1
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Gouran M, Brady SM. The transcriptional integration of environmental cues with root cell type development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024:kiae425. [PMID: 39288006 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Plant roots navigate the soil ecosystem with each cell type uniquely responding to environmental stimuli. Below ground, the plant's response to its surroundings is orchestrated at the cellular level, including morphological and molecular adaptations that shape root system architecture as well as tissue and organ functionality. Our understanding of the transcriptional responses at cell type resolution has been profoundly enhanced by studies of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, both a comprehensive view of the transcriptional basis of these cellular responses to single and combinatorial environmental cues in diverse plant species remains elusive. In this review, we highlight the ability of root cell types to undergo specific anatomical or morphological changes in response to abiotic and biotic stresses or cues and how they collectively contribute to the plant's overall physiology. We further explore interconnections between stress and the temporal nature of developmental pathways and discuss examples of how this transcriptional reprogramming influences cell type identity and function. Finally, we highlight the power of single-cell and spatial transcriptomic approaches to refine our understanding of how environmental factors fine tune root spatiotemporal development. These complex root system responses underscore the importance of spatiotemporal transcriptional mapping, with significant implications for enhanced agricultural resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Gouran
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Siobhan M Brady
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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2
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Acharya BR, Zhao C, Reyes LAR, Ferreira JFS, Sandhu D. Understanding the salt overly sensitive pathway in Prunus: Identification and characterization of NHX, CIPK, and CBL genes. THE PLANT GENOME 2024; 17:e20371. [PMID: 37493242 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a major abiotic stress factor that can significantly impact crop growth, and productivity. In response to salt stress, the plant Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) signaling pathway regulates the homeostasis of intracellular sodium ion concentration. The SOS1, SOS2, and SOS3 genes play critical roles in the SOS pathway, which belongs to the members of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHX), CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK), and calcineurin B-like (CBL) gene families, respectively. In this study, we performed genome-wide identifications and phylogenetic analyses of NHX, CIPK, and CBL genes in six Rosaceae species: Prunus persica, Prunus dulcis, Prunus mume, Prunus armeniaca, Pyrus ussuriensis × Pyrus communis, and Rosa chinensis. NHX, CIPK, and CBL genes of Arabidopsis thaliana were used as controls for phylogenetic analyses. Our analysis revealed the lineage-specific and adaptive evolutions of Rosaceae genes. Our observations indicated the existence of two primary classes of CIPK genes: those that are intron-rich and those that are intron-less. Intron-rich CIPKs in Rosaceae and Arabidopsis can be traced back to algae CIPKs and CIPKs found in early plants, suggesting that intron-less CIPKs evolved from their intron-rich counterparts. This study identified one gene for each member of the SOS signaling pathway in P. persica: PpSOS1, PpSOS2, and PpSOS3. Gene expression analyses indicated that all three genes of P. persica were expressed in roots and leaves. Yeast two-hybrid-based protein-protein interaction analyses revealed a direct interaction between PpSOS3 and PpSOS2; and between PpSOS2 and PpSOS1C-terminus region. Our findings indicate that the SOS signaling pathway is highly conserved in P. persica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswa R Acharya
- USDA-ARS, US Salinity Lab, Riverside, California, USA
- College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Chaoyang Zhao
- USDA-ARS, US Salinity Lab, Riverside, California, USA
- College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Lorenso Antonio Rodriguez Reyes
- USDA-ARS, US Salinity Lab, Riverside, California, USA
- College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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3
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Akhiyarova G, Vafina G, Veselov D, Kudoyarova G. Immunolocalization of Jasmonates and Auxins in Pea Roots in Connection with Inhibition of Root Growth under Salinity Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15148. [PMID: 37894828 PMCID: PMC10606536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of root elongation is an important growth response to salinity, which is thought to be regulated by the accumulation of jasmonates and auxins in roots. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of the interaction of these hormones in the regulation of the growth response to salinity are still not clear enough. Their better understanding depends on the study of the distribution of jasmonates and auxins between root cells. This was achieved with the help of immunolocalization of auxin (indoleacetic acid) and jasmonates on the root sections of pea plants. Salinity inhibited root elongation and decreased the size of the meristem zone and the length of cells in the elongation zone. Immunofluorescence based on the use of appropriate, specific antibodies that recognize auxins and jasmonates revealed an increased abundance of both hormones in the meristem zone. The obtained data suggests the participation of either auxins or jasmonates in the inhibition of cell division, which leads to a decrease in the size of the meristem zone. The level of only auxin and not jasmonate increased in the elongation zone. However, since some literature evidence argues against inhibition of root cell division by auxins, while jasmonates have been shown to inhibit this process, we came to the conclusion that elevated jasmonate is a more likely candidate for inhibiting root meristem activity under salinity conditions. Data suggests that auxins, not jasmonates, reduce cell size in the elongation zone of salt-stressed plants, a suggestion supported by the known ability of auxins to inhibit root cell elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guzel Kudoyarova
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (G.A.); (G.V.); (D.V.)
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4
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Akhtyamova Z, Martynenko E, Arkhipova T, Seldimirova O, Galin I, Belimov A, Vysotskaya L, Kudoyarova G. Influence of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria on the Formation of Apoplastic Barriers and Uptake of Water and Potassium by Wheat Plants. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1227. [PMID: 37317202 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of apoplastic barriers is important for controlling the uptake of water and ions by plants, thereby influencing plant growth. However, the effects of plant growth-promoting bacteria on the formation of apoplastic barriers, and the relationship between these effects and the ability of bacteria to influence the content of hormones in plants, have not been sufficiently studied. The content of cytokinins, auxins and potassium, characteristics of water relations, deposition of lignin and suberin and the formation of Casparian bands in the root endodermis of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) plants were evaluated after the introduction of the cytokinin-producing bacterium Bacillus subtilis IB-22 or the auxin-producing bacterium Pseudomonas mandelii IB-Ki14 into their rhizosphere. The experiments were carried out in laboratory conditions in pots with agrochernozem at an optimal level of illumination and watering. Both strains increased shoot biomass, leaf area and chlorophyll content in leaves. Bacteria enhanced the formation of apoplastic barriers, which were most pronounced when plants were treated with P. mandelii IB-Ki14. At the same time, P. mandelii IB-Ki14 caused no decrease in the hydraulic conductivity, while inoculation with B. subtilis IB-22, increased hydraulic conductivity. Cell wall lignification reduced the potassium content in the roots, but did not affect its content in the shoots of plants inoculated with P. mandelii IB-Ki14. Inoculation with B. subtilis IB-22 did not change the potassium content in the roots, but increased it in the shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarina Akhtyamova
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Elena Martynenko
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Tatiana Arkhipova
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Oksana Seldimirova
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Ilshat Galin
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Andrey Belimov
- Group of Culture of Beneficial Microorganisms, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Podbelskogo sh. 3, Pushkin, 196608 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lidiya Vysotskaya
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Guzel Kudoyarova
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia
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5
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Fernandes de Oliveira A, Mameli MG, De Pau L, Satta D. Almond Tree Adaptation to Water Stress: Differences in Physiological Performance and Yield Responses among Four Cultivar Grown in Mediterranean Environment. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1131. [PMID: 36903994 PMCID: PMC10004802 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Maximizing water use efficiency, yield, and plant survival under drought is a relevant research issue for almond-tree-growing areas worldwide. The intraspecific diversity of this species may constitute a valuable resource to address the resilience and productivity challenges that climate change poses to crop sustainability. A comparative evaluation of physiological and productive performance of four almond varieties: 'Arrubia', 'Cossu', 'Texas', and 'Tuono', field-grown in Sardinia, Italy, was performed. A great variability in the plasticity to cope with soil water scarcity and a diverse capacity to adapt to drought and heat stresses during fruit development were highlighted. The two Sardinian varieties, Arrubia and Cossu, showed differences in water stress tolerance, photosynthetic and photochemical activity, and crop yield. 'Arrubia' and 'Texas' showed greater physiological acclimation to water stress while maintaining higher yields, as compared to the self-fertile 'Tuono'. The important role of crop load and specific anatomical traits affecting leaf hydraulic conductance and leaf gas exchanges efficiency (i.e., dominant shoot type, leaf size and roughness) was evidenced. The study highlights the importance of characterizing the relationships among almond cultivar traits that affect plant performance under drought in order to better assist planting choices and orchard irrigation management for given environmental contexts.
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Parrilla J, Medici A, Gaillard C, Verbeke J, Gibon Y, Rolin D, Laloi M, Finkelstein RR, Atanassova R. Grape ASR Regulates Glucose Transport, Metabolism and Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116194. [PMID: 35682874 PMCID: PMC9181829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To decipher the mediator role of the grape Abscisic acid, Stress, Ripening (ASR) protein, VvMSA, in the pathways of glucose signaling through the regulation of its target, the promoter of hexose transporter VvHT1, we overexpressed and repressed VvMSA in embryogenic and non-embryogenic grapevine cells. The embryogenic cells with organized cell proliferation were chosen as an appropriate model for high sensitivity to the glucose signal, due to their very low intracellular glucose content and low glycolysis flux. In contrast, the non-embryogenic cells displaying anarchic cell proliferation, supported by high glycolysis flux and a partial switch to fermentation, appeared particularly sensitive to inhibitors of glucose metabolism. By using different glucose analogs to discriminate between distinct pathways of glucose signal transduction, we revealed VvMSA positioning as a transcriptional regulator of the glucose transporter gene VvHT1 in glycolysis-dependent glucose signaling. The effects of both the overexpression and repression of VvMSA on glucose transport and metabolism via glycolysis were analyzed, and the results demonstrated its role as a mediator in the interplay of glucose metabolism, transport and signaling. The overexpression of VvMSA in the Arabidopsis mutant abi8 provided evidence for its partial functional complementation by improving glucose absorption activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Parrilla
- UMR CNRS 7267 Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, Équipe Sucres & Echanges Végétaux Environnement, Université de Poitiers, 3 Rue Jacques Fort, 86073 Poitiers, France; (J.P.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (J.V.); (M.L.)
| | - Anna Medici
- UMR CNRS 7267 Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, Équipe Sucres & Echanges Végétaux Environnement, Université de Poitiers, 3 Rue Jacques Fort, 86073 Poitiers, France; (J.P.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (J.V.); (M.L.)
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier (IPSiM), UMR CNRS/INRAE/Institut Agro/Université de Montpellier, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Gaillard
- UMR CNRS 7267 Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, Équipe Sucres & Echanges Végétaux Environnement, Université de Poitiers, 3 Rue Jacques Fort, 86073 Poitiers, France; (J.P.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (J.V.); (M.L.)
| | - Jérémy Verbeke
- UMR CNRS 7267 Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, Équipe Sucres & Echanges Végétaux Environnement, Université de Poitiers, 3 Rue Jacques Fort, 86073 Poitiers, France; (J.P.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (J.V.); (M.L.)
- GReD-UMR CNRS 6293/INSERM U1103, CRBC, Faculté de Médecine, Université Clermont-Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie (BFP), INRA, Université de Bordeaux, 33882 Bordeaux, France; (Y.G.); (D.R.)
| | - Dominique Rolin
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie (BFP), INRA, Université de Bordeaux, 33882 Bordeaux, France; (Y.G.); (D.R.)
| | - Maryse Laloi
- UMR CNRS 7267 Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, Équipe Sucres & Echanges Végétaux Environnement, Université de Poitiers, 3 Rue Jacques Fort, 86073 Poitiers, France; (J.P.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (J.V.); (M.L.)
| | - Ruth R. Finkelstein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;
| | - Rossitza Atanassova
- UMR CNRS 7267 Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, Équipe Sucres & Echanges Végétaux Environnement, Université de Poitiers, 3 Rue Jacques Fort, 86073 Poitiers, France; (J.P.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (J.V.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Zhao H, Li Z, Wang Y, Wang J, Xiao M, Liu H, Quan R, Zhang H, Huang R, Zhu L, Zhang Z. Cellulose synthase-like protein OsCSLD4 plays an important role in the response of rice to salt stress by mediating abscisic acid biosynthesis to regulate osmotic stress tolerance. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:468-484. [PMID: 34664356 PMCID: PMC8882776 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis enzymes play important roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. The functions of cell wall polysaccharide synthesis enzymes in plant growth and development have been well studied. In contrast, their roles in plant responses to environmental stress are poorly understood. Previous studies have demonstrated that the rice cell wall cellulose synthase-like D4 protein (OsCSLD4) is involved in cell wall polysaccharide synthesis and is important for rice growth and development. This study demonstrated that the OsCSLD4 function-disrupted mutant nd1 was sensitive to salt stress, but insensitive to abscisic acid (ABA). The expression of some ABA synthesis and response genes was repressed in nd1 under both normal and salt stress conditions. Exogenous ABA can restore nd1-impaired salt stress tolerance. Moreover, overexpression of OsCSLD4 can enhance rice ABA synthesis gene expression, increase ABA content and improve rice salt tolerance, thus implying that OsCSLD4-regulated rice salt stress tolerance is mediated by ABA synthesis. Additionally, nd1 decreased rice tolerance to osmotic stress, but not ion toxic tolerance. The results from the transcriptome analysis showed that more osmotic stress-responsive genes were impaired in nd1 than salt stress-responsive genes, thus indicating that OsCSLD4 is involved in rice salt stress response through an ABA-induced osmotic response pathway. Intriguingly, the disruption of OsCSLD4 function decreased grain width and weight, while overexpression of OsCSLD4 increased grain width and weight. Taken together, this study demonstrates a novel plant salt stress adaptation mechanism by which crops can coordinate salt stress tolerance and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Zixuan Li
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Yayun Wang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Minggang Xiao
- Biotechnology Research InstituteHeilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbinChina
| | - Hai Liu
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Ruidang Quan
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Li Zhu
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhijin Zhang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
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Acharya BR, Sandhu D, Dueñas C, Dueñas M, Pudussery M, Kaundal A, Ferreira JFS, Suarez DL, Skaggs TH. Morphological, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptome studies reveal the importance of transporters and stress signaling pathways during salinity stress in Prunus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1274. [PMID: 35075204 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-659140/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The almond crop has high economic importance on a global scale, but its sensitivity to salinity stress can cause severe yield losses. Salt-tolerant rootstocks are vital for crop economic feasibility under saline conditions. Two commercial rootstocks submitted to salinity, and evaluated through different parameters, had contrasting results with the survival rates of 90.6% for 'Rootpac 40' (tolerant) and 38.9% for 'Nemaguard' (sensitive) under salinity (Electrical conductivity of water = 3 dS m-1). Under salinity, 'Rootpac 40' accumulated less Na and Cl and more K in leaves than 'Nemaguard'. Increased proline accumulation in 'Nemaguard' indicated that it was highly stressed by salinity compared to 'Rootpac 40'. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that a higher degree of differential gene expression was controlled by genotype rather than by treatment. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) provided insight into the regulation of salinity tolerance in Prunus. DEGs associated with stress signaling pathways and transporters may play essential roles in the salinity tolerance of Prunus. Some additional vital players involved in salinity stress in Prunus include CBL10, AKT1, KUP8, Prupe.3G053200 (chloride channel), and Prupe.7G202700 (mechanosensitive ion channel). Genetic components of salinity stress identified in this study may be explored to develop new rootstocks suitable for salinity-affected regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswa R Acharya
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
- College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Devinder Sandhu
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA.
| | - Christian Dueñas
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
- College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Marco Dueñas
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
- College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Manju Pudussery
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
| | - Amita Kaundal
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
- College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences (CAAS), Utah State University (USU), Logan, UT, 8432, USA
| | - Jorge F S Ferreira
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
| | - Donald L Suarez
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
| | - Todd H Skaggs
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
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Morphological, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptome studies reveal the importance of transporters and stress signaling pathways during salinity stress in Prunus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1274. [PMID: 35075204 PMCID: PMC8786923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The almond crop has high economic importance on a global scale, but its sensitivity to salinity stress can cause severe yield losses. Salt-tolerant rootstocks are vital for crop economic feasibility under saline conditions. Two commercial rootstocks submitted to salinity, and evaluated through different parameters, had contrasting results with the survival rates of 90.6% for ‘Rootpac 40’ (tolerant) and 38.9% for ‘Nemaguard’ (sensitive) under salinity (Electrical conductivity of water = 3 dS m−1). Under salinity, ‘Rootpac 40’ accumulated less Na and Cl and more K in leaves than ‘Nemaguard’. Increased proline accumulation in ‘Nemaguard’ indicated that it was highly stressed by salinity compared to ‘Rootpac 40’. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that a higher degree of differential gene expression was controlled by genotype rather than by treatment. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) provided insight into the regulation of salinity tolerance in Prunus. DEGs associated with stress signaling pathways and transporters may play essential roles in the salinity tolerance of Prunus. Some additional vital players involved in salinity stress in Prunus include CBL10, AKT1, KUP8, Prupe.3G053200 (chloride channel), and Prupe.7G202700 (mechanosensitive ion channel). Genetic components of salinity stress identified in this study may be explored to develop new rootstocks suitable for salinity-affected regions.
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10
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Effects of Salinity and Abscisic Acid on Lipid Transfer Protein Accumulation, Suberin Deposition and Hydraulic Conductance in Pea Roots. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11100762. [PMID: 34677528 PMCID: PMC8537554 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) participate in many important physiological processes in plants, including adaptation to stressors, e.g., salinity. Here we address the mechanism of this protective action of LTPs by studying the interaction between LTPs and abscisic acid (ABA, a "stress" hormone) and their mutual participation in suberin deposition in root endodermis of salt-stressed pea plants. Using immunohistochemistry we show for the first time NaCl induced accumulation of LTPs and ABA in the cell walls of phloem paralleled by suberin deposition in the endoderm region of pea roots. Unlike LTPs which were found localized around phloem cells, ABA was also present within phloem cells. In addition, ABA treatment resulted in both LTP and ABA accumulation in phloem cells and promoted root suberization. These results suggested the importance of NaCl-induced accumulation of ABA in increasing the abundance of LTPs and of suberin. Using molecular modeling and fluorescence spectroscopy we confirmed the ability of different plant LTPs, including pea Ps-LTP1, to bind ABA. We therefore hypothesize an involvement of plant LTPs in ABA transport (unloading from phloem) as part of the salinity adaptation mechanism.
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Zhang S, Quartararo A, Betz OK, Madahhosseini S, Heringer AS, Le T, Shao Y, Caruso T, Ferguson L, Jernstedt J, Wilkop T, Drakakaki G. Root vacuolar sequestration and suberization are prominent responses of Pistacia spp. rootstocks during salinity stress. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e00315. [PMID: 34027297 PMCID: PMC8133763 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of stress tolerance in diverse species is needed to enhance crop performance under conditions such as high salinity. Plant roots, in particular in grafted agricultural crops, can function as a boundary against external stresses in order to maintain plant fitness. However, limited information exists for salinity stress responses of woody species and their rootstocks. Pistachio (Pistacia spp.) is a tree nut crop with relatively high salinity tolerance as well as high genetic heterogeneity. In this study, we used a microscopy-based approach to investigate the cellular and structural responses to salinity stress in the roots of two pistachio rootstocks, Pistacia integerrima (PGI) and a hybrid, P. atlantica x P. integerrima (UCB1). We analyzed root sections via fluorescence microscopy across a developmental gradient, defined by xylem development, for sodium localization and for cellular barrier differentiation via suberin deposition. Our cumulative data suggest that the salinity response in pistachio rootstock species is associated with both vacuolar sodium ion (Na+) sequestration in the root cortex and increased suberin deposition at apoplastic barriers. Furthermore, both vacuolar sequestration and suberin deposition correlate with the root developmental gradient. We observed a higher rate of Na+ vacuolar sequestration and reduced salt-induced leaf damage in UCB1 when compared to P. integerrima. In addition, UCB1 displayed higher basal levels of suberization, in both the exodermis and endodermis, compared to P. integerrima. This difference was enhanced after salinity stress. These cellular characteristics are phenotypes that can be taken into account during screening for sodium-mediated salinity tolerance in woody plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiao Zhang
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Alessandra Quartararo
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
- Department of Agricultural & Forest ScienceUniversity of PalermoViale delle ScienzePalermoItaly
| | - Oliver Karl Betz
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Shahab Madahhosseini
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
- Present address:
Genetic and Plant Production DepartmentVali‐e‐Asr University of RafsanjanRafsanjanIran
| | - Angelo Schuabb Heringer
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
- Present address:
Unidade de Biologia IntegrativaSetor de Genômica e ProteômicaUENFRio de JaneiroRJBrazil
| | - Thu Le
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Yuhang Shao
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
- Present address:
Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Tiziano Caruso
- Department of Agricultural & Forest ScienceUniversity of PalermoViale delle ScienzePalermoItaly
| | - Louise Ferguson
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Judy Jernstedt
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Thomas Wilkop
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
- Light Microscopy CoreDepartment of PhysiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Georgia Drakakaki
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
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