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Mariam I, Bettiga M, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Matsakas L, Patel A. Ameliorating microalgal OMEGA production using omics platforms. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:799-813. [PMID: 38350829 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the focus on omega (ω)-3 fatty acids from microalgae has intensified due to their diverse health benefits. Bioprocess optimization has notably increased ω-3 fatty acid yields, yet understanding of the genetic architecture and metabolic pathways of high-yielding strains remains limited. Leveraging genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics tools can provide vital system-level insights into native ω-3 fatty acid-producing microalgae, further boosting production. In this review, we explore 'omics' studies uncovering alternative pathways for ω-3 fatty acid synthesis and genome-wide regulation in response to cultivation parameters. We also emphasize potential targets to fine-tune in order to enhance yield. Despite progress, an integrated omics platform is essential to overcome current bottlenecks in optimizing the process for ω-3 fatty acid production from microalgae, advancing this crucial field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Mariam
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Maurizio Bettiga
- Department of Life Sciences - LIFE, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Innovation Unit, Italbiotec Srl Società Benefit, Milan, Italy
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Alok Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden.
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Yuan A, Sui F, Li S, Liu Y, Lu X, Lu Y, Fan Y. Transcriptome analysis of the effects of different carbon dioxide concentrations on paramylon accumulation in Euglena gracilis Z. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130114. [PMID: 38013030 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) will promote algae growth and metabolism. Building upon this finding, the present study investigated the impact of different CO2 concentrations (5% and 20%) on the carbon sequestration capacity of E. gracilis through aeration culturing, employing a combination of physiological analyses and transcriptome analysis. The results demonstrated that under 5% CO2 concentration, the cell density of E. gracilis was 1.79 times higher than that achieved in an air culture condition, and the paramylon content of E. gracilis was found to be 6.18 times higher than that of the air group. Based on transcriptome analysis, the carbon metabolism of E. gracilis was discussed. Significant up-regulation expression of genes associated with carbon synthesis was validated by an increase in paramylon content. This study revealed that under 5% CO2 conditions, E. gracilis exhibited elevated growth rate and enhanced photosynthetic carbon assimilation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anlong Yuan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Fengyang Sui
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Siping Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Xinxin Lu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Yang Lu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Yawen Fan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
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Gupta A, Kang K, Pathania R, Saxton L, Saucedo B, Malik A, Torres-Tiji Y, Diaz CJ, Dutra Molino JV, Mayfield SP. Harnessing genetic engineering to drive economic bioproduct production in algae. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1350722. [PMID: 38347913 PMCID: PMC10859422 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1350722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Our reliance on agriculture for sustenance, healthcare, and resources has been essential since the dawn of civilization. However, traditional agricultural practices are no longer adequate to meet the demands of a burgeoning population amidst climate-driven agricultural challenges. Microalgae emerge as a beacon of hope, offering a sustainable and renewable source of food, animal feed, and energy. Their rapid growth rates, adaptability to non-arable land and non-potable water, and diverse bioproduct range, encompassing biofuels and nutraceuticals, position them as a cornerstone of future resource management. Furthermore, microalgae's ability to capture carbon aligns with environmental conservation goals. While microalgae offers significant benefits, obstacles in cost-effective biomass production persist, which curtails broader application. This review examines microalgae compared to other host platforms, highlighting current innovative approaches aimed at overcoming existing barriers. These approaches include a range of techniques, from gene editing, synthetic promoters, and mutagenesis to selective breeding and metabolic engineering through transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gupta
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kalisa Kang
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ruchi Pathania
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Lisa Saxton
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Barbara Saucedo
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ashleyn Malik
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Yasin Torres-Tiji
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Crisandra J. Diaz
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - João Vitor Dutra Molino
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Stephen P. Mayfield
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- California Center for Algae Biotechnology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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Xue H, Dong Y, Li Z, Wang J, Yuan X, He F, Li Z, Gao X, Liu J. Transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms by which carbon dots regulate the growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 649:22-35. [PMID: 37331107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted increasing attention for their ability to artificially improve photosynthesis. Microalgal bioproducts have emerged as promising sources of sustainable nutrition and energy. However, the gene regulation mechanism of CDs on microalgae remains unexplored. The study synthesized red-emitting CDs and applied them to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Results showed that 0.5 mg/L-CDs acted as light supplements to promote cell division and biomass in C. reinhardtii. CDs improved the energy transfer of PS II, photochemical efficiency of PS II, and photosynthetic electron transfer. The pigment content and carbohydrate production slightly increased, while protein and lipid contents significantly increased (by 28.4% and 27.7%, respectively) in a short cultivation time. Transcriptome analysis identified 1166 differentially expressed genes. CDs resulted in faster cell growth by up-regulating the expression of genes associated with cell growth and death, promoting sister chromatid separation, accelerating the mitotic process and shortening the cell cycle. CDs improved the ability of energy conversion by up-regulating photosynthetic electron transfer-related genes. Carbohydrate metabolism-related genes were regulated and provided more available pyruvate for the citrate cycle. The study provides evidence for the genetic regulation of microalgal bioresources by artificially synthesized CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Xue
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710012, China.
| | - Yibei Dong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhihuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xiaolong Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Fei He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhengke Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jianxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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Sharma J, Mariam I, Suresh Kareya M, Pavan Jutur P, Joshi M, Bhatnagar A, Chaurasia AK, Nigam S. Metabolomic response of microalgae towards diclofenac sodium during its removal from water and concomitant recovery of pigments and lipids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 371:128617. [PMID: 36640815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the efficiency of freshwater green microalga, Chlorella sorokiniana for diclofenac sodium (DFS) removal, and metabolic response of alga to comprehend the metabolic pathways involved/affected during DFS decontamination. Results showed 91.51 % removal of DFS could be achieved within 9 days of algal treatment along with recovery of enhanced value-added bioresources i.e. chlorophyll, carotenoids, and lipids from the spent biomass. DFS also had an effect on enzyme activity including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and lipid peroxidation (MDA). Furthermore, metabolomics profiling provided an in-depth insight into changes in the metabolic response of C. sorokiniana wherein DFS induced 32 metabolites in microalgae compared to unexposed-control. This study offers microalgae as a green option for DFS removal, and the metabolomics study complemented with DFS could be an approach to understand the stress-induced strategies of C. sorokiniana for concomitant value-added products recovery in presence of DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Iqra Mariam
- Omics of Algae Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067 India; Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400 005, India
| | - Mukul Suresh Kareya
- Omics of Algae Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067 India; Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pannaga Pavan Jutur
- Omics of Algae Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Monika Joshi
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Akhilesh K Chaurasia
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Subhasha Nigam
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Li D, Zhao Q. Study of carbon fixation and carbon partitioning of evolved Chlorella sp.'s strain under different carbon dioxide conditions. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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7
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Waste carbon conversion and utilization in chemical wastewater treatment process: Experimental approaches from lab-to pilot-scale. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Rehmanji M, Nesamma AA, Khan NJ, Fatma T, Jutur PP. Media engineering in marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum employing cost-effective substrates for sustainable production of high-value renewables. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100684. [PMID: 35666486 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a marine diatom, rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and brown pigment, that is, fucoxanthin. These high-value renewables (HVRs) have a high commercial and nutritional relevance. In this study, our focus was to enhance the productivities of such renewables by employing media engineering strategy via., photoautotrophic (P1, P2, P3) and mixotrophic (M1, M2, M3, M4) modes of cultivation with varying substrate combinations of carbon (glycerol: 0.1 m) and nitrogen (urea: 441 mm and/or sodium nitrate: 882 mm). Our results demonstrate that mixotrophic [M4] condition supplemented with glycerol (0.1 m) and urea (441 mm) feed enhanced productivities (mg L-1 day-1 ) as follows: biomass (770.0), total proteins (36.0), total lipids (22.0), total carbohydrates (23.0) with fatty acid methyl esters (9.6), EPA (2.7), and fucoxanthin (1.1), respectively. The overall yield of EPA represents 28% of total fatty acids in the mixotrophic [M4] condition. In conclusion, our improved strategy of feeding urea to a glycerol-supplemented medium defines a new efficient biomass valorization paradigm with cost-effective substrates for the production of HVRs in oleaginous diatoms P. tricornutum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Rehmanji
- Omics of Algae Group, Industrial Biotechnology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Asha Arumugam Nesamma
- Omics of Algae Group, Industrial Biotechnology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Nida Jamil Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Tasneem Fatma
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Pannaga Pavan Jutur
- Omics of Algae Group, Industrial Biotechnology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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Multi-Fold Enhancement of Tocopherol Yields Employing High CO2 Supplementation and Nitrate Limitation in Native Isolate Monoraphidium sp. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081315. [PMID: 35455994 PMCID: PMC9032582 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tocopherols are the highly active form of the antioxidant molecules involved in scavenging of free radicals and protect the cell membranes from reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present study, we focused on employing carbon supplementation with varying nitrate concentrations to enhance the total tocopherol yields in the native isolate Monoraphidium sp. CABeR41. The total tocopherol productivity of NRHC (Nitrate replete + 3% CO2) supplemented was (306.14 µg·L−1 d−1) which was nearly 2.5-fold higher compared to NRVLC (Nitrate replete + 0.03% CO2) (60.35 µg·L−1 d−1). The best tocopherol productivities were obtained in the NLHC (Nitrate limited + 3% CO2) supplemented cells (734.38 µg·L−1 d−1) accompanied by a significant increase in cell biomass (2.65-fold) and total lipids (6.25-fold). Further, global metabolomics using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was done in the defined conditions to elucidate the molecular mechanism during tocopherol accumulation. In the present study, the Monoraphidium sp. responded to nitrogen limitation by increase in nitrogen assimilation, with significant upregulation in gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA). Moreover, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle upregulation depicted increased availability of carbon skeletons and reducing power, which is leading to increased biomass yields along with the other biocommodities. In conclusion, our study depicts valorization of carbon dioxide as a cost-effective alternative for the enhancement of biomass along with tocopherols and other concomitant products like lipids and carotenoids in the indigenous strain Monoraphidium sp., as an industrial potential strain with relevance in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
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Santin A, Russo MT, Ferrante MI, Balzano S, Orefice I, Sardo A. Highly Valuable Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Microalgae: Strategies to Improve Their Yields and Their Potential Exploitation in Aquaculture. Molecules 2021; 26:7697. [PMID: 34946780 PMCID: PMC8707597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have a great potential for the production of healthy food and feed supplements. Their ability to convert carbon into high-value compounds and to be cultured in large scale without interfering with crop cultivation makes these photosynthetic microorganisms promising for the sustainable production of lipids. In particular, microalgae represent an alternative source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), whose consumption is related to various health benefits for humans and animals. In recent years, several strategies to improve PUFAs' production in microalgae have been investigated. Such strategies include selecting the best performing species and strains and the optimization of culturing conditions, with special emphasis on the different cultivation systems and the effect of different abiotic factors on PUFAs' accumulation in microalgae. Moreover, developments and results obtained through the most modern genetic and metabolic engineering techniques are described, focusing on the strategies that lead to an increased lipid production or an altered PUFAs' profile. Additionally, we provide an overview of biotechnological applications of PUFAs derived from microalgae as safe and sustainable organisms, such as aquafeed and food ingredients, and of the main techniques (and their related issues) for PUFAs' extraction and purification from microalgal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Santin
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (M.T.R.); (S.B.); (I.O.)
| | - Monia Teresa Russo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (M.T.R.); (S.B.); (I.O.)
| | - Maria Immacolata Ferrante
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (M.T.R.); (S.B.); (I.O.)
| | - Sergio Balzano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (M.T.R.); (S.B.); (I.O.)
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Netherland Institute for Sea Research, Landsdiep 4, 1793 AB Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Ida Orefice
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (M.T.R.); (S.B.); (I.O.)
| | - Angela Sardo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (M.T.R.); (S.B.); (I.O.)
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti “Eduardo Caianiello”, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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Mariam I, Kareya MS, Rehmanji M, Nesamma AA, Jutur PP. Channeling of Carbon Flux Towards Carotenogenesis in Botryococcus braunii: A Media Engineering Perspective. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:693106. [PMID: 34394032 PMCID: PMC8358449 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.693106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae, due to their unique properties, gained attention for producing promising feedstocks having high contents of proteins, antioxidants, carotenoids, and terpenoids for applications in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Optimizing production of the high-value renewables (HVRs) in microalgae requires an in-depth understanding of their functional relationship of the genes involved in these metabolic pathways. In the present study, bioinformatic tools were employed for characterization of the protein-encoding genes of methyl erythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway involved in carotenoid and squalene biosynthesis based upon their conserved motif/domain organization. Our analysis demonstrates nearly 200 putative genes showing a conservation pattern within divergent microalgal lineages. Furthermore, phylogenomic studies confirm the close evolutionary proximity among these microalgal strains in the carotenoid and squalene biosynthetic pathways. Further analysis employing STRING predicts interactions among two rate-limiting genes, i.e., phytoene synthase (PSY) and farnesyl diphosphate farnesyl synthase (FPPS), which are specifically involved in the synthesis of carotenoids and squalene. Experimentally, to understand the carbon flux of these rate-limiting genes involved in carotenogenesis, an industrial potential strain, namely, Botryococcus braunii, was selected in this study for improved biomass productivity (i.e., 100 mg L-1 D-1) along with enhanced carotenoid content [0.18% dry cell weight (DCW)] when subjected to carbon supplementation. In conclusion, our approach of media engineering demonstrates that the channeling of carbon flux favors carotenogenesis rather than squalene synthesis. Henceforth, employing omics perspectives will further provide us with new insights for engineering regulatory networks for enhanced production of high-value carbon biorenewables without compromising growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Mariam
- Omics of Algae Group and DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Industrial Biotechnology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukul Suresh Kareya
- Omics of Algae Group and DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Industrial Biotechnology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed Rehmanji
- Omics of Algae Group and DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Industrial Biotechnology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Asha Arumugam Nesamma
- Omics of Algae Group and DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Industrial Biotechnology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Pannaga Pavan Jutur
- Omics of Algae Group and DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Industrial Biotechnology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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12
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Mariam I, Kareya MS, Nesamma AA, Jutur PP. Delineating metabolomic changes in native isolate Aurantiochytrium for production of docosahexaenoic acid in presence of varying carbon substrates. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Ma R, Wang B, Chua ET, Zhao X, Lu K, Ho SH, Shi X, Liu L, Xie Y, Lu Y, Chen J. Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Microalgae for Enhanced Co-Production of Multiple Compounds. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18090467. [PMID: 32948074 PMCID: PMC7551828 DOI: 10.3390/md18090467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae are regarded as potential feedstock because of their multiple valuable compounds, including lipids, pigments, carbohydrates, and proteins. Some of these compounds exhibit attractive bioactivities, such as carotenoids, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, and peptides. However, the production cost of bioactive compounds is quite high, due to the low contents in marine microalgae. Comprehensive utilization of marine microalgae for multiple compounds production instead of the sole product can be an efficient way to increase the economic feasibility of bioactive compounds production and improve the production efficiency. This paper discusses the metabolic network of marine microalgal compounds, and indicates their interaction in biosynthesis pathways. Furthermore, potential applications of co-production of multiple compounds under various cultivation conditions by shifting metabolic flux are discussed, and cultivation strategies based on environmental and/or nutrient conditions are proposed to improve the co-production. Moreover, biorefinery techniques for the integral use of microalgal biomass are summarized. These techniques include the co-extraction of multiple bioactive compounds from marine microalgae by conventional methods, super/subcritical fluids, and ionic liquids, as well as direct utilization and biochemical or thermochemical conversion of microalgal residues. Overall, this review sheds light on the potential of the comprehensive utilization of marine microalgae for improving bioeconomy in practical industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Ma
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Baobei Wang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China;
| | - Elvis T. Chua
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Xurui Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kongyong Lu
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xinguo Shi
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Lemian Liu
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Youping Xie
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (J.C.); Tel.: +86-591-22866373 (Y.X. & J.C.)
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (J.C.); Tel.: +86-591-22866373 (Y.X. & J.C.)
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