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Cai S, Chen G, Wang Y, Huang Y, Marchant DB, Wang Y, Yang Q, Dai F, Hills A, Franks PJ, Nevo E, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Sessa E, Wolf PG, Xue D, Zhang G, Pogson BJ, Blatt MR, Chen ZH. Evolutionary Conservation of ABA Signaling for Stomatal Closure. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:732-747. [PMID: 28232585 PMCID: PMC5462018 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA)-driven stomatal regulation reportedly evolved after the divergence of ferns, during the early evolution of seed plants approximately 360 million years ago. This hypothesis is based on the observation that the stomata of certain fern species are unresponsive to ABA, but exhibit passive hydraulic control. However, ABA-induced stomatal closure was detected in some mosses and lycophytes. Here, we observed that a number of ABA signaling and membrane transporter protein families diversified over the evolutionary history of land plants. The aquatic ferns Azolla filiculoides and Salvinia cucullata have representatives of 23 families of proteins orthologous to those of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and all other land plant species studied. Phylogenetic analysis of the key ABA signaling proteins indicates an evolutionarily conserved stomatal response to ABA. Moreover, comparative transcriptomic analysis has identified a suite of ABA-responsive genes that differentially expressed in a terrestrial fern species, Polystichum proliferum These genes encode proteins associated with ABA biosynthesis, transport, reception, transcription, signaling, and ion and sugar transport, which fit the general ABA signaling pathway constructed from Arabidopsis and Hordeum vulgare The retention of these key ABA-responsive genes could have had a profound effect on the adaptation of ferns to dry conditions. Furthermore, stomatal assays have shown the primary evidence for ABA-induced closure of stomata in two terrestrial fern species Pproliferum and Nephrolepis exaltata In summary, we report, to our knowledge, new molecular and physiological evidence for the presence of active stomatal control in ferns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengguan Cai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Yuqing Huang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - D Blaine Marchant
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Yizhou Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Fei Dai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Adrian Hills
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Peter J Franks
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Eviatar Nevo
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Emily Sessa
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Paul G Wolf
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Dawei Xue
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Guoping Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Barry J Pogson
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Michael R Blatt
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.);
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.);
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.);
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.);
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.);
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.);
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.);
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.);
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
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