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Porter NP, Dunnsue S, Hammond C, MacLean A, Bobek M, Watkins M, Ambrose K, Hogue A. "I need as much support as I can get": A qualitative study of young adult perspectives on family involvement in treatment for opioid use disorder. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION TREATMENT 2024; 167:209512. [PMID: 39265914 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2024.209512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid use disorder (OUD) among young adults (YAs) continues to persist as a national health crisis. Best practice recommendations for YA OUD treatment highlight the importance of medication for OUD (MOUD) and family involvement across the treatment services continuum for better treatment retention and outcomes. Yet, concerned significant others (CSOs) such as family members, romantic partners, and family-of-choice members are not routinely involved in OUD and MOUD treatment for YAs. METHOD We used convenience sampling to recruit 25 YAs (ages 21 to 36) in treatment for OUD from two urban treatment centers. We discussed with YAs the identities of their CSOs and the dynamics of those relationships, their perspectives on CSO involvement in their OUD treatment, and the beliefs and attitudes they hold about family involvement in treatment and recovery. Thematic content analysis was deductive-dominant based on a semi-structured qualitative interview guide. Group consensus coding was followed by matrix analysis. RESULTS We identified five main themes: (1) YA and CSO relationships were supportive, evolving, and complex. (2) CSO support motivated treatment engagement and participation. (3) Only a small proportion of CSOs participated in treatment activities despite actively supporting treatment in other ways. (4) YAs experienced their CSOs as supportive of their treatment and recovery goals, including MOUD. (5) YAs believed family involvement is essential to treatment and many were unsatisfied with current family involvement in their care. CONCLUSIONS In this qualitative study of OUD treatment experiences among YAs, we learned that many YAs have CSOs who are invested in their treatment and recovery and yet are not routinely involved in treatment. Moreover, YAs often expressed family involvement is essential to OUD treatment, and many expressed a desire for greater family involvement in their own treatment. Clinical recommendations for relationship-oriented treatment are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole P Porter
- Partnership to End Addiction, 711 Third Avenue, Suite 500, New York, NY 10017, United States of America.
| | - Sean Dunnsue
- Partnership to End Addiction, 711 Third Avenue, Suite 500, New York, NY 10017, United States of America
| | - Cori Hammond
- Partnership to End Addiction, 711 Third Avenue, Suite 500, New York, NY 10017, United States of America
| | - Alex MacLean
- Partnership to End Addiction, 711 Third Avenue, Suite 500, New York, NY 10017, United States of America
| | - Molly Bobek
- Partnership to End Addiction, 711 Third Avenue, Suite 500, New York, NY 10017, United States of America
| | - Mari Watkins
- Partnership to End Addiction, 711 Third Avenue, Suite 500, New York, NY 10017, United States of America
| | - Kevin Ambrose
- Partnership to End Addiction, 711 Third Avenue, Suite 500, New York, NY 10017, United States of America
| | - Aaron Hogue
- Partnership to End Addiction, 711 Third Avenue, Suite 500, New York, NY 10017, United States of America
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De Meyer F, Zerrouk A, De Ruysscher C, Vanderplasschen W. Exploring indicators of natural recovery from alcohol and drug use problems: findings from the life in recovery survey in Flanders. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2024; 19:22. [PMID: 38610049 PMCID: PMC11015601 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-024-00604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research has established natural recovery (NR) as an important pathway to substance use recovery. Studies investigating correlates of NR have mainly focused on demographic and substance use variables rather than life circumstances. This study seeks to better understand the phenomenon of natural recovery by (i) validating the international scientific literature concerning demographic and substance use indicators of NR in Flanders and (ii) assessing the additional explanatory power of recovery strengths and barriers during active addiction, controlling for demographic and substance use covariates. METHODS A total of 343 persons in recovery from alcohol or drug use problems (≥ 3 months) completed an online cross-sectional survey in Flanders. Participants in NR and in recovery after following treatment were compared using multivariate linear regression models. Reasons for not following treatment were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Higher education level, lower severity of dependence, and cannabis use as the main problem substance (vs. alcohol) were statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlates of NR. When scores for the number of barriers and strengths associated with active addiction were added, barriers (but not strengths) were significantly associated with NR. When barrier items were individually tested, having untreated emotional or mental health problems, having a driver's license revoked and damaging property were statistically significant correlates. The most reported reason for not entering treatment was not experiencing any need to do so. CONCLUSION The results highlight the importance of a holistic approach to recovery support across multiple life domains. Limitations and opportunities for further research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian De Meyer
- Department of Special Needs Education, Ghent University, Henri-Dunantlaan 1, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.
| | - Amine Zerrouk
- Department of Special Needs Education, Ghent University, Henri-Dunantlaan 1, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Clara De Ruysscher
- Department of Special Needs Education, Ghent University, Henri-Dunantlaan 1, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Wouter Vanderplasschen
- Department of Special Needs Education, Ghent University, Henri-Dunantlaan 1, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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Gallardo KR, Wilkerson JM, Stewart HLN, Zoschke IN, Fredriksen Isaacs C, McCurdy SA. "Being here is saving my life": Resident experiences of living in recovery residences for people taking medication for an opioid use disorder. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION TREATMENT 2024; 158:209242. [PMID: 38061632 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are an effective treatment for addressing opioid use disorder. Despite MOUD's demonstrated effectiveness, MOUD-related stigma is prevalent throughout many recovery communities and subsequently limits persons taking MOUD access to recovery supports, including recovery housing. While recovery residences that serve people taking MOUD could be a critical recovery support, they are limited in number and understudied. METHODS We conducted in-depth interviews with 47 residents in medication-assisted recovery (MAR) living in 11 Texas-based recovery residences serving people taking MOUD to characterize residents' experiences and understand the impact that these homes had on their recovery. RESULTS We found that many participants could not previously access recovery housing and other recovery supports due to MOUD-related stigma, thus recovery homes that supported people in MAR were considered a groundbreaking opportunity. Recovery residences provided participants with a space in which they did not feel judged for taking MOUD, which facilitated participants' connections with their fellow housemates. Subsequently, participants no longer had to hide their MAR pathway and could be transparent about taking MOUD among their recovery residence community. Last, recovery homes provided a supportive environment in which participants' internalized MOUD-related stigma could evolve into acceptance of their MAR pathway. CONCLUSIONS Recovery residences that serve people in MAR provide a supportive, safe, nonjudgmental recovery environment in which residents develop relationships with other peers taking MOUD, share openly about their MAR, and are empowered to embrace their recovery pathway. These findings highlight the need for more recovery residences that are supportive of people taking MOUD as part of their recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Gallardo
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, United States of America.
| | - J Michael Wilkerson
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Hannah L N Stewart
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - I Niles Zoschke
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Cameron Fredriksen Isaacs
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Sheryl A McCurdy
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, United States of America
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Glynos NG, Aday JS, Kruger D, Boehnke KF, Lake S, Lucas P. Psychedelic substitution: altered substance use patterns following psychedelic use in a global survey. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1349565. [PMID: 38455520 PMCID: PMC10917882 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1349565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent research suggests that psychedelics may have potential for the treatment of various substance use disorders. However, most studies to date have been limited by small sample sizes and neglecting to include non-North American and European populations. Methods We conducted a global, cross-sectional online survey of adults (n = 5,268, 47.2% women) self-reporting past or current psychedelic use and investigated whether psychedelic use was associated with changes in use of other substances. Results Nearly three-quarters (70.9%; n = 3,737/5,268) reported ceasing or decreasing use of one or more non-psychedelic substances after naturalistic psychedelic use. Among those with previous use, 60.6% (n = 2,634/4,344) decreased alcohol use, 55.7% (n = 1,223/2,197) decreased antidepressant use, and 54.2% (n = 767/1,415) decreased use of cocaine/crack. Over a quarter of the sample indicated that their decrease in substance use persisted for 26 weeks or more following use of a psychedelic. Factors associated with decreased use included a motivation to either decrease one's substance use or self-treat a medical condition. Importantly, 19.8% of respondents also reported increased or initiated use of one or more other substances after psychedelic use, with illicit opioids (14.7%; n = 86/584) and cannabis (13.3%; n = 540/4,064) having the highest proportions. Factors associated with increased substance use included having a higher income and residing in Canada or the US. Discussion Although limited by cross-sectional study design, this large observational study will help inform future studies aiming to investigate the relationship between substance use patterns and psychedelic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas G. Glynos
- Anesthesiology Department, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Abor, MI, United States
- Michigan Psychedelic Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jacob S. Aday
- Anesthesiology Department, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Abor, MI, United States
- Michigan Psychedelic Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Daniel Kruger
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Kevin F. Boehnke
- Anesthesiology Department, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Abor, MI, United States
- Michigan Psychedelic Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Stephanie Lake
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Center for Cannabis and Cannabinoids, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Bahl NKH, Nafstad HE, Blakar RM, Øversveen E, Brodahl M, Ness O, Prilleltensky I. How older adults recovering from substance use problems experience mattering. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1453. [PMID: 38129831 PMCID: PMC10740266 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Mattering (to feel valued and add value to self and others) is a fundamental human experience and mechanism in recovery. In this paper, we concern ourselves with the recovery of older adults with substance problems. This population is on the rise in many Western countries. To offer mattering enhancing programs for this group, more knowledge about later life mattering in service-assisted recovery processes is needed. This study aims to explore experiences of mattering in older adults receiving services to recover from substance use problems. METHODS A collaborative and deductive reflexive thematic approach was applied in analysing 23 interviews with participants using substance use services. Participants were recovering from different substance use problems: alcohol, medication and illegal substances. The participants were recruited from three different Norwegian social contexts: two urban and one medium size municipality. The age of the sample ranged from 65-80 years, with approximately equal numbers for those aged 60-69 (12 participants) and 70-80 (11 participants). Seven participants were women and 16 men. RESULTS Three main themes were identified in the analysis: "relational experiences of mattering and not mattering", "service-related experiences of mattering and not mattering" and "recovery and psychological sense of community as interrelated phenomena to experiences of mattering". The findings illustrate various nuanced experiences of mattering and not mattering in later life recovery processes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the participants' mattering experiences rested on fair, healthy and positive community relationships and fair and attentive services, where participants could feel valued and also have a chance to add value to others. Experiences of not mattering were precipitated by lack of support, disrespect, devaluation and loss of relationships, and also by being ignored and not receiving fair treatment and help by professionals. Importantly, reciprocal and enhancing relations between mattering, recovery and relational PSOC seem to exist and to be significant for the older adults' access to substance use services. Several practical implications are suggested to promote the therapeutic and preventive potentials of later life mattering in recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kavita Heggen Bahl
- Department of Research and Development, Clinic of Substance Use and Addiction Medicine, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Klostergata 48, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Hilde Eileen Nafstad
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Forskningsveien 3A, 0373, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolv Mikkel Blakar
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Forskningsveien 3A, 0373, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emil Øversveen
- Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Morten Brodahl
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit On Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Mental Health Division, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Divisjon Psykisk Helsevern, 2381, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Ottar Ness
- Department of Education and Lifelong Learning, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Isaac Prilleltensky
- School of Education and Human Development, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
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Bormann NL, Weber AN, Miskle B, Arndt S, Lynch AC. Sex Differences in Recovery Capital Gains Post-Incarceration. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:1839-1846. [PMID: 37702512 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2257303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with substance use disorders are highly prevalent in the carceral system. Recovery capital (RC) is the resources available to an individual to initiate or maintain substance use cessation. Sex differences have been identified in RC during both active substance use and recovery in the general population, however, less is known about these sex differences in the post-incarceration population. METHODS Participants (n = 136) were those with an opioid or stimulant use disorder with past year involvement with the Iowa criminal justice system (USA), who completed the Assessment of Recovery Capital (ARC) twice over a six-month cohort study. Participants were involved in an addiction clinic that utilized active case management. Analysis of covariance evaluated changes in ARC during the study. Separate models compared total ARC and individual ARC domains, with sex as the independent variable of interest. Model means were generated for interpretation based on sex, comparing baseline and study endpoint ARC scores. RESULTS There were no baseline sex differences in total ARC. ARC increased significantly for the group, however, males showed disproportionate growth. Females ended the study with a mean ARC of 37.8 (SD= 9.3) and males finished at 41.6 (SD= 9.3), which was a significant difference (p = 0.044); this significant difference was driven by ARC subdomains of 'Psychological Health' and 'Physical Health.' CONCLUSIONS People post-incarceration are at high risk for return to substance use. Treatment that is informed by sex-based differences may have the potential to decrease the differing rates of growth in RC between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea N Weber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Benjamin Miskle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Stephan Arndt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alison C Lynch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Bunaciu A, Bliuc AM, Best D, Hennessy EA, Belanger M, Benwell C. Measuring recovery capital for people recovering from alcohol and drug addiction: A systematic review. ADDICTION RESEARCH & THEORY 2023; 32:225-236. [PMID: 39045096 PMCID: PMC11262562 DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2023.2245323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Recovery capital theory provides a biopsychosocial framework for identifying and measuring strengths and barriers that can be targeted to support recovery from alcohol and drug addiction. This systematic review analyzed and synthesized all quantitative approaches that have measured recovery capital since 2016. Method Three databases were searched to identify studies published from 2016 to 2023. Eligible studies explicitly stated they measured recovery capital in participants recovering from alcohol and/or drug addiction. Studies focusing on other forms of addiction were excluded. Results Sixty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Forty-six studies used one of the ten identified recovery capital questionnaires, and twenty-five studies used a measurement approach other than one of the ten recovery capital questionnaires. The ten recovery capital questionnaires are primarily developed for adult populations across clinical and community recovery settings, and between them measure 41 separate recovery capital constructs. They are generally considered valid and reliable measures of recovery capital. Nevertheless, a strong evidence base on the psychometric properties across diverse populations and settings still needs to be established for these questionnaires. Conclusion The development of recovery capital questionnaires has been a significant advance in the field of addiction recovery, in alignment with the emerging recovery-oriented approach to addiction recovery care. Additionally, the non-recovery capital questionnaire-based approaches to recovery capital measurement have an important place in the field. They could be used alongside recovery capital questionnaires to test theory, and in contexts where the application of the questionnaires is not feasible, such as analyses of data from online recovery forums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Bunaciu
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Social Science and Law, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ana-Maria Bliuc
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Social Science and Law, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - David Best
- Centre for Addiction Recovery Research, Leeds Trinity University
| | - Emily A. Hennessy
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, United States
| | - Matthew Belanger
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Social Science and Law, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Benwell
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Social Science and Law, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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McCurdy LY, Loya JM, Hart-Derrick VR, Young GC, Kiluk BD, Potenza MN. Smartphone Apps for Problem Gambling: A Review of Content and Quality. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2023; 10:178-186. [PMID: 38463534 PMCID: PMC10919356 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-023-00479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of review Problem gambling can have profound consequences for affected individuals, yet only a small proportion of people with problem gambling seek treatment. Mobile phone applications (apps) may provide an effective and scalable therapeutic option. The purpose of this study was to evaluate publicly available mobile apps aimed at improving problematic gambling behavior. Recent findings To date, there are no published studies that have evaluated the quality of publicly available smartphone apps for problem gambling in the US. There is thus a significant gap in knowledge of existing apps for addressing problem gambling. Summary This study included a review of 14 problem-gambling-specific apps. Apps that incorporated cognitive-behavioral therapy concepts and in-app communities were associated with better aesthetics and information quality scores. Additionally, in-app communities were associated with better engagement scores. Our results highlight the importance of evidence-based and engaging features in apps designed to help people with problem gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan McCurdy
- Division of Prevention and Community Research, Yale
University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jennifer M Loya
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | | | - Griffin C Young
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University School
of Engineering, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Brian D Kiluk
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- The Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield,
CT 06109, USA
- The Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519,
USA
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Athamneh LN, King MJ, Craft WH, Freitas-Lemos R, Tomlinson DC, Yeh YH, Bickel WK. The Associations between Remission Status, Discounting Rates, and Recovery from Substance Use Disorders. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:275-282. [PMID: 36622296 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2161312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Recovery from substance use disorders (SUDs) requires sustained and purposeful support to maintain long-term remission. Methods: This study investigated the association between assessment of recovery capital, household chaos, delay discounting (DD) and probability discounting (PD), and remission status among individuals in recovery from SUD. Data from 281 participants from the International Quit & Recovery Registry (IQRR), an ongoing online registry that aims to study the recovery process, were included in the analysis. Results: Lower DD rates and higher recovery capital were found among those in remission compared to those not in remission after controlling for demographics. In contrast, the association of household chaos and PD with remission status were insignificant. Overall, DD accounted for 20% of the total effect between the recovery capital and the remission status. Conclusion: This study contributes to the understanding of recovery as a multidimensional process, supports DD as a behavioral marker of addiction, and suggests areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqa N Athamneh
- Addiction Recovery Research Center, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Center for Transformative Research on Health Behaviors, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Michele J King
- Addiction Recovery Research Center, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Center for Transformative Research on Health Behaviors, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - William H Craft
- Addiction Recovery Research Center, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Center for Transformative Research on Health Behaviors, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Roberta Freitas-Lemos
- Addiction Recovery Research Center, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Center for Transformative Research on Health Behaviors, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Devin C Tomlinson
- Addiction Recovery Research Center, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Center for Transformative Research on Health Behaviors, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Yeh
- Addiction Recovery Research Center, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Center for Transformative Research on Health Behaviors, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Warren K Bickel
- Addiction Recovery Research Center, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Center for Transformative Research on Health Behaviors, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
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Individual Paths to Recovery from Substance Use Disorder (SUD): What Are the Implications of the Emerging Recovery Evidence Base for Addiction Psychiatry and Practice? Psychiatr Clin North Am 2022; 45:547-556. [PMID: 36055738 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the research base around 12-step effectiveness has been grown markedly in recent years, there has also been growth in the broader evidence base around recovery models, and this article reviews three key components: the transition to a social model of recovery; the emergence of a metric of recovery progress, recovery capital focused on building strengths; and multiple pathways to recovery, involving mutual aid groups, recovery community organizations, and access to jobs, friends, and housing. We conclude with an overview of the practical implications for addiction treatment and sustaining the gains made in specialist treatment services.
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11
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Addiction and Recovery in Dutch Governmental and Practice-Level Drug Policy: What’s the Problem Represented to be? JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00220426221087590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Around 2009, ‘recovery’ was introduced in the Netherlands as a new approach to drug addiction and addiction services. Recovery is now featured in practice-level policy but is absent in governmental drug policy. To investigate whether the Dutch recovery vision is coherent with governmental drug policy, we apply Bacchi’s What’s the problem represented to be? approach to analyse problematizations of ‘drug addiction’. We analysed two influential practice-level policy documents and one governmental drug policy document. We found that governmental policy addresses the harms and public nuisance of drug addiction, whilst practice-level policy addresses the wellbeing of persons with addiction. Despite these different starting points, the Dutch recovery vision seems coherent with both problematizations. Its adoption in the Netherlands was less subject to political debate compared to other countries. This may be a result of recovery being driven by bottom-up efforts without government intervention, leading to constructive ambiguity between government- and practice-level policies.
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Abreu Minero V, Best D, Brown L, Patton D, Vanderplasschen W. Differences in addiction and recovery gains according to gender - gender barriers and specific differences in overall strengths growth. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2022; 17:21. [PMID: 35287696 PMCID: PMC8919581 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-022-00444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence on the importance of a gendered understanding of recovery. Gender differences have been reported in relation to the nature and extent of substance use, pathways to and through substance use disorder and recovery capital acquisition and maintenance. There is little existing research on factors associated with recovery capital growth by gender. METHODS The current paper uses the European Life in Recovery database to assess specific domains of the Strengths and Barriers Recovery Scale (SABRS) that best predict growth of recovery capital amongst people in recovery from drug addiction. The 1313 participants were drawn from the REC-PATH study and recruited by the Recovery Users Network (RUN) from across Europe. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify relationships between specific SABRS items and gender, as well as differences in the dimensions of the SABRS scale most likely to predict recovery capital growth by gender. RESULTS Between their time in active addiction and in recovery, females show greater growth in strengths, despite females reporting fewer recovery strengths during active addiction than males, and males have greater reductions in barriers to recovery compared to females. Multivariate analyses show that strengths specifically related to prosocial meaningful activities are found to be highly significant for growth of recovery capital amongst males, whereas strengths related to both prosocial meaningful activities and general health management seem particularly relevant for growth of recovery capital amongst females. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that this further demonstration of gender differences in recovery pathways should suggest gender-specific approaches adopted in recovery community organisations to address these different needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Abreu Minero
- Department of Criminology, College of Business, Law and Social Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK.
| | - David Best
- Department of Criminology, College of Business, Law and Social Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Lorna Brown
- Department of Criminology, College of Business, Law and Social Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - David Patton
- Department of Criminology, College of Business, Law and Social Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Wouter Vanderplasschen
- Recovery and Addiction Cluster, Department of Special Needs Education, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Meulewaeter F, De Schauwer E, De Pauw SSW, Vanderplasschen W. "I Grew Up Amidst Alcohol and Drugs:" a Qualitative Study on the Lived Experiences of Parental Substance Use Among Adults Who Developed Substance Use Disorders Themselves. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:768802. [PMID: 35185647 PMCID: PMC8847438 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.768802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiencing parental substance use (PSU) has been associated with a heightened risk of developing substance use disorders (SUDs) in offspring. The primary goal of this study was to explore perspectives of adult children with lived experience of PSU who also developed SUDs themselves through first-hand experience. This study was conducted in Flanders (Belgium). A qualitative exploratory research design was applied. Seventeen semi-structured interviews were conducted with adult children of parents with SUDs (range: 29-48 years) who themselves had developed SUDs. All interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Three overarching themes emerged through thematic analysis: 1) loneliness and neglect in childhood; 2) stigma and the self; and 3) the role of social connection in substance use and recovery. The narratives highlighted the central role of feelings of loneliness, isolation and belonging among children of parents with SUDs in childhood and adulthood. Increasing public awareness on the impact of PSU on children and accessible support is needed to overcome stigma and remove barriers to social inclusion for children of parents with SUDs. Findings may prove valuable in informing policy, program and treatment development aimed at breaking maladaptive intergenerational cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florien Meulewaeter
- Department of Special Needs Education, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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