1
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Ünal B, Kaya S, Besken M. Mixed in a World of Truth and Lies: List Composition Moderates the Effects of a Lie Fabrication Manipulation on Memory and Metamemory. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241282575. [PMID: 39276180 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241282575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
Research has shown that list composition moderates the effects of encoding manipulations on memory performance; differential memory performance is observed at distinct levels of the independent variable in mixed lists, but not in pure lists. The current study aims to investigate the effect of list composition on predicted and actual memory performance using a semantic lie fabrication manipulation. In Experiment 1, participants either told the truth or fabricated a lie in response to a set of general knowledge questions in a mixed-list design, made memory predictions for each response, and received a free recall test. Experiments 2A and 2B compared the effect of list composition by employing mixed and pure lists, respectively. The results showed that the lie fabrication led to a metacognitive illusion in mixed lists by inducing a crossed double dissociation between memory and metamemory. Participants produced higher memory performance and lower memory predictions for lies than the truth. In contrast, predicted and actual memory performance were similar for truth and lies in pure lists. These findings contribute to the existing body of knowledge on list composition and have implications for situations where individuals need to maintain and remember their fabricated lies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belgin Ünal
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Çankaya, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Samet Kaya
- Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Çankaya, Ankara, Türkiye
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Miri Besken
- Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Çankaya, Ankara, Türkiye
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2
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Otgaar H, Mangiulli I, Battista F, Howe ML. External and internal influences yield similar memory effects: the role of deception and suggestion. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1081528. [PMID: 37701866 PMCID: PMC10494980 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1081528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In legal cases, testimonies can become contaminated because of an amalgam of external and internal influences on memory. It is well-established that external influences (e.g., suggestive interviews) can hurt memory. However, less focus has been placed on the impact of internal influences (e.g., lying) on memory. In the current review, we show that the available evidence suggests that both external and internal influences exert similar effects on memory. That is, we review studies showing that suggesting non-occurrences and suggesting non-experiences can lead to omission errors and false memories, respectively. Likewise, these memory effects are also observed when focusing on internal influences. That is, false denials, feigning amnesia and fabrication have been shown to affect memory in terms of forgetting (i.e., omissions) and false memories (i.e., commissions). Also, we show that both external and internal influences can lead to changes in the belief that an event occurred. We argue that in legal cases, triers of fact should concentrate on whether both types of influences might have affected testimonial accuracy in witnesses, victims, and suspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Otgaar
- Leuven Institute of Criminology (LINC), Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ivan Mangiulli
- Leuven Institute of Criminology (LINC), Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Education, Psychology, and Communication Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabiana Battista
- Department of Education, Psychology, and Communication Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Mark L. Howe
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Kaya S, Besken M, Bal C, Berjin İke S. Online dating through lies: the effects of lie fabrication for personal semantic information on predicted and actual memory performance. Memory 2023; 31:545-559. [PMID: 36794513 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2023.2178660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Research shows that people lie on online dating sites often but might fail to remember this information subsequently. This study investigated participants' predicted and actual memory performance for personal semantic information after telling the truth versus a lie in two experiments in a setup similar to online dating sites. In Experiment 1, participants responded to open-ended questions either truthfully or fabricated lies in a within-subjects design, followed by predictions for remembering their responses. Subsequently, they recalled their responses through free-recall. Using the same design, Experiment 2 also manipulated the type of retrieval task by using a free- or cued-recall test. The results showed that participants consistently had higher memory predictions for truthful than deceptive responses. However, the actual memory performance did not always produce similar results to their predictions. The results suggest that the difficulties during lie fabrication, measured through response latencies, partially mediated the relationship between lying and memory predictions. The study has important applied implications for lying about personal semantic information in online dating contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samet Kaya
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Bilkent University, Çankaya, Turkey
| | - Miri Besken
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Bilkent University, Çankaya, Turkey
| | - Ceren Bal
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Bilkent University, Çankaya, Turkey
| | - Selin Berjin İke
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Bilkent University, Çankaya, Turkey
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4
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Riesthuis P, Otgaar H, de Cort A, Bogaard G, Mangiulli I. Creating a False Alibi Leads to Errors of Commission and Omission. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Riesthuis
- Leuven Institute of Criminology, KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven Belgium
- Forensic Psychology Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University, Minderbroedersberg 4‐6, 6211 LK Maastricht Netherlands
| | - Henry Otgaar
- Leuven Institute of Criminology, KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven Belgium
- Forensic Psychology Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University, Minderbroedersberg 4‐6, 6211 LK Maastricht Netherlands
| | - Anne de Cort
- Leuven Institute of Criminology, KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Glynis Bogaard
- Forensic Psychology Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University, Minderbroedersberg 4‐6, 6211 LK Maastricht Netherlands
| | - Ivan Mangiulli
- Leuven Institute of Criminology, KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven Belgium
- Forensic Psychology Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University, Minderbroedersberg 4‐6, 6211 LK Maastricht Netherlands
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5
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Li Y, Liu Z, Liu X. More Lies Lead to More Memory Impairments in Daily Life. Front Psychol 2022; 13:822788. [PMID: 35273544 PMCID: PMC8902636 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.822788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that lying can undermine memory and that its memory-undermining effects could be modulated by the cognitive resources required to tell lies. We extended the investigation of the memory-undermining effect by using a daily life setting in which participants were highly involved in a mock shopping task. Participants were randomly assigned to truth-telling, denying or mixed lying conditions. After finishing the shopping task, participants were told that two people wanted to know about their shopping lists and would ask them some questions in an interview. During the interview, participants were asked whether each of ten items were on the shopping list, five of which were randomly selected from the shopping list, while the other five were not sold in the store. In answering the interview questions, the truth-telling group was asked to respond honestly, the denying group was asked to give denial responses, and the mixed lying group was asked to respond deceptively. Thus, the denying group told five lies and the mixed lying group told ten lies in the interview. The item memory test, source memory test and destination memory test were given in an orderly manner 48 h after the interview. We found that the mixed lying group, rather than the denying group, forgot the lies they told in the interview and mistakenly believed they had lied about something that they had not lied about. Moreover, the mixed lying group retained fewer memories about the person they responded to than the honest group. In addition, participants in the mixed lying group had more non-believed memories than those in the truth-telling group in both item and source memory tests. We conclude that more lies could result in more memory disruptions in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,School of Education and Psychology, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,School of Education and Psychology, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Xiping Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
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6
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Who did I lie to that day? Deception impairs memory in daily life. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 86:1763-1773. [PMID: 34988638 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Research has demonstrated that deceptive responses can undermine item and source memories. However, previous studies have often randomly assigned participants to an honest or deception group and asked them to respond in specific ways in an interview, rather than providing them a choice of what response to give. Moreover, little attention has been given to destination memory in previous research. Using a daily life paradigm, we investigated the effects of deception on memory. After completing a mock shopping task, participants were told that someone would ask them questions about their shopping lists. The participants voluntarily chose to tell the truth or lie in the interview and were encouraged to respond as they would in their daily lives. An item memory test, source memory test and destination memory test were given 48 h after the interview. Source and destination memories but not item memories were impaired for participants who chose to lie. Specifically, liars forgot the things about which they lied and mistakenly believed that they lied about many things that they did not, and they also did not remember to whom they lied. We conclude that deception can disrupt memory in daily life.
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7
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The Memory-Undermining Effect of Simulated Crime-Related Amnesia and Its Legal Implications: a Review. PSYCHOLOGICAL INJURY & LAW 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12207-021-09441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPretending to suffer from amnesia for a mock crime has been shown to lead to memory impairments. Specifically, when people are asked to give up their role of simulators, they typically recall fewer crime-relevant details than those who initially confess to a crime. In the current review, we amassed all experimental work on this subject and assessed the characteristics of the memory-undermining effect of simulated amnesia for a crime procedure (i.e., crime stimuli, simulating amnesia instructions, memory tests, and memory outcomes). We specifically focused on the effect that crime-related amnesia claims may have on offenders’ final memory reports. Our review showed that simulators who initially claimed amnesia might paradoxically experience some sort of forgetting pertaining to crime-related information. This issue could likely lead to legal complications that need be taken into account in crime-related amnesia cases.
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8
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Li Y, Liu Z. Involvement Modulates the Effects of Deception on Memory in Daily Life. Front Psychol 2021; 12:756297. [PMID: 34721236 PMCID: PMC8554013 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.756297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that liars who adopt a false denial strategy often forget what they lied about, which has been labeled the denial-induced forgetting (DIF) effect. However, several investigations have not found such an effect. It has been suggested that involvement might play a role in the inconsistency. The present study was designed to directly determine whether involvement modulates the effects of deception on memory. Participants were assigned randomly to either high- or low-involvement conditions and were required to complete a mock shopping task. They were then asked to participate in an interview in which they were asked to respond honestly or deceptively. Two days later, final memory tests were given, and the participants were asked to give honest responses. We found a DIF effect in the high-involvement condition but not in the low-involvement condition. Moreover, the liars in the high-involvement condition created more non-believed memories in the source memory test and the destination memory test than the honest participants. In addition, liars in both the high- and low-involvement conditions forgot who they lied to. We conclude that the effects of deception on memory could be influenced by the degree of involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
- School of Education and Psychology, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
- School of Education and Psychology, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
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9
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Mangiulli I, Jelicic M, Patihis L, Otgaar H. Believing in dissociative amnesia relates to claiming it: a survey of people's experiences and beliefs about dissociative amnesia. Memory 2021; 29:1362-1374. [PMID: 34637695 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2021.1987475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Dissociative amnesia is one of the most controversial categories in the field of psychiatry and clinical psychology. Self-reports of dissociative amnesia in the general population, and beliefs about this topic, have so far not been subjected to empirical scrutiny. Here, we surveyed a sample from the general population (N = 1017), revealing that about a tenth (n = 102) claimed to have experienced dissociative amnesia. Some claims pertained to amnesia for traumatic autobiographical experiences (e.g., sexual assault), while other claims reflected memory loss for experiences that can be regarded as non-traumatic or non-stressful (e.g., dissociative amnesia for an anniversary). Importantly, many participants believed in the existence of dissociative amnesia, and those who claimed dissociative amnesia indicated even more belief in this phenomenon than the rest of the sample. Finally, many participants indicated to have at least once claimed to have feigned memory loss in their life, and that they experienced some form of forgetting when trying to retrieve events for which they lied upon. Overall, our findings suggest that claiming dissociative amnesia goes hand in hand with believing in dissociative amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mangiulli
- Faculty of Law, Leuven Institute of Criminology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Forensic Psychology Section, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marko Jelicic
- Forensic Psychology Section, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lawrence Patihis
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Henry Otgaar
- Faculty of Law, Leuven Institute of Criminology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Forensic Psychology Section, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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10
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Battista F, Mangiulli I, Riesthuis P, Curci A, Otgaar H. Do liars really remember what they lied upon? The impact of fabrication on memory. Memory 2021; 29:1076-1090. [PMID: 34339348 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2021.1960380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present experiment aimed to examine how fabrication can affect memory. In particular, we examined whether different types of fabrication can lead to different mnemonic effects. A sample of 159 participants watched a video of a robbery and subsequently answered some questions about it. Participants were divided into three conditions: one group was instructed to tell the truth (i.e., truth-telling group), while the other two groups were instructed to lie either by partially distorting details (i.e., distortion group) or by completely making up wrong details of the event seen in the video (i.e., fabrication group). Two days later, participants completed a final memory test where they honestly answered recognition and recall questions concerning: (i) memory for the video and (ii) memory for having discussed details during the interview. Results showed that different types of fabrication affect liars' memory differently. Fabricators reported an undermining of memory for the event, whereas those who partially distorted details reported a higher impairment for the interview. Our findings showed that the effects of lying on liars' memory might be determined by the cognitive resources required to lie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Battista
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,Leuven Institute of Criminology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ivan Mangiulli
- Leuven Institute of Criminology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Riesthuis
- Leuven Institute of Criminology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antonietta Curci
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Henry Otgaar
- Leuven Institute of Criminology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Section Forensic Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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11
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Battista F, Otgaar H, Mangiulli I, Curci A. The role of executive functions in the effects of lying on memory. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2021; 215:103295. [PMID: 33752141 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that lying can affect memory and that such memory effects are based on the cognitive load required in performing the lie. The present study aimed to verify whether the impact of two deceptive strategies (i.e., false denials and fabrication) depends on individuals' cognitive resources in terms of Executive Functions (i.e., EF: Shifting, Inhibition, and Updating). A sample of 147 participants watched a video of a robbery and then were instructed to either fabricate (i.e., fabrication condition), deny (i.e. false denial condition), or tell the truth (i.e., truth-telling condition) to some questions about the crime. Two days later, all participants had to provide an honest account on a final memory test where they indicated their memory for having discussed details (i.e., fabricated, denied, or told the truth) and their memory for the video. Finally, their EF resources were also assessed. Our findings demonstrated that individual differences in EFs played a role in how the event was recalled and on the effects of lying on memory. That is, memory for the event after having lied depended especially on individuals' Shifting resources. We also found that the two deceptive strategies differentially affected individuals' memory for the interview and for the event: Denying affected memory for the interview while fabricating affected memory for the event. Our findings can inform legal professionals on the possibility to assess individuals' EF as an indicator of witnesses' credibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Battista
- University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy; Leuven Institute of Criminology, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Henry Otgaar
- Leuven Institute of Criminology, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium; Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Ivan Mangiulli
- Leuven Institute of Criminology, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
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12
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An experimental investigation of the misinformation effect in crime‐related amnesia claims. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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The impact of false denials on forgetting and false memory. Cognition 2020; 202:104322. [PMID: 32470711 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
People sometimes falsely deny having experienced an event. In the current experiments, we examined the effect of false denials on forgetting and false memory formation. In Experiment 1, participants were presented with emotionally-negative and neutral associatively related word lists known to engender false memories. After encoding, half of the participants had to falsely deny having seen the words while the other half had to tell the truth. During a final memory test (recall or source monitoring task), participants who falsely denied forgot that they discussed certain words with an experimenter. Furthermore, the act of falsely denying reduced the formation of false memories. These results were partially replicated in Experiment 2 where participants also had to re-learn several words and received a second memory task. This latter design feature diminished the effect of false denials on false memory creation. Our experiments suggest that false denials not only have negative consequences (forgetting), but can have positive ones too (reduction in false memories).
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14
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15
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Mangiulli I, Lanciano T, van Oorsouw K, Jelicic M, Curci A. Do reminders of the crime reverse the memory-undermining effect of simulating amnesia? Mem Cognit 2019; 47:1375-1385. [PMID: 31102189 PMCID: PMC6800869 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-019-00939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Research shows that simulating amnesia impairs actual memory for a mock crime. Lack of rehearsal has been suggested as the most likely explanation for this finding because feigning amnesia is linked to reduced thinking about the offence. We investigated whether reminders about the crime could reverse the memory-undermining effect of simulation. In two studies, participants watched a video of a violent crime. After, they were asked to either simulate amnesia or confess the crime. During the week between the first and second memory test phase, participants were provided with reminders of the crime in two different modalities. In Study 1 (pilot), participants received frames of the mock crime video via WhatsApp. Findings showed that such reminders did not enhance ex-simulators' memory. In Study 2, participants were asked to put sequences of the mock crime in the right order. This latter modality led to enhanced memory for the offence in simulating participants. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings for the legal field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mangiulli
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari A. Moro, Bari, Italy.
- Forensic Psychology Section, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - T Lanciano
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari A. Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - K van Oorsouw
- Forensic Psychology Section, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M Jelicic
- Forensic Psychology Section, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Curci
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari A. Moro, Bari, Italy
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16
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Mangiulli I, van Oorsouw K, Curci A, Jelicic M. Retrieval-Induced Forgetting in the Feigning Amnesia for a Crime Paradigm. Front Psychol 2019; 10:928. [PMID: 31080428 PMCID: PMC6497810 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that, when asked to honestly provide information about a mock crime, former feigners performed worse than those who were requested to confess to this event. Thus, feigning amnesia for a mock crime undermined genuine memory for the same experience. In the present study, we examined whether retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) underlies this memory-undermining effect. After watching a mock crime, participants had to feign amnesia or confess to having committed that crime. Feigners were given retrieval practice instructions (i.e., retrieval-practice group) or no further instructions (i.e., control group). Immediately and 1 day later, all participants had to genuinely report what they remembered about the crime. Although simulators in the retrieval-practice group recalled the largest amount of information as a positive consequence of retrieval, the ratio for crucial crime-related details was lower than that exhibited by both simulators who were given no instructions and confessors. These findings suggest that RIF might play a role in forgetting critical information in claims of crime-related amnesia. Theoretical and practical implications will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mangiulli
- Forensic Psychology Section, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Kim van Oorsouw
- Forensic Psychology Section, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Antonietta Curci
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marko Jelicic
- Forensic Psychology Section, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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17
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Romeo T, Otgaar H, Smeets T, Landström S, Jelicic M. The memory‐impairing effects of simulated amnesia for a mock crime. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tameka Romeo
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Forensic Psychology SectionMaastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
- University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Henry Otgaar
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Forensic Psychology SectionMaastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
- Leuven Institute of CriminologyCatholic University of Leuven Belgium
| | - Tom Smeets
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Forensic Psychology SectionMaastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
| | | | - Marko Jelicic
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Forensic Psychology SectionMaastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
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