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Ma X, Fan L, Ye S, Chen Y, Huang Y, Wu L, Zhao L, Yi B, Ma C, Tu J, Shen J, Fu T, Wen J. Identification of candidate genes associated with double flowers via integrating BSA-seq and RNA-seq in Brassica napus. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:799. [PMID: 39182038 PMCID: PMC11344426 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10708-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
As a Brassica crop, Brassica napus typically has single flowers that contain four petals. The double-flower phenotype of rapeseed has been a desirable trait in China because of its potential commercial value in ornamental tourism. However, few double-flowered germplasms have been documented in B. napus, and knowledge of the underlying genes is limited. Here, B. napus D376 was characterized as a double-flowered strain that presented an average of 10.92 ± 1.40 petals and other normal floral organs. F1, F2 and BC1 populations were constructed by crossing D376 with a single-flowered line reciprocally. Genetic analysis revealed that the double-flower trait was a recessive trait controlled by multiple genes. To identify the key genes controlling the double-flower trait, bulk segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) and RNA-seq analyses were conducted on F2 individual bulks with opposite extreme phenotypes. Through BSA-seq, one candidate interval was mapped at the region of chromosome C05: 14.56-16.17 Mb. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in carbohydrate metabolic processes, notably starch and sucrose metabolism. Interestingly, five and thirty-six DEGs associated with floral development were significantly up- and down-regulated, respectively, in the double-flowered plants. A combined analysis of BSA-seq and RNA-seq data revealed that five genes were candidates associated with the double flower trait, and BnaC05.ERS2 was the most promising gene. These findings provide novel insights into the breeding of double-flowered varieties and lay a theoretical foundation for unveiling the molecular mechanisms of floral development in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Centre of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liangmiao Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Centre of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shenhua Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Centre of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Centre of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Centre of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lumei Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Centre of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lun Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Centre of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Centre of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Centre of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Centre of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Centre of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Centre of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Centre of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Liu W, Zheng T, Qiu L, Guo X, Li P, Yong X, Li L, Ahmad S, Wang J, Cheng T, Zhang Q. A 49-bp deletion of PmAP2L results in a double flower phenotype in Prunus mume. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad278. [PMID: 38371636 PMCID: PMC10873580 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The double flower is an important trait with substantial ornamental value. While mutations in PETALOSA TOE-type or AG (AGAMOUS) genes play a crucial role in enhancing petal number in ornamental plants, the complete mechanism underlying the formation of double flowers remains to be fully elucidated. Through the application of bulked segregant analysis (BSA), we identified a novel gene, APETALA2-like (PmAP2L), characterized by a 49-bp deletion in double-flowered Prunus mume. β-Glucuronidase (GUS) staining and luciferase reporter assays confirmed that the 49-bp deletion in PmAP2L reduced its binding with Pmu-miRNA172a. Phylogenetic analysis and microsynteny analysis suggested that PmAP2L was not a PETALOSA TOE-type gene, and it might be a new gene controlling the formation of double flower in P. mume. Subsequently, overexpression of PmAP2L-D in tobacco led to a significant rise in the number of stamens and the conversion of stamens to petals. Furthermore, silencing of the homologue of RC5G0530900 in rose significantly reduced the number of petals. Using transient gene expression in P. mume flower buds, we determined the functional differences between PmAP2L-D and PmAP2-S in controlling flower development. Meanwhile, DNA-affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq), yeast hybrid assays and luciferase reporter assays indicated that PmAP2L negatively regulated the floral organ identity genes by forming a repressor complex with PmTPL and PmHDA6/19. Overall, these findings indicate that the variation in PmAP2L is associated with differences in the regulation of genes responsible for floral organ identity, providing new insights into the double-flower trait and double-flower breeding in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tangchun Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Like Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Sagheer Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tangren Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Wang Y, Pan Y, Peng L, Wang J. Seasonal variation of two floral patterns in Clematis 'Vyvyan Pennell' and its underlying mechanism. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:22. [PMID: 38166716 PMCID: PMC10759560 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04696-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Floral patterns are crucial for insect pollination and plant reproduction. Generally, once these patterns are established, they exhibit minimal changes under natural circumstances. However, the Clematis cultivar' Vyvyan Pennell', the apetalous lineage in the Ranunculaceae family, produces two distinct types of flowers during different seasons. The regulatory mechanism responsible for this phenomenon remains largely unknown. In this study, we aim to shed light on this floral development with shifting seasonal patterns by conducting extensive morphological, transcriptomic, and hormone metabolic analyses. Our findings are anticipated to contribute valuable insights into the diversity of flowers in the Ranunculaceae family. RESULTS The morphological analysis revealed that the presence of extra petaloid structures in the spring double perianth was a result of the transformation of stamens covered with trichomes during the 5th developmental stage. A de novo reference transcriptome was constructed by comparing buds and organs within double and single perianth from both seasons. A total of 209,056 unigenes were assembled, and 5826 genes were successfully annotated in all six databases. Among the 69,888 differentially expressed genes from the comparative analysis, 48 genes of utmost significance were identified. These critical genes are associated with various aspects of floral development. Interestingly, the A-, B-, and C-class genes exhibited a wider range of expression and were distinct within two seasons. The determination of floral organ identity was attributed to the collaborative functioning of all the three classes genes, aligning with a modified "fading border model". The phytohormones GA3, salicylic acid, and trans-zeatin riboside may affect the formation of the spring double perianth, whereas GA7 and abscisic acid may affect single flowers in autumn. CONCLUSIONS We presumed that the varying temperatures between the two seasons served as the primary factor in the alteration of floral patterns, potentially affecting the levels of plant hormones and expressions of organ identity genes. However, a more thorough investigation is necessary to fully comprehend the entire regulatory network. Nonetheless, our study provides some valuable informations for understanding the underlying mechanism of floral pattern alterations in Clematis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Science, Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China, Yunnan
| | - Yue Pan
- College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Science, Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China, Yunnan
| | - Lei Peng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Science, Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China, Yunnan.
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Wang J, Ye H, Li X, Lv X, Lou J, Chen Y, Yu S, Zhang L. Genome-Wide Analysis of the MADS-Box Gene Family in Hibiscus syriacus and Their Role in Floral Organ Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:406. [PMID: 38203576 PMCID: PMC10779063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hibiscus syriacus belongs to the Malvaceae family, and is a plant with medicinal, edible, and greening values. MADS-box transcription factor is a large family of regulatory factors involved in a variety of biological processes in plants. Here, we performed a genome-wide characterization of MADS-box proteins in H. syriacus and investigated gene structure, phylogenetics, cis-acting elements, three-dimensional structure, gene expression, and protein interaction to identify candidate MADS-box genes that mediate petal developmental regulation in H. syriacus. A total of 163 candidate MADS-box genes were found and classified into type I (Mα, Mβ, and Mγ) and type II (MIKC and Mδ). Analysis of cis-acting elements in the promoter region showed that most elements were correlated to plant hormones. The analysis of nine HsMADS expressions of two different H. syriacus cultivars showed that they were differentially expressed between two type flowers. The analysis of protein interaction networks also indicated that MADS proteins played a crucial role in floral organ identification, inflorescence and fruit development, and flowering time. This research is the first to analyze the MADS-box family of H. syriacus and provides an important reference for further study of the biological functions of the MADS-box, especially in flower organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (J.W.); (H.Y.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Heng Ye
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (J.W.); (H.Y.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xiaolong Li
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Xue Lv
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (J.W.); (H.Y.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jiaqi Lou
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (J.W.); (H.Y.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yulu Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (J.W.); (H.Y.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Shuhan Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (J.W.); (H.Y.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (J.W.); (H.Y.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (Y.C.)
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Nishihara M, Hirabuchi A, Goto F, Watanabe A, Yoshida C, Washiashi R, Odashima M, Nemoto K. Efficient double-flowered gentian plant production using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2023; 40:229-236. [PMID: 38420567 PMCID: PMC10901158 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.23.0424a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Japanese cultivated gentians are highly valued ornamental flowers in Japan, but the flower shape is mostly limited to the single-flower type, unlike other flowers such as roses and carnations. To overcome this limitation, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system to increase double-flowered genetic resources in gentians. Our approach targeted an AGAMOUS (AG) floral homeotic gene (AG1), which is responsible for the natural mutation that causes double flowers in gentians. We designed two targets in exon 1 of AG1 for genome editing and found that 9 of 12 herbicide-resistant shoots had biallelic mutations in the target regions of AG1. These nine lines all produced double flowers, with stamens converted into petaloid organs, similar to the natural mutant. We also analyzed the off-target effects of AG2, which is homologous to AG1, and found that such effects occurred in gentian genome editing but with low frequency. Furthermore, we successfully produced transgene-free genome-edited plants (null segregants) by crossing with wild-type pollen. F1 seedlings were subjected to PCR analysis to determine whether foreign DNA sequences, two partial regions of the CaMV35S promoter and Cas9 gene, were present in the genome. As a result, foreign genes were segregated at a 1 : 1 ratio, indicating successful null segregant production. Using PCR analysis, we confirmed that four representative null segregants did not contain transfer DNA. In summary, our study demonstrates that the CRISPR/Cas9 system can efficiently produce double-flowered gentians, and null segregants can also be obtained. These genome-edited plants are valuable genetic resources for future gentian breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nishihara
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, 22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Akiko Hirabuchi
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, 22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Fumina Goto
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, 22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Aiko Watanabe
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, 22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Chiharu Yoshida
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, 22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Rie Washiashi
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, 22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Masashi Odashima
- Iwate Agricultural Research Center, 20-1 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Keiichirou Nemoto
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, 22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
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Nie C, Xu X, Zhang X, Xia W, Sun H, Li N, Ding Z, Lv Y. Genome-Wide Identified MADS-Box Genes in Prunus campanulata 'Plena' and Theirs Roles in Double-Flower Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3171. [PMID: 37687417 PMCID: PMC10490222 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The MADS-box gene family plays key roles in flower induction, floral initiation, and floral morphogenesis in flowering plants. To understand their functions in the double-flower formation of Prunus campanulata 'Plena' (hereafter referred to as PCP), which is an excellent flowering cherry cultivar, we performed genome-wide identification of the MADS-box gene family. In this study, 71 MADS-box genes were identified and grouped into the Mα, Mβ, Mγ and MIKC subfamilies according to their structures and phylogenetic relationships. All 71 MADS-box genes were located on eight chromosomes of PCP. Analysis of the cis-acting elements in the promoter region of MADS-box genes indicated that they were associated mainly with auxin, abscisic acid, gibberellin, MeJA (methyl jasmonate), and salicylic acid responsiveness, which may be involved in floral development and differentiation. By observing the floral organ phenotype, we found that the double-flower phenotype of PCP originated from petaloid stamens. The analysis of MIKC-type MADS-box genes in PCP vegetative and floral organs by qRT-PCR revealed six upregulated genes involved in petal development and three downregulated genes participating in stamen identity. Comparative analysis of petaloid stamens and normal stamens also indicated that the expression level of the AG gene (PcMADS40) was significantly reduced. Thus, we speculated that these upregulated and downregulated genes, especially PcMADS40, may lead to petaloid stamen formation and thus double flowers. This study lays a theoretical foundation for MADS-box gene identification and classification and studying the molecular mechanism underlying double flowers in other ornamental plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoren Nie
- Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architecture, Wuhan 430081, China; (C.N.); (X.Z.); (W.X.); (H.S.); (N.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Xiaoguo Xu
- Wuhan Landscape Ecology Group Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architecture, Wuhan 430081, China; (C.N.); (X.Z.); (W.X.); (H.S.); (N.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Wensheng Xia
- Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architecture, Wuhan 430081, China; (C.N.); (X.Z.); (W.X.); (H.S.); (N.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Hongbing Sun
- Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architecture, Wuhan 430081, China; (C.N.); (X.Z.); (W.X.); (H.S.); (N.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Na Li
- Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architecture, Wuhan 430081, China; (C.N.); (X.Z.); (W.X.); (H.S.); (N.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zhaoquan Ding
- Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architecture, Wuhan 430081, China; (C.N.); (X.Z.); (W.X.); (H.S.); (N.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Yingmin Lv
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry of University, Beijing 100083, China
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Li J, Wang L, Chen X, Zeng L, Su Y, Liu Z. Characterization of Two AGAMOUS-like Genes and Their Promoters from the Cymbidium faberi (Orchidaceae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2740. [PMID: 37514354 PMCID: PMC10386245 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis AGAMOUS (AG) play roles in determining stamens' and carpels' identities, floral meristem determinacy, and repression of the A-function. Gynostemium fused by stamens and carpels is a characteristic reproductive structure in orchid flowers, which shows a considerable difference from the reproductive organs of eudicots and other monocot species. The molecular basis of orchid gynostemium development remains largely unknown. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of two AG-like genes, CyfaAG1 and CyfaAG2, and their promoters from C. faberi. Both CyfaAG1 and CyfaAG2 are highly expressed in the anther cap, gynostemium, and ovary. Ectopic expression of CyfaAG1 and CyfaAG2 promotes early flowering of wild-type Arabidopsis. Moreover, ectopic expression of CyfaAG1 completely rescues floral defects in the Arabidopsis ag-1 mutant, while ectopic expression of CyfaAG2 only completes filament and carpel development. Our findings suggest that CyfaAG1 acts as an evolutionarily conserved C-function gene in determining reproductive organ identity and mediating floral meristem determinacy. CyfaAG2 redundantly mediates the C-function in floral meristem determinacy and gynostemium development. Our results provided more details to understand how the C-class function has been partitioned in orchids, and the roles of two AG orthologs in regulating gynostemium development in C. faberi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiangjian Chen
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Lingtian Zeng
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yalan Su
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
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Wang H, Lu Y, Zhang T, Liu Z, Cao L, Chang Q, Liu Y, Lu X, Yu S, Li H, Jiang J, Liu G, Sederoff HW, Sederoff RR, Zhang Q, Zheng Z. The double flower variant of yellowhorn is due to a LINE1 transposon-mediated insertion. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1122-1137. [PMID: 36494195 PMCID: PMC9922402 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As essential organs of reproduction in angiosperms, flowers, and the genetic mechanisms of their development have been well characterized in many plant species but not in the woody tree yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium). Here, we focused on the double flower phenotype in yellowhorn, which has high ornamental value. We found a candidate C-class gene, AGAMOUS1 (XsAG1), through bovine serum albumin sequencing and genetics analysis with a Long Interpersed Nuclear Elements 1 (LINE1) transposable element fragment (Xsag1-LINE1-1) inserted into its second intron that caused a loss-of-C-function and therefore the double flower phenotype. In situ hybridization of XsAG1 and analysis of the expression levels of other ABC genes were used to identify differences between single- and double-flower development processes. These findings enrich our understanding of double flower formation in yellowhorn and provide evidence that transposon insertions into genes can reshape plant traits in forest trees.
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Gao M, Jiang W, Lin Z, Lin Q, Ye Q, Wang W, Xie Q, He X, Luo C, Chen Q. SMRT and Illumina RNA-Seq Identifies Potential Candidate Genes Related to the Double Flower Phenotype and Unveils SsAP2 as a Key Regulator of the Double-Flower Trait in Sagittaria sagittifolia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042240. [PMID: 35216356 PMCID: PMC8875719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Double flowers are one of the important objectives of ornamental plant breeding. Sagittaria sagittifolia is an aquatic herb in the Alismataceae family that is widely used as an ornamental plant in gardens. However, the reference genome has not been published, and the molecular regulatory mechanism of flower formation remains unclear. In this study, single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology combined with Illumina RNA-Seq was used to perform a more comprehensive analysis of S. sagittifolia for the first time. We obtained high-quality full-length transcripts, including 53,422 complete open reading frames, and identified 5980 transcription factors that belonged to 67 families, with many MADS-box genes involved in flower formation being obtained. The transcription factors regulated by plant hormone signals played an important role in the development of double flowers. We also identified an AP2 orthologous gene, SsAP2, with a deletion of the binding site for miR172, that overexpressed SsAP2 in S. sagittifolia and exhibited a delayed flowering time and an increased number of petals. This study is the first report of a full-length transcriptome of S. sagittifolia. These reference transcripts will be valuable resources for the analysis of gene structures and sequences, which provide a theoretical basis for the molecular regulatory mechanism governing the formation of double flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiping Gao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.G.); (Q.Y.); (W.W.); (Q.X.)
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (W.J.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Wen Jiang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (W.J.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (W.J.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qian Lin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (W.J.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qinghua Ye
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.G.); (Q.Y.); (W.W.); (Q.X.)
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.G.); (Q.Y.); (W.W.); (Q.X.)
| | - Qian Xie
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.G.); (Q.Y.); (W.W.); (Q.X.)
| | - Xinhua He
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China; (X.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Cong Luo
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China; (X.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Qingxi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.G.); (Q.Y.); (W.W.); (Q.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0771-324-3484
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10
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Zhao J, Gong P, Liu H, Zhang M, He C. Multiple and integrated functions of floral C-class MADS-box genes in flower and fruit development of Physalis floridana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:101-116. [PMID: 34424500 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work reveals potentially multiple and integrated roles in flower and fruit development of floral C-class MADS-box genes in Physalis. The Physalis fruit features a morphological novelty, the Chinese lantern. Floral C-class MADS-domain AGAMOUS-like (AG-like) proteins can interact with the identified regulators of this novel structure. However, the developmental role of the floral C-class genes is unknown in Physalis. Here, we characterized two AG-like genes from Physalis floridana, designated PFAG1 and PFAG2. The two paralogous genes shared around 61.0% of sequence identity and had similar expression domains, with different expression levels in the floral and berry development. However, the genes had distinct expression patterns in leaf and calyx development. Protein-protein interaction analyses revealed that PFAG1 and PFAG2 could commonly or specifically dimerize with certain floral MADS-domain proteins as well as non-MADS-domain proteins involved in various floral developmental processes. Gene downregulation analyses demonstrated that PFAG1 may repress PFAG2, but PFAG2 did not affect PFAG1. Downregulating PFAG1 led to incomplete floral homeotic variation in the stamens and carpels, and alteration of petal coloration pattern, while downregulating PFAG2 did not result in any floral homeotic variation. PFAG1 affected pollen maturation, while PFAG2 affected female fertility. However, simultaneously downregulating PFAG1 and PFAG2 caused loss of the complete C-function, indicating that the two PFAG genes interact to determine the identity and functionality of androecia and gynoecia organs. Their potential roles in regulating fruit size and the Chinese lantern are also discussed. Our results reveal functional divergence of floral C-class MADS-box genes in Physalis, demonstrating that they may play multiple and integrated roles in flower and fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pichang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingshu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chaoying He
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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11
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Cascales J, Acevedo RM, Paiva DI, Gottlieb AM. Differential DNA methylation and gene expression during development of reproductive and vegetative organs in Ilex species. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:559-575. [PMID: 33759060 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Differential epigenetic (DNA cytosine methylation) and gene expression patterns were investigated in reproductive and vegetative organs from Ilex paraguariensis and I. dumosa, at distinct developmental stages. We aimed at contributing towards elucidating major molecular changes underlying the sexual differentiation processes which, in these dioecious species, are completely unknown. Simultaneously, as a first step towards the development of an early sexing system, we searched for promising molecular markers. This was assessed through Methylation Sensitive Amplified Polymorphism (MSAP) and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism on cDNA (cDNA-AFLP) techniques, applying discriminant multivariate analyses, and bioinformatic characterization of differential fragments. A significant positive correlation was found between epigenetic and indirect 'genetic' information for both species, indicating influence of the genetic background on the epigenetic variation. Higher epigenetic than genetic diversities were estimated. Our outcomes showed up to 1.86 times more representation of mCG subepiloci than mCCG in all organs sampled. Along the maturing stages of floral buds, the frequency of mCG evidenced an incremental trend, whereas mCCG and unmethylated conditions showed opposite tendencies. Reproductive and vegetative samples tended to cluster apart based on epigenetic patterns; at gene expression level, organs exhibited clear-cut distinctive patterns, nonetheless profiles of young leaves and floral primordia resemble. Epigenetic and expression data allowed discrimination of I. dumosa´s samples according to the gender of the donor; more elusive patterns were observed for I. paraguariensis. In total, 102 differentially methylated and expressed fragments were characterized bioinformatically. Forty-three were annotated in various functional categories; four candidate markers were validated through qPCR, finding statistical differences among organs but not among sexes. The methylation condition of epilocus C13m33 appears as indicative of gender in both species. Thirty-three organ-specific and 34 gender-specific methylated markers were discriminated and deserve further research, particularly those expressed in leaves. Our study contributes concrete candidate markers with potential for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Cascales
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Evolución, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA, CONICET-UBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Raúl Maximiliano Acevedo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada y Genómica Funcional, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE, UNNE-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sargento Juan Bautista Cabral 2131, Corrientes, W3402BKG, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Daniela Ivana Paiva
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Montecarlo (INTA EEA Montecarlo), Av. El Libertador 2472, Misiones, N3384, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Alexandra Marina Gottlieb
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Evolución, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA, CONICET-UBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina.
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12
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Fambrini M, Usai G, Vangelisti A, Mascagni F, Pugliesi C. The plastic genome: The impact of transposable elements on gene functionality and genomic structural variations. Genesis 2020; 58:e23399. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fambrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE) University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Gabriele Usai
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE) University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Alberto Vangelisti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE) University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Flavia Mascagni
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE) University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Claudio Pugliesi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE) University of Pisa Pisa Italy
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13
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Chen MX, Zhang KL, Zhang M, Das D, Fang YM, Dai L, Zhang J, Zhu FY. Alternative splicing and its regulatory role in woody plants. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1475-1486. [PMID: 32589747 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is an important post-transcriptional process to enhance proteome diversity in eukaryotic organisms. In plants, numerous reports have primarily focused on AS analysis in model plant species or herbaceous plants, leading to a notable lack of research on AS in woody plants. More importantly, emerging evidence indicates that many important traits, including wood formation and stress resistance, in woody plants are controlled by AS. In this review article, we summarize the current progress of all kinds of AS studies in different tree species at various stages of development and in response to various stresses, revealing the significant role played by AS in woody plants, as well as the similar properties and differential regulation within their herbaceous counterparts. Furthermore, we propose several potential strategies to facilitate the functional characterization of splicing factors in woody plants and evaluate a general pipeline for the systematic characterization of splicing isoforms in a complex AS regulatory network. The utilization of genetic studies and high-throughput omics integration approaches to analyze AS genes and splicing factors is likely to further advance our understanding of AS modulation in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Xian Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Kai-Lu Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Debatosh Das
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yan-Ming Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lei Dai
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Fu-Yuan Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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14
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Jing D, Chen W, Hu R, Zhang Y, Xia Y, Wang S, He Q, Guo Q, Liang G. An Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome, Proteome and Hormones Reveals Key Differentially Expressed Genes and Metabolic Pathways Involved in Flower Development in Loquat. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5107. [PMID: 32698310 PMCID: PMC7404296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flower development is a vital developmental process in the life cycle of woody perennials, especially fruit trees. Herein, we used transcriptomic, proteomic, and hormone analyses to investigate the key candidate genes/proteins in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) at the stages of flower bud differentiation (FBD), floral bud elongation (FBE), and floral anthesis (FA). Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways of hormone signal transduction and starch and sucrose metabolism. Importantly, the DEGs of hormone signal transduction were significantly involved in the signaling pathways of auxin, gibberellins (GAs), cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid. Meanwhile, key floral integrator genes FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1) and floral meristem identity genes SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING LIKE (SPL), LEAFY (LFY), APETALA1 (AP1), and AP2 were significantly upregulated at the FBD stage. However, key floral organ identity genes AGAMOUS (AG), AP3, and PISTILLATA (PI) were significantly upregulated at the stages of FBE and FA. Furthermore, transcription factors (TFs) such as bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix), NAC (no apical meristem (NAM), Arabidopsis transcription activation factor (ATAF1/2) and cup-shaped cotyledon (CUC2)), MYB_related (myeloblastosis_related), ERF (ethylene response factor), and C2H2 (cysteine-2/histidine-2) were also significantly differentially expressed. Accordingly, comparative proteomic analysis of differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) and combined enrichment of DEGs and DAPs showed that starch and sucrose metabolism was also significantly enriched. Concentrations of GA3 and zeatin were high before the FA stage, but ABA concentration remained high at the FA stage. Our results provide abundant sequence resources for clarifying the underlying mechanisms of the flower development in loquat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.J.); (W.C.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (Q.H.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (R.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.J.); (W.C.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (Q.H.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (R.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ruoqian Hu
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (R.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (R.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.J.); (W.C.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (Q.H.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (R.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shuming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.J.); (W.C.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (Q.H.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (R.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qiao He
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.J.); (W.C.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (Q.H.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (R.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qigao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.J.); (W.C.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (Q.H.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (R.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Guolu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.J.); (W.C.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (Q.H.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (R.H.); (Y.Z.)
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15
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Abdirashid H, Lenhard M. Say it with double flowers. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2469-2471. [PMID: 32145014 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on:Gattolin, S, Cirilli M, Chessa S, et al. 2020. Mutations in orthologous PETALOSA TOE-type genes cause dominant double-flower phenotype in phylogenetically distant eudicots. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 2585–2595.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim Abdirashid
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Michael Lenhard
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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16
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Jing D, Chen W, Xia Y, Shi M, Wang P, Wang S, Wu D, He Q, Liang G, Guo Q. Homeotic transformation from stamen to petal in Eriobotrya japonica is associated with hormone signal transduction and reduction of the transcriptional activity of EjAG. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:893-908. [PMID: 31587280 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Double-flower loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) is a new germplasm with homeotic transformation of stamen into petal in whorl 3. However, little information is available on the molecular mechanism of this transformation. Herein, we analyzed the transcriptome, candidate genes and endogenous hormones to investigate the mechanisms underlying this homeotic transformation. Some transcription factors, such as MADS-box, TCP and MYB, were significantly differentially expressed. Importantly, we confirmed that one of these (DN39625_c0_g1), which encoded a C-class floral homeotic protein referred to as AGAMOUS ortholog (EjAG), was significantly downregulated. Subcellular localization of EjAG was found to be in the nucleus. Ectopic expression of EjAG rescued the development of stamens and carpels from the double-flower phenotype in an Arabidopsis ag mutant, suggesting that EjAG expression is associated with double-flower formation. Meanwhile, enrichment analyses showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in the metabolic pathways of hormone signal transduction. The DEGs of auxin, gibberellin A (GA) and cytokinin signaling pathways were mainly upregulated. However, the DEGs of abscisic acid (ABA) and the ethylene signaling pathway were mainly downregulated. Accordingly, the concentrations of indoleacetic acid, kinetin and GA3 were high at the petaloid stamen stage, but the ABA concentration remained low. The identified genes and pathways provide abundant sequence resources for studying the mechanisms underlying the homeotic transformation in loquat and other Rosaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao He
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guolu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qigao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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17
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Chen W, Wang P, Wang D, Shi M, Xia Y, He Q, Dang J, Guo Q, Jing D, Liang G. EjFRI, FRIGIDA ( FRI) Ortholog from Eriobotrya japonica, Delays Flowering in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031087. [PMID: 32041257 PMCID: PMC7038142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, FRIGIDA (FRI) is a key regulator of flowering time and can inhibit flowering without vernalization. However, little information is available on the function in the Rosaceae family. Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) belongs to the family Rosaceae and is a distinctive species, in which flowering can be induced without vernalization, followed by blooming in late-autumn or winter. To investigate the functional roles of FRI orthologs in this non-vernalization species, we isolated an FRI ortholog, dubbed as EjFRI, from loquat. Analyses of the phylogenetic tree and protein sequence alignment showed that EjFRI is assigned to eurosids I FRI lineage. Expression analysis revealed that the highest expression level of EjFRI was after flower initiation. Meanwhile, EjFRI was widely expressed in different tissues. Subcellular localization of EjFRI was only detected to be in the nucleus. Ectopic expression of EjFRI in wild-type Arabidopsis delayed flowering time. The expression levels of EjFRI in transgenic wild-type Arabidopsis were significantly higher than those of nontransgenic wild-type lines. However, the expression levels of AtFRI showed no significant difference between transgenic and nontransgenic wild-type lines. Furthermore, the upregulated AtFLC expression in the transgenic lines indicated that EjFRI functioned similarly to the AtFRI of the model plant Arabidopsis. Our study provides a foundation to further explore the characterization of EjFRI, and also contributes to illuminating the molecular mechanism about flowering in loquat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (W.C.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (W.C.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (W.C.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Min Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (W.C.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (W.C.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiao He
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (W.C.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiangbo Dang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (W.C.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qigao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (W.C.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Danlong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (W.C.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: (D.J.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-023-6825-0383 (D.J. & G.L.)
| | - Guolu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (W.C.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: (D.J.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-023-6825-0383 (D.J. & G.L.)
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Xia Y, Shi M, Chen W, Hu R, Jing D, Wu D, Wang S, Li Q, Deng H, Guo Q, Liang G. Expression Pattern and Functional Characterization of PISTILLATA Ortholog Associated With the Formation of Petaloid Sepals in Double-Flower Eriobotrya japonica (Rosaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1685. [PMID: 32010167 PMCID: PMC6978688 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Double-flower Eriobotrya japonica, of which one phenotype is homeotic transformation of sepals into petals, is a new germplasm for revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying the floral organ transformation. Herein, we analyzed the sequence, expression pattern and functional characterization of EjPI, which encoded a B-class floral homeotic protein referred to as PISTILLATA ortholog, from genetically cognate single-flower and double-flower E. japonica. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the EjPI gene was assigned to the rosids PI/GLO lineage. Analysis of protein sequence alignments showed that EjPI has typical domains of M, I, K, and C, and includes a distinctive PI motif at the C-terminal region. Compared with asterids PI/GLO lineage, the K1 and K3 subdomains of EjPI both contain a single amino acid difference. Subcellular localization of EjPI was determined to be in the nucleus. Expression pattern analysis revealed that EjPI expressed not only in petals, filament, and anther in single-flower E. japonica, but also in petaloid sepals in double-flower E. japonica. Meanwhile, there were high correlation between EjPI transcript level and petaloid area within a sepal. Furthermore, 35S::EjPI transgenic wild-type Arabidopsis caused the homeotic transformation of the first whorl sepals into petaloid sepals. Ectopic expression of EjPI in transgenic pi-1 mutant Arabidopsis rescued normal petals and stamens. These results suggest expression pattern of EjPI is associated with the formation of petaloid sepal. Our study provides the potential application of EjPI for biotechnical engineering to create petaloid sepals or regulate floral organ identity in angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruoqian Hu
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Danlong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingfen Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qigao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guolu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Wang Q, Dan N, Zhang X, Lin S, Bao M, Fu X. Identification, Characterization and Functional Analysis of C-Class Genes Associated with Double Flower Trait in Carnation ( Dianthus caryphyllus L.). PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9010087. [PMID: 31936710 PMCID: PMC7020439 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Flowers with more petals are of more ornamental value. It is well known that AGAMOUS (AG) is the core member of the C-class gene which plays an essential role in double flower formation and identification of stamens and carpels in Arabidopsisthaliana. We searched C-class genes in the genome of the carnation, and found two AG orthologs (DcaAGa, DcaAGb). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the two genes were closely related to the euAG subclade. Then we searched the genomes of other Caryophyllales plants (Beta vulgaris, Spinacia oleracea, Chenopodium quinoa) for C-class genes, and found that their C-class genes all belonged to the euAG subclade. Semi-quantitative PCR (sq-PCR) analysis indicated that the expression of DcaAG genes in the single flower phenotype was higher than that in the double flower phenotype. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expressions of DcaAG genes in the flower bud were significantly different from those in the root, stem, and leaf between the single and double flower phenotype carnations, and that DcaAG genes were specifically expressed in the stamen and carpel of carnation. Moreover, the expression of other floral organ identity genes (AP1 and AP2, PI and AP3, SEP1 and SEP3 corresponding to the A-, B-, and E-class of genes, respectively) showed no significant difference in all floral organs between the single and double flower phenotype carnations, suggesting that C-class (DcaAG) genes might play an important role in the double flower phenotype in carnation. Petal loss or decrease, precocious flowering, silique shortening, and seed sterility were observed in 35S::DcaAGa and 35S::DcaAGb transgenic Arabidopsis plants. All these results show that DcaAG genes might affect the petal number negatively and have a specific function in stamen and carpel development in carnation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.W.); (N.D.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (M.B.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China (pilot run), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Naizhen Dan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.W.); (N.D.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (M.B.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China (pilot run), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoni Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.W.); (N.D.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (M.B.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China (pilot run), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shengnan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.W.); (N.D.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (M.B.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China (pilot run), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Manzhu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.W.); (N.D.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (M.B.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China (pilot run), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaopeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.W.); (N.D.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (M.B.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China (pilot run), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-159-2625-8658; Fax: +86-027-8728-2010
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Ma J, Deng S, Jia Z, Sang Z, Zhu Z, Zhou C, Ma L, Chen F. Conservation and divergence of ancestral AGAMOUS/SEEDSTICK subfamily genes from the basal angiosperm Magnolia wufengensis. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:90-107. [PMID: 31553477 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AGAMOUS/SEEDSTICK (AG/STK) subfamily genes play crucial roles in the reproductive development of plants. However, most of our current knowledge of AG/STK subfamily genes is restricted to core eudicots and grasses, and the knowledge of ancestral exon-intron structures, expression patterns, protein-protein interaction patterns and functions of AG/STK subfamily genes remains unclear. To determine these, we isolated AG/STK subfamily genes (MawuAG1, MawuAG2 and MawuSTK) from a woody basal angiosperm Magnolia wufengensis (Magnoliaceae). MawuSTK arose from the gene duplication event occurring before the diversification of extant angiosperms, and MawuAG1 and MawuAG2 may result from a gene duplication event occurring before the divergence of Magnoliaceae and Lauraceae. Gene duplication led to apparent diversification in their expression and interaction patterns. It revealed that expression in both stamens and carpels likely represents the ancestral expression profiles of AG lineage genes, and expression of STK-like genes in stamens may have been lost soon after the appearance of the STK lineage. Moreover, AG/STK subfamily proteins may have immediately established interactions with the SEPALLATA (SEP) subfamily proteins following the emergence of the SEP subfamily; however, their interactions with the APETALA1/FRUITFULL subfamily proteins or themselves differ from those found in monocots and basal and core eudicots. MawuAG1 plays highly conserved roles in the determinacy of stamen, carpel and ovule identity, while gene duplication contributed to the functional diversification of MawuAG2 and MawuSTK. In addition, we investigated the evolutionary history of exon-intron structural changes of the AG/STK subfamily, and a novel splice-acceptor mode (GUU-AU) and the convergent evolution of N-terminal extension in the euAG and PLE subclades were revealed for the first time. These results further advance our understanding of ancestral AG/STK subfamily genes in terms of phylogeny, exon-intron structures, expression and interaction patterns, and functions, and provide strong evidence for the significance of gene duplication in the expansion and evolution of the AG/STK subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Shixin Deng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhongkui Jia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Ziyang Sang
- Forestry Bureau of Wufeng County, Yichang, 443002, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Zhonglong Zhu
- Wufeng Bo Ling Magnolia Wufengensis Technology Development Co., Ltd, Yichang, 443002, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Lvyi Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Faju Chen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
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