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Rubien-Thomas E, Lin YC, Chan I, Conley MI, Skalaban L, Kopp H, Adake A, Richeson JA, Gee DG, Baskin-Sommers A, Casey BJ. Interactive effects of participant and stimulus race on cognitive performance in youth: Insights from the ABCD study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 67:101393. [PMID: 38838435 PMCID: PMC11214402 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
An extensive literature shows that race information can impact cognitive performance. Two key findings include an attentional bias to Black racial cues in U.S. samples and diminished recognition of other-race faces compared to same-race faces in predominantly White adult samples. Yet face stimuli are increasingly used in psychological research often unrelated to race (Conley et al., 2018) or without consideration for how race information may influence cognitive performance, especially among developmental participants from different racial groups. In the current study we used open-access data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM (ABCD) Study® 4.0.1 release to test for developmentally similar other- and same-race effects of Black and White face stimuli on attention, working memory, and recognition memory in 9- and 10-year-old Black and White children (n=5,659) living in the U.S. Black and White children showed better performance when attending to Black versus White faces. We also show an advantage in recognition memory of same-race compared to other-race faces in White children that did not generalize to Black children. Together the findings highlight how race information, even when irrelevant to an experiment, may indirectly lead to misinterpretation of group differences in cognitive performance in children of different racial backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yen-Chu Lin
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College-Columbia University, New York, USA.
| | - Ivan Chan
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - May I Conley
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lena Skalaban
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hailey Kopp
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College-Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Arya Adake
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College-Columbia University, New York, USA
| | | | - Dylan G Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - B J Casey
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College-Columbia University, New York, USA.
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Osanami Törngren S, Schütze C, Van Belle E, Nyström M. "We choose this CV because we choose diversity" - What do eye movements say about the choices recruiters make? FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2024; 9:1222850. [PMID: 38515653 PMCID: PMC10954785 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2024.1222850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction A large body of research has established a consensus that racial discrimination in CV screening occurs and persists. Nevertheless, we still know very little about how recruiters look at the CV and how this is connected to the discriminatory patterns. This article examines the way recruiters view and select CVs and how they reason about their CV selection choices, as a first step in unpacking the patterns of hiring discrimination. Specifically, we explore how race and ethnicity signaled through the CV matter, and how recruiters reason about the choices they make. Methods We recorded data from 40 respondents (20 pairs) who are real-life recruiters with experiences in recruitment of diverse employees in three large Swedish-based firms in the finance and retail sector in two large cities. The participating firms all value diversity, equity and inclusion in their recruitment. Their task was to individually rate 10 fictious CVs where race (signaled by face image) and ethnicity (signaled by name) were systematically manipulated, select the top three candidates, and then discuss their choices in pairs to decide on a single top candidate. We examined whether respondents' choices were associated with the parts of the CV they looked at, and how they reasoned and justified their choices through dialog. Results Our results show that non-White CVs were rated higher than White CVs. While we do not observe any statistically significant differences in the ratings between different racial groups, we see a statistically significant preference for Chinese over Iraqi names. There were no significant differences in time spent looking at the CV across different racial groups, but respondents looked longer at Polish names compared to Swedish names when presented next to a White face. The dialog data reveal how respondents assess different CVs by making assumptions about the candidates' job and organizational fit through limited information on the CVs, especially when the qualifications of the candidates are evaluated to be equal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Osanami Törngren
- Department of Global Political Studies, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity, and Welfare, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carolin Schütze
- Department of Global Political Studies, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity, and Welfare, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eva Van Belle
- Brussels Institute for Social and Population Studies (BRISPO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Lee AM, Xu Y, Hooper SR, Abraham AG, Hu J, Xiao R, Matheson MB, Brunson C, Rhee EP, Coresh J, Vasan RS, Schrauben S, Kimmel PL, Warady BA, Furth SL, Hartung EA, Denburg MR. Circulating Metabolomic Associations with Neurocognitive Outcomes in Pediatric CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 19:13-25. [PMID: 37871960 PMCID: PMC10843217 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with CKD are at risk for impaired neurocognitive functioning. We investigated metabolomic associations with neurocognition in children with CKD. METHODS We leveraged data from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) study and the Neurocognitive Assessment and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis of Children and Young Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease (NiCK) study. CKiD is a multi-institutional cohort that enrolled children aged 6 months to 16 years with eGFR 30-90 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ( n =569). NiCK is a single-center cross-sectional study of participants aged 8-25 years with eGFR<90 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ( n =60) and matched healthy controls ( n =67). Untargeted metabolomic quantification was performed on plasma (CKiD, 622 metabolites) and serum (NiCK, 825 metabolites) samples. Four neurocognitive domains were assessed: intelligence, attention regulation, working memory, and parent ratings of executive function. Repeat assessments were performed in CKiD at 2-year intervals. Linear regression and linear mixed-effects regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, delivery history, hypertension, proteinuria, CKD duration, and glomerular versus nonglomerular diagnosis were used to identify metabolites associated with neurocognitive z-scores. Analyses were performed with and without adjustment for eGFR. RESULTS There were multiple metabolite associations with neurocognition observed in at least two of the analytic samples (CKiD baseline, CKiD follow-up, and NiCK CKD). Most of these metabolites were significantly elevated in children with CKD compared with healthy controls in NiCK. Notable signals included associations with parental ratings of executive function: phenylacetylglutamine, indoleacetylglutamine, and trimethylamine N-oxide-and with intelligence: γ -glutamyl amino acids and aconitate. CONCLUSIONS Several metabolites were associated with neurocognitive dysfunction in pediatric CKD, implicating gut microbiome-derived substances, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered energy metabolism, circulating toxins, and redox homeostasis. PODCAST This article contains a podcast at https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2023_11_17_CJN0000000000000318.mp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur M. Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yunwen Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stephen R. Hooper
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alison G. Abraham
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado University School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rui Xiao
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew B. Matheson
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Celina Brunson
- Division of Nephrology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Eugene P. Rhee
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah Schrauben
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Medicine and Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul L. Kimmel
- Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bradley A. Warady
- Division of Nephrology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Susan L. Furth
- Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erum A. Hartung
- Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle R. Denburg
- Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Zhang Y, Yang T, He Y, Meng F, Zhang K, Jin X, Cui X, Luo X. Value of P300 amplitude in the diagnosis of untreated first-episode schizophrenia and psychosis risk syndrome in children and adolescents. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:743. [PMID: 37828471 PMCID: PMC10571359 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying the characteristic neurobiological changes of early psychosis is helpful for early clinical diagnosis. However, previous studies on the brain electrophysiology of children and adolescents with psychosis are rare. METHODS This study compared P300 amplitude at multiple electrodes between children and adolescents with first-episode schizophrenia (FES, n = 48), children and adolescents with psychosis risk syndrome (PRS, n = 24), and healthy controls (HC, n = 30). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to test the ability of P300 amplitude to distinguish FES, PRS and HC individuals. RESULTS The P300 amplitude in the FES group were significantly lower than those in the HC at the Cz, Pz, and Oz electrodes. The P300 amplitude was also significantly lower in the prodromal group than in the HC at the Pz and Oz electrodes. ROC curve analysis showed that at the Pz electrode, the P300 amplitude evoked by the target and standard stimulus showed high sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the curve value for distinguishing FES from HC individuals. CONCLUSIONS This study found early visual P300 deficits in children and adolescents with FES and PRS, with the exclusion of possible influence of medication and chronic medical conditions, suggesting the value of P300 amplitude for the identification of early psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yuqiong He
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Fanchao Meng
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xingyue Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xilong Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| | - Xuerong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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Serafini L, Pesciarelli F. Neural timing of the other-race effect across the lifespan: A review. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14203. [PMID: 36371686 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Face race influences the way we process faces, so that faces of a different ethnic group are processed for identity less efficiently than faces of one's ethnic group - a phenomenon known as the Other-Race Effect (ORE). Although widely replicated, the ORE is still poorly characterized in terms of its development and the underlying mechanisms. In the last two decades, the Event-Related Potential (ERP) technique has brought insight into the mechanisms underlying the ORE and has demonstrated potential to clarify its development. Here, we review the ERP evidence for a differential neural processing of own-race and other-race faces throughout the lifespan. In infants, race-related processing differences emerged at the N290 and P400 (structural encoding) stages. In children, race affected the P100 (early processing, attention) perceptual stage and was implicitly encoded at the N400 (semantic processing) stage. In adults, processing difficulties for other-race faces emerged at the N170 (structural encoding), P200 (configuration processing) and N250 (accessing individual representations) perceptual stages. Early in processing, race was implicitly encoded from other-race faces (N100, P200 attentional biases) and in-depth processing preferentially applied to own-race faces (N200 attentional bias). Encoding appeared less efficient (Dm effects) and retrieval less recollection-based (old/new effects) for other-race faces. Evidence admits the contribution of perceptual, attentional, and motivational processes to the development and functioning of the ORE, offering no conclusive support for perceptual or socio-cognitive accounts. Cross-racial and non-cross-racial studies provided convergent evidence. Future research would need to include less represented ethnic populations and the developmental population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Serafini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Pesciarelli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Ran G, Li R, Zhang Q. The effect of attention bias modification on the recognition of dynamic-angry faces in individuals with high social anxiety: Evidence from event-related brain potentials. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Peckham AD. Why Don't Cognitive Training Programs Transfer to Real Life?: Three Possible Explanations and Recommendations for Future Research. THE BEHAVIOR THERAPIST 2021; 44:357-360. [PMID: 35813267 PMCID: PMC9262342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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Zhai J, Xie J, Chen J, Huang Y, Ma Y, Huang Y. The presence of other-race people disrupts spontaneous level-2 visual perspective taking. Scand J Psychol 2021; 62:655-664. [PMID: 34191306 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Visual perspective taking is an essential skill for effective social interaction. Previous studies have tested various perceiver-based factors that affect intentional perspective taking; however, the factors affecting spontaneous perspective taking remain unknown. To fill this gap, the present study used a novel spontaneous visual perspective taking paradigm to explore how an agent's race and emotion affect spontaneous level-2 visual perspective taking. In Experiment 1, the participants completed a mental rotation task while a human agent simultaneously gazed at the target with positive, negative, or neutral facial expressions. The agent was African, Caucasian, or Chinese. The results revealed that the other-race agents disrupted the participants' spontaneous level-2 visual perspective taking, while emotion weakly affected it. Experiment 2 retested whether emotion could affect spontaneous level-2 visual perspective taking while only own-race agents were used. The participants completed the same task as that in Experiment 1. The results revealed that emotions weakly affected spontaneous level-2 visual perspective taking. In summary, the present study first examined what target-based factors affect spontaneous level-2 visual perspective taking. The results extend the representation and incorporation of the close others' responses (RICOR) model. Specifically, people routinely construct representations of other people's points of view when they share the same racial group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhai
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiushu Xie
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahan Chen
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujie Huang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuchao Ma
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanli Huang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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McNamara ME, Shumake J, Stewart RA, Labrada J, Alario A, Allen JJB, Palmer R, Schnyer DM, McGeary JE, Beevers CG. Multifactorial prediction of depression diagnosis and symptom dimensions. Psychiatry Res 2021; 298:113805. [PMID: 33647705 PMCID: PMC8042639 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
While depression is a leading cause of disability, prior investigations of depression have been limited by studying correlates in isolation. A data-driven approach was applied to identify out-of-sample predictors of current depression from adults (N = 217) sampled on a continuum of no depression to clinical levels. The current study used elastic net regularized regression and predictors from sociodemographic, self-report, polygenic scores, resting electroencephalography, pupillometry, actigraphy, and cognitive tasks to classify individuals into currently depressed (MDE), psychiatric control (PC), and no current psychopathology (NP) groups, as well as predicting symptom severity and lifetime MDE. Cross-validated models explained 20.6% of the out-of-fold deviance for the classification of MDEs versus PC, 33.2% of the deviance for MDE versus NP, but -0.6% of the deviance between PC and NP. Additionally, predictors accounted for 25.7% of the out-of-fold variance in anhedonia severity, 65.7% of the variance in depression severity, and 12.9% of the deviance in lifetime depression (yes/no). Self-referent processing, anhedonia, and psychosocial functioning emerged as important differentiators of MDE and PC groups. Findings highlight the advantages of using psychiatric control groups to isolate factors specific to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E McNamara
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
| | - Jason Shumake
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Rochelle A Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jocelyn Labrada
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Alexandra Alario
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - John J B Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Rohan Palmer
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David M Schnyer
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - John E McGeary
- Veterans Affairs, Providence RI and Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Christopher G Beevers
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Hsu KJ, Shumake J, Caffey K, Risom S, Labrada J, Smits JAJ, Schnyer DM, Beevers CG. Efficacy of attention bias modification training for depressed adults: a randomized clinical trial. Psychol Med 2021; 52:1-9. [PMID: 33766151 PMCID: PMC8464627 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the efficacy of attention bias modification training (ABMT) for the treatment of depression. METHODS In this randomized clinical trial, 145 adults (77% female, 62% white) with at least moderate depression severity [i.e. self-reported Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-SR) ⩾13] and a negative attention bias were randomized to active ABMT, sham ABMT, or assessments only. The training consisted of two in-clinic and three (brief) at-home ABMT sessions per week for 4 weeks (2224 training trials total). The pre-registered primary outcome was change in QIDS-SR. Secondary outcomes were the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRSD) and anhedonic depression and anxious arousal from the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire (MASQ). Primary and secondary outcomes were administered at baseline and four weekly assessments during ABMT. RESULTS Intent-to-treat analyses indicated that, relative to assessment-only, active ABMT significantly reduced QIDS-SR and HRSD scores by an additional 0.62 ± 0.23 (p = 0.008, d = -0.57) and 0.74 ± 0.31 (p = 0.021, d = -0.49) points per week. Similar results were observed for active v. sham ABMT: a greater symptom reduction of 0.44 ± 0.24 QIDS-SR (p = 0.067, d = -0.41) and 0.69 ± 0.32 HRSD (p = 0.033, d = -0.42) points per week. Sham ABMT did not significantly differ from the assessment-only condition. No significant differences were observed for the MASQ scales. CONCLUSION Depressed individuals with at least modest negative attentional bias benefitted from active ABMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kean J. Hsu
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jason Shumake
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kayla Caffey
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Semeon Risom
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jocelyn Labrada
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jasper A. J. Smits
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - David M. Schnyer
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Christopher G. Beevers
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Dotson VM, Duarte A. The importance of diversity in cognitive neuroscience. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1464:181-191. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vonetta M. Dotson
- Department of Psychology and the Gerontology InstituteGeorgia State University Atlanta Georgia
| | - Audrey Duarte
- Department of PsychologyGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia
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