, Kondo H, Sun L. Cross-Kingdom Interactions Between Plant and Fungal Viruses. Annu Rev Virol 2023; 10:119-138. [PMID: 37406341 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-111821-122539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The large genetic and structural divergences between plants and fungi may hinder the transmission of viruses between these two kingdoms to some extent. However, recent accumulating evidence from virus phylogenetic analyses and the discovery of naturally occurring virus cross-infection suggest the occurrence of past and current transmissions of viruses between plants and plant-associated fungi. Moreover, artificial virus inoculation experiments showed that diverse plant viruses can multiply in fungi and vice versa. Thus, virus cross-infection between plants and fungi may play an important role in the spread, emergence, and evolution of both plant and fungal viruses and facilitate the interaction between them. In this review, we summarize current knowledge related to cross-kingdom virus infection in plants and fungi and further discuss the relevance of this new virological topic in the context of understanding virus spread and transmission in nature as well as developing control strategies for crop plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Bagus Andika
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China;
| | - Mengyuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China;
| | - Ruiling Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China;
| | - Xinran Cao
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China;
| | - Ming Luo
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan;
| | - Liying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China;
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan;
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4
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Stuer N, Van Damme P, Goormachtig S, Van Dingenen J. Seeking the interspecies crosswalk for filamentous microbe effectors. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:1045-1059. [PMID: 37062674 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Both pathogenic and symbiotic microorganisms modulate the immune response and physiology of their host to establish a suitable niche. Key players in mediating colonization outcome are microbial effector proteins that act either inside (cytoplasmic) or outside (apoplastic) the plant cells and modify the abundance or activity of host macromolecules. We compile novel insights into the much-disputed processes of effector secretion and translocation of filamentous organisms, namely fungi and oomycetes. We report how recent studies that focus on unconventional secretion and effector structure challenge the long-standing image of effectors as conventionally secreted proteins that are translocated with the aid of primary amino acid sequence motifs. Furthermore, we emphasize the potential of diverse, unbiased, state-of-the-art proteomics approaches in the holistic characterization of fungal and oomycete effectomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Stuer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petra Van Damme
- iRIP Unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Judith Van Dingenen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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5
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Rogers NMK, McCumber AW, McMillan HM, McNamara RP, Dittmer DP, Kuehn MJ, Hendren CO, Wiesner MR. Comparative electrokinetic properties of extracellular vesicles produced by yeast and bacteria. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 225:113249. [PMID: 36905832 PMCID: PMC10085849 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, biocolloidal proteoliposomes that have been shown to be produced by all cell types studied to date and are ubiquitous in the environment. Extensive literature on colloidal particles has demonstrated the implications of surface chemistry on transport behavior. Hence, one may anticipate that physicochemical properties of EVs, particularly surface charge-associated properties, may influence EV transport and specificity of interactions with surfaces. Here we compare the surface chemistry of EVs as expressed by zeta potential (calculated from electrophoretic mobility measurements). The zeta potentials of EVs produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were largely unaffected by changes in ionic strength and electrolyte type, but were affected by changes in pH. The addition of humic acid altered the calculated zeta potential of the EVs, especially for those from S. cerevisiae. Differences in zeta potential were compared between EVs and their respective parent cell with no consistent trend emerging; however, significant differences were discovered between the different cell types and their EVs. These findings imply that, while EV surface charge (as estimated from zeta potential) is relatively insensitive to the evaluated environmental conditions, EVs from different organisms can differ regarding which conditions will cause colloidal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M K Rogers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Porter School of Earth and Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Alexander W McCumber
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hannah M McMillan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ryan P McNamara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dirk P Dittmer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Meta J Kuehn
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christine Ogilvie Hendren
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA; Research Institute for Environment, Energy and Economics, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Mark R Wiesner
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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6
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Medina-Castellanos E, Salgado-Bautista DA, Martínez-Andrade JM, Cadena-Nava RD, Riquelme M. Nanosized extracellular vesicles released by Neurospora crassa hyphae. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 165:103778. [PMID: 36690295 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized structures containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, released by living cells to the surrounding medium. EVs participate in diverse processes, such as intercellular communication, virulence, and disease. In pathogenic fungi, EVs carry enzymes that allow them to invade the host or undergo environmental adaptation successfully. In Neurospora crassa, a non-pathogenic filamentous fungus widely used as a model organism, the vesicle-dependent secretory mechanisms that lead to polarized growth are well studied. In contrast, biosynthesis of EVs in this fungus has been practically unexplored. In the present work, we analyzed N. crassa culture's supernatant for the presence of EVs by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and proteomic analysis. We identified spherical membranous structures, with a predominant subpopulation averaging a hydrodynamic diameter (dh) of 68 nm and a particle diameter (dp) of 38 nm. EV samples stained with osmium tetroxide vapors were better resolved than those stained with uranyl acetate. Mass spectrometry analysis identified 252 proteins, including enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolic processes, oxidative stress response, cell wall organization/remodeling, and circadian clock-regulated proteins. Some of these proteins have been previously reported in exosomes from human cells or in EVs of other fungi. In view of the results, it is suggested a putative role for EVs in cell wall biosynthesis and vegetative development in N. crassa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Medina-Castellanos
- Department of Microbiology, Centro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Daniel A Salgado-Bautista
- Department of Microbiology, Centro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Juan M Martínez-Andrade
- Department of Microbiology, Centro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Ruben Dario Cadena-Nava
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Meritxell Riquelme
- Department of Microbiology, Centro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Mexico.
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7
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Jackson KK, Mata C, Marcus RK. A rapid capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fiber spin-down tip approach for the isolation of plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) from 20 common fruit and vegetable sources. Talanta 2023; 252:123779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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8
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Yom-Tov N, Guy R, Offen D. Extracellular vesicles over adeno-associated viruses: Advantages and limitations as drug delivery platforms in precision medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 190:114535. [PMID: 36210573 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-specific uptake and sufficient biodistribution are central goals in drug development. Crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a major challenge in delivering therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS). Since its discovery in the late 19th century, considerable efforts have been invested in an attempt to decipher the BBB structure complexity and plasticity. In parallel, another prevalent approach is to improve a delivery system by harnessing the biological machinery in an attempt to enhance therapeutic-agent permeability. Here, we review the advantages and limitations of using extracellular vesicles over AAV systems as a delivery system for therapy, focusing on neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Yom-Tov
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Reut Guy
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Daniel Offen
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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9
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Yang ZK, Huang XL, Peng L. Transcriptome analysis reveals gene expression changes of the basidiomycetous yeast Apiotrichum mycotoxinivorans in response to ochratoxin A exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 246:114146. [PMID: 36215880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most common and deleterious mycotoxins found in food and feedstuffs worldwide; however, Apiotrichum mycotoxinivorans can detoxify OTA. Our results show that A. mycotoxinivorans GUM1709 efficiently degraded OTA, but it caused the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. The main aim of this study was to identify potential OTA-detoxifying enzymes and to explore the effects of OTA on A. mycotoxinivorans GMU1709. RNA-seq data revealed that 1643 and 1980 genes were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively, after OTA exposure. Functional enrichment analyses indicated that OTA exposure enhanced defense capability, protein transport, endocytosis, and energy metabolism; caused ribosomal stress; suppressed DNA replication and transcription; inhibited cell growth and division; and promoted cell death. The integration of secretome, gene expression, and molecular docking analyses revealed that two carboxypeptidase homologues (members of the metallocarboxypeptidase family) were most likely responsible for the detoxification of both extracellular and intracellular OTA. Superoxide dismutase and catalase were the main genes activated in response to oxidative stress. In addition, analysis of key genes associated with cell division and apoptosis showed that OTA exposure inhibited mitosis and promoted cell death. This study revealed the possible OTA response and detoxification mechanisms in A. mycotoxinivorans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Kai Yang
- Innovation centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xue-Ling Huang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Srivastava A, Rathore S, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Organically derived exosomes as carriers of anticancer drugs and imaging agents for cancer treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:80-100. [PMID: 35192929 PMCID: PMC9388703 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), is the umbrella term used for different types of vesicles produced by the cells, among which exosomes form the largest group. Exosomes perform intercellular communication by carrying several biologics from donor or parental cells and delivering them to recipient cells. Their unique cargo-carrying capacity has recently been explored for use as delivery vehicles of anticancer drugs and imaging agents. Being naturally produced, exosomes have many advantages over synthetic lipid-based nanoparticles currently being used clinically to treat cancer and other diseases. The finding of the role of exosomes in human diseases has led to numerous preclinical and clinical studies exploring their use as an amenable drug delivery vehicle and a theranostic in cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, there are certain limitations associated with exosomes, with the most important being the selection of the biological source for producing highly biocompatible exosomes on a large scale. This review article explores the various sources from which therapeutically viable exosomes can be isolated for use as drug carriers for cancer treatment. The methods of exosome isolation and the process of loading them with cancer therapeutics and imaging agents are also discussed in the follow-up sections. Finally, the article concludes with future directions for exosome-based applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Shipra Rathore
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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11
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Cui Y, Zhou Y, Gan N, Xiang Q, Xia M, Liao W, Zheng XL, Peng J, Tang Z. The Role of Extracellular Non-coding RNAs in Atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:477-491. [PMID: 35233720 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a complex chronic inflammatory disease that leads to myocardial infarction, stroke, and disabling peripheral artery disease. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) directly participate in various physiological processes and exhibit a wide range of biological functions. The present review discusses how different ncRNAs participate in the process of AS in various carrier forms. We focused on the role and potential mechanisms of extracellular ncRNAs in AS and examined their potential implications for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Cui
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province School of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yating Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province School of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Ni Gan
- Hengyang Medical School, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qiong Xiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province School of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Mengdie Xia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province School of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province School of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Juan Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province School of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhihan Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province School of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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12
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Elaboration of a Phytoremediation Strategy for Successful and Sustainable Rehabilitation of Disturbed and Degraded Land. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Humans are dependent upon soil which supplies food, fuel, chemicals, medicine, sequesters pollutants, purifies and conveys water, and supports the built environment. In short, we need soil, but it has little or no need of us. Agriculture, mining, urbanization and other human activities result in temporary land-use and once complete, used and degraded land should be rehabilitated and restored to minimize loss of soil carbon. It is generally accepted that the most effective strategy is phyto-remediation. Typically, phytoremediation involves re-invigoration of soil fertility, physicochemical properties, and its microbiome to facilitate establishment of appropriate climax cover vegetation. A myco-phytoremediation technology called Fungcoal was developed in South Africa to achieve these outcomes for land disturbed by coal mining. Here we outline the contemporary and expanded rationale that underpins Fungcoal, which relies on in situ bio-conversion of carbonaceous waste coal or discard, in order to explore the probable origin of humic substances (HS) and soil organic matter (SOM). To achieve this, microbial processing of low-grade coal and discard, including bio-liquefaction and bio-conversion, is examined in some detail. The significance, origin, structure, and mode of action of coal-derived humics are recounted to emphasize the dynamic equilibrium, that is, humification and the derivation of soil organic matter (SOM). The contribution of plant exudate, extracellular vesicles (EV), extra polymeric substances (EPS), and other small molecules as components of the dynamic equilibrium that sustains SOM is highlighted. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), saprophytic ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are considered essential microbial biocatalysts that provide mutualistic support to sustain plant growth following soil reclamation and restoration. Finally, we posit that de novo synthesis of SOM is by specialized microbial consortia (or ‘humifiers’) which use molecular components from the root metabolome; and, that combinations of functional biocatalyst act to re-establish and maintain the soil dynamic. It is concluded that a bio-scaffold is necessary for functional phytoremediation including maintenance of the SOM dynamic and overall biogeochemistry of organic carbon in the global ecosystem
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Askenase PW. Exosomes provide unappreciated carrier effects that assist transfers of their miRNAs to targeted cells; I. They are 'The Elephant in the Room'. RNA Biol 2021; 18:2038-2053. [PMID: 33944671 PMCID: PMC8582996 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1885189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV), such as exosomes, are emerging biologic entities that mediate important newly recognized functional effects. Exosomes are intracellular endosome-originating, cell-secreted, small nano-size EV. They can transfer cargo molecules like miRNAs to act intracellularly in targeted acceptor cells, to then mediate epigenetic functional alterations. Exosomes among EV, are universal nanoparticles of life that are present across all species. Some critics mistakenly hold exosomes to concepts and standards of cells, whereas they are subcellular nanospheres that are a million times smaller, have neither nuclei nor mitochondria, are far less complex and currently cannot be studied deeply and elegantly by many and diverse technologies developed for cells over many years. There are important concerns about the seeming impossibility of biologically significant exosome transfers of very small amounts of miRNAs resulting in altered targeted cell functions. These hesitations are based on current canonical concepts developed for non-physiological application of miRNAs alone, or artificial non-quantitative genetic expression. Not considered is that the natural physiologic intercellular transit via exosomes can contribute numerous augmenting carrier effects to functional miRNA transfers. Some of these are particularly stimulated complex extracellular and intracellular physiologic processes activated in the exosome acceptor cells that can crucially influence the intracellular effects of the transferred miRNAs. These can lead to molecular chemical changes altering DNA expression for mediating functional changes of the targeted cells. Such exosome mediated molecular transfers of epigenetic functional alterations, are the most exciting and life-altering property that these nano EV bring to virtually all of biology and medicine. .Abbreviations: Ab, Antibody Ag Antigen; APC, Antigen presenting cells; CS, contact sensitivity; DC, Dendritic cells; DTH, Delayed-type hypersensitivity; EV, extracellular vesicles; EV, Extracellular vesicle; FLC, Free light chains of antibodies; GI, gastrointestinal; IP, Intraperitoneal administration; IV, intravenous administration; OMV, Outer membrane vesicles released by bacteria; PE, Phos-phatidylethanolamine; PO, oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip W. Askenase
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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14
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Jamiu AT, Albertyn J, Sebolai O, Gcilitshana O, Pohl CH. Inhibitory effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids alone or in combination with fluconazole on Candida krusei biofilms in vitro and in Caenorhabditis elegans. Med Mycol 2021; 59:1225-1237. [PMID: 34558629 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of infections by non-albicans Candida species, including Candida krusei, is increasing. Candida krusei exhibits intrinsic resistance to fluconazole and rapidly develops acquired resistance to other antifungals. Moreover, this yeast can form biofilm with increased resistance. Hence, there is a need to develop novel therapeutic strategies to combat infections caused by this pathogen. One such approach is through combination therapy with natural compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). This study aims to investigate the effect of PUFAs on fluconazole susceptibility of C. krusei biofilms, as well as the conserved nature of these effects in the Caenorhabditis elegans infection model. C. krusei biofilms were exposed to various fatty acids as well as combinations of fluconazole and linoleic acid (LA) or gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). The effect of these treatments on biofilm formation, cell ultrastructure, membrane integrity, oxidative stress and efflux pump activity was evaluated. In addition, the ability of the PUFAs to prolong survival and reduce the fungal burden of infected C. elegans, in the absence and presence of fluconazole, was assessed. Two P|UFAs, LA and GLA had he displayed significant inhibition of C. krusei biofilms and both of them increased the susceptibility of C. krusei biofilm to fluconazole in vitro via induction of oxidative stress, cell membrane damage, and disruption of efflux pump activity. These PUFAs also extended the lifespan of infected nematodes and displayed a potentiating effect with fluconazole in this model. This may pave the way for future studies into novel antifungal drug targets and treatment options. LAY ABSTRACT The pathogenic yeast, Candida krusei, is naturally resistant to the antifungal drug, fluconazole. This study finds that polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic and gamma-linolenic acid, can inhibit C. krusei and overcome this resistance of in vitro biofilms, as well as in a nematode infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi Temitope Jamiu
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jacobus Albertyn
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Olihile Sebolai
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Onele Gcilitshana
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Carolina H Pohl
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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15
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Structural Features of a Full-Length Ubiquitin Ligase Responsible for the Formation of Patches at the Plasma Membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179455. [PMID: 34502365 PMCID: PMC8431560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant U-box armadillo repeat (PUB-ARM) ubiquitin (Ub) ligases have important functions in plant defense through the ubiquitination of target proteins. Defense against pathogens involves vesicle trafficking and the formation of extracellular vesicles. The PUB-ARM protein SENESCENCE ASSOCIATED UBIQUITIN E3 LIGASE1 (SAUL1) can form patches at the plasma membrane related to tethering multi-vesicular bodies (MVBs) to the plasma membrane. We uncovered the structure of a full-length plant ubiquitin ligase and the structural requirements of SAUL1, which are crucial for its function in patch formation. We resolved the structure of SAUL1 monomers by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The SAUL1 model showed that SAUL1 consists of two domains: a domain containing the N-terminal U-box and armadillo (ARM) repeats and the C-terminal ARM repeat domain, which includes a positively charged groove. We showed that all C-terminal ARM repeats are essential for patch formation and that this function requires arginine residue at position 736. By applying SAXS to polydisperse SAUL1 systems, the oligomerization of SAUL1 is detectable, with SAUL1 tetramers being the most prominent oligomers at higher concentrations. The oligomerization domain consists of the N-terminal U-box and some N-terminal ARM repeats. Deleting the U-box resulted in the promotion of the SAUL1 tethering function. Our findings indicate that structural changes in SAUL1 may be fundamental to its function in forming patches at the plasma membrane.
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16
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Logozzi M, Di Raimo R, Mizzoni D, Fais S. Nanovesicles from Organic Agriculture-Derived Fruits and Vegetables: Characterization and Functional Antioxidant Content. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158170. [PMID: 34360936 PMCID: PMC8347793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary consumption of fruits and vegetables is related to a risk reduction in a series of leading human diseases, probably due to the plants' antioxidant content. Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) have been recently receiving great attention regarding their natural ability to deliver several active biomolecules and antioxidants. To investigate the presence of active antioxidants in fruits, we preliminarily analyzed the differences between nanovesicles from either organic or conventional agriculture-derived fruits, at equal volumes, showing a higher yield of nanovesicles with a smaller size from organic agriculture-derived fruits as compared to conventional ones. PDNVs from organic agriculture also showed a higher antioxidant level compared to nanovesicles from conventional agriculture. Using the PDNVs from fruit mixes, we found comparable levels of Total Antioxidant Capacity, Ascorbic Acid, Catalase, Glutathione and Superoxide Dismutase 1. Finally, we exposed the nanovesicle mixes to either chemical or physical lytic treatments, with no evidence of effects on the number, size and antioxidant capacity of the treated nanovesicles, thus showing a marked resistance of PDNVs to external stimuli and a high capability to preserve their content. Our study provides for the first time a series of data supporting the use of plant-derived nanovesicles in human beings' daily supplementation, for both prevention and treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariantonia Logozzi
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (S.F.); Tel.: +39-064-9902-436 (M.L.); +39-064-9903-195 (S.F.); Fax: +39-064-9902-436 (M.L. & S.F.)
| | | | | | - Stefano Fais
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (S.F.); Tel.: +39-064-9902-436 (M.L.); +39-064-9903-195 (S.F.); Fax: +39-064-9902-436 (M.L. & S.F.)
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17
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Extracellular Vesicles in the Fungi Kingdom. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137221. [PMID: 34281276 PMCID: PMC8269022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous, rounded vesicles released by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in their normal and pathophysiological states. These vesicles form a network of intercellular communication as they can transfer cell- and function-specific information (lipids, proteins and nucleic acids) to different cells and thus alter their function. Fungi are not an exception; they also release EVs to the extracellular space. The vesicles can also be retained in the periplasm as periplasmic vesicles (PVs) and the cell wall. Such fungal vesicles play various specific roles in the lives of these organisms. They are involved in creating wall architecture and maintaining its integrity, supporting cell isolation and defence against the environment. In the case of pathogenic strains, they might take part in the interactions with the host and affect the infection outcomes. The economic importance of fungi in manufacturing high-quality nutritional and pharmaceutical products and in remediation is considerable. The analysis of fungal EVs opens new horizons for diagnosing fungal infections and developing vaccines against mycoses and novel applications of nanotherapy and sensors in industrial processes.
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18
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Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles and their therapeutic activities. Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 17:53-69. [PMID: 35261644 PMCID: PMC8888139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnologies have been successfully applied to the treatment of various diseases. Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PENs) are expected to become effective therapeutic modalities for treating disease or in drug-delivery. PENs are minimally cytotoxic to healthy tissues, with which they show excellent biocompatibility, and are biased towards tumors by targeting specific tissues through special endocytosis mechanisms. Thus, the use of these PENs may expand the scope of drug therapies while reducing the off-target effects. In this review, we summarize the fundamental features and bioactivities of PENs extracted from the grape, grapefruit, ginger, lemon, and broccoli and discuss the applications of these particles as therapeutics and nanocarriers.
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19
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Samuel M, Fonseka P, Sanwlani R, Gangoda L, Chee SH, Keerthikumar S, Spurling A, Chitti SV, Zanker D, Ang CS, Atukorala I, Kang T, Shahi S, Marzan AL, Nedeva C, Vennin C, Lucas MC, Cheng L, Herrmann D, Pathan M, Chisanga D, Warren SC, Zhao K, Abraham N, Anand S, Boukouris S, Adda CG, Jiang L, Shekhar TM, Baschuk N, Hawkins CJ, Johnston AJ, Orian JM, Hoogenraad NJ, Poon IK, Hill AF, Jois M, Timpson P, Parker BS, Mathivanan S. Oral administration of bovine milk-derived extracellular vesicles induces senescence in the primary tumor but accelerates cancer metastasis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3950. [PMID: 34168137 PMCID: PMC8225634 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the diet can be absorbed by the intestinal tract of the consuming organism, be bioavailable in various organs, and in-turn exert phenotypic changes is highly debatable. Here, we isolate EVs from both raw and commercial bovine milk and characterize them by electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, western blotting, quantitative proteomics and small RNA sequencing analysis. Orally administered bovine milk-derived EVs survive the harsh degrading conditions of the gut, in mice, and is subsequently detected in multiple organs. Milk-derived EVs orally administered to mice implanted with colorectal and breast cancer cells reduce the primary tumor burden. Intriguingly, despite the reduction in primary tumor growth, milk-derived EVs accelerate metastasis in breast and pancreatic cancer mouse models. Proteomic and biochemical analysis reveal the induction of senescence and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells upon treatment with milk-derived EVs. Timing of EV administration is critical as oral administration after resection of the primary tumor reverses the pro-metastatic effects of milk-derived EVs in breast cancer models. Taken together, our study provides context-based and opposing roles of milk-derived EVs as metastasis inducers and suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monisha Samuel
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Pamali Fonseka
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rahul Sanwlani
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lahiru Gangoda
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sing Ho Chee
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shivakumar Keerthikumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex Spurling
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sai V Chitti
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Damien Zanker
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ishara Atukorala
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Taeyoung Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sanjay Shahi
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Akbar L Marzan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christina Nedeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Claire Vennin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre & St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Morghan C Lucas
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre & St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lesley Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre & St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohashin Pathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Chisanga
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sean C Warren
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre & St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kening Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nidhi Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sushma Anand
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie Boukouris
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher G Adda
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lanzhou Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tanmay M Shekhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nikola Baschuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine J Hawkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amelia J Johnston
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Monique Orian
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Hoogenraad
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ivan K Poon
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Markandeya Jois
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre & St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Belinda S Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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20
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McMillan HM, Rogers N, Wadle A, Hsu-Kim H, Wiesner MR, Kuehn MJ, Hendren CO. Microbial vesicle-mediated communication: convergence to understand interactions within and between domains of life. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:664-677. [PMID: 33899070 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00022e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
All cells produce extracellular vesicles (EVs). These biological packages contain complex mixtures of molecular cargo and have a variety of functions, including interkingdom communication. Recent discoveries highlight the roles microbial EVs may play in the environment with respect to interactions with plants as well as nutrient cycling. These studies have also identified molecules present within EVs and associated with EV surfaces that contribute to these functions. In parallel, studies of engineered nanomaterials have developed methods to track and model small particle behavior in complex systems and measure the relative importance of various surface features on transport and function. While studies of EV behavior in complex environmental conditions have not yet employed transdisciplinary approaches, it is increasingly clear that expertise from disparate fields will be critical to understand the role of EVs in these systems. Here, we outline how the convergence of biology, soil geochemistry, and colloid science can both develop and address questions surrounding the basic principles governing EV-mediated interkingdom interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M McMillan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nicholas Rogers
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Austin Wadle
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Heileen Hsu-Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Mark R Wiesner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Meta J Kuehn
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA and Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christine Ogilvie Hendren
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA.
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21
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Plant Extracellular Vesicles and Nanovesicles: Focus on Secondary Metabolites, Proteins and Lipids with Perspectives on Their Potential and Sources. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073719. [PMID: 33918442 PMCID: PMC8038311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While human extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted a big deal of interest and have been extensively characterized over the last years, plant-derived EVs and nanovesicles have earned less attention and have remained poorly investigated. Although a series of investigations already revealed promising beneficial health effects and drug delivery properties, adequate (pre)clinical studies are rare. This fact might be caused by a lack of sources with appropriate qualities. Our study introduces plant cell suspension culture as a new and well controllable source for plant EVs. Plant cells, cultured in vitro, release EVs into the growth medium which could be harvested for pharmaceutical applications. In this investigation we characterized EVs and nanovesicles from distinct sources. Our findings regarding secondary metabolites indicate that these might not be packaged into EVs in an active manner but enriched in the membrane when lipophilic enough, since apparently lipophilic compounds were associated with nanovesicles while more hydrophilic structures were not consistently found. In addition, protein identification revealed a possible explanation for the mechanism of EV cell wall passage in plants, since cell wall hydrolases like 1,3-β-glucosidases, pectinesterases, polygalacturonases, β-galactosidases and β-xylosidase/α-L-arabinofuranosidase 2-like are present in plant EVs and nanovesicles which might facilitate cell wall transition. Further on, the identified proteins indicate that plant cells secrete EVs using similar mechanisms as animal cells to release exosomes and microvesicles.
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22
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Hu S, Yin Y, Chen B, Lin Q, Tian Y, Song X, Peng J, Zheng H, Rao S, Wu G, Mo X, Yan F, Chen J, Lu Y. Identification of viral particles in the apoplast of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves infected by potato virus X. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:456-464. [PMID: 33629491 PMCID: PMC7938632 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The apoplast is the extracellular space for signalling, nutrient transport, and plant-microbe interactions, but little is known about how plant viruses use the foliar apoplast. Proteomic analysis of the apoplasts isolated from potato virus X (PVX)-infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants showed that the coat protein (CP) is the dominant viral component. The presence of the CP in the apoplast was confirmed by western blot, viral nucleic acid was detected by reverse transcription-PCR and northern blot, and viral particles were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The apoplast from infected leaves was infectious if rubbed onto healthy leaves but not when infiltrated into them. The exosomes were separated from the apoplast fluid by high-speed centrifugation and TEM showed that PVX particles were not associated with the exosomes. These results suggest that PVX virions are released to the N. benthamiana apoplast in a one-way manner and do not share the bidirectional transport of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Hu
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agriculture UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Yueyan Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Buyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Qi Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Yanzhen Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Xijiao Song
- Central Laboratory of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Shaofei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Guanwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Xiaohan Mo
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agriculture UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
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23
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Updates in Paracoccidioides Biology and Genetic Advances in Fungus Manipulation. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7020116. [PMID: 33557381 PMCID: PMC7915485 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The dimorphic fungi of the Paracoccidioides genus are the causative agents of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). This disease is endemic in Latin America and primarily affects workers in rural areas. PCM is considered a neglected disease, despite being a disabling disease that has a notable impact on the public health system. Paracoccidioides spp. are thermally dimorphic fungi that present infective mycelia at 25 °C and differentiate into pathogenic yeast forms at 37 °C. This transition involves a series of morphological, structural, and metabolic changes which are essential for their survival inside hosts. As a pathogen, the fungus is subjected to several varieties of stress conditions, including the host immune response, which involves the production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, thermal stress due to temperature changes during the transition, pH alterations within phagolysosomes, and hypoxia inside granulomas. Over the years, studies focusing on understanding the establishment and development of PCM have been conducted with several limitations due to the low effectiveness of strategies for the genetic manipulation of Paracoccidioides spp. This review describes the most relevant biological features of Paracoccidioides spp., including aspects of the phylogeny, ecology, stress response, infection, and evasion mechanisms of the fungus. We also discuss the genetic aspects and difficulties of fungal manipulation, and, finally, describe the advances in molecular biology that may be employed in molecular research on this fungus in the future.
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Askenase PW. Ancient Evolutionary Origin and Properties of Universally Produced Natural Exosomes Contribute to Their Therapeutic Superiority Compared to Artificial Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1429. [PMID: 33572657 PMCID: PMC7866973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, are newly recognized fundamental, universally produced natural nanoparticles of life that are seemingly involved in all biologic processes and clinical diseases. Due to their universal involvements, understanding the nature and also the potential therapeutic uses of these nanovesicles requires innovative experimental approaches in virtually every field. Of the EV group, exosome nanovesicles and larger companion micro vesicles can mediate completely new biologic and clinical processes dependent on the intercellular transfer of proteins and most importantly selected RNAs, particularly miRNAs between donor and targeted cells to elicit epigenetic alterations inducing functional cellular changes. These recipient acceptor cells are nearby (paracrine transfers) or far away after distribution via the circulation (endocrine transfers). The major properties of such vesicles seem to have been conserved over eons, suggesting that they may have ancient evolutionary origins arising perhaps even before cells in the primordial soup from which life evolved. Their potential ancient evolutionary attributes may be responsible for the ability of some modern-day exosomes to withstand unusually harsh conditions, perhaps due to unique membrane lipid compositions. This is exemplified by ability of the maternal milk exosomes to survive passing the neonatal acid/enzyme rich stomach. It is postulated that this resistance also applies to their durable presence in phagolysosomes, thus suggesting a unique intracellular release of their contained miRNAs. A major discussed issue is the generally poorly realized superiority of these naturally evolved nanovesicles for therapies when compared to human-engineered artificial nanoparticles, e.g., for the treatment of diseases like cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip W Askenase
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Abstract
Since the discovery that extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication, there is an exponential increase in the interest on EVs, especially in pathological settings. EVs are membranous vesicles that are secreted by various cell types and the release of EVs is conserved in every prokaryotic and eukaryotic organism tested to date. These vesicles were initially thought to be garbage disposal vehicles and subsequent studies over the past 4 decades have attributed several functional roles to EVs, some of which are critical for homeostasis. The molecular cargo of nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and metabolites packaged in EVs often mirror the host cells phenotypic status. EVs can be taken up by recipient cells and upon uptake, EVs through its molecular cargo, can induce a cascade of signal transduction events in recipient cells. EVs are categorised into several subtypes depending on their biogenesis and secretion. Due to several subtypes, differing sizes within a subtype and varying cargo, EVs are heterogenous in nature and the biophysical and biochemical properties of EVs often overlap between EV subtypes. Hence, it is important to be cautious when selecting the method of EV isolation and characterisation. This chapter provides a brief introduction to EVs and their subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamali Fonseka
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Akbar L Marzan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Filamentous Fungi Extracellular Vesicles. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021; 432:45-55. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-83391-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Garcia-Ceron D, Bleackley MR, Anderson MA. Fungal Extracellular Vesicles in Pathophysiology. Subcell Biochem 2021; 97:151-177. [PMID: 33779917 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67171-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Fungal pathogens are a concern in medicine and agriculture that has been exacerbated by the emergence of antifungal-resistant varieties that severely threaten human and animal health, as well as food security. This had led to the search for new and sustainable treatments for fungal diseases. Innovative solutions require a deeper understanding of the interactions between fungal pathogens and their hosts, and the key determinants of fungal virulence. Recently, a link has emerged between the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and fungal virulence that may contribute to finding new methods for fungal control. Fungal EVs carry pigments, carbohydrates, protein, nucleic acids and other macromolecules with similar functions as those found in EVs from other organisms, however certain fungal features, such as the fungal cell wall, impact EV release and cargo. Fungal EVs modulate immune responses in the host, have a role in cell-cell communication and transport molecules that function in virulence. Understanding the function of fungal EVs will expand our knowledge of host-pathogen interactions and may provide new and specific targets for antifungal drugs and agrichemicals.
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Plant Roots Release Small Extracellular Vesicles with Antifungal Activity. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121777. [PMID: 33333782 PMCID: PMC7765200 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) play pivotal roles in cell-to-cell and inter-kingdom communication. Despite their relevant biological implications, the existence and role of plant EVs released into the environment has been unexplored. Herein, we purified round-shaped small vesicles (EVs) by differential ultracentrifugation of a sampling solution containing root exudates of hydroponically grown tomato plants. Biophysical analyses, by means of dynamic light scattering, microfluidic resistive pulse sensing and scanning electron microscopy, showed that the size of root-released EVs range in the nanometric scale (50-100 nm). Shot-gun proteomics of tomato EVs identified 179 unique proteins, several of which are known to be involved in plant-microbe interactions. In addition, the application of root-released EVs induced a significant inhibition of spore germination and of germination tube development of the plant pathogens Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata. Interestingly, these EVs contain several proteins involved in plant defense, suggesting that they could be new components of the plant innate immune system.
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Liu Y, Wu S, Koo Y, Yang A, Dai Y, Khant H, Osman SR, Chowdhury M, Wei H, Li Y, Court K, Hwang E, Wen Y, Dasari SK, Nguyen M, Tang ECC, Chehab EW, de Val N, Braam J, Sood AK. Characterization of and isolation methods for plant leaf nanovesicles and small extracellular vesicles. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 29:102271. [PMID: 32702466 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) can deliver diverse molecules to target cells. However, they are difficult to obtain in large quantities and can activate host immune responses. Plant-derived vesicles may help to overcome these challenges. We optimized isolation methods for two types of plant vesicles, nanovesicles from disrupted leaf and sEVs from the extracellular apoplastic space of Arabidopsis thaliana. Both preparations yielded intact vesicles of uniform size, and a mean membrane charge of approximately -25 mV. We also demonstrated applicability of these preparative methods using Brassicaceae vegetables. Proteomic analysis of a subset of vesicles with a density of 1.1-1.19 g mL-1 sheds light on the likely cellular origin and complexity of the vesicles. Both leaf nanovesicles and sEVs were taken up by cancer cells, with sEVs showing an approximately three-fold higher efficiency compared to leaf nanovesicles. These results support the potential of plant-derived vesicles as vehicles for therapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX.
| | - Sherry Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| | | | - An Yang
- BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX; State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanwan Dai
- BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX.
| | - Htet Khant
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD; Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Inc., Frederick, MD.
| | | | - Mamur Chowdhury
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| | - Haichao Wei
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| | - Karem Court
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| | | | - Yunfei Wen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| | - Santosh K Dasari
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| | | | | | | | - Natalia de Val
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD; Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Inc., Frederick, MD.
| | | | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Akita
- Department of Chemical Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University
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Sanwlani R, Fonseka P, Chitti SV, Mathivanan S. Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Inter-Organism, Cross-Species Communication and Drug Delivery. Proteomes 2020; 8:11. [PMID: 32414045 PMCID: PMC7356197 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes8020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk is considered as more than a source of nutrition for infants and is a vector involved in the transfer of bioactive compounds and cells. Milk contains abundant quantities of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that may originate from multiple cellular sources. These nanosized vesicles have been well characterized and are known to carry a diverse cargo of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and other biomolecules. Milk-derived EVs have been demonstrated to survive harsh and degrading conditions in gut, taken up by various cell types, cross biological barriers and reach peripheral tissues. The cargo carried by these dietary EVs has been suggested to have a role in cell growth, development, immune modulation and regulation. Hence, there is considerable interest in understanding the role of milk-derived EVs in mediating inter-organismal and cross-species communication. Furthermore, various attributes such as it being a natural source, as well as its abundance, scalability, economic viability and lack of unwarranted immunologic reactions, has generated significant interest in deploying milk-derived EVs for clinical applications such as drug delivery and disease therapy. In this review, the role of milk-derived EVs in inter-organismal, cross-species communication and in drug delivery is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (R.S.); (P.F.); (S.V.C.)
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Yi YW, Lee JH, Kim SY, Pack CG, Ha DH, Park SR, Youn J, Cho BS. Advances in Analysis of Biodistribution of Exosomes by Molecular Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E665. [PMID: 31963931 PMCID: PMC7014306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized membranous vesicles produced by nearly all types of cells. Since exosome-like vesicles are produced in an evolutionarily conserved manner for information and function transfer from the originating cells to recipient cells, an increasing number of studies have focused on their application as therapeutic agents, drug delivery vehicles, and diagnostic targets. Analysis of the in vivo distribution of exosomes is a prerequisite for the development of exosome-based therapeutics and drug delivery vehicles with accurate prediction of therapeutic dose and potential side effects. Various attempts to evaluate the biodistribution of exosomes obtained from different sources have been reported. In this review, we examined the current trends and the advantages and disadvantages of the methods used to determine the biodistribution of exosomes by molecular imaging. We also reviewed 29 publications to compare the methods employed to isolate, analyze, and label exosomes as well as to determine the biodistribution of labeled exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (S.R.P.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (S.R.P.); (J.Y.)
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (C.-G.P.)
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Chan-Gi Pack
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (C.-G.P.)
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Ha
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (S.R.P.); (J.Y.)
| | - Sang Rae Park
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (S.R.P.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jinkwon Youn
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (S.R.P.); (J.Y.)
| | - Byong Seung Cho
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (S.R.P.); (J.Y.)
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Chukhchin DG, Bolotova K, Sinelnikov I, Churilov D, Novozhilov E. Exosomes in the phloem and xylem of woody plants. PLANTA 2019; 251:12. [PMID: 31776666 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes in the secondary phloem and secondary xylem of angiosperms and gymnosperms have physiological roles in the storage and transport of endoglucanases. Knowledge of plant extracellular vesicles (EVs) is limited by their presence in the apoplastic fluid of seeds and leaves. The contents of plant EVs and their biological functions are unclear. The aim of the present study was to expand our knowledge of EVs in woody plants. Sample splits were prepared from branch and stem samples from angiosperms and gymnosperms after cryomechanical destruction with liquid nitrogen. The study methods included scanning electron (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), endoglucanase activity measurement. EVs visualized on the internal layers of the cell walls proved to be exosomes according to their diameter (65-145 nm). SEM revealed cup-shaped structures characteristic of exosomes in a dry state. Plant exosomes in the form of globules in the native state were visualized for the first time by AFM. Exosomes were present both in the active and dormant cambium. Erosion zones were observed at the sites of exosome localization. The activity of endo-1,4-β-glucanase was detected in Picea xylem, while the RNA level was very low, suggesting that endo-1,4-β-glucanases were preserved in the exosomes. There are grounds to assert that endo-1,4-β-glucanases delivered by exosomes participated in pit cavity formation in the S1 layer of xylary fibres. A possible mechanism of endo-1,4-β-glucanase action in the biosynthesis of the secondary wall is proposed. These results demonstrate that the physiological role of the exosomes in the phloem and xylem is the storage and transport of endo-1,4-β-glucanases participating in cell wall remodeling in woody plants. Present study expands our knowledge about plant exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry G Chukhchin
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina Embankment 17, 163000, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Ksenia Bolotova
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina Embankment 17, 163000, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Igor Sinelnikov
- Federal State Institution "Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Leninsky Prospect, 33, Build. 2, 119071, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Churilov
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina Embankment 17, 163000, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Novozhilov
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina Embankment 17, 163000, Arkhangelsk, Russia.
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Es-Haghi M, Godakumara K, Häling A, Lättekivi F, Lavrits A, Viil J, Andronowska A, Nafee T, James V, Jaakma Ü, Salumets A, Fazeli A. Specific trophoblast transcripts transferred by extracellular vesicles affect gene expression in endometrial epithelial cells and may have a role in embryo-maternal crosstalk. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:146. [PMID: 31727082 PMCID: PMC6854687 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Successful establishment of pregnancy hinges on appropriate communication between the embryo and the uterus prior to implantation, but the nature of this communication remains poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the endometrium is receptive to embryo-derived signals in the form of RNA. Methods We have utilized a non-contact co culture system to simulate the conditions of pre implantation environment of the uterus. We bioorthogonally tagged embryonic RNA and tracked the transferred transcripts to endometrium. Transferred transcripts were separated from endometrial transcripts and sequenced. Changes in endometrial transcripts were quantified using quantitative PCR. Results We show that three specific transcripts are transferred to endometrial cells. We subsequently demonstrate a role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in this process, as EVs obtained from cultured trophoblast spheroids incubated with endometrial cells induced down-regulation of all the three identified transcripts in endometrial cells. Finally, we show that EVs/nanoparticles captured from conditioned culture media of viable embryos as opposed to degenerating embryos induce ZNF81 down-regulation in endometrial cells, hinting at the functional importance of this intercellular communication. Conclusion Ultimately, our findings demonstrate the existence of an RNA-based communication which may be of critical importance for the establishment of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Es-Haghi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kasun Godakumara
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Annika Häling
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Freddy Lättekivi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Arina Lavrits
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Janeli Viil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aneta Andronowska
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tamer Nafee
- Academic unit of reproductive and developmental medicine, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Victoria James
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ülle Jaakma
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alireza Fazeli
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia. .,Academic unit of reproductive and developmental medicine, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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Woith E, Fuhrmann G, Melzig MF. Extracellular Vesicles-Connecting Kingdoms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5695. [PMID: 31739393 PMCID: PMC6888613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are shed from cells of almost every type of cell or organism, showing their ubiquity in all empires of life. EVs are defined as naturally released particles from cells, delimited by a lipid bilayer, and cannot replicate. These nano- to micrometer scaled spheres shuttle a set of bioactive molecules. EVs are of great interest as vehicles for drug targeting and in fundamental biological research, but in vitro culture of animal cells usually achieves only small yields. The exploration of other biological kingdoms promises comprehensive knowledge on EVs broadening the opportunities for basic understanding and therapeutic use. Thus, plants might be sustainable biofactories producing nontoxic and highly specific nanovectors, whereas bacterial and fungal EVs are promising vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases. Importantly, EVs from different eukaryotic and prokaryotic kingdoms are involved in many processes including host-pathogen interactions, spreading of resistances, and plant diseases. More extensive knowledge of inter-species and interkingdom regulation could provide advantages for preventing and treating pests and pathogens. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of EVs derived from eukaryota and prokaryota and we discuss how better understanding of their intercommunication role provides opportunities for both fundamental and applied biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Woith
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, D-14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Gregor Fuhrmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Biogenic Nanotherapeutics Group (BION), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Matthias F. Melzig
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, D-14195 Berlin, Germany;
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Zhang LL, Jing XD, Chen W, Wang Y, Lin JH, Zheng L, Dong YH, Zhou L, Li FF, Yang FY, Peng L, Vasseur L, He WY, You MS. Host Plant-Derived miRNAs Potentially Modulate the Development of a Cosmopolitan Insect Pest, Plutella xylostella. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100602. [PMID: 31614786 PMCID: PMC6843310 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been reported to be involved in the cross-kingdom regulation of specific cellular and physiological processes in animals. However, little of this phenomenon is known for the communication between host plant and insect herbivore. In this study, the plant-derived miRNAs in the hemolymph of a cruciferous specialist Plutella xylostella were identified by small RNAs sequencing. A total of 39 miRNAs with typical characteristics of plant miRNAs were detected, of which 24 had read counts ≥ 2 in each library. Three plant-derived miRNAs with the highest read counts were validated, and all of them were predicted to target the hemocyanin domains-containing genes of P. xylostella. The luciferase assays in the Drosophila S2 cell demonstrated that miR159a and novel-7703-5p could target BJHSP1 and PPO2 respectively, possibly in an incomplete complementary pairing mode. We further found that treatment with agomir-7703-5p significantly influenced the pupal development and egg-hatching rate when reared on the artificial diet. The developments of both pupae and adults were severely affected upon their transfer to Arabidopsis thaliana, but this might be independent of the cross-kingdom regulation of the three plant-derived miRNAs on their target genes in P. xylostella, based on expression analysis. Taken together, our work reveals that the plant-derived miRNAs could break the barrier of the insect mid-gut to enter the circulatory system, and potentially regulate the development of P. xylostella. Our findings provide new insights into the co-evolution of insect herbivore and host plant, and novel direction for pest control using plant-derived miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jun-Han Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Ling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yu-Hong Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Fei-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Fei-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Lu Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Liette Vasseur
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S3A1, Canada.
| | - Wei-Yi He
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Min-Sheng You
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Tokuhara CK, Santesso MR, Oliveira GSND, Ventura TMDS, Doyama JT, Zambuzzi WF, Oliveira RCD. Updating the role of matrix metalloproteinases in mineralized tissue and related diseases. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180596. [PMID: 31508793 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone development and healing processes involve a complex cascade of biological events requiring well-orchestrated synergism with bone cells, growth factors, and other trophic signaling molecules and cellular structures. Beyond health processes, MMPs play several key roles in the installation of heart and blood vessel related diseases and cancer, ranging from accelerating metastatic cells to ectopic vascular mineralization by smooth muscle cells in complementary manner. The tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) have an important role in controlling proteolysis. Paired with the post-transcriptional efficiency of specific miRNAs, they modulate MMP performance. If druggable, these molecules are suggested to be a platform for development of "smart" medications and further clinical trials. Thus, considering the pleiotropic effect of MMPs on mammals, the purpose of this review is to update the role of those multifaceted proteases in mineralized tissues in health, such as bone, and pathophysiological disorders, such as ectopic vascular calcification and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Kazuko Tokuhara
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Mariana Rodrigues Santesso
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Silva Neubern de Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Talita Mendes da Silva Ventura
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Julio Toshimi Doyama
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Campus Botucatu, Rubião Jr, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Willian Fernando Zambuzzi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Campus Botucatu, Rubião Jr, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Cardoso de Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
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40
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Zhao K, Bleackley M, Chisanga D, Gangoda L, Fonseka P, Liem M, Kalra H, Al Saffar H, Keerthikumar S, Ang CS, Adda CG, Jiang L, Yap K, Poon IK, Lock P, Bulone V, Anderson M, Mathivanan S. Extracellular vesicles secreted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae are involved in cell wall remodelling. Commun Biol 2019; 2:305. [PMID: 31428693 PMCID: PMC6688994 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles that are released by cells. In this study, the role of the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery in the biogenesis of yeast EVs was examined. Knockout of components of the ESCRT machinery altered the morphology and size of EVs as well as decreased the abundance of EVs. In contrast, strains with deletions in cell wall biosynthesis genes, produced more EVs than wildtype. Proteomic analysis highlighted the depletion of ESCRT components and enrichment of cell wall remodelling enzymes, glucan synthase subunit Fks1 and chitin synthase Chs3, in yeast EVs. Interestingly, EVs containing Fks1 and Chs3 rescued the yeast cells from antifungal molecules. However, EVs from fks1∆ or chs3∆ or the vps23∆chs3∆ double knockout strain were unable to rescue the yeast cells as compared to vps23∆ EVs. Overall, we have identified a potential role for yeast EVs in cell wall remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kening Zhao
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Mark Bleackley
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia
| | - David Chisanga
- 2Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Lahiru Gangoda
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Pamali Fonseka
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Michael Liem
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Hina Kalra
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Haidar Al Saffar
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Shivakumar Keerthikumar
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia
- 3Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
- 4Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- 5Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Christopher G Adda
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Lanzhou Jiang
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Kuok Yap
- 6ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls and Adelaide Glycomics, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Ivan K Poon
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Peter Lock
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Vincent Bulone
- 6ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls and Adelaide Glycomics, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Marilyn Anderson
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia
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41
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Zhang W, Corwin JA, Copeland DH, Feusier J, Eshbaugh R, Cook DE, Atwell S, Kliebenstein DJ. Plant-necrotroph co-transcriptome networks illuminate a metabolic battlefield. eLife 2019; 8:e44279. [PMID: 31081752 PMCID: PMC6557632 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A central goal of studying host-pathogen interaction is to understand how host and pathogen manipulate each other to promote their own fitness in a pathosystem. Co-transcriptomic approaches can simultaneously analyze dual transcriptomes during infection and provide a systematic map of the cross-kingdom communication between two species. Here we used the Arabidopsis-B. cinerea pathosystem to test how plant host and fungal pathogen interact at the transcriptomic level. We assessed the impact of genetic diversity in pathogen and host by utilization of a collection of 96 isolates infection on Arabidopsis wild-type and two mutants with jasmonate or salicylic acid compromised immunities. We identified ten B. cinereagene co-expression networks (GCNs) that encode known or novel virulence mechanisms. Construction of a dual interaction network by combining four host- and ten pathogen-GCNs revealed potential connections between the fungal and plant GCNs. These co-transcriptome data shed lights on the potential mechanisms underlying host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Plant PathologyKansas State UniversityManhattanUnited States
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Jason A Corwin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution BiologyUniversity of ColoradoBoulderUnited States
| | | | - Julie Feusier
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Robert Eshbaugh
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - David E Cook
- Department of Plant PathologyKansas State UniversityManhattanUnited States
| | - Suzi Atwell
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Daniel J Kliebenstein
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California, DavisDavisUnited States
- DynaMo Center of ExcellenceUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
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Wang Y, Xie Y, Zhang A, Wang M, Fang Z, Zhang J. Exosomes: An emerging factor in atherosclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108951. [PMID: 31078042 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main reason for morbidity and death caused by cardiovascular disease which leads to approximately 20% of total death around the world. Exosomes secreted by the cells is a kind of extracellular vesicles with lipid bilayer structure, containing a variety of cell specific lipid, nucleic acid and protein, involved in intercellular communication, plays an important role in different physiological and pathological process. In recent years, with the deepening of research, the role of exosomes in cardiovascular diseases has received extensive attention. This review summarizes the roles of exosomes and exosome-derived from microRNAs, proteins and DNA as biomarkers in the development of atherosclerosis, and explores the mechanism of exosome-mediated intercellular crosstalk in atherosclerosis, providing potential roles for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yingyu Xie
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- 726 broadway, Epidemiology, College of global public health, New York University, New York, 10003, United States
| | - Mingyang Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Zihan Fang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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Bielska E, Birch P, Buck A, Abreu-Goodger C, Innes R, Jin H, Pfaffl M, Robatzek S, Regev-Rudzki N, Tisserant C, Wang S, Weiberg A. Highlights of the mini-symposium on extracellular vesicles in inter-organismal communication, held in Munich, Germany, August 2018. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1590116. [PMID: 30911363 PMCID: PMC6427632 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1590116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
All living organisms secrete molecules for intercellular communication. Recent research has revealed that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in inter-organismal cell-to-cell communication by transporting diverse messenger molecules, including RNA, DNA, lipids and proteins. These discoveries have raised fundamental questions regarding EV biology. How are EVs biosynthesized and loaded with messenger/cargo molecules? How are EVs secreted into the extracellular matrix? What are the EV uptake mechanisms of recipient cells? As EVs are produced by all kind of organisms, from unicellular bacteria and protists, filamentous fungi and oomycetes, to complex multicellular life forms such as plants and animals, basic research in diverse model systems is urgently needed to shed light on the multifaceted biology of EVs and their role in inter-organismal communications. To help catalyse progress in this emerging field, a mini-symposium was held in Munich, Germany in August 2018. This report highlights recent progress and major questions being pursued across a very diverse group of model systems, all united by the question of how EVs contribute to inter-organismal communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Bielska
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P.R.J. Birch
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Science, University of Dundee (at James Hutton Institute), Dundee, UK
| | - A.H. Buck
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research and Centre for Immunity, Infection & Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C. Abreu-Goodger
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - R.W. Innes
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - H. Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - M.W. Pfaffl
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - S. Robatzek
- Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - N. Regev-Rudzki
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - C. Tisserant
- Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - S. Wang
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Science, University of Dundee (at James Hutton Institute), Dundee, UK
| | - A. Weiberg
- Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
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Ticket to a bubble ride: Cargo sorting into exosomes and extracellular vesicles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:140203. [PMID: 30822540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by cells into the extracellular milieu to facilitate intercellular communication in both physiological and pathological condition. EVs contain selective repertoires of proteins, RNAs, lipids and metabolites that moderate signalling pathways in the recipient cells. The enrichment of a particular set of proteins or RNAs within the EVs highlights the existence of specific sorting mechanisms that orchestrate the selective packaging of the cargo. The molecular machinery of cargo sorting has remained obscure over the years and functional studies are required to understand this complex mechanism. In this article, we offer a brief overview of the molecular mechanisms that are known to regulate sorting of various molecules into EVs. We also discuss how different pathways of biogenesis alter the exosomal cargo as well and the implications of the cellular state on the content of the EVs. Understanding the sorting of exosomal cargo could further be exploited in clinical settings for targeted drug delivery and to block disease progression.
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45
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Bleackley MR, Samuel M, Garcia-Ceron D, McKenna JA, Lowe RGT, Pathan M, Zhao K, Ang CS, Mathivanan S, Anderson MA. Extracellular Vesicles From the Cotton Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum Induce a Phytotoxic Response in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1610. [PMID: 31998330 PMCID: PMC6965325 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a system for the coordinated secretion of a variety of molecular cargo including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites. They have an essential role in intercellular communication in multicellular organisms and have more recently been implicated in host-pathogen interactions. Study of the role for EVs in fungal biology has focused on pathogenic yeasts that are major pathogens in humans. In this study we have expanded the investigation of fungal EVs to plant pathogens, specifically the major cotton pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. EVs isolated from F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum culture medium have a morphology and size distribution similar to EVs from yeasts such as Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. A unique feature of the EVs from F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum is their purple color, which is predicted to arise from a napthoquinone pigment being packaged into the EVs. Proteomic analysis of F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum EVs revealed that they are enriched in proteins that function in synthesis of polyketides as well as proteases and proteins that function in basic cellular processes. Infiltration of F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum EVs into the leaves of cotton or N. benthamiana plants led to a phytotoxic response. These observations lead to the hypothesis that F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum EVs are likely to play a crucial role in the infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Bleackley
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Monisha Samuel
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Donovan Garcia-Ceron
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - James A. McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Rohan G. T. Lowe
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohashin Pathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Kening Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Marilyn A. Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Marilyn A. Anderson,
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Tao K, Waletich JR, Wise H, Arredondo F, Tyler BM. Tethering of Multi-Vesicular Bodies and the Tonoplast to the Plasma Membrane in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:636. [PMID: 31396242 PMCID: PMC6662526 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tethering of the plasma membrane (PM) and many organelles to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for communication and lipid exchange has been widely reported. However, despite growing interest in multi-vesicular bodies (MVBs) as possible sources of exosomes, tethering of MVBs to the PM has not been reported. Here we show that MVBs and the vacuolar membrane (tonoplast) could be tethered to the PM (PM-MVB/TP tethering) by artificial protein fusions or bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) complexes that contain a peripheral membrane protein that binds the PM and also a protein that binds MVBs or the tonoplast. PM-binding proteins capable of participating in PM-MVB/TP tethering included StRem1.3, BIK1, PBS1, CPK21, and the PtdIns(4)-binding proteins FAPP1 and Osh2. MVB/TP-binding proteins capable of participating in tethering included ARA6, ARA7, RHA1, RABG3f, and the PtdIns(3)P-binding proteins Vam7p and Hrs-2xFYVE. BiFC complexes or protein fusions capable of producing PM-MVB/TP tethering were visualized as large well-defined patches of fluorescence on the PM that could displace PM proteins such as AtFlotillin1 and also could displace cytoplasmic proteins such as soluble GFP. Furthermore, we identified paralogous ubiquitin E3 ligase proteins, SAUL1 (AtPUB44), and AtPUB43 that could produce PM-MVB/TP tethering. SAUL1 and AtPUB43 could produce tethering in uninfected tissue when paired with MVB-binding proteins or when their E3 ligase domain was deleted. When Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue was infected with Phytophthora capsici, full length SAUL1 and AtPUB43 localized in membrane patches consistent with PM-MVB/TP tethering. Our findings define new tools for studying PM-MVB/TP tethering and its possible role in plant defense. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although not previously observed, the tethering of multi-vesicular bodies to the plasma membrane is of interest due to the potential role of this process in producing exosomes in plants. Here we describe tools for observing and manipulating the tethering of multi-vesicular bodies and the tonoplast to the plant plasma membrane, and describe two plant proteins that may naturally regulate this process during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tao
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Justin R. Waletich
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Hua Wise
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Felipe Arredondo
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Brett M. Tyler
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: Brett M. Tyler
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Fetal Bovine Serum-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Persist within Vesicle-Depleted Culture Media. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113538. [PMID: 30423996 PMCID: PMC6275013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that culture media (CM) promotes cellular growth, adhesion, and protects explanted primary brain cells from in vitro stresses. The fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplement used in most CM, however, contains significant quantities of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that confound quantitative and qualitative analyses from the EVs produced by the cultured cells. We quantitatively tested the ability of common FBS EV-depletion protocols to remove exogenous EVs from FBS-supplemented CM and evaluated the influence such methods have on primary astrocyte culture growth and viability. We assessed two methodologies utilized for FBS EV removal prior to adding to CM: (1) an 18-h ultracentrifugation (UC); and (2) a commercial EV-depleted FBS (Exo-FBS™). Our analysis demonstrated that Exo-FBS™ CM provided the largest depletion (75%) of total FBS EVs, while still providing 6.92 × 109 ± 1.39 × 108 EVs/mL. In addition, both UC and Exo-FBS™ CM resulted in poor primary astrocyte cell growth and viability in culture. The two common FBS EV-depletion methods investigated, therefore, not only contaminate in vitro primary cell-derived EV analyses, but also provide a suboptimal environment for primary astrocyte cell growth and viability. It appears likely that future CM optimization, using a serum-free alternative, might be required to advance analyses of cell-specific EVs isolated in vitro.
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Abstract
Plants and pathogenic microbes are engaged in constant attacks and counterattacks at the interface of the interacting organisms. Much of the molecular warfare involves cross-kingdom trafficking of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites that act as toxins, inhibitors, lytic enzymes, and signaling molecules. How various molecules are transported across the boundaries of plants and pathogens has remained largely unknown until now. Extracellular vesicles have emerged as likely carriers of molecular ammunition for both plants and pathogens. Recent advances are beginning to show how extracellular vesicles serve as powerful vehicles that transfer small RNAs from plants to fungal cells to diminish pathogen virulence and from fungi to plant cells to dampen host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangxiu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li C, Wong AYP, Wang S, Jia Q, Chuang WP, Bendena WG, Tobe SS, Yang SH, Chung G, Chan TF, Lam HM, Bede JC, Hui JHL. miRNA-Mediated Interactions in and between Plants and Insects. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3239. [PMID: 30347694 PMCID: PMC6213987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of microRNA (miRNA) regulation of gene expression and protein translation, as a critical area of cellular regulation, has blossomed in the last two decades. Recently, it has become apparent that in plant-insect interactions, both plants and insects use miRNAs to regulate their biological processes, as well as co-opting each others' miRNA systems. In this review article, we discuss the current paradigms of miRNA-mediated cellular regulation and provide examples of plant-insect interactions that utilize this regulation. Lastly, we discuss the potential biotechnological applications of utilizing miRNAs in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chade Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Centre of Soybean Research, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Annette Y P Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Centre of Soybean Research, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition of Heilongjiang Province, Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Qi Jia
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wen-Po Chuang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - William G Bendena
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Stephen S Tobe
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea.
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea.
| | - Ting-Fung Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Centre of Soybean Research, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Centre of Soybean Research, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jacqueline C Bede
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Jerome H L Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Centre of Soybean Research, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Extracellular Vesicles and Matrix Remodeling Enzymes: The Emerging Roles in Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, Progression of Diseases and Tissue Repair. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100167. [PMID: 30322133 PMCID: PMC6210724 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane enclosed micro- and nano-sized vesicles that are secreted from almost every species, ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, and from almost every cell type studied so far. EVs contain repertoire of bioactive molecules such as proteins (including enzymes and transcriptional factors), lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids including DNA, coding and non-coding RNAs. The secreted EVs are taken up by neighboring cells where they release their content in recipient cells, or can sail through body fluids to reach distant organs. Since EVs transport bioactive cargo between cells, they have emerged as novel mediators of extra- and intercellular activities in local microenvironment and inter-organ communications distantly. Herein, we review the activities of EV-associated matrix-remodeling enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases, heparanases, hyaluronidases, aggrecanases, and their regulators such as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducers and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases as novel means of matrix remodeling in physiological and pathological conditions. We discuss how such EVs act as novel mediators of extracellular matrix degradation to prepare a permissive environment for various pathological conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis and metabolic diseases. Additionally, the roles of EV-mediated matrix remodeling in tissue repair and their potential applications as organ therapies have been reviewed. Collectively, this knowledge could benefit the development of new approaches for tissue engineering.
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