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Buttenheim AM, Schmucker L, Marcus N, Phatsoane M, Msolomba V, Rhagnath N, Majam M, Venter F, Thirumurthy H. Planning and commitment prompts to encourage reporting of HIV self-test results: A cluster randomized pragmatic trial in Tshwane District, South Africa. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0001196. [PMID: 36962680 PMCID: PMC10021661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reporting of HIV self-test results to encourage linkage to HIV care for those who receive a positive test result is a common challenge faced by HIV self-testing programs. The impact of self-testing programs is diminished if individuals who obtain a self-test do not use the test or seek confirmatory testing and initiate HIV treatment following a positive result. We conducted a cluster randomized trial of two interventions designed to increase reporting of HIV self-test results: a "plan and commit" intervention that leveraged insights from behavioral economics, and an enhanced usual care version of the standard HIV self-test community distribution protocol that promoted the importance of reporting results. The trial was conducted at community distribution sites for HIV self-tests in Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng Province, South Africa. The primary outcome was reporting of self-test results via a WhatsApp messaging system. We recruited 1,478 participants at 13 distribution sites over 24 days. In the plan and commit condition, 63/731 participants (8.7%) reported their test results via WhatsApp, compared to 59/747 participants (7.9%) in the enhanced usual care condition (n.s., p = 0.61). During the study period, 101/3,199 individuals (3.1%) who received a self-test under the standard protocol reported test results via WhatsApp, a significant difference across the three arms (p < .00001). Our results suggest that boosting the reporting of self-test results can be done solely through increasing the salience of the importance of reporting and a clear explanation of the procedure for reporting results. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03898557.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Buttenheim
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Laura Schmucker
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Noora Marcus
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mothepane Phatsoane
- Ezintsha, a Sub-Division of Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Vanessa Msolomba
- Ezintsha, a Sub-Division of Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Naleni Rhagnath
- Ezintsha, a Sub-Division of Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Majam
- Ezintsha, a Sub-Division of Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - François Venter
- Ezintsha, a Sub-Division of Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Harsha Thirumurthy
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Zhong W, Zhang G. Mental Simulation to Promote Exercise Intentions and Behaviors. Front Psychol 2021; 12:589622. [PMID: 34867568 PMCID: PMC8637839 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.589622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental simulation, which employs specific patterns of imagery, can increase the intention to exercise as well as actual engagement in exercise. The present studies explored the effects of mental simulation on the intention to engage in exercise while regulating emotions. The first study confirmed that mental simulation did promote intentions of participants. The second found that video-primed mental simulation was a more effective method of exercise intention promotion than semantic-primed and image-primed mental simulation. In the third study, it was found that combining process-based and outcome-based mental simulations increased exercise intentions. Positive emotions mediated imagery ability and intention to exercise. The final study found that the mental simulation interventions most effective for exercise adherence were those that balanced the valence of process and outcome components in such a way that a challenging process results in a positive outcome, or a smooth process results in a negative outcome. Each of these results has practical implications for exercise interventions that will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitan Zhong
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoli Zhang
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Prokopowicz A, Byrka K. Effectiveness of mental simulations on the early mobilization of patients after cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22634. [PMID: 34811410 PMCID: PMC8608872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate whether psychological intervention (single mental simulation) among women after cesarean surgery (CC) can affect their willingness to verticalize, actual verticalization, and the duration of the first mobilization. In this prospective randomised, controlled study, 150 women after CC were divided into 3 groups: experimental group with process-simulation with elements of relaxation, experimental group with outcome-simulation with elements of relaxation and control group with elements of relaxation only. After a 5-h stay in the post-operative room, women listened to a recording with a stimulation. Pain and anxiety of verticalization were measured before and after listening to the recording and after verticalization. Almost 12% more patients verticalized in the process-simulation group than in the control group. Percentages of mobilized patients were: 39.4% the process-simulation group; 32.8% in the outcome-simulation group; 27.7% controls (p = 0.073). Mobilization was 5 min longer in the process-simulation group then in control (p < 0.01). Anxiety after the simulation was a significant covariate of the willingness to verticalize, actual verticalization and time spent in mobilization. We conclude that a single mental simulation can effectively motivate patients for their first verticalization after CC. Perceived anxiety before verticalization may affect the effectiveness of interventions, so we recommend to check it at the postoperative care. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04829266.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Prokopowicz
- Division of Midwifery and Gynaecological Nursing, Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Kazimierza Bartla 5, 50-996, Wrocław, Poland. .,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital in Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Byrka
- Faculty of Psychology in Wroclaw, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wrocław, Poland
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Cole SN, Smith DM, Ragan K, Suurmond R, Armitage CJ. Synthesizing the effects of mental simulation on behavior change: Systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis. Psychon Bull Rev 2021; 28:1514-1537. [PMID: 33948918 PMCID: PMC8500882 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-021-01880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mental simulation of future scenarios is hypothesized to affect future behavior, but a large and inconsistent literature means it is unclear whether, and under what conditions, mental simulation can change people's behavior. A meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the effects of mental simulation on behavior and examine under what conditions mental simulation works best. An inclusive systematic database search identified 123 (N = 5,685) effect sizes comparing mental simulation to a control group. After applying a multilevel random effects model, a statistically-reliable positive effect of Hedges' g = 0.49, 95% CI [0.37; 0.62] was found, which was significantly different than zero. Using a taxonomy to identify different subtypes of mental simulation (along two dimensions, class [process, performance, outcome] and purpose [whether an inferior, standard, superior version of that behavior is simulated]), it was found that superior simulations garnered more reliable beneficial effects than inferior simulations. These findings have implications for integrating theories of how mental simulations change behavior, how mental simulations are classified, and may help guide professionals seeking evidence-based and cost-effective methods of changing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott N Cole
- Department of Psychology, York Saint John University, York, YO31 7EX, UK
| | - Debbie M Smith
- Psychology, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, LS18 5HD, UK
| | - Kathryn Ragan
- Psychology, Newcastile University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Robert Suurmond
- School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, 6229 GT, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Christopher J Armitage
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Norman P, Webb TL, Millings A. Using the theory of planned behaviour and implementation intentions to reduce binge drinking in new university students. Psychol Health 2019; 34:478-496. [PMID: 30636436 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2018.1544369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive alcohol consumption, including binge drinking, increases when students enter university. This study tests whether combining messages targeting theory of planned behaviour (TPB) constructs with if-then plans (i.e. implementation intentions) to avoid binge drinking reduces binge drinking in new university students. DESIGN One month after starting university, students (N = 407) were randomly assigned to condition in a 2 (TPB messages) × 2 (implementation intentions) factorial design. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cognitions about binge drinking were assessed immediately post-intervention. Frequency of binge drinking was assessed at one-month follow-up (n = 205). RESULTS Participants who viewed the messages had significantly weaker intentions to engage in binge drinking and less favourable cognitions about binge drinking (affective attitude, descriptive norms, and self-efficacy) than those who did not view the messages. In addition, participants who formed an implementation intention to avoid binge drinking reported significantly fewer instances of binge drinking at follow-up. CONCLUSION The findings provide some support for the use of interventions based on the TPB to reduce intentions to engage in binge drinking and for forming implementation intentions to reduce the frequency of binge drinking in new university students. No evidence was found for the synergistic effect of combining the two interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Norman
- a Department of Psychology , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Thomas L Webb
- a Department of Psychology , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Abigail Millings
- a Department of Psychology , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
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Allenet B, Lehmann A, Baudrant M, Gauchet A. [We have to stop talking about "non compliant" patients but rather about patients with difficulties of medication adherence]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2018; 76:489-498. [PMID: 30196933 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Medication adherence can be defined as the link between "what the patient implements" and "what the patient and his doctor have decided together after negotiating without constrains". This definition should be put into perspective with the chronology of the disease and the way the patient experiences it. Counselling actions should always be adapted to the situation and negotiated with the patient, all along the process of care. This article proposes a model for this process and offers options pour tailored counselling. Key elements for pharmacist's practice are: simplify the prescription; communicate with the patient according to his stage of acceptation of the disease; get adequate training for motivational interviewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Allenet
- Pôle pharmacie, UF pharmacie clinique, unité transversale d'éducation du patient de l'Arc Alpin, CHU de Grenoble, université Grenoble-Alpes, ThEMAS TIMC-IMAG (UMR CNRS 5525), CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | - A Lehmann
- Pôle pharmacie, UF pharmacie clinique, unité transversale d'éducation du patient de l'Arc Alpin, CHU de Grenoble, université Grenoble-Alpes, ThEMAS TIMC-IMAG (UMR CNRS 5525), CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - M Baudrant
- Pôle pharmacie, UF pharmacie clinique, unité transversale d'éducation du patient de l'Arc Alpin, CHU de Grenoble, université Grenoble-Alpes, ThEMAS TIMC-IMAG (UMR CNRS 5525), CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - A Gauchet
- Laboratoire inter universitaire de psychologie, PC2S, EA 4145, université Grenoble-Alpes, 38400 Saint Martin d'Hères, France
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Hagger MS, Trost N, Keech JJ, Chan DK, Hamilton K. Predicting sugar consumption: Application of an integrated dual-process, dual-phase model. Appetite 2017; 116:147-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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