1
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Giersch A, Laprévote V. Perceptual Functioning. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023; 63:79-113. [PMID: 36306053 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perceptual disorders are not part of the diagnosis criteria for schizophrenia. Yet, a considerable amount of work has been conducted, especially on visual perception abnormalities, and there is little doubt that visual perception is altered in patients. There are several reasons why such perturbations are of interest in this pathology. They are observed during the prodromal phase of psychosis, they are related to the pathophysiology (clinical disorganization, disorders of the sense of self), and they are associated with neuronal connectivity disorders. Perturbations occur at different levels of processing and likely affect how patients interact and adapt to their surroundings. The literature has become very large, and here we try to summarize different models that have guided the exploration of perception in patients. We also illustrate several lines of research by showing how perception has been investigated and by discussing the interpretation of the results. In addition to discussing domains such as contrast sensitivity, masking, and visual grouping, we develop more recent fields like processing at the level of the retina, and the timing of perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Giersch
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM U1114, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Vincent Laprévote
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM U1114, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- CLIP Centre de Liaison et d'Intervention Précoce, Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy, Laxou, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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2
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Garobbio S, Pilz KS, Kunchulia M, Herzog MH. No Common Factor Underlying Decline of Visual Abilities in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Exp Aging Res 2022; 49:183-200. [PMID: 35786407 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2022.2094660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent work has shown an association between cognitive and visual impairments and two main theories were advanced, namely the sensory deprivation and the common cause theories. Most studies considered only basic visual functions such as visual acuity or visual field size and evaluated the association with dementia. OBJECTIVES To reconcile between these theories and to test the link between visual and cognitive decline in mildly cognitive impaired people. METHODS We employed a battery of 19 visual tasks on 39 older adults with mild cognitive impairment and 91 without any evidence of cognitive decline, as measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. RESULTS Our results show a strong association between visual impairment and mild cognitive impairment. In agreement with previous results with younger and healthy older adults, we found also only weak correlations between most tests in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that visual and cognitive abilities decline simultaneously, but they do so independently across visual and cognitive functions and across participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Garobbio
- a Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karin S Pilz
- Cito Institute for Educational Measurement, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Kunchulia
- Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Free University of Tbilisi, and Laboratory of Vision Physiology, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Michael H Herzog
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Favrod O, Brand A, Berdzenishvili E, Chkonia E, Akselrod M, Wagemans J, Herzog MH, Roinishvili M. Embedded figures in schizophrenia: A main deficit but no specificity. Schizophr Res Cogn 2022; 28:100227. [PMID: 34976748 PMCID: PMC8683755 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2021.100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual deficits are core deficits of schizophrenia. Classically, deficits are determined with demanding psychophysical tasks requiring fine-grained spatial or temporal resolution. Less is known about holistic processing. Here, we employed the Leuven Embedded Figures Test (L-EFT) measuring classic aspects of Gestalt processing. A target shape is embedded in a context and observers have to detect as quickly as possible in which display the target is embedded. Targets vary in closure, symmetry, complexity, and good continuation. In all conditions, schizophrenia patients had longer RTs compared to controls and depressive patients and to a lesser extent compared to their siblings. There was no interaction suggesting that, once the main deficit of schizophrenia patients is discarded, there are no further deficits in Gestalt perception between the groups. This result is in line with a growing line of research showing that when schizophrenia patients are given sufficient time to accomplish the task, they perform as well as controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Favrod
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
- Corresponding author.
| | - Andreas Brand
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Eka Berdzenishvili
- Department of Psychiatry, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Eka Chkonia
- Department of Psychiatry, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Michel Akselrod
- MySpace Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Wagemans
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Department of Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Belgium
| | - Michael H. Herzog
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Maya Roinishvili
- Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Laboratory of Vision Physiology, Beritashvili Centre of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
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4
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Liu Y, Jia LN, Wu H, Jiang W, Wang Q, Wang D, Xiong YB, Ren YP, Ma X, Tang YL. Adjuvant electroconvulsive therapy with antipsychotics is associated with improvement in auditory mismatch negativity in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2022; 311:114484. [PMID: 35245745 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, 5 Ankang Lane, Deshengmenwai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Na Jia
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, 5 Ankang Lane, Deshengmenwai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, 5 Ankang Lane, Deshengmenwai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, 5 Ankang Lane, Deshengmenwai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, 5 Ankang Lane, Deshengmenwai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, 5 Ankang Lane, Deshengmenwai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Bing Xiong
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, China; Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yan-Ping Ren
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, 5 Ankang Lane, Deshengmenwai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Ma
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, 5 Ankang Lane, Deshengmenwai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yi-Lang Tang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States; Mental Health Service Line, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, United States
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5
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Adámek P, Langová V, Horáček J. Early-stage visual perception impairment in schizophrenia, bottom-up and back again. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:27. [PMID: 35314712 PMCID: PMC8938488 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Visual perception is one of the basic tools for exploring the world. However, in schizophrenia, this modality is disrupted. So far, there has been no clear answer as to whether the disruption occurs primarily within the brain or in the precortical areas of visual perception (the retina, visual pathways, and lateral geniculate nucleus [LGN]). A web-based comprehensive search of peer-reviewed journals was conducted based on various keyword combinations including schizophrenia, saliency, visual cognition, visual pathways, retina, and LGN. Articles were chosen with respect to topic relevance. Searched databases included Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science. This review describes the precortical circuit and the key changes in biochemistry and pathophysiology that affect the creation and characteristics of the retinal signal as well as its subsequent modulation and processing in other parts of this circuit. Changes in the characteristics of the signal and the misinterpretation of visual stimuli associated with them may, as a result, contribute to the development of schizophrenic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Adámek
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Center for Advanced Studies of Brain and Consciousness, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Langová
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Center for Advanced Studies of Brain and Consciousness, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Horáček
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Center for Advanced Studies of Brain and Consciousness, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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6
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Karpinkaia VY, Tumova MA, Yanushko MG, Sosin DN, Maksimova AA, Ivanov MV. [The relationship between visual dysfunction and cognitive deficit in schizophrenia]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:61-66. [PMID: 34481437 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202112108161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether visual processing abnormalities are the result of visual dysfunction involving cognitive impairment or independent abnormalities and to identify the relationship of visual impairments with cognitive functions and severity of psychopathological symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS We compared results of visual size perception and actions on objects (motor assessment) in patients with schizophrenia (n=37), including patients with non-resistant schizophrenia (n=19) and healthy individuals (n=20). Cognitive impairments were assessed with BACS. Severity of schizophrenia symptoms was assessed with PANSS. RESULTS The error in the visual size perception test was smaller in healthy controls compared with non-resistant patients (p<0.03). There are no significant differences between non-resistant patients and other groups. Also, there are no significant differences in motor assessment between healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia. In the visual size perception test, the amount of error correlates with cognitive impairments (r= -0.84, p<0.001), and the severity of psychotic symptoms on PANSS (r=0.55, p<0.05). CONCLUSION Changes in visual threshold in patients with schizophrenia are correlated with cognitive dysfunction and reflect dysfunction in the parvocellular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Yu Karpinkaia
- N. Bekhtereva Institute of the Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M A Tumova
- Bekhterev National Research Medical Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M G Yanushko
- Bekhterev National Research Medical Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D N Sosin
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Maksimova
- Pavlov St.-Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M V Ivanov
- Bekhterev National Research Medical Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia
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7
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Abstract
About 40% of schizophrenia patients report discrete visual disturbances which could occur if saccadic suppression, the decrease of visual sensitivity around saccade onset, is impaired. Two mechanisms contribute to saccadic suppression: efference copy processing and backwards masking. Both are reportedly altered in schizophrenia. However, saccadic suppression has not been investigated in schizophrenia. 17 schizophrenia patients and 18 healthy controls performed a saccadic suppression task using a Gabor stimulus with individually adjusted contrast, which was presented within an interval 300 ms around saccade onset. Visual disturbance scores were higher in patients than controls, but saccadic suppression strength and time course were similar in both groups with lower saccadic suppression rates being similarly related to smaller saccade amplitudes. Saccade amplitudes in the saccadic suppression task were reduced in patients, in contrast to unaltered amplitudes during a saccade control task. Notably, smaller saccade amplitudes were related to higher visual disturbances scores in patients. Saccadic suppression performance was unrelated to symptom expression and antipsychotic medication. Unaltered saccadic suppression in patients suggests sufficiently intact efference copy processing and backward masking as required for this task. Instead, visual disturbances in patients may be related to restricted saccadic amplitudes arising from cognitive load while completing a task.
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8
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Garobbio S, Roinishvili M, Favrod O, da Cruz JR, Chkonia E, Brand A, Herzog MH. Electrophysiological correlates of visual backward masking in patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 307:111206. [PMID: 33092939 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In visual backward masking (VBM), a target is followed by a mask that decreases target discriminability. Schizophrenia patients (SZ) show strong and reproducible masking impairments, which are associated with reduced EEG amplitudes. Patients with bipolar disorder (BP) show masking deficits, too. Here, we investigated the neural EEG correlates of VBM in BP. 122 SZ, 94 unaffected controls, and 38 BP joined a standard VBM experiment. 123 SZ, 94 unaffected controls and 16 BP joined a corresponding EEG experiment, analyzed in terms of global field power. As in previous studies, SZ and BP show strong masking deficits. Importantly and similarly to SZ, BP show decreased global field power amplitudes at approximately 200 ms after the target onset, compared to controls. These results suggest that VBM deficits are not specific for schizophrenia but for a broader range of functional psychoses. Potentially, both SZ and BP show deficient target enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Garobbio
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland.
| | - Maya Roinishvili
- Laboratory of Vision Physiology, Beritashvili Centre of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia; Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Free University of Tbilisi, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Ophélie Favrod
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Janir Ramos da Cruz
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Eka Chkonia
- Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Free University of Tbilisi, Tbilisi, Georgia; Department of Psychiatry, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Andreas Brand
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Michael H Herzog
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
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9
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Disruption of Conscious Access in Psychosis Is Associated with Altered Structural Brain Connectivity. J Neurosci 2020; 41:513-523. [PMID: 33229501 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0945-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
According to global neuronal workspace (GNW) theory, conscious access relies on long-distance cerebral connectivity to allow a global neuronal ignition coding for conscious content. In patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, both alterations in cerebral connectivity and an increased threshold for conscious perception have been reported. The implications of abnormal structural connectivity for disrupted conscious access and the relationship between these two deficits and psychopathology remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which structural connectivity is correlated with consciousness threshold, particularly in psychosis. We used a visual masking paradigm to measure consciousness threshold, and diffusion MRI tractography to assess structural connectivity in 97 humans of either sex with varying degrees of psychosis: healthy control subjects (n = 46), schizophrenia patients (n = 25), and bipolar disorder patients with (n = 17) and without (n = 9) a history of psychosis. Patients with psychosis (schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with psychotic features) had an elevated masking threshold compared with control subjects and bipolar disorder patients without psychotic features. Masking threshold correlated negatively with the mean general fractional anisotropy of white matter tracts exclusively within the GNW network (inferior frontal-occipital fasciculus, cingulum, and corpus callosum). Mediation analysis demonstrated that alterations in long-distance connectivity were associated with an increased masking threshold, which in turn was linked to psychotic symptoms. Our findings support the hypothesis that long-distance structural connectivity within the GNW plays a crucial role in conscious access, and that conscious access may mediate the association between impaired structural connectivity and psychosis.
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10
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da Cruz JR, Shaqiri A, Roinishvili M, Favrod O, Chkonia E, Brand A, Figueiredo P, Herzog MH. Neural Compensation Mechanisms of Siblings of Schizophrenia Patients as Revealed by High-Density EEG. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:1009-1018. [PMID: 31961928 PMCID: PMC7345810 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Visual backward masking (VBM) deficits are candidate endophenotypes of schizophrenia indexing genetic liability of the disorder. In VBM, a target is followed by a mask that deteriorates target perception. Schizophrenia patients and, to a lesser extent, their unaffected relatives show strong and reproducible VBM deficits. In patients, VBM deficits are associated with strongly decreased amplitudes in the evoked-related potentials (ERPs). Here, to unveil the neural mechanisms of VBM in schizophrenia, circumventing illness-specific confounds, we investigated the electroencephalogram correlates of VBM in unaffected siblings of schizophrenia patients. We tested 110 schizophrenia patients, 60 siblings, and 83 healthy controls. As in previous studies, patients showed strong behavioral deficits and decreased ERP amplitudes compared to controls. Surprisingly, the ERP amplitudes of siblings were even higher than the ones of controls, while their performances were similar. ERP amplitudes in siblings were found to correlate with performance. These results suggest that VBM is deteriorated in patients and siblings. However, siblings, unlike patients, can partially compensate for the deficits by over-activating a network of brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janir R da Cruz
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland,Institute for Systems and Robotics – Lisbon (LARSyS) and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal,To whom correspondence should be addressed; CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; tel: +41 21 693 17 42, fax: +41 21 693 1749, e-mail:
| | - Albulena Shaqiri
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maya Roinishvili
- Laboratory of Vision Physiology, Beritashvili Centre of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia,Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Free University of Tbilisi, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Ophélie Favrod
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eka Chkonia
- Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Free University of Tbilisi, Tbilisi, Georgia,Department of Psychiatry, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Andreas Brand
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrícia Figueiredo
- Institute for Systems and Robotics – Lisbon (LARSyS) and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Michael H Herzog
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Kaliuzhna M, Stein T, Sterzer P, Seymour KJ. Examining motion speed processing in schizophrenia using the flash lag illusion. Schizophr Res Cogn 2020; 19:100165. [PMID: 31832345 PMCID: PMC6890935 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2019.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Research on visual perception in schizophrenia suggests a deficit in motion processing. Specifically, difficulties with discriminating motion speed are commonly reported. However, speed discrimination tasks typically require participants to make judgments about the difference between two stimuli in a two-interval forced choice (2IFC) task. Such tasks not only tap into speed processing mechanisms, but also rely on higher executive functioning including working memory and attention which has been shown to be compromised in schizophrenia. We used the Flash Lag illusion to examine speed processing in patients with schizophrenia. Based on previous research showing a strong dependence between motion speed and the illusion magnitude, we expected a deficit in speed processing to alter this relationship. A motion processing deficit in patients would also predict overall reductions in perceived lag. We found the magnitude and speed dependence of the Flash Lag illusion to be similar in patients and controls. Together, the findings suggest no general abnormality in motion speed processing in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Kaliuzhna
- Clinical and Experimental Psychopathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Timo Stein
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Philipp Sterzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Kiley J. Seymour
- School of Psychology, The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
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12
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Favrod O, da Cruz JR, Roinishvili M, Berdzenishvili E, Brand A, Figueiredo P, Herzog MH, Chkonia E. Electrophysiological correlates of visual backward masking in patients with major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 294:111004. [PMID: 31704371 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.111004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Depression and schizophrenia are two psychiatric diseases with high co-morbidity. For this reason, it is important to find sensitive endophenotypes, which may disentangle the two disorders. The Shine-Through paradigm, a visual backward masking task, is a potential endophenotype for schizophrenia. Masking is strongly deteriorated in schizophrenia patients, which is reflected in reduced EEG amplitudes. Here, we tested whether masking deficits and associated EEG changes are also found in patients with major depressive disorder. First, we replicated previous findings showing that depressive patients exhibit, at most, only weak masking deficits. Second, we found that the EEG amplitudes of depressive patients were reduced compared to controls and slightly increased compared to schizophrenia patients. As a secondary analysis, we compared the performance in the masking paradigm with three cognitive tasks, namely: the Wisconsin card sorting test, a verbal fluency test and a degraded continuous performance test. Performance in all but the verbal fluency test could discriminate schizophrenia from depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Favrod
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland.
| | - Janir R da Cruz
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland; Institute for Systems and Robotics - Lisboa, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maya Roinishvili
- Laboratory of Vision Physiology, Beritashvili Centre of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia; Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Andreas Brand
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Patrícia Figueiredo
- Institute for Systems and Robotics - Lisboa, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Michael H Herzog
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Eka Chkonia
- Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia; Department of Psychiatry, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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13
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Fernandes TP, Shaqiri A, Brand A, Nogueira RL, Herzog MH, Roinishvili M, Santos NA, Chkonia E. Schizophrenia patients using atypical medication perform better in visual tasks than patients using typical medication. Psychiatry Res 2019; 275:31-38. [PMID: 30878854 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) patients show deficits in many domains, including cognition and perception. However, results are often mixed. One reason for mixed results may be differences in medication. Very little is known about the role of medication in visual processing. Here, we investigated the effects of typical vs. atypical medication on contrast sensitivity (spatial frequencies ranging from 0.2 to 20 cycles per degree), vernier acuity, and visual backward masking. From a large pool of patients, we selected 50 patients (Study 1, conducted in Brazil) and 97 patients (Study 2, conducted in Georgia) taking either only typical or atypical medication. Patients with atypical medication performed significantly better than patients with typical medication for contrast sensitivity, vernier duration, and backward masking. As a secondary result, we found similar, but not significant, trends for the cognitive tasks (Stroop, Flanker, Trail-Making Test-B, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Continuous Performance Test) in the same patients. No correlations were found between demographics, psychopathology, chlorpromazine equivalents and visual processing. A conclusion of our study is that one needs to be careful comparing studies when medication is not comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago P Fernandes
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Albulena Shaqiri
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Andreas Brand
- Institute for Psychology and Cognition Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Michael H Herzog
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maya Roinishvili
- Department of Psychiatry, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia; Department of Behaviour and Cognitive Functions, I. Beritashvili Institute of Physiology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Natanael A Santos
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Eka Chkonia
- Department of Psychiatry, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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14
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Favrod O, Roinishvili M, da Cruz JR, Brand A, Okruashvili M, Gamkrelidze T, Figueiredo P, Herzog MH, Chkonia E, Shaqiri A. Electrophysiological correlates of visual backward masking in patients with first episode psychosis. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 282:64-72. [PMID: 30415176 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Visual backward masking is strongly impaired in patients with schizophrenia. Masking deficits have been proposed as potential endophenotypes of schizophrenia. Masking performance deficits manifest as strongly reduced amplitudes in the electroencephalogram (EEG). In order to fulfill the criteria of an endophenotype, masking deficits should not vary substantially across time and should be present at the first psychotic event. To verify whether these conditions are met for visual backward masking, we tested patients with first episode psychosis (n = 21) in a longitudinal study. Patients were tested with visual backward masking and EEG three times every six months over a period of one year. We found that the EEG amplitudes of patients with first episode psychosis were higher as compared to those of patients with schizophrenia but lower as compared to those of unaffected controls. More interestingly, we found that the EEG amplitudes of patients with first episode psychosis remained stable over the course of one year. Since chronic schizophrenia patients have strongly reduced amplitudes, we speculate that the neural correlates of masking deficits (EEG amplitudes) continue to decrease as the disease progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Favrod
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland.
| | - Maya Roinishvili
- Laboratory of Vision Physiology, Beritashvili Centre of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia; Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Janir R da Cruz
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland; Institute for Systems and Robotics - Lisboa, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreas Brand
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | | | | | - Patrícia Figueiredo
- Institute for Systems and Robotics - Lisboa, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Michael H Herzog
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Eka Chkonia
- Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia; Department of Psychiatry, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Albulena Shaqiri
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
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15
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Shaqiri A, Roinishvili M, Kaliuzhna M, Favrod O, Chkonia E, Herzog MH, Blanke O, Salomon R. Rethinking Body Ownership in Schizophrenia: Experimental and Meta-analytical Approaches Show no Evidence for Deficits. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:643-652. [PMID: 29036731 PMCID: PMC5890460 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder, in which patients experience an abnormal sense of self. While deficits in sensorimotor self-representation (agency) are well documented in schizophrenia, less is known about other aspects of bodily self-representation (body ownership). Here, we tested a large cohort (N = 59) of chronic schizophrenia patients and matched controls (N = 30) on a well-established body illusion paradigm, the Full Body Illusion (FBI). In this paradigm, changes in body ownership are induced through prolonged multisensory stimulation, in which participants are stroked on their back while seeing the stroking on the back of a virtual body. When the felt and seen stroking are synchronous, participants typically feel higher identification with the seen body as well as a drift in self-location towards it. However, when the stroking is asynchronous, no such changes occur. Our results show no evidence for abnormal body ownership in schizophrenia patients. A meta-analysis of previous work corroborates this result. Thus, while schizophrenia patients may be impaired in the sense of agency, their multisensory bodily self-representation, as tested here, seems to be unaffected by the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albulena Shaqiri
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maya Roinishvili
- Vision Research Laboratory, Beritashvili Centre of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Mariia Kaliuzhna
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Chair in Cognitive Neuroprosthetics, Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Science, EPFL, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ophélie Favrod
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eka Chkonia
- Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Psychiatry, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Michael H Herzog
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Chair in Cognitive Neuroprosthetics, Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Science, EPFL, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roy Salomon
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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16
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Fernandes TMP, de Andrade MJO, Santana JB, Nogueira RMTBL, dos Santos NA. Tobacco Use Decreases Visual Sensitivity in Schizophrenia. Front Psychol 2018; 9:288. [PMID: 29559947 PMCID: PMC5845747 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking prevalence in patients who are diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCZ) is higher than in the general population. Chronic tobacco use in SCZ patients may reduce the side effects of antipsychotic drugs, thus serving as a self-medication for such side effects. Understanding the ways in which chronic tobacco use influences visual sensitivity has clinical implications, which may serve as a tool for non-invasively diagnosing early-stage visual processing deficits. The present study evaluated the effects of chronic tobacco use on visual sensitivity in SCZ patients. Our purpose was to provide new directions for future research, mainly psychophysical and electrophysiological studies. In the present study, 40 smoker controls (SC), 20 SCZ tobacco users, and 20 SCZ tobacco nonusers were recruited from the Psychosocial Care Center. Visual sensitivity was compared between both SCZ groups and the SC group. Patients with SCZ who were chronic tobacco users presented lower visual sensitivity for chromatic (p < 0.001) and achromatic (p < 0.001) stimuli compared with the other groups. Our findings highlight the need to evaluate possible addictive behavior in patients with SCZ, which may contribute to public policies that seek to improve the quality of life of SCZ patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M. P. Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Michael J. Oliveira de Andrade
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Jessica B. Santana
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Natanael A. dos Santos
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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17
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Electrophysiological correlates of visual backward masking in high schizotypic personality traits participants. Psychiatry Res 2017; 254:251-257. [PMID: 28477548 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Visual backward masking is strongly deteriorated in patients with schizophrenia. Masking deficits are associated with strongly reduced amplitudes of the global field power in the EEG. Healthy participants who scored high in cognitive disorganization (a schizotypic trait) were impaired in backward masking compared to participants who scored low. Here, we show that the global field power is also reduced in healthy participants scoring high (n=25) as compared to low (n=20) in cognitive disorganization, though quantitatively less pronounced than in patients (n=10). These results point to similar mechanisms underlying visual backward masking deficits along the schizophrenia spectrum.
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18
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Bliksted V, Samuelsen E, Sandberg K, Bibby BM, Overgaard MS. Discriminating between first- and second-order cognition in first-episode paranoid schizophrenia. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2017; 22:95-107. [PMID: 28005458 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2016.1268954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An impairment of visually perceiving backward masked stimuli is commonly observed in patients with schizophrenia, yet it is unclear whether this impairment is the result of a deficiency in first or higher order processing and for which subtypes of schizophrenia it is present. METHODS Here, we compare identification (first order) and metacognitive (higher order) performance in a visual masking paradigm between a highly homogenous group of young first-episode patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia (N = 11) to that of carefully matched healthy controls (N = 13). RESULTS We find no difference across groups in first-order performance, but find a difference in metacognitive performance, particularly for stimuli with relatively high visibility. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the masking deficit is present in first-episode patients with paranoid schizophrenia, but that it is primarily an impairment of metacognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Bliksted
- a Psychosis Research Unit , Aarhus University Hospital Risskov , Risskov , Denmark.,b Interactive Minds Centre , Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Erla Samuelsen
- c Early Intervention Team, Region of Southern Denmark , Aabenraa , Denmark
| | - Kristian Sandberg
- d CNRU, CFIN , Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark.,e Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic , Aarhus University , Hammel , Denmark
| | - Bo Martin Bibby
- f Department of Biostatistics , Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
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19
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Theta response in schizophrenia is indifferent to perceptual illusion. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:419-430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Silverstein SM. Visual Perception Disturbances in Schizophrenia: A Unified Model. NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION. NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION 2016; 63:77-132. [PMID: 27627825 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30596-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Michael G, Masson M, Robert E, Bacon E, Desert JF, Rhein F, Offerlin-Meyer I, Colliot P. Disturbances of selective attention in traumatic brain injury and schizophrenia: What is common and what is different? PSYCHOLOGIE FRANCAISE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psfr.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Shaqiri A, Willemin J, Sierro G, Roinishvili M, Iannantuoni L, Rürup L, Chkonia E, Herzog MH, Mohr C. Does chronic nicotine consumption influence visual backward masking in schizophrenia and schizotypy? SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2015; 2:93-99. [PMID: 29114459 PMCID: PMC5609643 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine consumption is higher for people within the schizophrenia spectrum compared to controls. This observation supports the self-medication hypothesis, that nicotine relieves symptoms in, for example, schizophrenia patients. We tested whether performance in an endophenotype of schizophrenia (visual backward masking, VBM) is modulated by nicotine consumption in i) smoking and non-smoking schizophrenia patients, their first-degree relatives, and age-matched controls, ii) non-smoking and smoking university students, and iii) non-smoking, early and late onset nicotine smokers. Overall, our results confirmed that VBM deficits are an endophenotype of schizophrenia, i.e., deficits were highest in patients, followed by their relatives, students scoring high in Cognitive Disorganisation, and controls. Moreover, we found i) beneficial effects of chronic nicotine consumption on VBM performance, in particular with increasing age, and ii) little impact of clinical status alone or in interaction with nicotine consumption on VBM performance. Given the younger age of undergraduate students (up to 30 years) versus controls and patients (up to 66 years), we propose that age-dependent VBM deficits emerge when schizotypy effects are targeted in populations of a larger age range, but that nicotine consumption might counteract these deficits (supporting the self-medication hypothesis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Albulena Shaqiri
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Corresponding author at: Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 19, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. Tel: + 41 21 693 2772; fax: + 41 21 69 31749.
| | - Julie Willemin
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Bâtiment Geopolis, Quartier Mouline, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Sierro
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Bâtiment Geopolis, Quartier Mouline, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maya Roinishvili
- Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Luisa Iannantuoni
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Bâtiment Geopolis, Quartier Mouline, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Linda Rürup
- Institute for Psychology and Cognition Research, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Eka Chkonia
- Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Psychiatry, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Michael H. Herzog
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Mohr
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Bâtiment Geopolis, Quartier Mouline, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Pilz KS, Kunchulia M, Parkosadze K, Herzog MH. Ageing and visual spatiotemporal processing. Exp Brain Res 2015; 233:2441-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Giersch A, Poncelet PE, Capa RL, Martin B, Duval CZ, Curzietti M, Hoonacker M, van Assche M, Lalanne L. Disruption of information processing in schizophrenia: The time perspective. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2015; 2:78-83. [PMID: 29114456 PMCID: PMC5609651 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We review studies suggesting time disorders on both automatic and subjective levels in patients with schizophrenia. Patients have difficulty explicitly discriminating between simultaneous and asynchronous events, and ordering events in time. We discuss the relationship between these difficulties and impairments on a more elementary level. We showed that for undetectable stimulus onset asynchronies below 20 ms, neither patients nor controls merge events in time, as previously believed. On the contrary, subjects implicitly distinguish between events even when evaluating them to be simultaneous. Furthermore, controls privilege the last stimulus, whereas patients seem to stay stuck on the first stimulus when asynchronies are sub-threshold. Combining previous results shows this to be true for patients even for asynchronies as short as 8 ms. Moreover, this peculiarity predicts difficulties with detecting asynchronies longer than 50 ms, suggesting an impact on the conscious ability to time events. Difficulties on the subjective level are also correlated with clinical disorganization. The results are interpreted within the framework of predictive coding which can account for an implicit ability to update events. These results complement a range of other results, by suggesting a difficulty with binding information in time as well as space, and by showing that information processing lacks continuity and stability in patients. The time perspective may help bridge the gap between cognitive impairments and clinical symptoms, by showing how the innermost structure of thought and experience is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Giersch
- INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Dept of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Strasbourg; 1, pl de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick E Poncelet
- INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Dept of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Strasbourg; 1, pl de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Rémi L Capa
- INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Dept of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Strasbourg; 1, pl de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Brice Martin
- Centre Lyonnais Référent en Réhabilitation et en Remédiation cognitive (CL3R) - Service Universitaire de Réhabilitation (SUR), Hôpital du Vinatier, Université Lyon 1 & UMR 5229 (CNRS), France
| | - Céline Z Duval
- INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Dept of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Strasbourg; 1, pl de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Maxime Curzietti
- INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Dept of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Strasbourg; 1, pl de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marc Hoonacker
- INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Dept of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Strasbourg; 1, pl de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mitsouko van Assche
- University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Lalanne
- INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Dept of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Strasbourg; 1, pl de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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25
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Herzog MH, Brand A. Visual masking & schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2015; 2:64-71. [PMID: 29114454 PMCID: PMC5609636 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Visual masking is a frequently used tool in schizophrenia research. Visual masking has a very high sensitivity and specificity and masking paradigms have been proven to be endophenotypes. Whereas masking is a powerful technique to study schizophrenia, the underlying mechanisms are discussed controversially. For example, for more than 25 years, masking deficits of schizophrenia patients were mainly attributed to a deficient magno-cellular system (M-system). Here, we show that there is very little evidence that masking deficits are magno-cellular deficits. We will discuss the magno-cellular and other approaches in detail and highlight their pros and cons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Herzog
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Andreas Brand
- Klinikum Bremen-Ost, Bremen, Germany.,Institute of Psychology and Cognition Research, University of Bremen, Germany
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26
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Silverstein S, Keane BP, Blake R, Giersch A, Green M, Kéri S. Vision in schizophrenia: why it matters. Front Psychol 2015; 6:41. [PMID: 25698992 PMCID: PMC4318337 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Silverstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and University Behavioral Health Care, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Brian P Keane
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and University Behavioral Health Care, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Randolph Blake
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anne Giersch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Strasbourg Strasbourg, France
| | - Michael Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Szabolcs Kéri
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
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27
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Leonard CJ, Robinson BM, Hahn B, Gold JM, Luck SJ. Enhanced distraction by magnocellular salience signals in schizophrenia. Neuropsychologia 2014; 56:359-66. [PMID: 24561035 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research on schizophrenia has provided evidence of both impaired attentional control and dysfunctional magnocellular sensory processing. The present study tested the hypothesis that these impairments may be related, such that people with schizophrenia would be differentially distracted by stimuli that strongly activate the magnocellular pathway. To accomplish this, we used a visual attention paradigm from the basic cognitive neuroscience literature designed to assess the capture of attention by salient but irrelevant stimuli. Participants searched for a target shape in an array of non-target shapes. On some trials, a salient distractor was presented that either selectively activated the parvocellular system (parvo-biased distractors) or activated both the magnocellular and parvocellular systems (magno+parvo distractors). For both manual reaction times and eye movement measures, the magno+parvo distractors captured attention more strongly than the parvo-biased distractors in people with schizophrenia, but the opposite pattern was observed in matched healthy control participants. These results indicate that attentional control deficits in schizophrenia may arise, at least in part, by means of an interaction with magnocellular sensory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly J Leonard
- Center for Mind & Brain and Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, United States.
| | - Benjamin M Robinson
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Britta Hahn
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - James M Gold
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Steven J Luck
- Center for Mind & Brain and Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, United States
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28
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Bakanidze G, Roinishvili M, Chkonia E, Kitzrow W, Richter S, Neumann K, Herzog MH, Brand A, Puls I. Association of the Nicotinic Receptor α7 Subunit Gene (CHRNA7) with Schizophrenia and Visual Backward Masking. Front Psychiatry 2013; 4:133. [PMID: 24155726 PMCID: PMC3805058 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The nicotinic system is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, very little is known about its genetic basis and how it relates to clinical symptoms and potentially pharmacological intervention. Here, we investigated five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) [rs3826029] [rs2337506] [rs982574] [rs904952] [rs2337980] of the cholinergic nicotinic receptor gene, alpha 7 subunit (CHRNA7) and their association to schizophrenia. We found an association with rs904952 (p = 0.009) in a German sample of 224 schizophrenic patients and 224 healthy control subjects. The same trend was shown in an independent Georgian sample of 50 schizophrenic patients, 57 first order unaffected relatives, and 51 healthy controls. In addition, visual backward masking (VBM), a sensitive test for early visual information processing, was assessed in the Georgian sample. In line with prior studies, VBM performance deficits were much more pronounced in schizophrenic patients and their unaffected relatives compared to healthy controls (schizophrenic patients: 156 ms; unaffected relatives: 60 ms; healthy controls: 33 ms). VBM was strongly correlated with SNP rs904952 (H[2] = 7.3, p = 0.026). Our results further support the notion that changes in the nicotinic system are involved in schizophrenia and open the avenue for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Bakanidze
- Genetic Section, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CCM, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maya Roinishvili
- Department of Behaviour and Cognitive Functions, I. Beritashvili Institute of Physiology, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Eka Chkonia
- Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Psychiatry, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Werner Kitzrow
- Genetic Section, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CCM, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarina Richter
- Genetic Section, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CCM, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konrad Neumann
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, CCM, Charite University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael H. Herzog
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Brand
- Center for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Bremen-Ost, Bremen, Germany
| | - Imke Puls
- Genetic Section, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CCM, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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