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Ge Y, Liu J, Shi R, Li X, Zeb A, Wang Q, Wang J, Zhao Y, Yu M, Yin C, Xiong H, Liu W. Environmental concentrations of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q cause oxidative damage and alter metabolism in Eichhornia crassipes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175736. [PMID: 39182783 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N '-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q) are ubiquitous in the environment and can cause toxicity to aquatic animals. However, research on the toxicological effects of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q on aquatic plants remains limited. The present study investigated the physiological, biochemical, and metabolic responses of the floating aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes (E. crassipes) to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 μg·L-1) of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q. We found that 6PPD and 6PPD-Q elicited minimal effects on plant growth, but 6PPD induced a concentration-dependent decrease in the content of photosynthetic pigments. Low doses (0.1 μg·L-1 and 1 μg·L-1) of 6PPD-Q significantly elevated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) content in E. crassipes roots, indicating oxidative damage. Furthermore, 6PPD-Q induced a more pronounced osmotic stress compared to 6PPD. Metabolic analyses revealed that carbohydrates were significantly altered under 6PPD and 6PPD-Q treatments. The findings of this study enhance the understanding of the environmental risks posed by 6PPD and 6PPD-Q to plants and reveal the potential mechanisms of phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Ge
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jinzheng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ruiying Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Aurang Zeb
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jianling Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuexing Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Miao Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chuan Yin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongxia Xiong
- Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Laboratory of Environmental Protection in Water Transport Engineering, Tianjin 300456, China.
| | - Weitao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Wang JX, Zhang Y, Hu J, Li YF, Egorovich KV, Nikolaevna PN, Vasilevich MV, Zhang ZF, Tang ZH. Metabolomics combined with physiology reveal how white clover (Trifolium repens L.) respond to 6PPD stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176121. [PMID: 39260487 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
As a ubiquitous tire antioxidant, N-(1,3-Dimethyl-butyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylene- diamine (6PPD) exists widely in various environmental media and has been detected at high levels in the environment. However, the effects of 6PPD on plants are still poorly understood. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was carried out to investigate the response of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) stressed by 6PPD on physiology and metabolomics. The results indicated that the length of stem and root, as well as biomass were significantly reduced after 500 μg L-1 6PPD treatment. Photosynthetic performances including photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr) and chlorophyll content of leaves decreased in all treatments except 500 μg L-1 of 6PPD. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the shoot of white clover increased by 66.33 % when exposed to 500 μg L-1 of 6PPD compared to control group (CK). Hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion presented a U-shape trend and began to increase at 500 μg L-1. Besides, peroxidase and catalase significantly decreased compared to CK after exposure to 500 μg L-1. Metabolic analysis of clover showed that 6PPD treatment induced changes in 10 metabolic pathways of white clover. Metabolites were significantly down-regulated after exposure to 500 μg L-1 in shoot, while significantly down-regulated in all treatment groups except 500 μg L-1 in root. These findings may provide a novel perspective for phytotoxicity assessment and phytoremediation of 6PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jie Hu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | | | | | - Mukhin Vasilii Vasilevich
- Institute of Natural Sciences, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk 677000, Russia
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Zhong-Hua Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Ren F, Huang J, Yang Y. Unveiling the impact of microplastics and nanoplastics on vascular plants: A cellular metabolomic and transcriptomic review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 279:116490. [PMID: 38795417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
With increasing plastic manufacture and consumption, microplastics/nanoplastics (MP/NP) pollution has become one of the world's pressing global environmental issues, which poses significant threats to ecosystems and human health. In recent years, sharp increasing researches have confirmed that MP/NP had direct or indirect effects on vegetative growth and sexual process of vascular plant. But the potential mechanisms remain ambiguous. MP/NP particles can be adsorbed and/or absorbed by plant roots or leaves and thus cause diverse effects on plant. This holistic review aims to discuss the direct effects of MP/NP on vascular plant, with special emphasis on the changes of metabolic and molecular levels. MP/NP can alter substance and energy metabolism, as well as shifts in gene expression patterns. Key aspects affected by MP/NP stress include carbon and nitrogen metabolism, amino acids biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction, expression of stress related genes, carbon and nitrogen metabolism related genes, as well as those involved in pathogen defense. Additionally, the review provides updated insights into the growth and physiological responses of plants exposed to MP/NP, encompassing phenomena such as seed/spore germination, photosynthesis, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity. By examining the direct impact of MP/NP from both physiological and molecular perspectives, this review sets the stage for future investigations into the complex interactions between plants and plastic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fugang Ren
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China; College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Vocal Performance, Sichuan Conservatory of Music, Chengdu 610021, China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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Dubery IA, Nephali LP, Tugizimana F, Steenkamp PA. Data-Driven Characterization of Metabolome Reprogramming during Early Development of Sorghum Seedlings. Metabolites 2024; 14:112. [PMID: 38393004 PMCID: PMC10891503 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Specialized metabolites are produced via discrete metabolic pathways. These small molecules play significant roles in plant growth and development, as well as defense against environmental stresses. These include damping off or seedling blight at a post-emergence stage. Targeted metabolomics was followed to gain insights into metabolome changes characteristic of different developmental stages of sorghum seedlings. Metabolites were extracted from leaves at seven time points post-germination and analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Multivariate statistical analysis combined with chemometric tools, such as principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, were applied for data exploration and to reduce data dimensionality as well as for the selection of potential discriminant biomarkers. Changes in metabolome patterns of the seedlings were analyzed in the early, middle, and late stages of growth (7, 14, and 29 days post-germination). The metabolite classes were amino acids, organic acids, lipids, cyanogenic glycosides, hormones, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, and flavonoids, with the latter representing the largest class of metabolites. In general, the metabolite content showed an increase with the progression of the plant growth stages. Most of the differential metabolites were derived from tryptophan and phenylalanine, which contribute to innate immune defenses as well as growth. Quantitative analysis identified a correlation of apigenin flavone derivatives with growth stage. Data-driven investigations of these metabolomes provided new insights into the developmental dynamics that occur in seedlings to limit post-germination mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A. Dubery
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; (L.P.N.); (F.T.); (P.A.S.)
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Li X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zeng G, Tong X, Ullah S, Liu J, Zhou R, Lian J, Guo X, Tang Z. Revealing the metabolomics and biometrics underlying phytotoxicity mechanisms for polystyrene nanoplastics and dibutyl phthalate in dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167071. [PMID: 37714347 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nanoplastics (M/NPs) and phthalates (PAEs) are emerging pollutants. Polystyrene (PS) MPs and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) are typical MPs and PAEs in the environment. However, how dandelion plants respond to the combined contamination of MPs and PAEs remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the individual and combined effects of PS NPs (10 mg L-1) and DBP (50 mg L-1) on dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) seedlings. The results showed that compared to control and individual-treated plants, coexposure to PS NPs and DBP significantly affected plant growth, induced oxidative stress, and altered enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant levels of dandelion. Similarly, photosynthetic attributes and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters were significantly affected by coexposure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that PS particles had accumulated in the root cortex of the dandelion. Metabolic analysis of dandelion showed that single and combined exposures caused the plant's metabolic pathways to be profoundly reprogrammed. As a consequence, the synthesis and energy metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and organic acids were affected because galactose metabolism, the citric acid cycle, and alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid metabolism pathways were significantly altered. These results provide a new perspective on the phytotoxicity and environmental risk assessment of MPs and PAEs in individual or coexposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfan Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guangnian Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xin Tong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shakir Ullah
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ranran Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiapan Lian
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaorui Guo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Zhonghua Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Kunc N, Hudina M, Mikulic-Petkovsek M, Osterc G. Breeding of Modern Rose Cultivars Decreases the Content of Important Biochemical Compounds in Rose Hips. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3734. [PMID: 37960092 PMCID: PMC10649251 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the content and composition of bioactive compounds in autochthonous rose hips (R. pendulina, R. spinosissima, and R. gallica) and to compare them with the content of bioactive compounds in some cultivars ('Harstad', 'Bourgogne', 'Mount Everest', 'Poppius', 'Fruhlingsduft', 'Single Cherry', 'Fruhlingsmorgen', 'Violacea', and 'Splendens') derived from these main species. Due to insufficient information on how bioactive compound content changes when crossing roses, this study also sought to ascertain whether modern rose hip cultivars are still a sufficiently rich source of bioactive compounds and could, therefore, be potentially used as a functional food. All material was collected in the Arboretum Volčji Potok (Slovenia). The ascorbic acid content was highest in the 'Harstad' cultivar (12.79 g/kg FW), and the total organic acid content varied from 1.57 g/kg FW (R. spinosissima) to 34.39 g/kg FW ('Harstad'). Of all the carotenoids analyzed, only lycopene and β-carotene were present in all the samples. The total carotenoid content was highest in the 'Fruhlingsmorgen' cultivar (100.84 mg/kg FW), derived from R. spinosissima, and lowest in the main species, R. spinosissima (9.26 mg/kg FW). It can be concluded, therefore, that the content of bioactive compounds in rose hips of modern cultivars is generally lower than in rose hips of old cultivars and original species included in this study. The research results confirm that modern breeding strategies are mainly focused on goals such as abundant flowering and resistance to diseases and pests and not so much on the content of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kunc
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.H.); (M.M.-P.); (G.O.)
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Šafranko S, Šubarić D, Jerković I, Jokić S. Citrus By-Products as a Valuable Source of Biologically Active Compounds with Promising Pharmaceutical, Biological and Biomedical Potential. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1081. [PMID: 37630996 PMCID: PMC10458533 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits processing results in the generation of huge amounts of citrus by-products, mainly peels, pulp, membranes, and seeds. Although they represent a major concern from both economical and environmental aspects, it is very important to emphasize that these by-products contain a rich source of value-added bioactive compounds with a wide spectrum of applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The primary aim of this review is to highlight the great potential of isolated phytochemicals and extracts of individual citrus by-products with bioactive properties (e.g., antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and other beneficial activities with health-promoting abilities) and their potential in pharmaceutical, biomedical, and biological applications. This review on citrus by-products contains the following parts: structural and chemical characteristics; the utilization of citrus by-products; bioactivities of the present waxes and carotenoids, essential oils, pectins, and phenolic compounds; and citrus by-product formulations with enhanced biocactivities. A summary of the recent developments in applying citrus by-products for the treatment of different diseases and the protection of human health is also provided, emphasizing innovative methods for bioaccessibility enhancements (e.g., extract/component encapsulation, synthesis of biomass-derived nanoparticles, nanocarriers, or biofilm preparation). Based on the representative phytochemical groups, an evaluation of the recent studies of the past six years (from 2018 to 2023) reporting specific biological and health-promoting activities of citrus-based by-products is also provided. Finally, this review discusses advanced and modern approaches in pharmaceutical/biological formulations and drug delivery (e.g., carbon precursors for the preparation of nanoparticles with promising antimicrobial activity, the production of fluorescent nanoparticles with potential application as antitumor agents, and in cellular imaging). The recent studies implementing nanotechnology in food science and biotechnology could bring about new insights into providing innovative solutions for new pharmaceutical and medical discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvija Šafranko
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.Š.); (D.Š.)
| | - Drago Šubarić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.Š.); (D.Š.)
| | - Igor Jerković
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Stela Jokić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.Š.); (D.Š.)
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Chen LH, Cheng ZX, Xu M, Yang ZJ, Yang LT. Effects of Nitrogen Deficiency on the Metabolism of Organic Acids and Amino Acids in Oryza sativa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2576. [PMID: 36235442 PMCID: PMC9572205 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic acids metabolism and nitrogen (N) metabolism in rice seedlings and the relationship between them are not fully understood. In this study, rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. Indica) variety "Huanghuazhan" was used as the experimental material, and three N levels (5 mM, 1 mM, and 0 mM NH4NO3) were set by the hydroponic method for different levels of N treatment. Our results showed that the increased content of malate in rice leaves caused by reducing N level was related to the increased synthesis of malate (the activity of leaf PEPC increased)and the decreased degradation of malate (the activity of leaf NADP-ME decreased), while the increased contents of citrate and isocitrate in rice leaves caused by reducing N level might not be caused by the increased biosynthesis, but due to the decrease in degradation of citrate and isocitrate (the activities of leaf CS, ACO, and NADP-IDH decreased). The increased content of malate in rice roots caused by reducing N level might be related to the increased biosynthesis and the decreased degradation of root malate (the activities of root NAD-MDH and PEPC increased, while the activity of NADP-ME decreased). Compared to the control (5 mM NH4NO3), the increased content of citrate in rice roots caused by reducing N level might be related to the increased biosynthesis rather than the decreased degradation of citrate, due to the higher activities of CS and ACO in rice roots under 0 mM N and 1mM N treatment when compared to that of the control ones. At the same time, the increased content of isocitrate in roots was related to the increased isomerization of isocitrate (the activity of root ACO increased) and the decreased degradation of isocitrate (the activity of root NADP-IDH decreased). With the reducing N level, the activities of N metabolism-related enzymes, such as nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT), decreased in rice leaves and roots, resulting in the decreased contents of total free amino acids (TFAAs) and soluble proteins in rice seedlings, and finally led to the growth inhibition. Our results showed that the dynamics of organic acids metabolism caused by reducing N level were different in rice leaves and roots. In conclusion, there was a close correlation between organic acids metabolism and N metabolism in rice leaves and roots under N-limited conditions; furthermore, such a correlation was more obvious in rice leaves than that of roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hua Chen
- College of Jinshan, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zu-Xin Cheng
- Fujian Engineering Technology Research Center of Breeding and Utilization for Special Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Fujian Engineering Technology Research Center of Breeding and Utilization for Special Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Yang
- Fujian Engineering Technology Research Center of Breeding and Utilization for Special Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Olavarrieta CE, Sampedro MC, Vallejo A, Štefelová N, Barrio RJ, De Diego N. Biostimulants as an Alternative to Improve the Wine Quality from Vitis vinifera (cv. Tempranillo) in La Rioja. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121594. [PMID: 35736745 PMCID: PMC9229063 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of biostimulants appears to be an environmentally friendly, innovative, and sustainable agronomical tool to mitigate the negative effects induced by adverse climatology in traditional grape-growing regions such as La Rioja (Spain). However, their mechanism of action in grapevines is still unclear. We evaluated how commercial substances (two from Ascophyllum nodosum extraction and one amino acids-based biostimulant) and the non-proteinogenic amino acid β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) affect the quality and quantity of musts and grapes in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo from a semi-arid region of La Rioja during two seasons. We hypothesized an enhancement in organic metabolites in berries and leaves in response to these treatments, changing the organoleptic characteristics of the final products. The treatments altered the primary metabolites such as carbohydrates, organic acids (AcOrg), and free amino acids, first in the leaves as the effect of the foliar application and second in grapes and musts. As the main result, the biostimulant efficiency depended on the climatology and vineyard location to improve the final yield. Whereas biostimulant application enhanced the yield in 2018 (less dry year), it did not help production in 2019 (dry year). BABA was the most efficient biostimulant, enhancing plant production. Regarding yield quality, the biostimulant application improved the musts mainly by enhancing the fumaric acid content and by reducing carbohydrates, except in BABA-treated plants, where they were accumulated. These results corroborate biostimulants as an exciting approach in wine production, especially for improving wine quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina E. Olavarrieta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.V.); (R.J.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.E.O.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Maria Carmen Sampedro
- Central Service of Analysis (SGIker), University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Lascaray Ikergunea, Miguel de Unamuno 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
| | - Asier Vallejo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.V.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Nikola Štefelová
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Ramón J. Barrio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.V.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (C.E.O.); (N.D.D.)
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Naziruddin M, Kian L, Jawaid M, Aziman N, Yusof N, Abdul-Mutalib N, Sanny M, Fouad H, Tverezovskaya O. Development of encapsulated sage extract powder: Inter-comparison with commercially available powder for physical properties and metabolites composition. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Hartmann GF, Ricachenevsky FK, Silveira NM, Pita-Barbosa A. Phytotoxic effects of plastic pollution in crops: what is the size of the problem? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118420. [PMID: 34743967 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is one of the most impactful human interferences in our planet. Fragmentation of plastic leads to nano- and microplastics (NP/MP) formation, which accumulate in agricultural lands, representing an increasing risk for crop production and food safety. It has been shown that MP promote damage in plant tissues by several direct and indirect ways, and that NP can enter the tissues/cells and accumulate in edible organs. Investigation of the phytotoxic effects of NP/MP in plants started only in 2016, with most of the studies performed with crops. Since contradictory results are often observed, it is important to review the literature in order to identify robust effects and their possible mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the potential of NP/MP in damaging crop species, with focus on the physiological changes described in the literature. We also performed scientometrics analyses on research papers in this field during 2016-2021, to reveal the research situation of phytotoxic effects of plastic pollution in crops. Our review is as a starting point to help identify gaps and future directions in this important, emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Führ Hartmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Botânica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Felipe Klein Ricachenevsky
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia; Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Neidiquele Maria Silveira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal 'Coaracy M. Franco', Centro R&D Em Ecofisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), P.O. Box 28, Campinas, SP, 13012-97, Brazil
| | - Alice Pita-Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Botânica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil; Centro de Estudos Limnológicos, Costeiros e Marinhos, Campus Litoral Norte, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Imbé, RS, 95625-000, Brazil; Departamento Interdisciplinar, Campus Litoral Norte, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Tramandaí, RS, 95590-000, Brazil.
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12
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Aleinikova N, Peskova I, Ostroukhova E, Galkina Y, Didenko P, Probeigolova P, Lutkova N. NanoKremny effect on the quality of grapes and wines. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2021-2-224-233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. There is still an urgent need in viticulture for studying the effect of tank mixtures of pesticides and bioactive substances on Vitis vinifera and, therefore, the quality and composition of wine. We aimed to study the effect of NanoKremny (silicon fertilizer) treatment of the grapevine on the productivity and quality of grape harvest, as well as the quality of dry wines.
Study objects and methods. Grape varieties from three vineyards in Crimea and the wines produced from them. We applied standard methods used in viticulture, plant protection, and oenological practice. Organic acids and volatile components in grapes and wines were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography.
Results and discussion. We found that the most effective use of NanoKremny was threefold at 0.15 L/ha during the periods of active growth and formation of vegetative and generative organs in grapevines. It had a positive effect on vegetative development, water balance, productivity of grape plants, as well as yield quality and quantity. Also, NanoKremny decreased the development of mildew and oidium diseases, preserved the content of titratable acids in grapes during their ripening, as well as accumulated phenolic compounds, tartaric and malic acids in grape berries.
Conclusion. We found no negative effect of NanoKremny treatment of the grapevine on the physicochemical parameters and sensory characteristics of wines. Thus, this preparation can be used as a bioorganic additive in viticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Aleinikova
- All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking “Magarach” of RAS
| | - Irina Peskova
- All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking “Magarach” of RAS
| | - Elena Ostroukhova
- All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking “Magarach” of RAS
| | - Yevgenia Galkina
- All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking “Magarach” of RAS
| | - Pavel Didenko
- All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking “Magarach” of RAS
| | | | - Nataliya Lutkova
- All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking “Magarach” of RAS
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Wang Y, Liu J, Yang F, Zhou W, Mao S, Lin J, Yan X. Untargeted LC-MS-based metabolomics revealed specific metabolic changes in cotyledons and roots of Ricinus communis during early seedling establishment under salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 163:108-118. [PMID: 33826995 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Early seedling development is one of the most crucial period of the plant's life cycle, which is highly susceptible to adverse environmental conditions, especially those impose by salt stress. Castor plant (Ricinus communis) is a famous non-edible oilseed and salt-resistant crop worldwide. However, the specific metabolic responses in the cotyledons and roots of this species during seedling establishment under salt stress are still not clearly understood. In the present study, 16 d castor seedlings were treated with 150 mM NaCl for 6 d, and the metabolite profiling of cotyledons and roots was conducted using liquid chromatography (LC) combined with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS). The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results showed that the metabolites were great differed in cotyledons and roots under salt stress. There were 38 differential metabolites, mainly including fatty acid, nucleic acid and organic acids in the cotyledons, but only 19 differential metabolites, mainly including fatty acid and organic acids in the roots under such condition. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, citrate cycle and carotenoid biosynthesis were the common metabolic pathways in response to salt stress in the two organs. Salt stress caused metabolite process alteration mainly on carbon and nitrogen metabolisms, and the carbon allocation from root to cotyledon was increased. Additionally, changes of amino acids and nucleic acids profiles were only found in the cotyledons, and the roots could enhance the activity of antioxidant enzyme systems to scavenge ROS under salinity. In conclusion, the present research provides an improved understanding on specific physiological changes in the cotyledons in castor early seedlings, and explores their interaction under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Junyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wanli Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shuang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jixiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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14
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Shahzad R, Ewas M, Harlina PW, Khan SU, Zhenyuan P, Nie X, Nishawy E. β-Sitosterol differentially regulates key metabolites for growth improvement and stress tolerance in rice plants during prolonged UV-B stress. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:79. [PMID: 34052903 PMCID: PMC8164654 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is potentially deleterious to many organisms specifically crop plants and has become a global challenge. Rice is an exceptionally important staple food which is grown worldwide, and many efforts have been done recently to improve rice varieties against UV-B stress. This current study aims to investigate the effects of exogenous application of β-sitosterol (βSito) on growth improvement and tolerance level of rice plants against prolonged UV-B stress. The physiological and metabolic responses were evaluated in rice plants not supplemented with βSito (Nβ) and those supplemented with βSito (Sβ). RESULTS The Nβ and Sβ plants were grown under non-stress (ns) and under prolonged UV-B stress (uvs) conditions and termed as Nβns, Sβns and Nβuvs, Sβuvs, respectively. The application of βSito contributes positively under non-stress and specifically to UV-B stress in terms of improving numerous physiological parameters associated with growth and development such as shoot and root length, RWC, whole plant biomass, chlorophyll pigments, and photosynthetic-related parameters (Pn, Gs, Tr, WUEi, Fv/Fm, and NPQ) in Sβ compared with Nβ plants. Moreover, enhanced oxidative stress tolerance of Sβuvs vs. Nβuvs plants under stress was attributed to low levels of ROS and substantial trigger in activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, and APX). Metabolic analysis was performed using GC-TOFMS, which revealed higher accumulation of several key metabolites including organic acids, sugars, amino acids, and others in Sβuvs vs. Nβuvs plants, which were mainly reduced in Nβ plants under stress vs. non-stress conditions. CONCLUSION These results provide useful data regarding the important role of βSito on growth maintenance and modulation of several metabolites associated with osmotic and redox adjustments during UV-B stress tolerance in rice plants. Importantly, βSito-regulated plasticity could further be explored specifically in relation to different environmental stresses in other economically useful crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheel Shahzad
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung, Bandung, West Java, 40614, Indonesia. .,National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Mohamed Ewas
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Department of Plant Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, 11753, Egypt.
| | - Putri Widyanti Harlina
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung, Bandung, West Java, 40614, Indonesia
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pan Zhenyuan
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agricultural of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Xinhui Nie
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agricultural of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Elsayed Nishawy
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Department of Plant Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, 11753, Egypt
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15
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Paulauskienė A, Tarasevičienė Ž, Laukagalis V. Influence of Harvesting Time on the Chemical Composition of Wild Stinging Nettle ( Urtica dioica L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040686. [PMID: 33918181 PMCID: PMC8065540 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to determine the effect of different harvesting times on the chemical composition of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.). The leaves of nettle were harvested at the same place once a month in the period of April–September 2019. The analysis focused on the contents of dry matter, soluble solids, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, total carotenoids, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, ash content, and macro- and microelements. The nettles harvested in April were characterized by the highest levels of soluble solids and some macro-and microelements (P, K, Fe, Zn). The plants harvested in May were distinguished for titratable acidity, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid contents. In this month, the plants were determined to have the highest antioxidant activity during the entire vegetation period. The plants collected in July contained the highest amount of Mn, but the antioxidant activity of these plants was the lowest during the vegetation period. In August, the plants had the highest levels of ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, and ash, while the plants collected in September were characterized by having the highest amounts of Ca, Mg, and B as compared to those established in other months of vegetation.
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16
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Mykhailenko O, Gudžinskas Z, Romanova S, Orlova T, Kozyra S, Harna S, Volochai V. The Comparative Analysis of Carboxylic Acid Composition of Four Iris Species from Ukraine. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2000969. [PMID: 33438337 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The present article reports results of analysis of carboxylic acids in leaves of Iris species from Ukraine using a gas chromatography (GC) method with mass spectrometric (MS) detection (GC/MS). Carboxylic acids play significant roles in contemporary society as evidenced by multiple applications in fields of medicine, agriculture, pharmacy, food, and other industries. Study of natural plant products as a source of organic acids is of particular interest. Carboxylic acid composition of leaves of Iris hungarica Waldst. & Kit., Iris germanica L., Iris pallida Lam., and Iris variegate L. was studied for the first time applying GC/MS method. The mass spectrums of compounds were matched with NIST and WILEY Libraries. The GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of 26 common acids in the plant raw materials studied. The short-chain carboxylic acids, such as citric (1337.5-12364.4 mg/kg), malic (50.8-4558.0 mg/kg) and oxalic (1199.0-3435.2 mg/kg) acids were contained in significantly high quantity in all samples. Ferulic, p-coumaric and vanillic acids were the most abundant among phenolic acids. α-Linolenic acid was dominant in the leaves of I. germanica (869.5 mg/kg), I. pallida (753.3 mg/kg), and I. variegate (250.3 mg/kg) among polyunsaturated fatty acids, however, linoleic acid prevailed in the plant raw material of I. hungarica (1150.7 mg/kg). Since the leaves of Iris species studied contain carboxylic acids with diverse pharmacological activity, extracts of these raw materials are perspective for development food supplements and medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Mykhailenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 4 Valentynivska St., Kharkiv, 61168, Ukraine
| | - Zigmantas Gudžinskas
- Nature Research Center, Institute of Botany, 2 Akademijos Str, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Svitlana Romanova
- Department of Botany, National University of Pharmacy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 4 Valentynivska St., Kharkiv, 61168, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Orlova
- Department of the Floriculture, Botanical Garden of the Kharkiv National University named after V.N. Karazin, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
| | - Sofiia Kozyra
- Department of Botany, National University of Pharmacy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 4 Valentynivska St., Kharkiv, 61168, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Harna
- Department of Quality, Standardization and Certification of Drugs, National University of Pharmacy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 1, Square Defenders of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 61001, Ukraine
| | - Victoriia Volochai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 4 Valentynivska St., Kharkiv, 61168, Ukraine
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17
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Fang S, Hou X, Liang X. Response Mechanisms of Plants Under Saline-Alkali Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:667458. [PMID: 34149764 PMCID: PMC8213028 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.667458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
As two coexisting abiotic stresses, salt stress and alkali stress have severely restricted the development of global agriculture. Clarifying the plant resistance mechanism and determining how to improve plant tolerance to salt stress and alkali stress have been popular research topics. At present, most related studies have focused mainly on salt stress, and salt-alkali mixed stress studies are relatively scarce. However, in nature, high concentrations of salt and high pH often occur simultaneously, and their synergistic effects can be more harmful to plant growth and development than the effects of either stress alone. Therefore, it is of great practical importance for the sustainable development of agriculture to study plant resistance mechanisms under saline-alkali mixed stress, screen new saline-alkali stress tolerance genes, and explore new plant salt-alkali tolerance strategies. Herein, we summarized how plants actively respond to saline-alkali stress through morphological adaptation, physiological adaptation and molecular regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Fang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- *Correspondence: Shumei Fang,
| | - Xue Hou
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Xilong Liang
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Plant Growth Regulator Engineering Technology Research Center, Daqing, China
- Xilong Liang,
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18
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Wu X, Liu Y, Yin S, Xiao K, Xiong Q, Bian S, Liang S, Hou H, Hu J, Yang J. Metabolomics revealing the response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) exposed to polystyrene microplastics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115159. [PMID: 32663678 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of microplastics accumulate in the agricultural soil. Microplastics would stress the crops but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, a laboratory exposure and field trials were carried out to investigate the response of rice (Oryza sativa L. II You. 900) to stress induced by polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) using a metabolomic approach. After laboratory exposure for 21 days, the decreases in shoot biomass of rice exposed to low, medium and high doses of PS-MPs were 13.1% (CV = 4.1%), 18.8% (CV = 3.7%), and 40.3% (CV = 9.2%), respectively, while the antioxidant enzymes showed an inverted upper-U shape when exposed to PS-MPs. A total of 24 samples from three exposure dose levels were included in the metabolic analysis. The metabolites of 12 amino acids, 16 saccharides, 26 organic acids and 17 others (lipids and polyols) in leaves decreased after the exposure to both 50 mg L-1 and 250 mg L-1 PS-MPs doses with hydroponically-cultured. The inhibition of perturbed biological pathway causes the biosynthesis of amino acids, nucleic acids, fatty acids and some secondary metabolites decreased which indicate that the energy expenditure exceeded the substance accumulation. In order to further validate the effects of PS-MPs on rice leaves obtained from the laboratory-scale experiments, a field-trial experiment was conducted. After 142 days of cultivation in farmland, the results with a maximum of 25.9% lower biomass in the crops exposed with PS-MPs. As such, the presence of PS-MPs may affect rice production by altering the metabolic systems of rice. Long-term exposure of PS-MPs to rice might be a potential risk to rice safety and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yao Liu
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Technology and Business University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Keke Xiao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Qiao Xiong
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Shijie Bian
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Sha Liang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Huijie Hou
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jingping Hu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jiakuan Yang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
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19
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Kanojia A, Gupta S, Benina M, Fernie AR, Mueller-Roeber B, Gechev T, Dijkwel PP. Developmentally controlled changes during Arabidopsis leaf development indicate causes for loss of stress tolerance with age. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6340-6354. [PMID: 32720687 PMCID: PMC7586751 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is the final stage of leaf development and is induced by the gradual occurrence of age-related changes (ARCs). The process of leaf senescence has been well described, but the cellular events leading to this process are still poorly understood. By analysis of progressively ageing, but not yet senescing, Arabidopsis thaliana rosette leaves, we aimed to better understand processes occurring prior to the onset of senescence. Using gene expression analysis, we found that as leaves mature, genes responding to oxidative stress and genes involved in stress hormone biosynthesis and signalling were up-regulated. A decrease in primary metabolites that provide protection against oxidative stress was a possible explanation for the increased stress signature. The gene expression and metabolomics changes occurred concomitantly to a decrease in drought, salinity, and dark stress tolerance of individual leaves. Importantly, stress-related genes showed elevated expression in the early ageing mutant old5 and decreased expression in the delayed ageing mutant ore9. We propose that the decreased stress tolerance with age results from the occurrence of senescence-inducing ARCs that is integrated into the leaf developmental programme, and that this ensures a timely and certain death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakansha Kanojia
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Maria Benina
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tsanko Gechev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Paul P Dijkwel
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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20
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Çolak NG, Eken NT, Ülger M, Frary A, Doğanlar S. Exploring wild alleles from Solanum pimpinellifolium with the potential to improve tomato flavor compounds. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 298:110567. [PMID: 32771168 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Most consumers complain about the flavor of current tomato cultivars and many pay a premium for alternatives such as heirloom varieties. Breeding for fruit flavor is difficult because it is a quantitatively inherited trait influenced by taste, aroma and environmental factors. A lack of genetic diversity in modern tomato cultivars also necessitates exploration of new sources for flavor alleles. Wild tomato S. pimpinellifolium and inbred backcross lines were assessed for individual sugars and organic acids which are two of the main components of tomato flavor. S. pimpinellifolium was found to harbor alleles that could be used to increase glucose and fructose content and adjust acidity by altering malic and citric acid levels. Single nucleotide polymorphism markers were used to detect 14 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for sugars and 71 for organic acids. Confirmation was provided by comparing map locations with previously identified loci. Thus, seven (50 %) of the sugar QTLs and 22 (31 %) of the organic acids loci were supported by analyses in other tomato populations. Examination of the genomic sequence containing the QTLs allowed identification of potential candidate genes for several flavor components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nergiz Gürbüz Çolak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir 35433, Turkey.
| | - Neslihan Tek Eken
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir 35433, Turkey.
| | | | - Anne Frary
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir 35433, Turkey.
| | - Sami Doğanlar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir 35433, Turkey.
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Zhang H, Lu L, Zhao X, Zhao S, Gu X, Du W, Wei H, Ji R, Zhao L. Metabolomics Reveals the "Invisible" Responses of Spinach Plants Exposed to CeO 2 Nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6007-6017. [PMID: 31013431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) with activities that mimic antioxidant enzymes have good prospects in agriculture because they can increase photosynthesis and improve stress tolerance. Here, the interaction between cerium oxide NPs with spinach plants ( Spinacia oleracea) was investigated by integrating phenotypic and metabolomic analyses. Soil-grown, four-week-old spinach plants were foliar exposed for 3 weeks to CeO2 NPs at 0, 0.3, and 3 mg per plant. Phenotypic parameters (chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic pigment contents, plant biomass, lipid peroxidation, and membrane permeability) were not affected. However, metabolomics analysis revealed that both doses of CeO2 NPs induced metabolic reprogramming in leaves and roots in a non-dose-dependent manner. The low dose of CeO2 NPs (0.3 mg per plant) induced stronger metabolic reprogramming in spinach leaves than high dose of CeO2 NPs. However, the high dose of CeO2 NPs triggered more metabolic changes in roots, compared to the low dose. Foliar spray of CeO2 NPs at 3 mg/plant induced marked down-regulation of a number of amino acids (threonine, tryptophan, l-cysteine, methionine, cycloleucine, aspartic acid, asparagine, tyrosine, and glutamic acid). In addition, Zn decreased by 44% and 54% in leaves and Ca decreased by 38% and 32% in roots under exposure to CeO2 NPs at 0.3 and 3 mg/plant, respectively. These results provide better understanding of the intrinsic phenotypic and metabolic changes imposed by CeO2 NPs in spinach plants.
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Yang N, Jiang J, Xie H, Bai M, Xu Q, Wang X, Yu X, Chen Z, Guan Y. Metabolomics Reveals Distinct Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolic Responses to Magnesium Deficiency in Leaves and Roots of Soybean [ Glycine max (Linn.) Merr.]. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2091. [PMID: 29312369 PMCID: PMC5733048 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) deficiency, a widespread yet overlooked problem in agriculture, has been reported to retard plant growth and development, through affecting key metabolic pathways. However, the metabolic responses of plant to Mg deficiency is still not fully understood. Here we report a metabolomic study to evaluate the metabolic responses to Mg deficiency in soybean leaves and roots. Hydroponic grown soybean were exposed to Mg starvation for 4 and 8 days, respectively. Metabolic changes in the first mature trifoliolate leaves and roots were quantified by conducting GC-TOF-MS based metabolomic analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that Mg deficient plants became distinguishable from controls at 4 days after stress (DAS) at metabolic level, and were clearly discriminated at 8 DAS. Mg deficiency could cause large metabolite alterations on carbon and nitrogen metabolism. At 8 DAS, carbon allocation from shoot to root is decreased by Mg deficiency. Remarkably, most amino acids (such as phenylalanine, asparagine, leucine, isoleucine, glycine, glutamine, and serine) showed pronounced accumulation in the leaves, while most organic acids (including pyruvic acid, citric acid, 2-keto-glutaric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, and malic acid) were significantly decreased in the roots. Our study shows that the carbon and nitrogen metabolic responses are distinct in leaves and roots under Mg deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiali Jiang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huiling Xie
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengyan Bai
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinzhen Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoguo Wang
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhichang Chen
- Root Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Guan
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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