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Sun W, He Y, Deng Y, Hu Y, Cao M, Luo J. Interaction effects of magnetized water irrigation and wounding stress on Cd phytoremediation effect of Arabidopsis halleri. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:1016-1026. [PMID: 38037794 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2288896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the phytoremediation efficiency of Arabidopsis halleri L. in response to mechanical injury were compared between those irrigated with magnetized water and those irrigated with normal water. Under normal irrigation treatment, wounding stress increased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in A. halleri leaves significantly, by 46.7-86.1% and 39.4-77.4%, respectively, relative to those in the intact tissues. In addition, wounding stresses decreased the content of Cd in leaves by 26.8-52.2%, relative to the control, indicating that oxidative damage in plant tissues was induced by mechanical injury, rather than Cd accumulation. There were no significant differences in MDA and H2O2 between A. halleri irrigated with magnetized water and with normal water under wounding conditions; however, the activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the leaves of plants treated with magnetized water were significantly increased by 25.1-56.7%, 47.3-183.6%, and 44.2-109.4%, respectively. Notably, under the magnetic field, the phytoremediation effect of 30% wounded A. halleri nearly returned to normal levels. We find that irrigation with magnetized water is an economical pathway to improve the tolerance of A. halleri to inevitable mechanical injury and may recover its phytoremediation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiheng Sun
- Hubei Geological & Mining Exploration Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue He
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuping Deng
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuwei Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Cao
- University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
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Lopes JML, Nascimento LSDQ, Souza VC, de Matos EM, Fortini EA, Grazul RM, Santos MO, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Otoni WC, Viccini LF. Water stress modulates terpene biosynthesis and morphophysiology at different ploidal levels in Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown (Verbenaceae). PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:227-243. [PMID: 37665420 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01890-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenes are the main component in essential oils of Lippia alba. In this species, the chemical composition of essential oils varies with genome size: citral (geraniol and neral) is dominant in diploids and tetraploids, and linalool in triploids. Because environmental stress impacts various metabolic pathways, we hypothesized that stress responses in L. alba could alter the relationship between genome size and essential oil composition. Water stress affects the flowering, production, and reproduction of plants. Here, we evaluated the effect of water stress on morphophysiology, essential oil production, and the expression of genes related to monoterpene synthesis in diploid, triploid, and tetraploid accessions of L. alba cultivated in vitro for 40 days. First, using transcriptome data, we performed de novo gene assembly and identified orthologous genes using phylogenetic and clustering-based approaches. The expression of candidate genes related to terpene biosynthesis was estimated by real-time quantitative PCR. Next, we assessed the expression of these genes under water stress conditions, whereby 1% PEG-4000 was added to MS medium. Water stress modulated L. alba morphophysiology at all ploidal levels. Gene expression and essential oil production were affected in triploid accessions. Polyploid accessions showed greater growth and metabolic tolerance under stress compared to diploids. These results confirm the complex regulation of metabolic pathways such as the production of essential oils in polyploid genomes. In addition, they highlight aspects of genotype and environment interactions, which may be important for the conservation of tropical biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Mainenti Leal Lopes
- Department of Biology, Insitute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-900, Brazil
- School of Life Science and Environment, Department of Genetic and Biotechnology, University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1649-004, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Vinicius Carius Souza
- Department of Biology, Insitute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Elyabe Monteiro de Matos
- Department of Biology, Insitute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Evandro Alexandre Fortini
- Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture (LCTII), Department of Plant Biology/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs S/N, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Oliveira Santos
- Department of Biology, Insitute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Wagner Campos Otoni
- Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture (LCTII), Department of Plant Biology/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs S/N, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Lyderson Facio Viccini
- Department of Biology, Insitute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-900, Brazil.
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Deuchande T, Fundo J, Rodrigues D, Abudiab I, Durão J, Carvalho AP, Oliveira ALS, Pintado M, Amaro AL. Antioxidant effects of phenolic extract from sugarcane straw and mannan extract from brewer's spent yeast on fresh-cut apples. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7529-7538. [PMID: 37406160 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fresh-cut fruit are convenient ready-to-eat products increasingly demanded by consumers, but highly susceptible to oxidation. To increase the shelf life of these products, this industry is currently facing the challenge of finding sustainable natural preservatives capable of maintaining fresh-cut fruit quality while meeting consumers' expectations regarding health and environmental concerns. RESULTS In this work, fresh-cut apple slices were treated with two antioxidant extracts derived from industrial by-products: a phenolic-rich extract produced from sugarcane straw (PE-SCS) and applied at 15 g L-1 , and a mannan-rich extract obtained from brewer's spent yeast (MN-BSY) applied at two concentrations: 1 and 5 g L-1 . PE-SCS, having a brown color, imparted a brownish hue to the fruit and increased the browning rate during storage, and not even the initial robust antioxidant response (high superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase activities), prevented oxidation. Fruit treated with MN-BSY extract at 5 g L-1 showed lower color loss rate and higher polyphenol oxidase inhibition, while at 1 g L-1 it showed lower firmness loss rate and lower lipid peroxidation after 6 days of storage. CONCLUSION The results showed that PE-SCS triggers a potent antioxidant response in fresh-cut fruit and, despite it imparting a brown color to the fruit at 15 g L-1 , it may have potential for application at lower concentrations. Regarding MN-BSY, it generally decreased oxidative stress, but its effect on quality maintenance was dependent on the concentration and, thus, to confirm its potential as a fruit preservative more concentrations must be tested. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Deuchande
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Fundo
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Rodrigues
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Iyad Abudiab
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Durão
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
- Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Carvalho
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Lúcia Silva Oliveira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Amaro
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
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Ghasemi M, Zahedi M, Gheysari M, Sabzalian MR. Effects of inoculation with four mycorrhizal species on seed phenolic and fatty acids of sesame plants grown under different irrigation regimes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16482. [PMID: 37777517 PMCID: PMC10542764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the interaction effects of irrigation level (well-watered and water stress conditions) and inoculation by different mycorrhizal species (non-inoculated, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus irregularis, Claroideoglomus claroideum, and Glomus fasciculatum) on mycorrhizal colonization, antioxidant activity, seed yield and oil quality of two sesame cultivars (Yekta and Naz). Water deficit decreased mycorrhizal colonization, seed yield and oil concentration but increased antioxidant activity and seed total phenol and flavonoid concentrations. However, mycorrhizal inoculation increased antioxidant activity, seed yield, oil concentration and total phenolic and flavonoids. The lowest reduction by water stress and the highest increase by inoculation in seed yield were observed in Naz plants inoculated by Cl. claroideum. Principal component analysis showed the highest differentiation effect of water stress compared to mycorrhizal inoculation on both cultivars, indicating the relative sensitivity of the two cultivars to water deficit. However, the application of different species of mycorrhizal fungi versus the non-inoculation conditions was somewhat discriminative. In terms of fatty acids, in most cases, water stress increased oleic, palmitic and stearic acids and decreased linoleic and linolenic acids but inoculation increased oleic and linoleic acids and decreased linolenic, palmitic and stearic acids. Regarding phenolic and flavonoids components, the contents of chlorogenic and caffeic acids were increased by water stress but no consistent trend was noted in response to water stress for the other compounds. Mycorrhizal inoculation generally decreased chlorogenic acid but increased gallic, caffeic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acids. In conclusion, the results of the present study may help to increase the level of valuable compounds in sesame for further pharmaceutical purposes under water stress conditions and mycorrhizal symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Ghasemi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Morteza Zahedi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gheysari
- Department of Water and Science Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Sabzalian
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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Saikaew K, Siripornadulsil W, Siripornadulsil S. Improvements in the color, phytochemical, and antioxidant properties of frozen ripe mango pieces using calcium chloride dipping and chitosan coating. J Food Sci 2023; 88:3239-3254. [PMID: 37458283 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influences of a dipping/coating composed of calcium chloride (CaCl2 ) or chitosan on the quality of ripe mango pieces during frozen storage for 6 months. The fruits were dipped in solutions with concentrations of 0.5% and 1% for different times (15 or 30 min for CaCl2 and 1 or 15 min for chitosan). We found that treatment with 1% CaCl2 for 30 min significantly retarded the color changes with the highest L* (p < 0.05) and the lowest of b* and ∆E (p ≥ 0.05). Interestingly, treatment with 0.5% CaCl2 for 30 min significantly preserved the contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids and the antioxidant activities at values higher than the control levels, as determined by DPPH and ABTS assays (p < 0.05). Moreover, treatment with 0.5%-1% chitosan for 1 min effectively delayed the loss of moisture and weight. The results indicate that dipping in CaCl2 is an alternative simple food processing technique for improving the quality of ripe mango pieces during frozen storage that effectively delays the color changes and preserves the antioxidant content and activity. HIGHLIGHTS: The coating of frozen ripe mango pieces with CaCl2 and chitosan was first investigated. CaCl2 effectively retarded the color change during storage and after thawing. Chitosan effectively delayed the loss of moisture and weight of mango pulp. Coating with 0.5% CaCl2 for 30 min maintained the phytochemicals and antioxidant activities. Coating treatment can preserve mango qualities and could be commercialized with cost savings. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The present article proposes a strategy that effectively delays the physicochemical changes and preserves the nutritional properties of mango fruit and could be commercialized with cost savings. A frozen mango can either be consumed (ready-to-eat frozen mango) or used as a food raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawinchaya Saikaew
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wilailak Siripornadulsil
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Surasak Siripornadulsil
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Waheed A, Haxim Y, Kahar G, Islam W, Ahmad M, Khan KA, Ghramh HA, Alqahtani FM, Hashemand M, Daoyuan Z. Jasmonic acid boosts the salt tolerance of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by upregulating its osmolytes and antioxidant mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:91237-91246. [PMID: 37474859 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
As a lipid-derived compound, jasmonic acid (JA) regulates growth and defense against environmental stresses. An exogenous foliar JA application was investigated in our study (HA; 0.5 mM) on kidney bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown under different salinity stress concentrations (0, 75, and 150 mM NaCl). According to the results, salt concentrations were related to an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, whereas they declined the chlorophyll content index. In contrast, JA application decreased the level of MDA but increased the chlorophyll content index. Moreover, increasing salinity levels increased proline, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, free amino acid concentrations, and shikimic acid concentrations, as well as the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD). In addition, JA applications further increased their concentrations with increasing salinity stress levels. JA application increases salt-induced osmolytes and non-enzymatic antioxidants while increasing enzymatic antioxidant activity, suggesting kidney beans have a strong antioxidant mechanism, which can adapt to salinity stress. Our results showed that exogenous JA foliar applications could enhance the salt tolerance ability of kidney bean plants by upregulating their antioxidant mechanism and osmolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Waheed
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Resource Utilization in Arid Areas, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Yakupjan Haxim
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Resource Utilization in Arid Areas, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Gulnaz Kahar
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Resource Utilization in Arid Areas, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Waqar Islam
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Resource Utilization in Arid Areas, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University, Peshawar, 24420, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Applied College, King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed A Ghramh
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah M Alqahtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hashemand
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhang Daoyuan
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Resource Utilization in Arid Areas, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
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Zhao H, Shen C, Hao Q, Fan M, Liu X, Wang J. Metabolic profiling and gene expression analysis reveal the quality deterioration of postharvest toon buds between two different storage temperatures. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1142840. [PMID: 37021311 PMCID: PMC10067724 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1142840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Toon buds, a popular woody vegetable, contain large amounts of nutrients. However, toon buds have strong respiratory metabolism after harvest and are highly prone to decay, resulting in quality deterioration. Low temperature can effectively inhibit postharvest senescence of toon buds. GC-TOF-MS combined with quantitative real-time PCR was used to elucidate the toon bud deterioration mechanism after harvest by analyzing the difference in the relative contents of primary metabolites and their derivatives, and the expression of key genes associated with metabolic pathways in toon buds between low temperature and room temperature storages for 72 h. Results showed that the ethylene synthesis in toon buds accelerated under room temperature storage, along with significant changes in the primary metabolic pathway. The catabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, and cell membrane phospholipids was accelerated, and the gluconeogenesis synthesis was strengthened. Moreover, the sucrose synthesis was increased, the glycolysis and TCA cycle were broken down, and the pentose phosphate pathway was vigorous. As metabolic intermediates, organic acids were considerably accumulated. Moreover, varieties of toxic compounds were produced in parallel with the activation of aromatic compounds. This work provided a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic regulation, thereby revealing how low and room temperatures differentially influenced the quality deterioration of postharvest toon buds.
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Valerga L, González RE, Pérez MB, Concellón A, Cavagnaro PF. Differential and Cultivar-Dependent Antioxidant Response of Whole and Fresh-Cut Carrots of Different Root Colors to Postharvest UV-C Radiation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1297. [PMID: 36986985 PMCID: PMC10053824 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fresh-cut produce have become widely popular, increasing vegetable consumption in many parts of the word. However, they are more perishable than unprocessed fresh vegetables, requiring cold storage to preserve their quality and palatability. In addition to cold storage, UV radiation has been used experimentally to try to increase nutritional quality and postharvest shelf life, revealing increased antioxidant levels in some fruits and vegetables, including orange carrots. Carrot is one of the main whole and fresh-cut vegetables worldwide. In addition to orange carrots, other root color phenotypes (e.g., purple, yellow, red) are becoming increasingly popular in some markets. The effect of the UV radiation and cold storage has not been explored in these root phenotypes. This study investigated the effect of postharvest UV-C radiation in whole and fresh-cut (sliced and shredded) roots of two purple, one yellow, and one orange-rooted cultivar, with regard to changes in concentration of total phenolics (TP) and hydroxycinnamic acids (HA), chlorogenic acid (CGA), total and individual anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity (by DPPH and ABTS), and superficial color appearance, monitoring such changes during cold storage. Results revealed that the UV-C radiation, the fresh-cut processing, and the cold storage influenced the content of antioxidant compounds and activities to varying extents, depending on the carrot cultivar, the degree of processing, and the phytochemical compound analyzed. UV-C radiation increased antioxidant capacity up to 2.1, 3.8, 2.5-folds; TP up to 2.0, 2.2, and 2.1-folds; and CGA up to 3.2, 6.6, and 2.5-folds, relative to UV-C untreated controls, for orange, yellow, and purple carrots, respectively. Anthocyanin levels were not significantly modified by the UV-C in both purple carrots evaluated. A moderate increase in tissue browning was found in some fresh-cut processed UV-C treated samples of yellow and purple but not orange roots. These data suggest variable potential for increasing functional value by UV-C radiation in different carrot root colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Valerga
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1425, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta, La Consulta, San Carlos, Mendoza M5567, Argentina
| | - Roxana E. González
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta, La Consulta, San Carlos, Mendoza M5567, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza M5502, Argentina
| | - María B. Pérez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1425, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta, La Consulta, San Carlos, Mendoza M5567, Argentina
| | - Analía Concellón
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1425, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), La Plata B1900, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1900, Argentina
| | - Pablo F. Cavagnaro
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1425, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta, La Consulta, San Carlos, Mendoza M5567, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Chacras de Coria M5528, Argentina
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Hong C, Zhao YM, Zhou C, Guo Y, Ma H. Ultrasonic washing as an abiotic elicitor to increase the phenolic content in fruits and vegetables: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:785-808. [PMID: 36541199 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonic washing has been widely applied to the postharvest storage of fruits and vegetables as a residue-free physical washing technology, which plays an important role in improving shelf-life, safety, and nutritional value. Phenolics are a large group of phytochemicals widespread in fruits and vegetables, and they have been considered potential protective factors against some diseases because of potent antioxidative properties. Previous studies have shown that ultrasonic washing can increase the phenolic content of fruits and vegetables immediately or during storage through the induction of plant stress responses, which is of great significance for improving the functional and nutritional value of fruits and vegetables. However, the mechanisms of ultrasound as an elicitor to improve the phenolic content remain controversial. Therefore, this review summarizes the applications of ultrasonic washing to increase the phenolic content in fruits and vegetables. Meanwhile, the corresponding physiological stress response mechanisms of the phenolic accumulation in terms of immediate stress responses (i.e., higher extractability of phenolics) and late stress responses (i.e., metabolism of phenolics) are expounded. Moreover, a hypothetical model is proposed to explain phenolic biosynthesis triggered by signaling molecules produced under ultrasound stress, including primary signal (i.e., extracellular adenosine triphosphate) and secondary signals (e.g., reactive oxygen species, Ca2+ , NO, jasmonates, and ethylene). Additionally, the techno-economic feasibility of ultrasonic washing technology is also discussed. Further, challenges and trends for further development of ultrasonic washing as an abiotic elicitor applied to the postharvest storage of fruits and vegetables are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cunshan Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiting Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Fugate KK, Finger FL, Lafta AM, Dogramaci M, Khan MFR. Wounding rapidly alters transcription factor expression, hormonal signaling, and phenolic compound metabolism in harvested sugarbeet roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1070247. [PMID: 36684748 PMCID: PMC9853395 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1070247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Injuries sustained by sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) roots during harvest and postharvest operations seriously reduce the yield of white sugar produced from stored roots. Although wound healing is critically important to reduce losses, knowledge of these processes is limited for this crop as well as for roots in other species. To better understand the metabolic signals and changes that occur in wounded roots, dynamic changes in gene expression were determined by RNA sequencing and the activity of products from key genes identified in this analysis were determined in the 0.25 to 24 h following injury. Nearly five thousand differentially expressed genes that contribute to a wide range of cellular and molecular functions were identified in wounded roots. Highly upregulated genes included transcription factor genes, as well as genes involved in ethylene and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and signaling and phenolic compound biosynthesis and polymerization. Enzyme activities for key genes in ethylene and phenolic compound biosynthesis and polymerization also increased due to wounding. Results indicate that wounding causes a major reallocation of metabolism in sugarbeet taproots. Although both ethylene and JA are likely involved in triggering wound responses, the greater and more sustained upregulation of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes relative to those of JA, suggest a preeminence of ethylene signaling in wounded sugarbeet roots. Changes in gene expression and enzymes involved in phenolic compound metabolism additionally indicate that barriers synthesized to seal off wounds, such as suberin or lignin, are initiated within the first 24 h after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen K. Fugate
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Fernando L. Finger
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Viҫosa, Viҫosa, Brazil
| | - Abbas M. Lafta
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Munevver Dogramaci
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Mohamed F. R. Khan
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
- University of Minnesota Extension Service, St. Paul, MN, United States
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11
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Hong C, Zhou HC, Zhao YM, Ma H. Ultrasonic washing as an abiotic elicitor to induce the accumulation of phenolics of fresh-cut red cabbages: Effects on storage quality and microbial safety. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1006440. [PMID: 36407509 PMCID: PMC9670152 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1006440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonic washing has been proved to be an abiotic elicitor to induce the accumulation of phenolics in some fruit and vegetables. However, the feasibility of ultrasonic washing on the accumulation of phenolics in fresh-cut red cabbages has not yet been reported. Therefore, the effects of ultrasonic washing on the phenolics and related phenolic metabolism enzymes of fresh-cut red cabbages, as well as quality and microbial safety during cold storage, were investigated. Firstly, the single-factor tests were used to optimize the ultrasonic processing parameters, including frequency mode, frequency amplitude, power density, frequency cycle time, and ultrasonic washing. Then the activities of the enzymes related to phenolic metabolisms after optimal ultrasound treatment were investigated, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD). Additionally, the quality and microbial safety of fresh-cut red cabbages stored at 4°C under the optimal ultrasound treatment were evaluated. The results showed that the content of soluble phenolics (SPs) in fresh-cut red cabbages increased significantly during storage under the optimal conditions (28 ± 2 kHz, 60 W/L, 400 ms, and 20 min) compared with the control (P < 0.05). The PAL activity was activated and the PPO and POD activities were inhibited after ultrasonic washing, which contributed to the increase in the content of SPs. Meanwhile, the storage quality and microbial safety of fresh-cut red cabbages were improved. Ultrasonic washing reduced the weight loss and respiration rate and improved the color and texture characteristics. Additionally, the fresh-cut red cabbages after ultrasonic washing showed more retention of ascorbic acid (AA), total soluble proteins (TSPs), total soluble sugars (TSSs), and total soluble solids (SSs) compared with the control. Finally, ultrasonic washing effectively inhibited the growth of bacteria, molds and yeasts, which is beneficial to the extension of the shelf-life of fresh-cut red cabbages. Therefore, ultrasonic washing can be used as a tool to increase the content of SPs in fresh-cut red cabbages while retaining quality attributes and microbial safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hong-Chang Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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12
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Ahmadi T, Shabani L, Sabzalian MR. Light emitting diodes improved the metabolism of rosmarinic acid and amino acids at the transcriptional level in two genotypes of Melissa officinalis L. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:1055-1069. [PMID: 36043232 DOI: 10.1071/fp21364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we used different LEDs to evaluate their effect on metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming of two genotypes (Ilam and Isfahan) of lemon balm grown under narrow-band LED lighting. Lemon balm plants were grown in four incubators equipped with artificial lighting and subjected to four LED lamps [White, Blue, Red, and mixed RB (Red+Blue) (70%:30%)] and in greenhouse conditions for 7weeks. The results showed significant increases in leaf number, pigment and soluble sugar contents, secondary metabolites, and calcium, magnesium, potassium and amino acid contents achieved in growth under mixed RB LEDs. As observed for the content of total phenolics, rosmarinic acid, and amino acids, the expression of genes involved in their production, including TAT , RAS , and DAHPS were also enhanced due to the mixed RB LED lighting. The best condition for both the plant growth and expression of genes was under the mixture of Red+Blue LED lamps. These observations indicate that the increase in secondary metabolites under mixed Red+Blue lights may be due to the increase in primary metabolites synthesis and the increased expression of genes that play an essential role in the production of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Ahmadi
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Leila Shabani
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran; and Research Institute of Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Sabzalian
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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13
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Dissection of Crop Metabolome Responses to Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Other Nutrient Deficiencies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169079. [PMID: 36012343 PMCID: PMC9409218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop growth and yield often face sophisticated environmental stresses, especially the low availability of mineral nutrients in soils, such as deficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and others. Thus, it is of great importance to understand the mechanisms of crop response to mineral nutrient deficiencies, as a basis to contribute to genetic improvement and breeding of crop varieties with high nutrient efficiency for sustainable agriculture. With the advent of large-scale omics approaches, the metabolome based on mass spectrometry has been employed as a powerful and useful technique to dissect the biochemical, molecular, and genetic bases of metabolisms in many crops. Numerous metabolites have been demonstrated to play essential roles in plant growth and cellular stress response to nutrient limitations. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to summarize the recent advances in the dissection of crop metabolism responses to deficiencies of mineral nutrients, as well as the underlying adaptive mechanisms. This review is intended to provide insights into and perspectives on developing crop varieties with high nutrient efficiency through metabolite-based crop improvement.
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14
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Hu W, Sarengaowa, Guan Y, Feng K. Biosynthesis of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Fresh-Cut Fruits and Vegetables. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:906069. [PMID: 35694311 PMCID: PMC9176389 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.906069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites and widely distributed in higher plants. When plants are subjected to injury stress, the rapid synthesis of more phenols is induced to result in injury defense response for wound healing and repair. Fresh-cut fruits and vegetables undergo substantial mechanical injury caused by pre-preparations such as peeling, coring, cutting and slicing. These processing operations lead to activate the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds as secondary metabolite. Phenolic compounds are important sources of antioxidant activity in fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. The wound-induced biosynthesis and accumulation of phenolic compounds in fresh-cut fruits and vegetables have been widely reported in recent years. This article provides a brief overview of research published over the last decade on the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. It is suggested that fresh-cut processing as mechanical wounding stress can be used as an effective way to improve the nutritional composition and function of fresh-cut produces.
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15
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Peng H, Hu H, Xi K, Zhu X, Zhou J, Yin J, Guo F, Liu Y, Zhu Y. Silicon Nanoparticles Enhance Ginger Rhizomes Tolerance to Postharvest Deterioration and Resistance to Fusarium solani. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:816143. [PMID: 35371177 PMCID: PMC8965286 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.816143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest deterioration of ginger rhizome caused by microorganisms or wound infections causes significant economic losses. Fusarium solani is one of the important causal agents of prevalent ginger disease soft rot across the world. The massive and continuous use of chemical fungicides in postharvest preservation pose risks to human health and produce environmental contamination. Hence, new alternative tools are required to reduce postharvest deterioration and extend the postharvest life of ginger. In this study, the use of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) on the storability of ginger rhizomes during postharvest storage and their resistance to Fusarium solani was investigated. The results showed that 50, 100, and 150 mg L-1 of SiNPs increased the firmness of the ginger rhizome during storage but decreased the decay severity, water loss, total color difference, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS; H2O2 and superoxide anion) accumulation. Specifically, 100 mg L-1 (SiNP100) demonstrated the best effect in the extension of postharvest life and improved the quality of the ginger rhizomes. SiNP100 application increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and the total phenolics and flavonoid contents, thereby reducing the ROS accumulation and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Meanwhile, SiNP100 treatment negatively impacts the peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities, which may have contributed to the lower level of lignin and decreased total color difference. SiNP100 likely decreased water loss and the transfer of water by altering the expression of aquaporin genes. Moreover, SiNP100 modulated the expression of lignin synthesis and phytopathogenic responses genes including MYB and LysM genes. Furthermore, SiNP100 inhibited Fusarium solani by preventing the penetration of hyphae into cells, thus decreasing the severity of postharvest pathogenic decay. In summary, this study revealed the physiology and molecular mechanisms of SiNPs-induced tolerance to postharvest deterioration and resistance to disease, which provides a foundation for using SiNPs resources as a promising alternative tool to maintain ginger quality and control postharvest diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Haijun Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Keyong Xi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiongmeng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Junliang Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Fengling Guo
- Institute of Economic Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqing Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yongxing Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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16
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Noonim P, Venkatachalam K. Combination of salicylic acid and ultrasonication for alleviating chilling injury symptoms of longkong. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Chilling injury is a prominent physiological disorder in longkong fruit pericarp when stored under 13 °C for a prolonged period. This study aimed to investigate the effects of individual salicylic acid (SA) and ultrasonication (US) treatments and of the combination salicylic acid and ultrasonication (SA-US) on alleviating the chilling injury symptoms in longkong fruit pericarp when in prolonged cold storage.
Materials and methods
SA (1 mmol/L) and US (40 kHz, 10 min at 90% amplitude, 350 W) were used as individual and combined (SA-US) treatments to control the chilling injury in longkong pericarp. The various quality measures were checked every 2 days in longkong for up to 18 days of cold storage (13 °C, 90% relative humidity).
Results
The results revealed that the control fruits treated with water exhibited severe chilling injury symptoms followed in rank order by US, SA, and SA-US cases. Treatments such as US and SA alone were more effective in controlling chilling injuries than control, while only minimal significant differences were noticed between them. On the other hand, the longkong pericarp treated with the SA-US combination had significantly increased antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and decreased levels of membrane lytic (phospholipase D and lipoxygenase) enzymes and browning-inducing enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase and polyphenol oxidase). Consequently, in the longkong pericarp, the chilling injury index, electrolytic leakage, respiration rate, weight loss, firmness, malondialdehyde content, changes in unsaturated and saturated fatty acid contents, and reactive oxygen species were significantly controlled by this treatment.
Conclusions
The present study concludes that longkong fruit treatment with a combination of US and SA is an excellent alternative for controlling the chilling injury symptoms and extending the shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramee Noonim
- Faculty of Innovative Agriculture and Fishery Establishment Project, Prince of Songkla University Surat Thani Campus, Makham Tia, Mueang, Surat Thani, Thailand
| | - Karthikeyan Venkatachalam
- Faculty of Innovative Agriculture and Fishery Establishment Project, Prince of Songkla University Surat Thani Campus, Makham Tia, Mueang, Surat Thani, Thailand
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17
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Kumari A, Dogra V, Joshi R, Kumar S. Stress-Responsive cis-Regulatory Elements Underline Podophyllotoxin Biosynthesis and Better Performance of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum Under Water Deficit Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:751846. [PMID: 35058943 PMCID: PMC8764236 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.751846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sinopodophyllum hexandrum is an endangered medicinal herb known for its bioactive lignan podophyllotoxin (PTOX), which is used for the preparation of anticancer drugs. In its natural habitat, S. hexandrum is exposed to a multitude of adversities, such as fluctuating temperatures, water deficit, and high UV radiations. Transcriptional regulation of genes, which is regulated by the condition-specific binding of transcriptional factors to precise motifs in the promoter region, underlines responses to an environmental cue. Therefore, analysis of promoter sequences could ascertain the spatio-temporal expression of genes and overall stress responses. Unavailability of genomic information does not permit such analysis in S. hexandrum, especially on regulation of PTOX pathway. Accordingly, this study describes isolation and in silico analysis of 5'-upstream regions of ShPLR (PINORESINOL-LARICIRESINOL REDUCTASE) and ShSLD (SECOISOLARICIRESINOL DEHYDROGENASE), the two key genes of the PTOX biosynthetic pathway. Data showed a range of motifs related to basal transcription, stress-responsive elements, such as those for drought, low temperature, and light, suggesting that the expression of these genes and resulting PTOX accumulation would be affected by, at least, these environmental cues. While the impact of temperature and light on PTOX accumulation is well studied, the effect of water deficit on the physiology of S. hexandrum and PTOX accumulation remains obscure. Given the presence of drought-responsive elements in the promoters of the key genes, the impact of water deficit on growth and development and PTOX accumulation was studied. The results showed decline in relative water content and net photosynthetic rate, and increase in relative electrolyte leakage with stress progression. Plants under stress exhibited a reduction in transpiration rate and chlorophyll content, with a gradual increase in osmoprotectant content. Besides, stressed plants showed an increase in the expression of genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway and PTOX biosynthesis, and an increase in PTOX accumulation. Upon re-watering, non-irrigated plants showed a significant improvement in biochemical and physiological parameters. Summarily, our results demonstrated the importance of osmoprotectants during water deficit and the revival capacity of the species from water deficit, wherein PTOX synthesis was also modulated. Moreover, isolated promoter sequences could be employed in genetic transformation to mediate the expression of stress-induced genes in other plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kumari
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vivek Dogra
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rohit Joshi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Nwafor EO, Lu P, Zhang Y, Liu R, Peng H, Xing B, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Chlorogenic acid: Potential source of natural drugs for the therapeutics of fibrosis and cancer. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101294. [PMID: 34861551 PMCID: PMC8640119 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis and cancer is described by some epidemiological studies as chronic stages of different disease conditions typically characterized by uncontrolled accumulation of extra-cellular matrix (ECM), thereby leading to inflammation of tissues and organ (lungs, heart, liver and kidney) dysfunction. It is highly prevalent, and contributes to increased mortality rate worldwide. Currently, the therapeutical approaches involving selected medications (bemcentinib, pirfenidone and nintedanib) obtained synthetically, and used in clinical practices for fibrosis and cancer management and treatment has shown to be unsatisfactorily, especially during progressive stages of the disease. With regards to finding a more potent, effective, and promising curative for fibrosis and cancer, there is need for continuous experimental studies universally. However, phytochemical constituents’ particularly phenolic compounds [Chlorogenic acid (CGA)] obtained from coffee, and coffee beans have been predominantly utilized in experimental studies, due to its multiple pharmacological properties against various disease forms. Considering its natural source alongside minimal toxicity level, CGA, a major precursor of coffee have gained considerable attention nowadays from researchers worldwide, owing to its wide, efficacious and beneficial action against fibrosis and cancer. Interestingly, the safety of CGA has been proven. Furthermore, numerous experimental studies have also deduced massive remarkable outcomes in the use of CGA clinically, as a potential drug candidate against treatment of fibrosis and cancer. In the course of this review article, we systematically discussed the beneficial contributions of CGA with regards to its source, absorption, metabolism, mechanistic effects, and molecular mechanisms against different fibrosis and cancer categorization, which might be a prospective remedy in the future. Moreover, we also highlighted CGA (in vitro and in vivo analytical studies) defensive effects against various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebuka-Olisaemeka Nwafor
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Peng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Bin Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yiting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kuibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China.
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19
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Non-Thermal Technologies as Tools to Increase the Content of Health-Promoting Compounds in Whole Fruits and Vegetables While Retaining Quality Attributes. Foods 2021; 10:foods10122904. [PMID: 34945455 PMCID: PMC8700192 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables contain health-promoting compounds. However, their natural concentration in the plant tissues is low and in most cases is not sufficient to exert the expected pharmacological effects. The application of wounding stress as a tool to increase the content of bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables has been well characterized. Nevertheless, its industrial application presents different drawbacks. For instance, during the washing and sanitizing steps post-wounding, the primary wound signal (extracellular adenosine triphosphate) that elicits the stress-induced biosynthesis of secondary metabolites is partially removed from the tissue. Furthermore, detrimental reactions that affect the quality attributes of fresh produce are also activated by wounding. Therefore, there is a need to search for technologies that emulate the wound response in whole fruits and vegetables while retaining quality attributes. Herein, the application of non-thermal technologies (NTTs) such as high hydrostatic pressure, ultrasound, and pulsed electric fields are presented as tools for increasing the content of health-promoting compounds in whole fruits and vegetables by inducing a wound-like response. The industrial implementation and economic feasibility of using NTTs as abiotic elicitors is also discussed. Whole fruits and vegetables with enhanced levels of bioactive compounds obtained by NTT treatments could be commercialized as functional foods.
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20
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Li T, Liu JX, Deng YJ, Xu ZS, Xiong AS. Overexpression of a carrot BCH gene, DcBCH1, improves tolerance to drought in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:475. [PMID: 34663216 PMCID: PMC8522057 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carrot (Daucus carota L.), an important root vegetable, is very popular among consumers as its taproot is rich in various nutrients. Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt, and low temperature, are the main factors that restrict the growth and development of carrots. Non-heme carotene hydroxylase (BCH) is a key regulatory enzyme in the β-branch of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, upstream of the abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis pathway. RESULTS In this study, we characterized a carrot BCH encoding gene, DcBCH1. The expression of DcBCH1 was induced by drought treatment. The overexpression of DcBCH1 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in enhanced tolerance to drought, as demonstrated by higher antioxidant capacity and lower malondialdehyde content after drought treatment. Under drought stress, the endogenous ABA level in transgenic A. thaliana was higher than that in wild-type (WT) plants. Additionally, the contents of lutein and β-carotene in transgenic A. thaliana were lower than those in WT, whereas the expression levels of most endogenous carotenogenic genes were significantly increased after drought treatment. CONCLUSIONS DcBCH1 can increase the antioxidant capacity and promote endogenous ABA levels of plants by regulating the synthesis rate of carotenoids, thereby regulating the drought resistance of plants. These results will help to provide potential candidate genes for plant drought tolerance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuan-Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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21
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Mudau HS, Mokoboki HK, Ravhuhali KE, Mkhize Z. Nutrients Profile of 52 Browse Species Found in Semi-Arid Areas of South Africa for Livestock Production: Effect of Harvesting Site. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102127. [PMID: 34685937 PMCID: PMC8538619 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of these browse plant species as feed supplements to livestock is restricted due to a lack of knowledge about their nutritional status. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of woody browse species found in a semi-arid, as influenced by harvesting, site (Limpopo and North West Province). Limpopo had a Glenrosa, Mispah and Lithosols (GM-L) soil type and North West sites had an Aeolian Kalahari sand, Clovelly and Hutton (AKS-CH) soil type. Fresh leaves from fifty-two trees (five trees per species) were randomly selected and harvested from the site by hand-picking. Limpopo had forty-five browse species and North West had twenty-one browse species, respectively. The samples were air dried at room temperature and ground for laboratory analysis (nutritive value). The data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (for those species that were not common in both sites) and two-way factorial (for those species that were common in both sites) in a completely randomized design. In the GM-L soil type, M. azedarach (223.2 g/kg DM) had the highest (p < 0.05) crude protein content (CP), whereas in the AKS-CH soil type, V. hebeclada (189.2 g/kg DM) had the highest (p < 0.05) CP content. Within each species, V. nilotica. Subsp. Krasssiana had the highest (p < 0.05) dry matter digestibility (725.4 g/kg DM), non-fibrous carbohydrates (607.3 g/kg DM), digestible energy (3.375 Mcal/kg) and metabolizable energy (2.771) content when compared to all the other browse species in both GM-L and AKS-CH soils. Melia azedarach in GM-L had the highest (p < 0.05) values in most amino acids’ parameters measured when compared to the same species in AKS-CH. Though the harvesting site had an effect on the nutritive value, all species, irrespective of the harvesting site, had sufficient CP to be used as a supplement to livestock exposed to the low-quality roughages. The results from this study will be useful for farmers and researchers through the provision of relevant information on how to improve livestock production. There is a need to run in vivo trials to determine the best species suitable for livestock sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humbelani Silas Mudau
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Correspondence: (H.S.M.); (K.E.R.)
| | - Hilda Kwena Mokoboki
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Khuliso Emmanuel Ravhuhali
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Correspondence: (H.S.M.); (K.E.R.)
| | - Zimbili Mkhize
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
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22
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Sun X, Zhao F, Liu X. Cellular autofluorescence and browning in trichomes of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris) in response to mechanical stimulation and senescence. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:1186-1198. [PMID: 34600597 DOI: 10.1071/fp21012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is limited information concerning the formation of dot-like browning appearing at the base of trichomes on mature leaves on the Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis). This study confirmed for the first time that enhanced autofluorescence can be induced in the base of trichomes when pressure stimuli is applied to trichomes; the enhanced autofluorescence gradually moves to the top of trichomes and the neighbouring mesophyll tissue within 15min. The excitation of autofluorescence in trichomes was found to be more effective in mature leaves compared to newly emergent leaves. Increased polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation were also detected in the basal region of trichomes that were subjected to mechanical stimuli. Enhanced fluorescence was observed at the top of the trichomes in senescencing leaves. A browning in the base of the trichomes during leaf senescence was observed. In contrast, no browning occurred at the base of the trichomes in leaves that were subject to pressure stimuli. The blue fluorescence in the trichomes in senescent leaves arises mainly from the condensed cytoplasm. No direct evidence was able to prove that the enhanced autofluorescent substances in the trichomes during leaf senescence are the cause of the browning at the early growth stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fanggui Zhao
- Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, SD, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, SD, China
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23
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Effects of Wounding Stress and Storage Temperature on the Accumulation of Chlorogenic Acid Isomers in Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11198891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Wounding stress is an effective strategy to increase the content of bioactive compounds in horticultural crops. Potato tubers subjected to wounding stress accumulate chlorogenic acid (CGA) and CGA isomers (neo-CGA and crypto-CGA), which are phenolics that prevent and treat different chronic and degenerative diseases. In this study, the effects of wounding stress and storage temperature (10 °C and 20 °C for 168 h) on the accumulation of CGA isomers in potatoes were evaluated. Results indicated that CGA accumulation was favored when wounded potatoes were stored at 20 °C for 120 h, obtaining a 1923.1% higher concentration when compared with samples before storage. Furthermore, wounded potatoes stored at 10 °C for 120 h showed the highest neo-CGA increase in concentration (712.2%). Likewise, the highest crypto-CGA concentration (84.9% higher than control samples) was quantified in wounded potatoes stored at 20 °C for 144 h. Based on the results from both the present study and previous reports, a strategy that summarizes effective postharvest stress conditions that induce the accumulation of specific CGA isomers in potatoes is presented. The tissue with an increased content of bioactive compounds could be used as raw material to produce functional foods or could be subjected to downstream processing to produce dietary supplements.
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24
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Ni X, Jin C, Liu A, Chen Y, Hu Y. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses to reveal underlying phenolic acid action in consecutive monoculture problem of Polygonatum odoratum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:362. [PMID: 34364388 PMCID: PMC8349006 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The root rot of fragrant solomonseal (Polygonatum odoratum) has occurred frequently in the traditional P. odoratum cultivating areas in recent years, causing a heavy loss in yield and quality. The phenolic acids in soil, which are the exudates from the P. odoratum root, act as allelochemicals that contribute to the consecutive monoculture problem (CMP) of the medicinal plant. The aim of this study was to get a better understanding of P. odoratum CMP. RESULTS The phenolic acid contents, the nutrient chemical contents, and the enzyme activities related to the soil nutrient metabolism in the first cropping (FC) soil and continuous cropping (CC) soil were determined, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the regulation of the phenolic acids in roots were analyzed. The results showed that five low-molecule-weight phenolic acids were detected both in the CC soil and FC soil, but the phenolic acid contents in the CC soil were significantly higher than those in the FC soil except vanillic acid. The contents of the available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the CC soil were significantly decreased, and the activities of urease and sucrase in the CC soil were significantly decreased. The genomic analysis showed that the phenolic acid anabolism in P. odoratum in the CC soil was promoted. These results indicated that the phenolic acids were accumulated in the CC soil, the nutrient condition in the CC soil deteriorated, and the nitrogen metabolism and sugar catabolism of the CC soil were lowered. Meantime, the anabolism of phenolic acids was increased in the CC plant. CONCLUSIONS The CC system promoted the phenolic acid anabolism in P. odoratum and made phenolic acids accumulate in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Ni
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, China
| | - Chenzhong Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, China
| | - Aiyu Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, China.
| | - Yihong Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, China.
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25
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He L, Teng L, Tang X, Long W, Wang Z, Wu Y, Liao L. Agro-morphological and metabolomics analysis of low nitrogen stress response in Axonopus compressus. AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab022. [PMID: 34234932 PMCID: PMC8256886 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Axonopus compressus also known as carpet grass is a robust, stoloniferous grass that can grow in minimal fertilization and resists well to abiotic and biotic stresses including low nitrogen (LN) stress. This study aimed at characterizing the agro-morphological and metabolome responses to LN in carpet grass leaves. Under LN stress, carpet grass increased yellowness of leaves and root dry matter while reduced turf quality and shoot dry weight. The metabolome comparison between samples from optimum and LN conditions indicated 304 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), which could be classified into 12 major and 31 subclasses. The results revealed that the leaf tissues accumulated more anthocyanins and other flavonoid metabolites under LN stress. Conversely, amino acids, nucleic acids and their derivatives were reduced in response to LN stress. The overall evaluation of individual metabolites and pathways, and previous studies on metabolomes indicated that carpet grass reduced its energy consumption in leaves and increased the level of organic acid metabolism and secondary metabolism in order to resist LN stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- College of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi 343009, China
| | - Li Teng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Xiaomin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Wanwan Long
- College of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi 343009, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yang Wu
- College of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi 343009, China
| | - Li Liao
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
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26
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Guan Y, Hu W, Xu Y, Sarengaowa, Ji Y, Yang X, Feng K. Proteomic analysis validates previous findings on wounding-responsive plant hormone signaling and primary metabolism contributing to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites based on metabolomic analysis in harvested broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica). Food Res Int 2021; 145:110388. [PMID: 34112391 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The plant wound-response is a complex process that generates physiological modifications for protecting the wounded tissue. In this study, tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic analysis was performed to clarify the comprehensive molecular mechanism for the wound-response of broccoli subjected to two wounding intensities (0.04 and 1.85 m2 kg-1 for florets and shreds, respectively). Furthermore, integrated proteomic and metabolomic analysis was performed to reveal the interaction among the critical metabolic pathway responses to wounding. The results show that a total of 399 proteins and 266 proteins were identified as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in florets and shreds broccoli compared to control, respectively. Furthermore, 167 DEPs were detected in shreds broccoli compared to the florets broccoli. Salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene (ET) biosynthesis were more susceptible to being induced by wounding with lower intensities, whereas, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, aliphatic glucosinolate synthesis and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis were more susceptible to being activated by wounding with higher intensities. The activation of starch and sucrose metabolism, TCA cycle, glycolysis, pentose phosphate could provide carbon sources and ATP for the production of amino acids including phenylalanine, valine, threonine, isoleucine, L-methionine, methionine and histidine. The motivation of carbohydrate metabolic pathways and amino acid biosynthesis-related pathways promotes the precursor levels for phenolic substances and glucosinolate synthesis. Furthermore, the accumulation of SA, ET and JA may activated secondary metabolite biosynthesis through the regulation of critical proteins involved in the corresponding metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Guan
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenzhong Hu
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioesources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Yongping Xu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Sarengaowa
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yaru Ji
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaozhe Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ke Feng
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioesources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China
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27
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López-Gámez G, Elez-Martínez P, Martín-Belloso O, Soliva-Fortuny R. Applying Pulsed Electric Fields to Whole Carrots Enhances the Bioaccessibility of Carotenoid and Phenolic Compounds in Derived Products. Foods 2021; 10:1321. [PMID: 34201315 PMCID: PMC8228035 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose the application of pulsed electric fields (PEF) to carrots to obtain derived products with increased phenolic and carotenoid bioaccessibility. For this purpose, juices, purees, and oil-added purees were obtained from whole PEF-treated carrots (five pulses of 3.5 kV cm-1; 0.61 kJ kg-1). In order to obtain shelf-stable products, the effect of a thermal treatment (70 °C for 10 min) was also studied. Carrot juices exhibited the highest carotenoid (43.4 mg/100 g fresh weight) and phenolic (322 mg kg-1 dry weight) contents. However, caffeic and coumaric acid derivatives were highly sensitive to PEF. The phenolic bioaccessibility reached 100% in purees obtained from the PEF-treated carrots, whereas the further thermally treated oil-added purees exhibited the greatest carotenoid bioaccessibility (7.8%). The increase in carotenoid bioaccessibility could be related to their better release and solubilization into micelles. The results suggest that food matrix aspects apart from particle size (e.g., pectin characteristics) are involved in phenolic bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert Soliva-Fortuny
- Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida, Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (G.L.-G.); (P.E.-M.); (O.M.-B.)
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28
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Siadjeu C, Mayland-Quellhorst E, Pande S, Laubinger S, Albach DC. Transcriptome Sequence Reveals Candidate Genes Involving in the Post-Harvest Hardening of Trifoliate Yam Dioscorea dumetorum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10040787. [PMID: 33923758 PMCID: PMC8074181 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Storage ability of trifoliate yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) is restricted by a severe post-harvest hardening (PHH) phenomenon, which starts within the first 24 h after harvest and renders tubers inedible. Previous work has only focused on the biochemical changes affecting PHH in D. dumetorum. To the best of our knowledge, the candidate genes responsible for the hardening of D. dumetorum have not been identified. Here, transcriptome analyses of D. dumetorum tubers were performed in yam tubers of four developmental stages: 4 months after emergence (4MAE), immediately after harvest (AH), 3 days after harvest (3DAH) and 14 days after harvest (14DAH) of four accessions (Bangou 1, Bayangam 2, Fonkouankem 1, and Ibo sweet 3) using RNA-Seq. In total, between AH and 3DAH, 165, 199, 128 and 61 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in Bayangam 2, Fonkouankem 1, Bangou 1 and Ibo sweet 3, respectively. Functional analysis of DEGs revealed that genes encoding for CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A (CESA), XYLAN O-ACETYLTRANSFERASE (XOAT), CHLOROPHYLL A/B BINDING PROTEIN1, 2, 3, 4 (LHCB1, LHCB2, LHCB3, and LCH4) and an MYB transcription factor were predominantly and significantly up-regulated 3DAH, implying that these genes were potentially involved in the PHH as confirmed by qRT-PCR. A hypothetical mechanism of this phenomenon and its regulation has been proposed. These findings provide the first comprehensive insights into gene expression in yam tubers after harvest and valuable information for molecular breeding against the PHH.
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29
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Abdelhameed RE, Abdel Latef AAH, Shehata RS. Physiological Responses of Salinized Fenugreek ( Trigonellafoenum-graecum L.) Plants to Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:657. [PMID: 33808186 PMCID: PMC8067232 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Considering the detrimental effects of salt stress on the physiological mechanisms of plants in terms of growth, development and productivity, intensive efforts are underway to improve plant tolerance to salinity. Hence, an experiment was conducted to assess the impact of the foliar application of salicylic acid (SA; 0.5 mM) on the physiological traits of fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum L.) plants grown under three salt concentrations (0, 75, and 150 mM NaCl). An increase in salt concentration generated a decrease in the chlorophyll content index (CCI); however, the foliar application of SA boosted the CCI. The malondialdehyde content increased in salt-stressed fenugreek plants, while a reduction in content was observed with SA. Likewise, SA application induced an accumulation of proline, total phenolics, and flavonoids. Moreover, further increases in total free amino acids and shikimic acid were observed with the foliar application of SA, in either control or salt-treated plants. Similar results were obtained for ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase with SA application. Hence, we concluded that the foliar application of SA ameliorates salinity, and it is a growth regulator that improves the tolerance of fenugreek plants under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda E. Abdelhameed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef
- Department of Biology, Turabah University College, Turabah Branch, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania S. Shehata
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Owumi SE, Anaikor RA, Arunsi UO, Adaramoye OA, Oyelere AK. Chlorogenic acid co-administration abates tamoxifen-mediated reproductive toxicities in male rats: An experimental approach. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13615. [PMID: 33491243 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reports over the years have demonstrated toxic side effect-including reproductive toxicity- of tamoxifen (TAM), a drug of choice in the management of primary breast cancer. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a dietary polyphenol, reportedly elicits beneficial pharmacological effects. However, the impact of CGA on TAM-associated reproductive toxicity is absent in the literature. We, therefore, experimented on CGA's effect and TAM-mediated reproductive toxicity in rats. Cohorts of rats were treated with TAM (50 mg/kg) or co-treated with CGA (25 or 50 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days. The result showed that treatment of CGA significantly increases testosterone, LH, and FSH levels compared to the TAM group. However, prolactin level was markedly decreased after pretreatment of CGA in TAM-treated rats. CGA abated TAM-induced decreases acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and antioxidant enzymes in the testis. CGA alleviated TAM-facilitated surges of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in rats epididymis and testes. Additionally, CGA increased anti-inflammatory cytokine -interleukin-10-, suppressed caspase-3 activity, and reduced pathological lesions in the examined organs of rats co-treated with CGA and TAM. CGA phytoprotective effect improved reproductive function occasioned by TAM-mediated toxicities in rats, by abating oxido-inflammatory damages and downregulating apoptotic responses. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: CGA protects against the damaging oxido-inflammatory responses incumbent on TAM metabolism. As an antioxidant abundant in plant-derived foods, CGA reportedly protects against inflammatory damage, hypertension, and neurodegenerative diseases. We present evidence that CGA ameliorates TAM-induced reproductive dysfunction by suppressing oxidative and inflammation stress downregulate apoptosis and improve reproductive function biomarker in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon E Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ruth A Anaikor
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Uche O Arunsi
- Cancer Immunology and Biotechnology Center, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Oluwatosin A Adaramoye
- Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adegboyega K Oyelere
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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31
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Viacava F, Ramos-Parra PA, Welti-Chanes J, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing of Whole Carrots: Effect of Static and Multi-Pulsed Mild Intensity Hydrostatic Pressure Treatments on Bioactive Compounds. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020219. [PMID: 33494486 PMCID: PMC7911246 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of static and multi-pulsed mild-intensity high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatments (60 or 100 MPa, ~23 °C) on the extractability and accumulation of phenolics and carotenoids in whole carrots were evaluated. HHP treatments were applied for the time needed to reach the desired pressure (come-up-time, CUT) either as a single pulse or multi-pulse (2P, 3P, and 4P). Likewise, a single sustained treatment (5 min) applied at 60 or 100 MPa was evaluated. Individual carotenoids, free and bound phenolics were quantified after HHP treatment and subsequent storage (48 h, 15 °C). As an immediate HHP response, phenolic extractability increased by 66.65% and 80.77% in carrots treated with 3P 100 MPa and 4P 60 MPa, respectively. After storage, CUT 60 MPa treatment accumulated free (163.05%) and bound (36.95%) phenolics. Regarding carotenoids, total xanthophylls increased by 27.16% after CUT 60 MPa treatment, whereas no changes were observed after storage. Results indicate that HHP processing of whole carrots at mild conditions is a feasible innovative tool to enhance the nutraceutical properties of whole carrots by increasing their free and bound phenolic content while maintaining carotenoid levels. HHP treated carrots can be used as a new functional food or as raw material for the production of food and beverages with enhanced levels of nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Viacava
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico; (F.V.); (P.A.R.-P.); (J.W.-C.)
| | - Perla A. Ramos-Parra
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico; (F.V.); (P.A.R.-P.); (J.W.-C.)
| | - Jorge Welti-Chanes
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico; (F.V.); (P.A.R.-P.); (J.W.-C.)
| | - Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan Jalisco 45201, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-818-358-2000 (ext. 4821)
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UVC light modulates vitamin C and phenolic biosynthesis in acerola fruit: role of increased mitochondria activity and ROS production. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21972. [PMID: 33319819 PMCID: PMC7738507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of ultraviolet-C light (UVC) on vitamin C and phenolic compounds in acerola during postharvest storage were investigated in order to elucidate the mechanism inducing the antioxidant systems. The fruits, stored at 10 °C for 7 days after a hormetic UVC irradiation (two pulses of 0.3 J/cm2), showed significantly less degradation of vitamin C and phenolic compounds than the control without the UVC challenge. UVC activated the L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalDH), a key enzyme for vitamin C biosynthesis, and altered the composition of phenolic compounds, through phenolic biosynthesis, in acerola during postharvest storage. UVC also induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) productions at immediate (day 0) and late (day 7) times during postharvest storage through the mitochondrial electron transport chain and NADPH oxidase, respectively. Results suggest that UVC helps in the retention of vitamin C and phenolic content in acerola by altering ascorbic acid and phenolic metabolism through an increase in mitochondrial activity and a ROS-mediated mechanism. Data showed the beneficial effects of UVC on maintenance of nutraceutical quality in acerola during postharvest storage and supplied new insights into understanding the mechanism by which UVC irradiation enhance the antioxidant system in fruits.
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Vega-Muñoz I, Duran-Flores D, Fernández-Fernández ÁD, Heyman J, Ritter A, Stael S. Breaking Bad News: Dynamic Molecular Mechanisms of Wound Response in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:610445. [PMID: 33363562 PMCID: PMC7752953 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.610445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Recognition and repair of damaged tissue are an integral part of life. The failure of cells and tissues to appropriately respond to damage can lead to severe dysfunction and disease. Therefore, it is essential that we understand the molecular pathways of wound recognition and response. In this review, we aim to provide a broad overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying the fate of damaged cells and damage recognition in plants. Damaged cells release the so-called damage associated molecular patterns to warn the surrounding tissue. Local signaling through calcium (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and hormones, such as jasmonic acid, activates defense gene expression and local reinforcement of cell walls to seal off the wound and prevent evaporation and pathogen colonization. Depending on the severity of damage, Ca2+, ROS, and electrical signals can also spread throughout the plant to elicit a systemic defense response. Special emphasis is placed on the spatiotemporal dimension in order to obtain a mechanistic understanding of wound signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Vega-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Plantas, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Dalia Duran-Flores
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Plantas, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Álvaro Daniel Fernández-Fernández
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jefri Heyman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrés Ritter
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Stael
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
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Lu Q, Wang S, Xue S, Yang D, Li L. Effects of drying methods on phenolic components in different parts of
Chrysanthemum morifolium
flower. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- Institute of Agro‐Products Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Institute of Agro‐Products Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan China
| | - Shujing Xue
- Institute of Agro‐Products Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan China
| | - De Yang
- Institute of Agro‐Products Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan China
| | - Lu Li
- Institute of Agro‐Products Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan China
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Guan Y, Hu W, Jiang A, Xu Y, Zhao M, Yu J, Ji Y, Sarengaowa, Yang X, Feng K. The effect of cutting style on the biosynthesis of phenolics and cellular antioxidant capacity in wounded broccoli. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109565. [PMID: 33233182 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To explore the effect of cutting style on the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds and cellular antioxidant capacity in wounded broccoli subjected to different cutting styles (heads, florets, 1/2 florets and shredded florets), the mechanism of the accumulation of phenolic compounds was investigated at the transcriptional level, and cellular antioxidant capacity was measured using a breast cancer cell MCF-7 culture model. The results indicated that the relative expression of the genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase and 4-coumarin coenzyme A ligase, three enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism, was upregulated and that contributed to the synthesis of individual phenolic compounds, including catechin, hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, sinapic acid, catechin gallate, rutin, cinnamic acid and quercetin. This research constructes the phenol synthesis pathway in wounded broccoli. Moreover, the relative expression of critical genes including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase involved in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased, resulting in enhanced antioxidant capacity in wounded broccoli. Cell antioxidant capacity (CAA) of heads, florets, 1/2 florets and shredded florets increased by 52.7%, 59.2%, 64.8% and 86.5%, respectively, compared to whole broccoli. The enhancement of CAA was greater as the intensity of wounding increased, indicating that enhancement of antioxidant activity occurred at the cellular level. This research helps provide a reliable and persuasive theoretical basis for nutritional value assessment at the cellular level in wounded broccoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Guan
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenzhong Hu
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Aili Jiang
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yongping Xu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Manru Zhao
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jiaoxue Yu
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yaru Ji
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Sarengaowa
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xiaozhe Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ke Feng
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China
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Accumulation of Phenolic Acids during Storage over Differently Handled Fresh Carrots. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101515. [PMID: 33096865 PMCID: PMC7589261 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrots contain a significant content of phenolic compounds, mainly phenolic acids. Technological processing of carrots inflicts wounding stress and induces accumulation of these compounds, especially caffeic acid derivatives, in the periderm tissue. In this study, the effect of minimal processing (polishing, washing, peeling, and grating) on the retention of soluble phenolic acids in carrots was monitored during cold storage. Storage for up to 4 weeks and 24 h was used for whole and grated carrot samples, respectively. Total phenolic acid levels found in differently processed carrots varied greatly at the beginning of the storage period and on dry weight basis they ranged from 228 ± 67.9 mg/kg (grated carrot) to 996 ± 177 mg/kg (machine washed). In each case, processing followed by storage induced phenolic acid accumulation in the carrots. At the end of the experiment (4 weeks at +8 °C), untreated and machine-washed carrots contained ca. 4-fold more phenolic acids than at day 0. Similarly, polished carrots contained 9-fold and peeled carrots 31-fold more phenolic acids than at day 0. The phenolic acid content in grated carrot doubled after 24 h storage at +4 °C. Individual phenolic acids were characterized by high resolution mass spectrometry. MS data strongly suggest the presence of daucic acid conjugates of phenolic acids in carrot. Storage time did not have statistically similar effect on all compounds and generally in a way that dicaffeoyldaucic acid had the highest increase. This research provides important information for primary production, packaging, catering, the fresh-cut industry and consumers regarding the selection of healthier minimally processed carrots.
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Gastélum-Estrada A, Hurtado-Romero A, Santacruz A, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Sanitizing after fresh-cutting carrots reduces the wound-induced accumulation of phenolic antioxidants compared to sanitizing before fresh-cutting. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4995-4998. [PMID: 32478414 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the production of fresh-cut products, crops are exposed to wounding stress, and as a stress response, phenolic antioxidants are synthesized. This stress response is elicited by extracellular adenosine triphosphate, released from wounded cells and recognized by receptors of unwounded cells. The phenolic antioxidants produced as a stress response are beneficial for human health. However, a common practice in the fresh-cut industry is the application of washing/sanitizing procedures after cutting. These procedures could be highly detrimental, since they partially remove the wound signal that elicits the biosynthesis of phenolics in plants. In this study, the impact of different washing/sanitizing treatments post-shredding on the wound-induced accumulation of chlorogenic acid (CHA) in carrot was evaluated. Peeled carrots were shredded and dipped in aqueous solutions containing chlorine (100 ppm, 2 min), hydrogen peroxide (1.5%, 2 min) or water (2 min). The content of CHA in treated carrots was evaluated before and after 48 h of storage (19 ± 2 °C). RESULTS The control carrots sanitized only before peeling and shredding showed 4000% higher content of CHA as compared with time 0 h samples. However, carrots treated with washing/sanitizing procedures post-shredding including water, chlorine and hydrogen peroxide showed a decrease in the accumulation of CHA by 46.9%, 53.6% and 89.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that washing/sanitizing procedures applied after fresh-cutting are potentially detrimental to the wound-induced accumulation of health-promoting compounds during storage of fresh produce. Thus, the fresh-cut industry could consider avoiding washing procedures after cutting and implement alternative sanitizing procedures that avoid the partial removal of the wound signal, such as sanitizing only before cutting. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arlette Santacruz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | - Daniel A Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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38
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Using High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing Come-Up Time as an Innovative Tool to Induce the Biosynthesis of Free and Bound Phenolics in Whole Carrots. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-020-02512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Iorizzo M, Curaba J, Pottorff M, Ferruzzi MG, Simon P, Cavagnaro PF. Carrot Anthocyanins Genetics and Genomics: Status and Perspectives to Improve Its Application for the Food Colorant Industry. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E906. [PMID: 32784714 PMCID: PMC7465225 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purple or black carrots (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef) are characterized by their dark purple- to black-colored roots, owing their appearance to high anthocyanin concentrations. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of black carrot anthocyanins as natural food dyes. Black carrot roots contain large quantities of mono-acylated anthocyanins, which impart a measure of heat-, light- and pH-stability, enhancing the color-stability of food products over their shelf-life. The genetic pathway controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis appears well conserved among land plants; however, different variants of anthocyanin-related genes between cultivars results in tissue-specific accumulations of purple pigments. Thus, broad genetic variations of anthocyanin profile, and tissue-specific distributions in carrot tissues and organs, can be observed, and the ratio of acylated to non-acylated anthocyanins varies significantly in the purple carrot germplasm. Additionally, anthocyanins synthesis can also be influenced by a wide range of external factors, such as abiotic stressors and/or chemical elicitors, directly affecting the anthocyanin yield and stability potential in food and beverage applications. In this study, we critically review and discuss the current knowledge on anthocyanin diversity, genetics and the molecular mechanisms controlling anthocyanin accumulation in carrots. We also provide a view of the current knowledge gaps and advancement needs as regards developing and applying innovative molecular tools to improve the yield, product performance and stability of carrot anthocyanin for use as a natural food colorant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Iorizzo
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.C.); (M.P.); (M.G.F.)
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Julien Curaba
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.C.); (M.P.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Marti Pottorff
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.C.); (M.P.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Mario G. Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.C.); (M.P.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Philipp Simon
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Vegetable Crops Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Pablo F. Cavagnaro
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), National Agricultural Technology Institute (INTA) E.E.A. La Consulta, Mendoza 5567, Argentina;
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza 5505, Argentina
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40
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Moradbeygi H, Jamei R, Heidari R, Darvishzadeh R. Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles induced biochemical responses and expression of genes involved in rosmarinic acid biosynthesis pathway in Moldavian balm under salinity stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 169:555-570. [PMID: 32065661 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of iron oxide nanoparticle (NP) at four concentrations (0, 30, 60 and 90 ppm) and salinity at three levels (0, 50 and 100 mM) were investigated on rosmarinic acid (RA) production in 5-week-old Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) plants. Salinity and spraying iron oxide NPs significantly affected tyrosine (Tyr), phenylalanine (Phe) and proline (Pro) amino acids content, Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase (PAL), Tyrosine Aminotransferase (TAT) and Rosmarinic Acid Synthase (RAS) genes expression levels, RA content, Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO), PAL and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity. PAL, TAT and RAS genes expression rate and content of RA were enhanced in Moldavian balm plants exposed by NaCl + NPs. The results of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that simultaneous application of 50 mM NaCl and 90 ppm NPs increases the RA content in leaf by 81.15% as compared to control plants. The Tyr and Phe contents decreased in Moldavian balm plants exposed to salt stress. Application of NPs had a positive effect on the content of these amino acids. Proline content increased under salinity stress and application of iron NPs induced a significant increase in the Pro content of leaf. The results revealed that PAL, PPO and SOD enzymes activities increased under salinity conditions. The highest activity of PPO and SOD was observed in 100 mM NaCl + 60 ppm NPs treatment. Simultaneous application of 100 mM NaCl + 90 ppm NPs increased the MDA content and DPPH radical scavenging activity compared to control plants. It can be concluded that the application of appropriate levels of NPs moderates the effect of salinity stress in D. moldavica L. and results in an increased amount of RA compared to control plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Moradbeygi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Rashid Jamei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Darvishzadeh
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Designing Next-Generation Functional Food and Beverages: Combining Nonthermal Processing Technologies and Postharvest Abiotic Stresses. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-020-09244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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Sun Y, Gao M, Kang S, Yang C, Meng H, Yang Y, Zhao X, Gao Z, Xu Y, Jin Y, Zhao X, Zhang Z, Han J. Molecular Mechanism Underlying Mechanical Wounding-Induced Flavonoid Accumulation in Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen, an Endangered Tree That Produces Chinese Rosewood. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050478. [PMID: 32353985 PMCID: PMC7291145 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dalbergia odorifera, a critically endangered tree species, produces heartwood containing a vast variety of flavonoids. This heartwood, also known as Chinese rosewood, has high economic and medicinal value, but its formation takes several decades. In this study, we showed that discolored wood induced by pruning displays similar color, structure, and flavonoids content to those of natural heartwood, suggesting that wounding is an efficient method for inducing flavonoid production in D. odorifera. Transcriptome analysis was performed to investigate the mechanism underlying wounding-induced flavonoids production in D. odorifera heartwood. Wounding upregulated the expression of 90 unigenes, which covered 19 gene families of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways, including PAL, C4H, 4CL, CHS, CHI, 6DCS, F3’5’H, F3H, FMO, GT, PMAT, CHOMT, IFS, HI4’OMT, HID, IOMT, I2’H, IFR, and I3’H. Furthermore, 47 upregulated unigenes were mapped to the biosynthesis pathways for five signal molecules (ET, JA, ABA, ROS, and SA). Exogenous application of these signal molecules resulted in the accumulation of flavonoids in cell suspensions of D. odorifera, supporting their role in wounding-induced flavonoid production. Insights from this study will help develop new methods for rapidly inducing the formation of heartwood with enhanced medicinal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Chinese Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.S.); (M.G.); (C.Y.); (Z.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
| | - Mei Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Chinese Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.S.); (M.G.); (C.Y.); (Z.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
| | - Seogchan Kang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Chengmin Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Chinese Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.S.); (M.G.); (C.Y.); (Z.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hui Meng
- Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China; (H.M.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yun Yang
- Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China; (H.M.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiangsheng Zhao
- Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China; (H.M.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhihui Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Chinese Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.S.); (M.G.); (C.Y.); (Z.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yanhong Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Chinese Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.S.); (M.G.); (C.Y.); (Z.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yue Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Chinese Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.S.); (M.G.); (C.Y.); (Z.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Chinese Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.S.); (M.G.); (C.Y.); (Z.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Chinese Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.S.); (M.G.); (C.Y.); (Z.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
- Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China; (H.M.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (J.H.); Tel.: +86-10-57833363 (Z.Z.); +86-10-57833198 (J.H.)
| | - Jianping Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Chinese Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.S.); (M.G.); (C.Y.); (Z.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (J.H.); Tel.: +86-10-57833363 (Z.Z.); +86-10-57833198 (J.H.)
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Viacava F, Santana-Gálvez J, Heredia-Olea E, Pérez-Carrillo E, Nair V, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Sequential application of postharvest wounding stress and extrusion as an innovative tool to increase the concentration of free and bound phenolics in carrots. Food Chem 2020; 307:125551. [PMID: 31648173 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Postharvest wounding stress in carrots induces the accumulation of phenolics, whereas extrusion generates modifications in the nutritional profiles of food matrixes. In the present study, the sequential application of wounding stress and extrusion on total free and bound phenolics as well as on carotenoid profiles of carrots was evaluated. Wounding was applied by shredding carrots and storing the tissue (48 h, 15 °C). The stressed-tissue was dehydrated and extruded at 63 °C or 109 °C and at continuous or expansion screw configurations. Extrudates were milled and sieved before phytochemical analysis. Wounding increased total free (288.1%) and bound (407.6%) phenolic content, whereas the carotenoid content was unaltered. The free and bound phenolics that showed the highest increase due to wounding were the chlorogenic (579.8%) and p-coumaric (390.9%) acids. Extrusion, at 109 °C under expansion screw configuration, further increased the wound-induced accumulation of total free (296.6%) and bound (22.1%) phenolics and induced trans-cis isomerization of β-carotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Viacava
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, C.P. 45138 Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Jesús Santana-Gálvez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, C.P. 45138 Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Erick Heredia-Olea
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Esther Pérez-Carrillo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Vimal Nair
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2133, USA
| | - Luis Cisneros-Zevallos
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2133, USA
| | - Daniel A Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, C.P. 45138 Zapopan, Jal., Mexico.
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Sánchez-Elordi E, Sterling RM, Santiago R, de Armas R, Vicente C, Legaz ME. Increase in cytotoxic lignans production after smut infection in sugar cane plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 244:153087. [PMID: 31816510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Smut infection alters the transcription of dirigent proteins (DIR) by sugarcane plants. Here, we show that these alterations are associated to an elevated production of cytotoxic lignans. Smut-resistant sugarcane varieties display a fivefold increase in pinoresinol and also produce elevated amounts of secoisolariciresinol. Conversely, smut-sensitive varieties do not produce pinoresinol or secoisolariciresinol upon infection, synthesizing instead small amounts of matairesinol. Our data indicate that commercial pinoresinol and secoisolariciresinol seem to prevent smut teliospore germination and sporidia release from sprouted teliospores. Consistently, we observed abundant morphological alterations of sporidia incubated in the presence of these lignans. However, commercial lignans do not block the development of the pathogen in a definitive way. Additional experiments demonstrate that only the extracts from healthy or smut-exposed resistant plants inhibit sporidia growth in vitro, indicating that a specific mixture of lignans from resistant plants is necessary to constitute an effective defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sánchez-Elordi
- Intercellular Communication in Plant Symbiosis Team, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 12, José Antonio Novais Av., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto M Sterling
- Intercellular Communication in Plant Symbiosis Team, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 12, José Antonio Novais Av., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Santiago
- Intercellular Communication in Plant Symbiosis Team, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 12, José Antonio Novais Av., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto de Armas
- Department of Plant Biology, Havana University, Havana City, Cuba
| | - Carlos Vicente
- Intercellular Communication in Plant Symbiosis Team, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 12, José Antonio Novais Av., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Estrella Legaz
- Intercellular Communication in Plant Symbiosis Team, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 12, José Antonio Novais Av., 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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López-Martínez JM, Santana-Gálvez J, Aguilera-González C, Santacruz A, Amaya-Guerra CA, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Effects of carrot puree with enhanced levels of chlorogenic acid on rat cognitive abilities and neural development. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2020.1711813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Melissa López-Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, México
| | | | - Carlos Aguilera-González
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Arlette Santacruz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, México
| | - Carlos Abel Amaya-Guerra
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
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46
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Dabab Nahas L, Al-Husein N, Lababidi G, Hamwieh A. In-silico prediction of novel genes responsive to drought and salinity stress tolerance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223962. [PMID: 31671113 PMCID: PMC6822720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Common wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most widely grown cereal crop and is cultivated extensively in dry regions. Water shortage, resulting from either drought or salinity, leads to slow growth and loss of wheat yield. In order to predict new genes responsive to the drought and salt stresses in wheat, 6,717 expressed sequence tags (ESTs), expressed in drought and salinity stress conditions were collected from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The downloaded ESTs were clustered and assembled into 354 contigs; 14 transcription factor families in 29 contigs were identified. In addition, 119 contigs were organized in five enzyme classes. Biological functions were obtained for only 324 of the 354 contigs using gene ontology. In addition, using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database, 191 metabolic pathways were identified. The remaining contigs were used for further analysis and the search for new genes responsive to drought and salt stresses. These contigs were mapped on the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium RefSeq v1.0 assembly, the most complete version of the reference sequence of the bread wheat variety Chinese Spring. They were found to have from one to three locations on the subgenomes A, B, and D. Full-length gene sequences were designed for these contigs, which were further validated using promoter analysis. These predicted genes may have applications in molecular breeding programs and wheat drought and salinity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Dabab Nahas
- Biotechnology Engineering Dept/Technological Engineering Faculty/University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria
- General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR)/Ministry of Agriculture, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Naim Al-Husein
- General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR)/Ministry of Agriculture, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Ghinwa Lababidi
- Biotechnology Engineering Dept/Technological Engineering Faculty/University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Aladdin Hamwieh
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail:
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47
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Ortega-Hernández E, Nair V, Welti-Chanes J, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Wounding and UVB Light Synergistically Induce the Biosynthesis of Phenolic Compounds and Ascorbic Acid in Red Prickly Pears ( Opuntia ficus-indica cv. Rojo Vigor). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215327. [PMID: 31731568 PMCID: PMC6862142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and wounding stress, applied alone or combined, on the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid in the peel and pulp of red prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica cv. Rojo Vigor). Whole and wounded-fruit samples were treated with UVB radiation (6.4 W·m-2) for 0 and 15 min, and stored for 24 h at 16 °C. Phytochemical analyses were performed separately in the peel and pulp. The highest phenolic accumulation occurred after storage of the whole tissue treated with UVB, where the main phenolic compounds accumulated in the peel and pulp were quercetin, sinapic acid, kaempferol, rosmarinic acid, and sinapoyl malate, showing increases of 709.8%, 570.2%, 442.8%, 439.9%, and 186.2%, respectively, as compared with the control before storage. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity was increased after storage of the whole and wounded tissue treated with UVB light, and this increase in PAL activity was associated to phenolic accumulation. On the other hand, l-galactono-γ-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH) activity and ascorbic acid biosynthesis was enhanced due to UVB radiation, and the effect was increased when UVB was applied in the wounded tissue showing 125.1% and 94.1% higher vitamin C content after storage when compared with the control. Respiration rate was increased due to wounding stress, whereas ethylene production was increased by wounding and UVB radiation in prickly pears. Results allowed the generation of a physiological model explaining the UVB and wound-induced accumulation of phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid in prickly pears, where wounding facilitates UVB to access the underlying tissue and enhances an apparent synergistic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ortega-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, Colonia Nuevo Mexico, Zapopan 45138, Jal., Mexico;
| | - Vimal Nair
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2133, USA; (V.N.); (L.C.-Z.)
| | - Jorge Welti-Chanes
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Colonia Tecnologico, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico;
| | - Luis Cisneros-Zevallos
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2133, USA; (V.N.); (L.C.-Z.)
| | - Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, Colonia Nuevo Mexico, Zapopan 45138, Jal., Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-33-3669-3000 (ext. 2396)
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Guan Y, Hu W, Jiang A, Xu Y, Sa R, Feng K, Zhao M, Yu J, Ji Y, Hou M, Yang X. Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on Phenolic Accumulation in Wounded Broccoli. Molecules 2019; 24:E3537. [PMID: 31574924 PMCID: PMC6804049 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to find an efficient way for broccoli to increase the phenolic content, this study intended primarily to elucidate the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment on the phenolic accumulation in broccoli. The optimum concentration of MeJA was studied first, and 10 μM MeJA was chosen as the most effective concentration to improve the phenolic content in wounded broccoli. Furthermore, in order to elucidate the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment on phenolic biosynthesis in broccoli, the key enzyme activities of phenylpropanoid metabolism, the total phenolic content (TPC), individual phenolic compounds (PC), antioxidant activity (AOX) and antioxidant metabolism-associated enzyme activities were investigated. Results show that MeJA treatment stimulated phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumarin coenzyme A ligase (4CL) enzymes activities in phenylpropanoid metabolism, and inhibited the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and further accelerated the accumulation of the wound-induced rutin, caffeic acid, and cinnamic acid accumulation, which contributed to the result of the total phenolic content increasing by 34.8% and ferric reducing antioxidant power increasing by 154.9% in broccoli. These results demonstrate that MeJA in combination with wounding stress can induce phenylpropanoid metabolism for the wound-induced phenolic accumulation in broccoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Guan
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Wenzhong Hu
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Aili Jiang
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Yongping Xu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Rengaowa Sa
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Ke Feng
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Manru Zhao
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Jiaoxue Yu
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Yaru Ji
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Mengyang Hou
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Xiaozhe Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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Phytochemicals in Daucus carota and Their Health Benefits-Review Article. Foods 2019; 8:foods8090424. [PMID: 31546950 PMCID: PMC6770766 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrots are a multi-nutritional food source. They are an important root vegetable, rich in natural bioactive compounds, which are recognised for their nutraceutical effects and health benefits. This review summarises the occurrence, biosynthesis, factors affecting concentration, and health benefits of phytochemicals found in Daucus carota. Two hundred and fifty-five articles including original research papers, books, and book chapters were analysed, of which one hundred and thirty articles (most relevant to the topic) were selected for writing the review article. The four types of phytochemicals found in carrots, namely phenolics, carotenoids, polyacetylenes, and ascorbic acid, were summarised. These chemicals aid in the risk reduction of cancer and cardiovascular diseases due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, plasma lipid modification, and anti-tumour properties. Numerous factors influence the amount and type of phytochemicals present in carrots. Genotype (colour differences) plays an important role; high contents of α and β-carotene are present in orange carrots, lutein in yellow carrots, lycopene in red carrots, anthocyanins in the root of purple carrots, and phenolic compounds abound in black carrots. Carotenoids range between 3.2 mg/kg and 170 mg/kg, while vitamin C varies from 21 mg/kg to 775 mg/kg between cultivars. Growth temperatures of carrots influence the level of the sugars, carotenoids, and volatile compounds, so that growing in cool conditions results in a higher yield and quality of carrots, while higher temperatures would increase terpene synthesis, resulting in carrots with a bitter taste. It is worthwhile to investigate the cultivation of different genotypes under various environmental conditions to increase levels of phytochemicals and enhance the nutritional value of carrot, along with the valorisation of carrot by-products.
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50
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Pedroza Cruz RR, Souto Ribeiro W, de Melo Silva S, Finger FL, Zanuncio JC, Corrêa EB, Bruno RDLA, Fugate KK, Bezerra da Costa F, Araújo RHCR. Healing of Gladioulus grandiflora corms and Fusarium oxysporum infection. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:e1652520. [PMID: 31409224 PMCID: PMC6768183 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1652520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gladiolus grandiflorus L. is highly susceptible to Fusarium and losses caused by this disease varies from 60% to 100%. Injuries caused during harvest, transport and inadequate storage, facilitate infection. The dynamics of wound healing can reduce infection by Fusarium. The objective was to characterize the wound healing in corms of G. grandiflora stored under refrigeration and how it affects the entry and establishment of F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli infection. Corms were wounded and stored at 12 ± 4°C and relative humidity of 90 ± 5%. Cell damage, fresh weight loss, respiration, phenolic compounds, tissue darkening, suberization, lignification and resistance to infection were evaluated. Wounds on corms caused transepidermal damage with collapse and cell death. Physiological (increased loss of mass and respiration) and biochemical changes (deposition of lignin and suberin, enzymatic activity) occurred in the cells neighboring those death by the injury. The injury caused gradual darkening of the tissue, injured and neighbor. Fusarium oxysporum infection decreased with wound healing. The healing of injured G. grandiflora corms stored at 12ºC occurs from the 3rd day after injury by the accumulation of suberin, lignin, and melanin, inhibiting F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wellington Souto Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Horticultura Tropical, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Pombal, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Silvanda de Melo Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Fundamentais e Sociais, Campus II, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Fernando Luiz Finger
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Elida Barbosa Corrêa
- Departamento de Agroecologia e Agropecuária, Campus II, Sítio Imbaúba s∕no, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Lagoa Seca, Paraíba, Brasil
| | | | - Karen Klotz Fugate
- Northern Crop Science Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Fargo, ND, USA
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