1
|
Chihomvu P, Ganesan A, Gibbons S, Woollard K, Hayes MA. Phytochemicals in Drug Discovery-A Confluence of Tradition and Innovation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8792. [PMID: 39201478 PMCID: PMC11354359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals have a long and successful history in drug discovery. With recent advancements in analytical techniques and methodologies, discovering bioactive leads from natural compounds has become easier. Computational techniques like molecular docking, QSAR modelling and machine learning, and network pharmacology are among the most promising new tools that allow researchers to make predictions concerning natural products' potential targets, thereby guiding experimental validation efforts. Additionally, approaches like LC-MS or LC-NMR speed up compound identification by streamlining analytical processes. Integrating structural and computational biology aids in lead identification, thus providing invaluable information to understand how phytochemicals interact with potential targets in the body. An emerging computational approach is machine learning involving QSAR modelling and deep neural networks that interrelate phytochemical properties with diverse physiological activities such as antimicrobial or anticancer effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patience Chihomvu
- Compound Synthesis and Management, Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - A. Ganesan
- School of Chemistry, Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;
| | - Simon Gibbons
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mawz 616, Oman;
| | - Kevin Woollard
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK;
| | - Martin A. Hayes
- Compound Synthesis and Management, Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ruan T, Xiang ZR, Zhang YW, Fan SR, Ren J, Zhao Q, Sun XL, Wu SL, Xu LL, Qiao M, Jing CX, Hao XJ, Chen DZ. Diterpenoids target SARS-CoV-2 RdRp from the roots of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1425759. [PMID: 39119497 PMCID: PMC11306077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1425759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Currently, the development of new antiviral drugs against COVID-19 remains of significant importance. In traditional Chinese medicine, the herb Euphorbia fischeriana Steud is often used for antiviral treatment, yet its therapeutic effect against the COVID-19 has been scarcely studied. Therefore, this study focuses on the roots of E. fischeriana Steud, exploring its chemical composition, antiviral activity against COVID-19, and the underlying basis of its antiviral activity. Methods Isolation and purification of phytochemicals from E. fischeriana Steud. The elucidation of their configurations was achieved through a comprehensive suite of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses as well as X-ray diffraction. Performed cytopathic effect assays of SARS-CoV-2 using Vero E6 cells. Used molecular docking to screen for small molecule ligands with binding to SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. Microscale thermophoresis (MST) was used to determine the dissociation constant Kd. Results Ultimately, nine new ent-atisane-type diterpenoid compounds were isolated from E. fischeriana Steud, named Eupfisenoids A-I (compounds 1-9). The compound of 1 was established as a C-19-degraded ent-atisane-type diterpenoid. During the evaluation of these compounds for their antiviral activity against COVID-19, compound 1 exhibited significant antiviral activity. Furthermore, with the aid of computer virtual screening and microscale thermophoresis (MST) technology, it was found that this compound could directly bind to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, NSP12) of the COVID-19, a key enzyme in virus replication. This suggests that the compound inhibits virus replication by targeting RdRp. Discussion Through this research, not only has our understanding of the antiviral components and material basis of E. fischeriana Steud been enriched, but also the potential of atisane-type diterpenoid compounds as antiviral agents against COVID-19 has been discovered. The findings mentioned above will provide valuable insights for the development of drugs against COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, China
- Research Unit of Chemical Biology of Natural Anti-Virus Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zheng-Rui Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Research Unit of Chemical Biology of Natural Anti-Virus Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yun-Wu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Research Unit of Chemical Biology of Natural Anti-Virus Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Shi-Rui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Research Unit of Chemical Biology of Natural Anti-Virus Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Long Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Shi-Li Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Li-Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Miao Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Chen-Xu Jing
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, China
| | - Duo-Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Immune System and Epidemics: The Role of African Indigenous Bioactive Substances. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020273. [PMID: 36678143 PMCID: PMC9864875 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With over 6 million coronavirus pandemic deaths, the African continent reported the lowest death rate despite having a high disease burden. The African community's resilience to the pandemic has been attributed to climate and weather conditions, herd immunity, repeated exposure to infectious organisms that help stimulate the immune system, and a disproportionately large youth population. In addition, functional foods, herbal remedies, and dietary supplements contain micronutrients and bioactive compounds that can help boost the immune system. This review identified significant traditional fermented foods and herbal remedies available within the African continent with the potential to boost the immune system in epidemics and pandemics. Methodology: Databases, such as PubMed, the Web of Science, and Scopus, were searched using relevant search terms to identify traditional African fermented foods and medicinal plants with immune-boosting or antiviral capabilities. Cereal-based fermented foods, meat-, and fish-based fermented foods, and dairy-based fermented foods containing antioxidants, immunomodulatory effects, probiotics, vitamins, and peptides were identified and discussed. In addition, nine herbal remedies and spices belonging to eight plant families have antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and antiviral properties. Peptides, flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols, ascorbic acid, minerals, vitamins, and saponins are some of the bioactive compounds in the remedies. Bioactive compounds in food and plants significantly support the immune system and help increase resistance against infectious diseases. The variety of food and medicinal plants found on the African continent could play an essential role in providing community resilience against infectious diseases during epidemics and pandemics. The African continent should investigate nutritional, herbal, and environmental factors that support healthy living and longevity.
Collapse
|
4
|
Senghor AS, Mbaye MS, Diop R, Tosam MJ, Kabou P, Niang A, Okoye G. Towards a transactional medicine approach to combating global emerging pathogens: the case of COVID-19. Glob Public Health 2023; 18:2272710. [PMID: 37917803 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2023.2272710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
When the COVID-19 pandemic struck and China reported the first case to the World Health Organization in December 2019, there was no evidence-based treatment to combat it. With the catastrophic situation that followed, materialised by a considerable number of deaths, researchers, doctors, traditional healers, and governments of all nations committed themselves to find therapeutic solutions, including preventive and curative. There are effective treatments offered both by modern medicine and traditional medicine for COVID-19 today. However, other therapeutic proposals have not been approved due to the lack of effectiveness and scientific rigour during their development process. Proponents of modern medicine prefer biomedical therapies while in some countries, traditional treatments are used regularly because of their availability, affordability and satisfaction they bring to the population. In this paper, we propose a transactional medicine approach where the interaction between traditional and modern medicine produces a change. With this approach, the promoters of traditional medicine and those of modern medicine will be able to acquire knowledge through the experience produced by their encounters. Transactional medicine aims to be a model for decolonising medicine and recognising the value of both traditional and modern medicine in the fight against COVID-19 and other global emerging pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdou Simon Senghor
- Department of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes Research (P-SHOR), University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mame Salah Mbaye
- Department sociétés, territoires et développement, chaire de recherche du Canada en Innovation sociale et développement du territoire, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada
| | - Rougui Diop
- Department of Sociology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mbih Jerome Tosam
- Department of Philosophy, The University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Patrick Kabou
- Department of Law, University of Toulouse 1 Capitole, Toulouse, France
| | - Abdoulaye Niang
- Department of Sociology, Gaston Berger University, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Godwin Okoye
- Department of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes Research (P-SHOR), University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rummun N, Payne B, Blom van Staden A, Twilley D, Houghton B, Horrocks P, Li WW, Lall N, Bahorun T, Neergheen VS. Pluripharmacological potential of Mascarene endemic plant leaf extracts. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
6
|
Khalid W, Arshad MS, Ranjha MMAN, Różańska MB, Irfan S, Shafique B, Rahim MA, Khalid MZ, Abdi G, Kowalczewski PŁ. Functional constituents of plant-based foods boost immunity against acute and chronic disorders. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:1075-1093. [PMID: 36133422 PMCID: PMC9462539 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based foods are becoming an increasingly frequent topic of discussion, both scientific and social, due to the dissemination of information and exchange of experiences in the media. Plant-based diets are considered beneficial for human health due to the supply of many valuable nutrients, including health-promoting compounds. Replacing meat-based foods with plant-based products will provide many valuable compounds, including antioxidants, phenolic compounds, fibers, vitamins, minerals, and some ω3 fatty acids. Due to their high nutritional and functional composition, plant-based foods are beneficial in acute and chronic diseases. This article attempts to review the literature to present the most important data on nutrients of plant-based foods that can then help in the prevention of many diseases, such as different infections, such as coronavirus disease, pneumonia, common cold and flu, asthma, and bacterial diseases, such as bronchitis. A properly structured plant-based diet not only provides the necessary nutrients but also can help in the prevention of many diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid Arshad
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Maria Barbara Różańska
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Shafeeqa Irfan
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Bakhtawar Shafique
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdul Rahim
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Curcumin-Encapsulated Nanomicelles Improve Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity in Cisplatin-Resistant Human Oral Cancer Cells. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040158. [PMID: 36278627 PMCID: PMC9589971 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer has a high mortality rate, which is mostly determined by the stage of the disease at the time of admission. Around half of all patients with oral cancer report with advanced illness. Hitherto, chemotherapy is preferred to treat oral cancer, but the emergence of resistance to anti-cancer drugs is likely to occur after a sequence of treatments. Curcumin is renowned for its anticancer potential but its marred water solubility and poor bioavailability limit its use in treating multidrug-resistant cancers. As part of this investigation, we prepared and characterized Curcumin nanomicelles (CUR-NMs) using DSPE-PEG-2000 and evaluated the anticancer properties of cisplatin-resistant cancer cell lines. The prepared CUR-NMs were sphere-shaped and unilamellar in structure, with a size of 32.60 ± 4.2 nm. CUR-NMs exhibited high entrapment efficiency (82.2%), entrapment content (147.96 µg/mL), and a mean zeta potential of −17.5ζ which is considered moderately stable. The cellular uptake and cytotoxicity studies revealed that CUR-NMs had significantly higher cytotoxicity and cellular uptake in cisplatin drug-resistant oral cancer cell lines and parental oral cancer cells compared to plain curcumin (CUR). The DAPI and FACS analysis corroborated a high percentage of apoptotic cells with CUR-NMs (31.14%) compared to neat CUR (19.72%) treatment. Conclusively, CUR-NMs can potentially be used as an alternative carrier system to improve the therapeutic effects of curcumin in the treatment of cisplatin-resistant human oral cancer.
Collapse
|
8
|
Phytochemical Characterization, Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Enzymatic and Cytotoxic Effects of Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte Extracts: A New Source of Bioactive Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185886. [PMID: 36144622 PMCID: PMC9500874 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte is recognized medicinally given its long-standing ethnopharmacological uses in different parts of the world. Nonetheless, the pharmacological properties of the leaves of the plant have been poorly studied by the scientific community. Hence, this study aimed to decipher the phytochemicals; quantify through HPLC-ESI-MS analysis the plant’s biosynthesis; and evaluate the antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, amylase, glucosidase, cholinesterase, and cytotoxicity potential on normal (NIH 3T3) and human liver and human colon cancer (HepG2 and HT 29) cell lines of this plant species. The aqueous extract contained the highest content of phenolics and phenolic acid, methanol extracted the most flavonoid, and the most flavonol was extracted by ethyl acetate. The one-way ANOVA results demonstrated that all results obtained were statistically significant at p < 0.05. A total of 25 phytoconstituents were identified from the different extracts, with phenolic acids and flavonoids being the main metabolites. The highest antioxidant potential was recorded for the aqueous extract. The best anti-tyrosinase extract was the methanolic extract. The ethyl acetate extract of A. verlotiorum had the highest flavonol content and hence was most active against the cholinesterase enzymes. The ethyl acetate extract was the best α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitor. The samples of Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte in both aqueous and methanolic extracts were found to be non-toxic after 48 h against NIH 3T3 cells. In HepG2 cells, the methanolic extract was nontoxic up to 125 µg/mL, and an IC50 value of 722.39 µg/mL was recorded. The IC50 value exhibited in methanolic extraction of A. verlotiorum was 792.91 µg/mL in HT29 cells. Methanolic extraction is capable of inducing cell cytotoxicity in human hepatocellular carcinoma without damaging normal cells. Hence, A. verlotiorum can be recommended for further evaluation of its phytochemical and medicinal properties.
Collapse
|
9
|
Walusansa A, Asiimwe S, Ssenku JE, Anywar G, Namara M, Nakavuma JL, Kakudidi EK. Herbal medicine used for the treatment of diarrhea and cough in Kampala city, Uganda. Trop Med Health 2022; 50:5. [PMID: 34991719 PMCID: PMC8739351 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, diarrheal and respiratory diseases are among the main causes of mortality and morbidity. In Uganda, cities are facing proliferation of trade in herbal medicines (HM), including those for diarrhea and/or cough. Information on the economic, and the ethnopharmacological aspects of these HM is scarce, deterring the sector from achieving optimal capacity to support national development. We profiled the anti-diarrhea and/or anti-cough HM, and the basic economic aspects of HM trade in Kampala city, to support ethnopharmacological knowledge conservation and strategic planning. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 65 herbalists using semi-structured questionnaires. This was supplemented by an observational survey using a high-resolution digital camera. Data were collected following the guidelines for research on HM, established by Uganda National Drug Authority, and World Health organization. RESULTS Eighty-four plant species from 41 families were documented. Fabaceae and Myricaceae had the highest number of species (9, 10.7% each). Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck was the most commonly cited for cough, with a relative frequency of citation (RFC) of 1.00, and its relative medical importance was not significantly different from the other top 5 species except for Azadirachta indica A.Juss (RFC = 0.87). Entada abyssinica A. Rich (RFC = 0.97) was the most cited for diarrhea. Trees (34, 40.5%) were mostly used, and mainly harvested from wild habitats (55.2%) in 20 districts across Uganda. These HM were mainly sold as powders and concoctions, in markets, shops, pharmacies, and roadside or mobile stalls. The highest prices were Uganda Shillings (UGX) 48,000 ($13.15)/kg for Allium sativum L, and UGX 16,000 ($4.38)/kg for C. limon. All participants used HM trade as a sole source of basic needs; majority (60.0%) earned net monthly profit of UGX. 730,000 ($200) ≤ 1,460,000 ($400). The main hindrances to HM trade were the; disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 65, 100%), and the scarcity of medicinal plants (58, 89.2%). CONCLUSION There is a rich diversity of medicinal plant species traded in Kampala to treat diarrhea and cough. The HM trade significantly contributes to the livelihoods of the traders in Kampala, as well as the different actors along the HM value chain throughout the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Walusansa
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Habib Medical School, Islamic University in Uganda, Kampala, Uganda.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda.
| | - Savina Asiimwe
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jamilu E Ssenku
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Godwin Anywar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Milbert Namara
- College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Cir, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Jesca L Nakavuma
- Department of Biomolecular and Biolaboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Esezah K Kakudidi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Душенков B, Душенкова A. [Not Available]. PAEMI SINO 2022; 24:113-122. [PMID: 36225268 PMCID: PMC9553026 DOI: 10.25005/2074-0581-2022-24-1-113-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Высокая заболеваемость и смертность от COVID-19 привели к чрезвычайной ситуации в области здравоохранения во всём мире, вызвав активизацию и консолидацию усилий в соответствующих областях научных исследований и практике здравоохранения.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Душенков
- Кафедра естественных наук Колледжа Хостос Коммьюнити, Городской университет Нью-Йорка, Бронкс, Нью-Йорк, США
| | - A Душенкова
- Институт фармации и наук о здоровье, Университет Фэрли Дикинсона, Флорхам Парк, Нью-Джерси, США
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abubakar IB, Kankara SS, Malami I, Danjuma JB, Muhammad YZ, Yahaya H, Singh D, Usman UJ, Ukwuani-Kwaja AN, Muhammad A, Ahmed SJ, Folami SO, Falana MB, Nurudeen QO. Traditional medicinal plants used for treating emerging and re-emerging viral diseases in northern Nigeria. Eur J Integr Med 2022; 49:102094. [PMID: 36573184 PMCID: PMC9760313 DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2021.102094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction For decades, viral diseases have been treated using medicinal plants and herbal practices in the northern part of Nigeria. Though scarcely investigated, these medicinal plants could serve as potential sources for novel antiviral drugs against emerging and remerging viral diseases. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the medicinal practices and plants used to treat emerging and re-emerging viral diseases including hepatitis, poliomyelitis, monkeypox, smallpox, yellow fever, Lassa fever, meningitis, and COVID-19 in some northern states; Katsina, Kebbi, Kwara and Sokoto states. Method Administered questionnaires and oral interviews were used to collect information on medicinal plants, method of preparation of herbal formulations, diagnosis, and treatment of viral diseases. Medicinal plants were collected, botanically identified, and assigned voucher numbers. The plant names were verified using www.theplantlist.org, www.worldfloraonline.org and the international plant names index. Result A total of 280 participating herbal medicine practitioners (HMPs) mentioned 131 plants belonging to 65 families. Plant parts such as roots, bark, leaf, seed, and fruit were prepared as a decoction, concoction, infusion, or ointment for oral and topical treatment of viral diseases. Moringa oleifera (75.3%), Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (80%), and Acacia nilotica (70%) were the most frequently mentioned plants in Kebbi, Kwara and Sokoto states, respectively. Conclusion The study revealed scarcely investigated and uninvestigated medicinal plants used to treat hepatitis, poliomyelitis, monkeypox, smallpox, yellow fever, Lassa fever, meningitis, and COVID-19. Future studies should be conducted to determine the antiviral potency and isolate novel bioactive agents from these plants against viral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Babangida Abubakar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria,Corresponding author
| | - Sulaiman Sani Kankara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, PMB 2218 Katsina State, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Malami
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodio University Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Jamilu Bala Danjuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | | | - Hafsat Yahaya
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodio University Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Dharmendra Singh
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Umar Jaji Usman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Angela Nnenna Ukwuani-Kwaja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 810271, Nigeria
| | - Sanusi Jega Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Sulaimon Olayiwola Folami
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rafiqul Islam A, Ferdousi J, Shahinozzaman M. Previously published ethno-pharmacological reports reveal the potentiality of plants and plant-derived products used as traditional home remedies by Bangladeshi COVID-19 patients to combat SARS-CoV-2. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6653-6673. [PMID: 34305428 PMCID: PMC8285211 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several plants have traditionally been used since antiquity to treat various gastroenteritis and respiratory symptoms similar to COVID-19 outcomes. The common symptoms of COVID-19 include fever or chills, cold, cough, flu, headache, diarrhoea, tiredness/fatigue, sore throat, loss of taste or smell, asthma, shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing, etc. This study aims to find out the plants and plant-derived products which are being used by the COVID-19 infected patients in Bangladesh and how those plants are being used for the management of COVID-19 symptoms. In this study, online and partially in-person survey interviews were carried out among Bangladeshi respondents. We selected Bangladeshi COVID-19 patients who were detected Coronavirus positive (+) by RT-PCR nucleic acid test and later recovered. Furthermore, identified plant species from the surveys were thoroughly investigated for safety and efficacy based on the previous ethnomedicinal usage reports. Based on the published data, they were also reviewed for their significant potentialities as antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory agents. We explored comprehensive information about a total of 26 plant species, belonging to 23 genera and 17 different botanical families, used in COVID-19 treatment as home remedies by the respondents. Most of the plants and plant-derived products were collected directly from the local marketplace. According to our survey results, greatly top 5 cited plant species measured as per the highest RFC value are Camellia sinensis (1.0) > Allium sativum (0.984) > Azadirachta indica (0.966) > Zingiber officinale (0.966) > Syzygium aromaticum (0.943). Previously published ethnomedicinal usage reports, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activity of the concerned plant species also support our results. Thus, the survey and review analysis simultaneously reveals that these reported plants and plant-derived products might be promising candidates for the treatment of COVID-19. Moreover, this study clarifies the reported plants for their safety during COVID-19 management and thereby supporting them to include in any future pre-clinical and clinical investigation for developing herbal COVID-19 therapeutics.
Collapse
Key Words
- BAL, Bronchoalveolar lavage
- BALF, Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
- Bangladesh
- CHO-K1, Wild-type Chinese hamster ovary CHO-K1 cells
- CIK, Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney Cell line
- COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- COVID-19
- CRD, Complex chronic respiratory disease
- CRFK, Crandell-Reese feline kidney cells
- EGCG, Epigallocatechin-3-gallate
- EPO, Eosinophil peroxidase
- Ethnobotany
- FRhk-4cells, Fetal rhesus monkey kidney cells
- H1N1, Hemagglutinin Type 1 and Neuraminidase Type 1
- HEK293T, Human embryonic kidney cells
- HEp-2 cells, Epithelial cells of human larynx carcinoma
- HLAC, Human lymphoid aggregate cultures
- HeLa, Human epithelial cervical carcinoma cell lines
- Huh-7, Human hepatocyte-derived carcinoma cell line
- IBD, Inflammatory bowel disease
- ICU, Intensive care unit
- IFN‐γ, Interferon‐gamma
- IL, Interleukin
- IgE, Immunoglobulin E
- MARC-145 cells, African green monkey kidney cell line
- MCP-1, Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MDCK, Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cell lines
- MEF, Mouse embryonic fibroblast cells
- Medicinal plants
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor-kappaB
- PBMCs, Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
- RT-PCR, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- SARS, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome
- TNF-β, Tumor necrosis factor‐beta
- TNF‐α, Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha
- Th, T-helper
- Traditional home remedies
- VERO cell lines, African green monkey kidney cell lines
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A.T.M. Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, University of Barishal, Barishal 8200, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Ferdousi
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, University of Barishal, Barishal 8200, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahinozzaman
- Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Evaluation of Antimalarial Potential of Extracts from Alstonia boonei and Carica papaya in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:2599191. [PMID: 34659429 PMCID: PMC8514918 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2599191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of Alstonia boonei and Carica papaya are used in herbal medicine for the treatment of malaria. This work investigated the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antimalarial effects of hydromethanolic extracts of Alstonia boonei and Carica papaya. A four-day chemosuppressive test was conducted to assess the ability of the extracts to prevent establishment of infection. Three doses of the extracts were administered—100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw—prior to Plasmodium berghei challenge. Change in body weight, parasitemia, packed cell volume (PCV), and mean survival time was determined. A three-day curative test was also carried out on Plasmodium berghei-infected mice to determine the effects of the plant extracts (200 mg/kg bw) on parasitemia and biochemical indices of liver and kidney functions, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress. The study revealed that the extracts possessed phenolic compounds (34.13 ± 1.90 mg GAE/g for Alstonia boonei and 27.99 ± 1.46 mg GAE/g for Carica papaya) and flavonoids (19.47 ± 1.89 mg QE/g for Alstonia boonei and 18.24 ± 1.36 mg QE/g for Carica papaya). In vitro antioxidant activity measured as total antioxidant power, total reducing power, and DPPH radical scavenging activity showed that the extracts possessed higher antioxidant activity than the reference compounds. The outcome of the chemosuppressive test revealed that whereas Plasmodium berghei-infected mice had high parasitemia, decreased mean survival time, exhibited loss of weight, and had low PCV, treatment with the extracts reversed the effects in a concentration-dependent manner. Similarly, the curative test revealed that the extracts significantly suppressed parasitemia compared with the malaria negative control group. This was mirrored by reversal of indices of hepatic toxicity (AST, ALT, and ALP levels), nephropathy (urea and creatinine levels), oxidative stress (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, and lipid peroxides), and dyslipidemia (TC, HDL, and TG levels and HMG-CoA reductase activity) in infected but treated mice compared with negative control. Put together, the results of this study demonstrate that the extracts of Alstonia boonei and Carica papaya possess antimalarial properties and are able to ameliorate metabolic dysregulations that characterize Plasmodium berghei infection. The phytoconstituents in these extracts are believed to be responsible for the pharmacological activity reported in this study.
Collapse
|
14
|
El Seedy GM, El-Shafey ES, Elsherbiny ES. Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) fortified with Camellia sinensis mediates apoptosis, Notch-1 signaling, and mitigates obesity-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13849. [PMID: 34245170 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The habit of drinking tea is highly prevalent and could be utilized to introduce more health benefits through fortification with medicinal plants. The purpose of this analysis was to assess the nutritional quality and health benefits of fortified Ziziphus tea (ZT) with green tea (GT) against obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Proximate analysis and sensory evaluation were carried out on the fortified tea. In the in vivo study, 15 SD rats were used for each group. Flow cytometry was utilized for caspase 3 analysis. ELISA was used for the detection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and adiponectin levels. Real-time PCR was used to detect Notch-1 and Hes-1 gene expression. The composition of fortified (GT+ZT) showed a significant improvement in the nutritional value represented by the increase in overall protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, carbohydrate, mineral contents, and antioxidant capacity. Treatment with GT+ZT restored the disturbance in body weight, lipid profile, liver function, glucose, insulin sensitivity index, and oxidative status. It reversed the changes in TNF-α and adiponectin levels. Their protective effects against NAFLD were indicated by the inhibition of hepatic caspase-3 activity, suppression of Notch-1, and Hes-1 gene expression and amelioration of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced histological alterations. Collectively, our findings, elucidate the precise mechanism of fortified ZT+GT for the attenuation of obesity-induced metabolic disorders and NAFLD via regulating lipolysis, TNF-α, adiponectin, apoptosis, and Notch-1 signaling pathways, and provide a foundation for an easily implemented healthy habit of drinking. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The incorporation of bioactive compounds into functional foods is a growing market. Consumer attention in well-being has increased rapidly toward a fortified diet that provides additional health effects. The fortified (GT+ZT) tea may potentially serve as an easily implemented healthy drinking habit to prevent and manage obesity and NAFLD and reduce the risk of other diseases. Fortification with ZT improved the health-promoting functionality of GT through the enhancement of total protein, carbohydrates, antioxidant, and mineral contents. This was reflected by their synergetic therapeutic activity in ameliorating the disturbance in obesity-related disorders and NAFLD via regulating lipolysis, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and Notch-1 signaling pathways. Therefore, (GT+ZT) could be considered functional foods which attribute to functional improvement and reduction in disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Mosad El Seedy
- Home Economics Department, Faculty of Specific Education, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Eman Salah El-Shafey
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil against clinical multidrug-resistant Shigella isolates. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2583-2589. [PMID: 33796990 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06309-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
As there are little data about the antimicrobial effects of the cinnamon essential oils (EO) against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Shigella species, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of Cinnamomum zeylanicum EO against the clinical MDR Shigella isolates. Totally 50 MDR Shigella isolates including 17 (34%) S. flexneri, 20 (40%) S. sonnei, and 13 (26%) S. boydii were collected. The isolates were identified by standard phenotypic and molecular methods. The MDR phenotypes were determined as resistant to three antibiotic classes using disc diffusion. The C. zeylanicum EO was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cinnamon EO was evaluated by microtiter broth dilution. The most Shigella isolates 38% (n = 19) were resistant to six antibiotics. The ampicillin-amikacin-cefotaxime-erythromycin-ciprofloxacin-cotrimoxazole resistotype was the most prevalent pattern detected in five S. sonnei, four S. boydii, and three S. flexneri isolates. The result of GC/MS revealed the cinnamaldehyde (84.8%) as the main ingredient of C. zeylanycum EO. The most susceptible strain to the C. zeylanycum EO was S. boydii (MIC range = 0.15-0.62 μl/ml) followed by S. flexneri (MIC range = 0.07-1.25 μl/ml), and S. sonnei (MIC range = 0.15-1.25 μl/ml). The observed ranges of MIC and MBC values of cinnamon EO against Shigella spp. were 0.07-1.25 μl/ml and 0.31-1.25 μl/ml, respectively. The antibacterial effects of cinnamon EO in this study may increase the hope of finding suitable plant compounds to treat infections caused by MDR Shigella isolates.
Collapse
|