1
|
Liu Z, Ma H, Wang G, Shen Y, Ma J, Li W, Zhou Y, Lu Q. Grazing period management affects the accumulation of plant functional groups, and soil nutrient pools and regulates stoichiometry in the desert steppe of Northwest China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 368:122213. [PMID: 39154389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
To understand how nutrient cycling and sequestration are influenced by different grazing periods, the C:N:P stoichiometry features of the plant-soil interface in the desert steppe were measured and evaluated. The 5-year seasonal grazing experiment employed four grazing period treatments: traditional time of grazing (TG), early termination of grazing (EG), delayed start of grazing (DG), and delayed start and early termination of grazing (DEG). Additionally, fenced off desert steppe served as the control. The grazing periods each had a differing impact on the C:N:P stoichiometry in both plant functional group and soil depth comparisons. Compared to the EG, DG, and DEG treatments, the TG treatment had a more significant impact on the C, N, and P pools of grass, as well as the C:P and N:P ratios of forbs, but had a reduced effect on the C:P and N:P ratios of legumes. In contrast to plants, the DG treatment exhibited greater advantages in increasing C pools within the 0-40 cm soil layer. Furthermore, in the 10-20 cm soil layer, the C:P and N:P ratios under the EG treatment were significantly higher, ranging from 8.88% to 53.41% and 72.34%-121.79%, respectively, compared to the other treatments (TG, DG, and DGE). The primary drivers of the C, N, and P pools during different grazing periods were above-ground biomass (AGB) and litter biomass (LB). Both lowering the plant C:P and N:P ratios and considerably raising the plant P pool during different grazing periods greatly weakened the P limitation of the desert steppe environment. It is predicted that delayed start grazing might be a management strategy for long-term ecosystem sustainability, as it regulates above-ground nutrient allocation and has a positive effect on soil C and N pools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Liu
- Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China; Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center of Ningxia Province, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China; College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Hongbin Ma
- Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China; Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center of Ningxia Province, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China; College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China; Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration of Northwest China, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China.
| | - Guohui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China; Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center of Ningxia Province, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China; College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China; Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration of Northwest China, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China; Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center of Ningxia Province, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China; College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China; Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration of Northwest China, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Jingli Ma
- Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China; Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center of Ningxia Province, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China; College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China; Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center of Ningxia Province, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China; College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China; Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center of Ningxia Province, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China; College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China; Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center of Ningxia Province, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China; College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Silveira MJ, Florêncio FM, de Carvalho Harthman V, Thiébaut G. Responses of three invasive alien aquatic plant species to climate warming and plant density. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2023; 136:817-826. [PMID: 37505305 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming may impact plant invasion success directly, as well as indirectly through changes among interactions within plant communities. However, the responses of invasive alien aquatic species to plant density and rising temperatures remain largely unknown. We tested the effects of plant density and neighbour plant identity at different temperatures to better understand the performance of a community of invasive species exposed to climate warming. A microcosm experiment was conducted with three invasive aquatic plants species-Elodea canadensis, Egeria densa and Lagarosiphon major-, at mono and polycultures with low and high plant density, at 16 °C, 19 °C and 23 °C. The results clearly demonstrated that rising temperature influenced, either as a single parameter or as a combined factor, at least one of the measured traits of the three invasive species. Leaf area of E. densa, root number of L. major and growth of E. densa and L. major were influenced by temperature, plant density and neighbour identity. Plant density influenced all traits with the exception of leaf area of E. canadensis and lateral branch production of E. densa. Neighbour identity had no effect on growth rate and leaf area of E. canadensis, on lateral branch and roots production of E. densa and on leaf area of L. major. These findings establish that rising temperature could enhance competition or facilitation among E. canadensis, L. major and E. densa and could cancel the beneficial effects of the presence of a neighbour species; however, the magnitude of this effect was strongly dependent on plant density. Rising temperature due to climate change will likely play a crucial role in interactions between invasive species within plant communities and in the further spread of these invasive aquatic plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márcio José Silveira
- Universidade Estadual de Minas Gerais, Unidade Ubá, Av. Olegário Maciel, 1427, Ubá, MG, CEP 36500-000, Brazil.
- University Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO, UMR 6553, 35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Fernanda Moreira Florêncio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, PEA, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, UEM, Av Colombo, 5790, Bloco G90, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, PR, CEP 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de Carvalho Harthman
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS/Campus Pantanal, Av Rio Branco, Bairro Universitário, Corumbá, MS, CEP 79304-902, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yuan D, Xu YJ, Ma S, Le J, Zhang K, Miao R, Li S. Nitrogen addition effect overrides warming effect on dissolved CO 2 and phytoplankton structure in shallow lakes. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120437. [PMID: 37556989 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Shallow lakes are numerous in all climate zones, but our knowledge about their dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) response to future climate change and nutrient enrichment is rather limited. Here we performed a mesocosm experiment with four treatments to investigate how warming and nitrogen addition will impact the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and phytoplankton community individually and combined. We found that warming alone had no significant effect on pCO2, while nitrogen addition increased pCO2 significantly. The combined effects of nitrogen addition and warming on pCO2 level were prevalent, indicating that eutrophic shallow lakes would be double-jeopardized in the future climate. Warming and nitrogen addition together also showed to have changed the phytoplankton community structure, suggesting a potential shifting of biological system in shallow lakes under changing climate. These findings highlight the importance of reducing nitrogen pollution to shallow lake systems for sustainable development goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danni Yuan
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Y Jun Xu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Shiwang Ma
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Jingquan Le
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Kairui Zhang
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Rongli Miao
- Hydrobiological Data Analysis Center, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Siyue Li
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Feng M, Cheng H, Zhang P, Wang K, Wang T, Zhang H, Wang H, Zhou L, Xu J, Zhang M. Stoichiometric stability of aquatic organisms increases with trophic level under warming and eutrophication. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160106. [PMID: 36370785 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The balance of stoichiometric traits of organisms is crucial for nutrient cycling and energy flow in ecosystems. However, the impacts of different drivers on stoichiometric (carbon, C; nitrogen, N; and phosphorus, P) variations of organisms have not been well addressed. In order to understand how stoichiometric traits vary across trophic levels under different environmental stressors, we performed a mesocosm experiment to explore the impacts of warming (including +3 °C consistent warming above ambient and heat waves ranging from 0 to 6 °C), eutrophication, herbicide and their interactions on stoichiometric traits of organisms at different trophic levels, which was quantified by stable nitrogen isotopes. Results showed that herbicide treatment had no significant impacts on all stochiometric traits, while warming and eutrophication significantly affected the stoichiometric traits of organisms at lower trophic levels. Eutrophication increased nutrient contents and decreased C: nutrient ratios in primary producers, while the response of N:P ratios depended on the taxonomic group. The contribution of temperature treatments to stoichiometric variation was less than that of eutrophication. Heat waves counteracted the impacts of eutrophication, which was different from the effects of continuous warming, indicating that eutrophication impacts on organism stoichiometric traits depended on climate scenarios. Compared to environmental drivers, taxonomic group was the dominant driver that determined the variations of stoichiometric traits. Furthermore, the stoichiometric stability of organisms was strongly positively correlated with their trophic levels. Our results demonstrate that warming and eutrophication might substantially alter the stoichiometric traits of lower trophic levels, thus impairing the nutrient transfer to higher trophic level, which might further change the structure of food webs and functions of the ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Feng
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Haowu Cheng
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Kang Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Libin Zhou
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Feng M, Zhang P, Cheng H, Frenken T, Xu J, Zhang M. Interactive effects of light and snail herbivory rather than nutrient loading determine early establishment of submerged macrophytes. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9070. [PMID: 35813922 PMCID: PMC9251838 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Submerged macrophytes play a key role in maintaining a clear-water phase and promoting biodiversity in shallow aquatic ecosystems. Since their abundance has declined globally due to anthropogenic activities, it is important to include them in aquatic ecosystem restoration programs. Macrophytes establishment in early spring is crucial for the subsequent growth of other warm-adapted macrophytes. However, factors affecting this early establishment of submerged macrophytes have not been fully explored yet. Here, we conducted an outdoor experiment from winter to early spring using the submerged macrophytes Potamogeton crispus and Vallisneria spinulosa to study the effects of shading, nutrient loading, snail herbivory (Radix swinhoei), and their interactions on the early growth and stoichiometric characteristics of macrophytes. The results show that the effects strongly depend on macrophyte species. Biomass and number of shoots of P. crispus decreased, and internode length increased during low light conditions, but were not affected by nutrient loading. P. crispus shoot biomass and number showed hump-shaped responses to increased snail biomass under full light. In contrast, the biomass of the plant linearly decreased with snail biomass under low light. This indicates an interaction of light with snail herbivory. Since snails prefer grazing on periphyton over macrophytes, a low density of snails promoted growth of P. crispus by removing periphyton competition, while herbivory on the macrophyte increased during a high density of snails. The growth of V. spinulosa was not affected by any of the factors, probably because of growth limitation by low temperature. Our study demonstrates that the interaction of light with snail herbivory may affect establishment and growth of submerged macrophytes in early spring. Macrophyte restoration projects may thus benefit from lowering water levels to increase light availability and making smart use of cold-adapted herbivores to reduce light competition with periphyton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Feng
- College of FisheriesHuazhong Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond AquacultureWuhanChina
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Haowu Cheng
- College of FisheriesHuazhong Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond AquacultureWuhanChina
| | - Thijs Frenken
- Cluster Nature and SocietyHAS University of Applied Sciences’s‐Hertogenboschthe Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)Wageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Min Zhang
- College of FisheriesHuazhong Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond AquacultureWuhanChina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qin LZ, Suonan Z, Kim SH, Lee KS. Coastal Sediment Nutrient Enrichment Alters Seagrass Blue Carbon Sink Capacity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15466-15475. [PMID: 34698488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The seagrass ecosystem is among the most efficient natural carbon sinks that can contribute to climate change mitigation. However, little is known about the effects of coastal nutrient enrichment caused by anthropogenic activities and/or climate change on the capacity of the seagrass blue carbon sink. Our experimental manipulations of sediment nutrient enrichment shifted the blue carbon sink capabilities of seagrass meadows. Sediment nutrient enrichment significantly increased the nutrient content of seagrass litter, stimulating the decomposition of rhizome + root litter by ∼10% while retarding the decomposition of leaf litter by ∼5%. Sediment N + P enrichment increased seagrass growth and litter production, while enrichment of N or P alone did not. Organic carbon (Corg) stocks in the surface sediments (0-5 cm) were 34% higher than those in the control with N + P enrichment due to high litter production and the low decomposition rate of nutrient-enriched leaf litter. However, Corg stocks in the subsurface sediments (5-20 cm) did not increase with sediment nutrient enrichment, which is likely due to accelerated decomposition of rhizome + root litter. Our findings suggest that nutrient loading in coastal sediments alters the blue carbon sink and storage capacities in seagrass meadows by changing the rates of carbon sequestration and decomposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le-Zheng Qin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhaxi Suonan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Seop Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu H, Hao B, Jo H, Cai Y. Seasonality and Species Specificity of Submerged Macrophyte Biomass in Shallow Lakes Under the Influence of Climate Warming and Eutrophication. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:678259. [PMID: 34659276 PMCID: PMC8517270 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.678259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming and eutrophication caused by anthropogenic activities strongly affect aquatic ecosystems. Submerged macrophytes usually play a key role in shallow lakes and can maintain a stable clear state. It is extremely important to study the effects of climate warming and eutrophication on the growth of submerged macrophytes in shallow lakes. However, the responses of submerged macrophytes to climate warming and eutrophication are still controversial. Additionally, the understanding of the main pathways impacting submerged macrophytes remains to be clarified. In addition, the influence of seasonality on the growth responses of submerged macrophytes to climate warming and eutrophication requires further elucidation. In this study, we conducted a series of mesocosm experiments with four replicates across four seasons to study the effects of rising temperature and nutrient enrichment on the biomass of two submerged macrophytes, Potamogeton crispus and Elodea canadensis. Our results demonstrated the seasonality and species specificity of plant biomass under the influence of climate warming and eutrophication, as well as the main explanatory factors in each season. Consistent with the seasonal results, the overall results showed that E. canadensis biomass was directly increased by rising temperature rather than by nutrient enrichment. Conversely, the overall results showed that P. crispus biomass was indirectly reduced by phosphorus enrichment via the strengthening of competition among primary producers. Distinct physiological and morphological traits may induce species-specific responses of submerged macrophytes to climate warming and eutrophication, indicating that further research should take interspecies differences into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Beibei Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Hyunbin Jo
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yanpeng Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tang H, Bai J, Chen F, Liu Y, Lou Y. Effects of salinity and temperature on tuber sprouting and growth of
Schoenoplectus nipponicus. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Tang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun130102China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China
| | - Jiangshan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun130102China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China
| | - Fangyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun130102China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China
| | - Ying Liu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing400714China
| | - Yanjing Lou
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun130102China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Resource conservation strategy helps explain patterns of biological invasion in a low-N environment. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2020.104205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
10
|
Meng L, Qu F, Bi X, Xia J, Li Y, Wang X, Yu J. Elemental stoichiometry (C, N, P) of soil in the Yellow River Delta nature reserve: Understanding N and P status of soil in the coastal estuary. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141737. [PMID: 32882556 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve (YNR), which includes two separated regions: part of the old Yellow River Delta (OYD) and part of the current Yellow River Delta (CYD), was established to protect coastal wetlands in the coastal estuary. A total of 120 plots were sampled in the YNR in April 2016, and the spatial patterns of soil C, N and P contents and their stoichiometric ratios (C:N (RCN), C:P (RCP) and N:P (RNP)) were studied and interpolated using the Ordinary Kriging method. Results indicated that the soil elemental contents and stoichiometric ratios showed high spatial heterogeneity and large variations. The mean C:N:P ratio (RCNP) was ~ 64.7:2.3:1 in OYD, and ~ 64.5:2.0:1 in CYD, respectively, and a well-constrained RCP ratio ~ 65:1 was found in the 0-50 cm soil depth within the YNR. N showed greater variation than C and P. Furthermore, N contents in the 0-5 cm soil layer of OYD were significantly higher than that of CYD (F = 4.79, p = 0.03); RCN in 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm layers of OYD was significantly lower than those in the same layers of CYD (F = 4.75, p = 0.03; F = 5.18, p = 0.02, respectively). RNP in 0-5 cm soil layer of OYD was notably higher than that of CYD (F = 4.88, p = 0.03). These results were due to the combined actions of sedimentation, reclamation and fertilization. Finally, we concluded that a longer reclamation and fertilization history led to decreased RCN in coastal estuary soils, confirmed that the soil of the YNR exhibits N limitation, and suggested that the soil RCN and RNP could be good indicators of the anthropogenic improvement status during soil development in this coastal estuary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Meng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, PR China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Fanzhu Qu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, PR China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China.
| | - Xiaoli Bi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, PR China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Jiangbao Xia
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, PR China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Yunzhao Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, PR China; Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Xuehong Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Junbao Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, PR China; Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rao Q, Su H, Deng X, Xia W, Wang L, Cui W, Ruan L, Chen J, Xie P. Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Allocation Strategy Among Organs in Submerged Macrophytes Is Altered by Eutrophication. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:524450. [PMID: 33193470 PMCID: PMC7604295 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.524450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The allocation of limiting elements among plant organs is an important aspect of the adaptation of plants to their ambient environment. Although eutrophication can extremely alter light and nutrient availability, little is known about nutrient partitioning among organs of submerged macrophytes in response to eutrophication. Here, we analyzed the stoichiometric scaling of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations among organs (leaf, stem, and root) of 327 individuals of seven common submerged macrophytes (three growth forms), sampled from 26 Yangtze plain lakes whose nutrient levels differed. Scaling exponents of stem nutrients to leaf (or root) nutrients varied among the growth forms. With increasing water total N (WTN) concentration, the scaling exponents of stem C to leaf (or root) C increased from <1 to >1, however, those of stem P to root P showed the opposite trend. These results indicated that, as plant nutrient content increased, plants growing in low WTN concentration accumulated leaf C (or stem P) at a faster rate, whereas those in high WTN concentration showed a faster increase in their stem C (or root P). Additionally, the scaling exponents of stem N to leaf (or root) N and stem P to leaf P were consistently large than 1, but decreased with a greater WTN concentration. This suggested that plants invested more N and P into stem than leaf tissues, with a higher investment of N in stem than root tissues, but eutrophication would decrease the allocation of N and P to stem. Such shifts in plant nutrient allocation strategies from low to high WTN concentration may be attributed to changed light and nutrient availability. In summary, eutrophication would alter nutrient allocation strategies of submerged macrophytes, which may influence their community structures by enhancing the competitive ability of some species in the process of eutrophication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Rao
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haojie Su
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuwei Deng
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wulai Xia
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lantian Wang
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjian Cui
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Linwei Ruan
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Parasitic Chytrids Upgrade and Convey Primary Produced Carbon During Inedible Algae Proliferation. Protist 2020; 171:125768. [PMID: 33126022 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2020.125768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microbial parasites have only recently been included in planktonic food web studies, but their functional role in conveying dietary energy still remains to be elucidated. Parasitic fungi (chytrids) infecting phytoplankton may constitute an alternative trophic link and promote organic matter transfer through the production of dissemination zoospores. Particularly, during proliferation of inedible or toxic algal species, such as large Cyanobacteria fostered by global warming, parasites can constitute an alternative trophic link providing essential dietary nutrients that support somatic growth and reproduction of consumers. Using phytoplankton-parasites associations grown under laboratory controlled conditions we assessed the fatty acids and biochemical composition of species with different nutritional quality and followed the metabolic pathway from the algal host and their parasites zoospores using compound-specific stable isotope analysis. This study demonstrated that chytrids are trophic upgraders able to retain essential nutrients that can be transferred to upper trophic levels both in terms of organic matter quantity and nutritional quality. Through the production of zoospores, nutritionally important long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that can be consequently assimilated by consumers. We conclude that parasitism at the base of aquatic food webs may represent a crucial trophic link for dietary nutrients and essential biomolecules alternative to herbivory or bacterivory, which can be particularly crucial during the proliferation of inedible or nutritionally inadequate algal species fostered by climate change.
Collapse
|
13
|
Sun Y, Guo J, Li Y, Luo G, Li L, Yuan H, Mur LAJ, Guo S. Negative effects of the simulated nitrogen deposition on plant phenolic metabolism: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 719:137442. [PMID: 32114232 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds constitute probably the largest group of plant secondary metabolites and have key roles in plant metabolism. Simulated nitrogen (N) deposition is important to agriculture and has considerable impacts on plant phenolic metabolism but a systematic understanding of such effects is lacking. We here synthesized results from 123 articles and evaluated the responses of plant biomass, in vivo N status, soluble sugar concentrations, carbon (C)/N ratios and multiple phenolic compounds to the simulated N deposition. This meta-analysis showed that the simulated N deposition significantly increased plant biomass and N content but reduced the concentrations of phenolic compounds in a dose-depended manner. This was linked to the suppression of phenolic generating phenylalanine ammonia_lyase activity and key associated gene expression by the simulated N deposition. Total phenolic concentrations were negatively related to biomass but were positively correlated with C/N and soluble sugar contents. Overall, our results indicated adverse effects of simulated N deposition on phenolic metabolism which could compromise key aspects of crop quality and are apparently hidden by positive effects on plant biomass. Our findings have significant ecological and biological implications for plant phenolic metabolism facing global N deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Junjie Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yingrui Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Gongwen Luo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Luis Alejandro Jose Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK.
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xu J, Wang T, García Molinos J, Li C, Hu B, Pan M, Zhang M. Effects of warming, climate extremes and phosphorus enrichment on the growth, sexual reproduction and propagule carbon and nitrogen stoichiometry of Potamogeton crispus L. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105502. [PMID: 32044441 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary evidence suggests that submerged macrophytes are experiencing a global decline due to the multiple compounding anthropogenic stressors impacting shallow lake ecosystems. Eutrophication and climate change are two main widespread, often co-occurring stressors, yet evidence concerning their interactive effects on aquatic plants remains partial and fragmented. Predicting the response of submerged aquatic vegetation to the combined effects of nutrient pollution and compound climate warming (mean + variability) is therefore crucial for the conservation and management of these valuable and vulnerable ecosystems. Here, we present the results of an outdoor mesocosm experiment examining the combined effects of nutrient enrichment (phosphorus addition) and warming (a 4 °C increase in mean temperature above present ambient conditions applied as either a constant increase or a variable increase ranging between 0 and 8 °C to mimic the effect of extreme events but keeping an equivalent total amount of warming) on Potamogeton crispus L. Warming accelerated the growth and senescence of P. crispus suggesting a more important role in maintaining the clear water state in winter-early spring but concomitant to possible earlier turbid states in summer. Warming also consistently advanced the flowering phenology but had no significant effect on flowering duration. There were no significant differences in the life cycle between the two warming treatments, while phosphorus addition also had little effect. However, under phosphorus enrichment, P. crispus increased sexual reproduction investment producing higher seed setting rate per infructescence. In contrast, warming, especially variable warming, may decrease sexual reproduction investment by reducing the number of infructescences. Seed and turion stoichiometry were altered by the combination of warming and phosphorus addition, but the changes were complex and difficult to interpret.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jorge García Molinos
- Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan; Global Station for Arctic Research, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Chao Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Bowen Hu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Meng Pan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang P, Kuramae A, van Leeuwen CHA, Velthuis M, van Donk E, Xu J, Bakker ES. Interactive Effects of Rising Temperature and Nutrient Enrichment on Aquatic Plant Growth, Stoichiometry, and Palatability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:58. [PMID: 32117394 PMCID: PMC7028819 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The abundance and stoichiometry of aquatic plants are crucial for nutrient cycling and energy transfer in aquatic ecosystems. However, the interactive effects of multiple global environmental changes, including temperature rise and eutrophication, on aquatic plant stoichiometry and palatability remain largely unknown. Here, we hypothesized that (1) plant growth rates increase faster with rising temperature in nutrient-rich than nutrient-poor sediments; (2) plant carbon (C): nutrient ratios [nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)] respond differently to rising temperatures at contrasting nutrient conditions of the sediment; (3) external nutrient loading to the water column limits the growth of plants and decreases plant C:nutrient ratios; and that (4) changes in plant stoichiometry affect plant palatability. We used the common rooted submerged plant Vallisneria spiralis as a model species to test the effects of temperature and nutrient availability in both the sediment and the water column on plant growth and stoichiometry in a full-factorial experiment. The results confirmed that plants grew faster in nutrient-rich than nutrient-poor sediments with rising temperature, whereas external nutrient loading decreased the growth of plants due to competition by algae. The plant C: N and C: P ratios responded differently at different nutrient conditions to rising temperature. Rising temperature increased the metabolic rates of organisms, increased the nutrient availability in the sediment and enhanced plant growth. Plant growth was limited by a shortage of N in the nutrient-poor sediment and in the treatment with external nutrient loading to the water column, as a consequence, the limited plant growth caused an accumulation of P in the plants. Therefore, the effects of temperature on aquatic plant C:nutrient ratios did not only depend on the availability of the specific nutrients in the environment, but also on plant growth, which could result in either increased, unaltered or decreased plant C:nutrient ratios in response to temperature rise. Plant feeding trial assays with the generalist consumer Lymnaea stagnalis (Gastropoda) did not show effects of temperature or nutrient treatments on plant consumption rates. Overall, our results implicate that warming and eutrophication might interactively affect plant abundance and plant stoichiometry, and therefore influence nutrient cycling in aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IHB-CAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Ayumi Kuramae
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Casper H. A. van Leeuwen
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Mandy Velthuis
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ellen van Donk
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IHB-CAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Elisabeth S. Bakker
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wegner B, Kronsbein AL, Gillefalk M, van de Weyer K, Köhler J, Funke E, Monaghan MT, Hilt S. Mutual Facilitation Among Invading Nuttall's Waterweed and Quagga Mussels. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:789. [PMID: 31316530 PMCID: PMC6611401 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nuttall's waterweed (Elodea nuttallii) is the most abundant invasive aquatic plant species in several European countries. Elodea populations often follow a boom-bust cycle, but the causes and consequences of this dynamics are yet unknown. We hypothesize that both boom and bust periods can be affected by dreissenid mussel invasions. While mutual facilitations between these invaders could explain their rapid parallel expansion, subsequent competition for space might occur. To test this hypothesis, we use data on temporal changes in the water quality and the abundance of E. nuttallii and the quagga mussel Dreissena rostriformis bugensis in a temperate shallow lake. Lake Müggelsee (Germany) was turbid and devoid of submerged macrophytes for 20 years (1970-1989), but re-colonization with macrophytes started in 1990 upon reductions in nutrient loading. We mapped macrophyte abundance from 1999 and mussel abundance from 2011 onwards. E. nuttallii was first detected in 2011, spread rapidly, and was the most abundant macrophyte species by 2017. Native macrophyte species were not replaced, but spread more slowly, resulting in an overall increase in macrophyte coverage to 25% of the lake surface. The increased abundance of E. nuttallii was paralleled by increasing water clarity and decreasing total phosphorus concentrations in the water. These changes were attributed to a rapid invasion by quagga mussels in 2012. In 2017, they covered about one-third of the lake area, with mean abundances of 3,600 mussels m-2, filtering up to twice the lake's volume every day. The increasing light availability in deeper littoral areas supported the rapid spread of waterweed, while in turn waterweed provided surface for mussel colonization. Quantities of dreissenid mussels and E. nuttallii measured at 24 locations were significantly correlated in 2016, and yearly means of E. nuttallii quantities increased with increasing mean dreissenid mussel quantities between 2011 and 2018. In 2018, both E. nuttallii and dreissenid abundances declined. These data imply that invasive waterweed and quagga mussels initially facilitated their establishment, supporting the invasional meltdown hypothesis, while subsequently competition for space may have occurred. Such temporal changes in invasive species interaction might contribute to the boom-bust dynamics that have been observed in Elodea populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wegner
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- Faculty VI: Planning, Building and Environment, Institute for Ecology, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Kronsbein
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mikael Gillefalk
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- Faculty VI: Planning, Building and Environment, Institute for Ecology, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jan Köhler
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Funke
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael T. Monaghan
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Hilt
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cao Y, Wang Y, Xu Z. Soil C:P Ratio along Elevational Gradients in Picea schrenkiana Forest of Tianshan Mountains. POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.3161/15052249pje2018.66.4.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue'e Cao
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Zhonglin Xu
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ersoy Z, Brucet S, Bartrons M, Mehner T. Short-term fish predation destroys resilience of zooplankton communities and prevents recovery of phytoplankton control by zooplankton grazing. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212351. [PMID: 30768619 PMCID: PMC6377254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Planktivorous fish predation directly affects zooplankton biomass, community and size structure, and may indirectly induce a trophic cascade to phytoplankton. However, it is not clear how quickly the zooplankton community structure and the cascading effects on phytoplankton recover to the unaffected state (i.e. resilience) once short-term predation by fish stops. The resilience has implications for the ecological quality and restoration measures in aquatic ecosystems. To assess the short-term zooplankton resilience against fish predation, we conducted a mesocosm experiment consisting of 10 enclosures, 6 with fish and 4 without fish. Plankton communities from a natural lake were used to establish phytoplankton and zooplankton in the mesocosms. High biomasses (about 20 g wet mass m-3) of juvenile planktivorous fish (perch, Perca fluviatilis) were allowed to feed on zooplankton in fish enclosures for four days. Thereafter, we removed fish and observed the recovery of the zooplankton community and its cascading effect on trophic interactions in comparison with no fish enclosures for four weeks. Short-term fish predation impaired resilience in zooplankton community by modifying community composition, as large zooplankton, such as calanoids, decreased just after fish predation and did not re-appear afterwards, whereas small cladocerans and rotifers proliferated. Total zooplankton biomass increased quickly within two weeks after fish removal, and at the end even exceeded the biomass measured before fish addition. Despite high biomass, the dominance of small zooplankton released phytoplankton from grazer control in fish enclosures. Accordingly, the zooplankton community did not recover from the effect of fish predation, indicating low short-term resilience. In contrast, in no fish enclosures without predation disturbance, a high zooplankton:phytoplankton biomass ratio accompanied by low phytoplankton yield (Chlorophyll-a:Total phosphorus ratio) reflected phytoplankton control by zooplankton over the experimental period. Comprehensive views on short and long-term resilience of zooplankton communities are essential for restoration and management strategies of aquatic ecosystems to better predict responses to global warming, such as higher densities of planktivorous fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Ersoy
- Aquatic Ecology Group, University of Vic- Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (ZE); (TM)
| | - Sandra Brucet
- Aquatic Ecology Group, University of Vic- Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Bartrons
- Aquatic Ecology Group, University of Vic- Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
| | - Thomas Mehner
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (ZE); (TM)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mei L, Yang X, Cao H, Zhang T, Guo J. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Alter Plant and Soil C:N:P Stoichiometries Under Warming and Nitrogen Input in a Semiarid Meadow of China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E397. [PMID: 30708940 PMCID: PMC6388220 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ecological stoichiometry has been widely used to determine how plant-soil systems respond to global change and to reveal which factors limit plant growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can increase plants' uptake of nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), thereby altering plant and soil stoichiometries. To understand the regulatory effect of AMF feedback on plants and soil stoichiometry under global change, a microcosm experiment was conducted with warming and N input. The C₄ grass Setaria viridis, C₃ grass Leymus chinensis, and Chenopodiaceae species Suaeda corniculata were studied. The results showed that the mycorrhizal benefits for the C₄ grass S. viridis were greater than those for the C₃ grass L. chinensis, whereas for the Chenopodiaceae species S. corniculata, AMF symbiosis was antagonistic. Under N input and a combination of warming and N input, AMF significantly decreased the N:P ratios of all three species. Under N input, the soil N content and the N:P ratio were decreased significantly in the presence of AMF, whereas the soil C:N ratio was increased. These results showed that AMF can reduce the P limitation caused by N input and improve the efficiency of nutrient utilization, slow the negative influence of global change on plant growth, and promote grassland sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Mei
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Xue Yang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Hongbing Cao
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Jixun Guo
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tan Q, Li J, Chen Z, Wang G, Jia Y, Yao H, Han W. Minimizing the effect of precipitation in clarifying the responses of leaf N and P stoichiometry to temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:404-409. [PMID: 30212795 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
How terrestrial ecosystem responds to global warming has received wide attention. Plant stoichiometry has the potential to reflect ecosystem responses to climate change, thus, investigating the variations in plant stoichiometry with temperature is important and necessary for revealing the responses of terrestrial ecosystem to global warming. Although many studies had explored the relationships between plant N, P stoichiometry and temperature, previous field investigations did not eliminate the interference of precipitation effect with these observed relationships. To minimize the effect of precipitation on leaf N, P stoichiometry, this investigation was conducted across a temperature gradient over broad geographical scale along the 400 mm isohyet, which extends about 6000 km in China. This study showed that leaf N did not vary, whereas leaf P decreased and leaf N:P ratio increased with increasing mean annual temperature (MAT). The responses of leaf N and P stoichiometry to MAT observed in this study might be general patterns; because they were almost ubiquitous across functional groups, genera and species examined, and moreover, they were independent of vegetation and soil type. It could be inferred from this study that global warming in future will have no effect on leaf N, but reduce leaf P and increase leaf N:P ratio. Stable leaf N and varied leaf P with changing MAT suggested that leaf N and P decoupled with changing temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiazhu Li
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zixun Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yufu Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongyan Yao
- Department of Ecology and Ecological Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenxuan Han
- Department of Ecology and Ecological Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Velthuis M, Kosten S, Aben R, Kazanjian G, Hilt S, Peeters ETHM, van Donk E, Bakker ES. Warming enhances sedimentation and decomposition of organic carbon in shallow macrophyte-dominated systems with zero net effect on carbon burial. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:5231-5242. [PMID: 30120802 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Temperatures have been rising throughout recent decades and are predicted to rise further in the coming century. Global warming affects carbon cycling in freshwater ecosystems, which both emit and bury substantial amounts of carbon on a global scale. Currently, most studies focus on the effect of warming on overall carbon emissions from freshwater ecosystems, while net effects on carbon budgets may strongly depend on burial in sediments. Here, we tested whether year-round warming increases the production, sedimentation, or decomposition of particulate organic carbon and eventually alters the carbon burial in a typical shallow freshwater system. We performed an indoor experiment in eight mesocosms dominated by the common submerged aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum testing two temperature treatments: a temperate seasonal temperature control and a warmed (+4°C) treatment (n = 4). During a full experimental year, the carbon stock in plant biomass, dissolved organic carbon in the water column, sedimented organic matter, and decomposition of plant detritus were measured. Our results showed that year-round warming nearly doubled the final carbon stock in plant biomass from 6.9 ± 1.1 g C in the control treatment to 12.8 ± 0.6 g C (mean ± SE), mainly due to a prolonged growing season in autumn. DOC concentrations did not differ between the treatments, but organic carbon sedimentation increased by 60% from 96 ± 9.6 to 152 ± 16 g C m-2 yaer-1 (mean ± SE) from control to warm treatments. Enhanced decomposition of plant detritus in the warm treatment, however, compensated for the increased sedimentation. As a result, net carbon burial was 40 ± 5.7 g C m-2 year-1 in both temperature treatments when fluxes were combined into a carbon budget model. These results indicate that warming can increase the turnover of organic carbon in shallow macrophyte-dominated systems, while not necessarily affecting net carbon burial on a system scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Velthuis
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarian Kosten
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ralf Aben
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Garabet Kazanjian
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Hilt
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edwin T H M Peeters
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen van Donk
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Ecology & Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth S Bakker
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu Z, Baoyin T, Duan J, Yang G, Sun J, Li X. Nutrient Characteristics in Relation to Plant Size of a Perennial Grass Under Grazing Exclusion in Degraded Grassland. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:295. [PMID: 29593759 PMCID: PMC5857597 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the linkages between nutrient properties and plant size is important for reducing uncertainty in understanding the mechanisms of plant phenotypic plasticity. Although the positive effects of grazing exclusion on plant morphological plasticity has been well documented, surprisingly little is known about the relationship of nutrient strategies with plant shoot size after long-term grazing exclusion. We experimentally investigated the impacts of grazing exclusion over time (0, 9, 15, and 35 years) on the relationships of nutrient traits (nutrient concentration, allocation, and stoichiometry) of with morphological plasticity in Leymus chinensis, which is a dominant species in grasslands of Inner Mongolia, China. Our results showed that there was a significantly negative correlation between the degrees of plasticity and stability of various morphological traits. Increases in plant size by 126.41, 164.17, and 247.47% were observed with the increase of grazing exclusion time of 9, 15, and 35 years, respectively. Plant size was negatively correlated with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, but was positively correlated with carbon (C) concentration. Biomass partitioning and leaf to stem ratios of nutrient concentrations contributed more than 95% of the changes in N, P, and C allocation in L. chinensis leaves and stems induced by grazing exclusions. Nine years' grazing exclusion rapidly changed the nutrient concentrations (averaged by -34.84%), leaf to stem nutrient allocations (averaged by -86.75%), and ecological stoichiometry (averaged by +46.54%) compared to free-grazing, whereas there was no significant trend of these nutrient traits across the 9, 15, and 35 years' grazing exclusion in L. chinensis individuals. Our findings suggest that with the increase of the duration of the grazing exclusion, time effects on plant performances gradually weakened both in plant morphological plasticity and nutrient properties. There is a significant negative effect between plant sizes and nutrient traits under long-term grazing exclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Taogetao Baoyin
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Junjie Duan
- National Forage Improvement Center, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Sun
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiliang Li
- National Forage Improvement Center, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology and Restoration of the Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang P, Grutters BMC, van Leeuwen CHA, Xu J, Petruzzella A, van den Berg RF, Bakker ES. Effects of Rising Temperature on the Growth, Stoichiometry, and Palatability of Aquatic Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1947. [PMID: 30671079 PMCID: PMC6331454 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is expected to strengthen herbivore-plant interactions leading to enhanced top-down control of plants. However, latitudinal gradients in plant quality as food for herbivores suggest lower palatability at higher temperatures, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. If plant palatability would decline with temperature rise, then this may question the expectation that warming leads to enhanced top-down control. Therefore, experiments that directly test plant palatability and the traits underlying palatability along a temperature gradient are needed. Here we experimentally tested the impact of temperature on aquatic plant growth, plant chemical traits (including stoichiometry) and plant palatability. We cultured three aquatic plant species at three temperatures (15, 20, and 25°C), measured growth parameters, determined chemical traits and performed feeding trial assays using the generalist consumer Lymnaea stagnalis (pond snail). We found that rising temperature significantly increased the growth of all three aquatic plants. Plant nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content significantly decreased, and carbon (C):N and C:P stoichiometry increased as temperature increased, for both Potamogeton lucens and Vallisneria spiralis, but not for Elodea nuttallii. By performing the palatability test, we found that rising temperatures significantly decreased plant palatability in P. lucens, which could be explained by changes in the underlying chemical plant traits. In contrast, the palatability of E. nuttallii and V. spiralis was not affected by temperature. Overall, P. lucens and V. spiralis were always more palatable than E. nuttallii. We conclude that warming generally stimulates aquatic plant growth, whereas the effects on chemical plant traits and plant palatability are species-specific. These results suggest that the outcome of the impact of temperature rise on macrophyte stoichiometry and palatability from single-species studies may not be broadly applicable. In contrast, the plant species tested consistently differed in palatability, regardless of temperature, suggesting that palatability may be more strongly linked to species identity than to intraspecific variation in plant stoichiometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Peiyu Zhang
| | - Bart M. C. Grutters
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Casper H. A. van Leeuwen
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Antonella Petruzzella
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Reinier F. van den Berg
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth S. Bakker
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|