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Ruini C, Vescovelli F, Cesarano VP, De Angelis G, De Marco E, De Marco EL, Galeazzi GM, Pira GL, Pingani L, Limone P. Utilizing digital technologies to promote well-being in university students: the 'DigiWell' research protocol. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1397870. [PMID: 39301005 PMCID: PMC11410581 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1397870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the well-being of university students, particularly those in healthcare and medical programs. Psychological interventions rooted in positive psychology have proven effective in enhancing mental health, with online and digital delivery methods proving to be equally viable. This study aims to enhance mental health among Italian university students through digital interventions, including virtual reality, utilizing a stepped care approach. Specific objectives include implementing online positive interventions for students experiencing mild distress (DigiWell_Step 1), evaluating a Virtual-Reality intervention for moderate distress (DigiWell_Step 2), and identifying students experiencing high distress or optimal well-being. Cluster analyses and linear models will assess intervention outcomes. It is anticipated that students undergoing these steps will experience significant improvements in well-being and distress reduction, with sustained benefits at a three-month follow-up. This research contributes to understanding the efficacy of mental health interventions for university students, leveraging digital technologies to enhance accessibility and user engagement. The integration of digital technologies enhances the cost-effectiveness and engagement of interventions delivered through a stepped care approach tailored to the targeted population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ruini
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | | | | | - Grazia De Angelis
- Department of Psychology and Education, Pegaso University, Naples, Italy
| | - Erika De Marco
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Gian Maria Galeazzi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Integrated Activities in Mental Health - Pathological Addictions, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Li Pira
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Pingani
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Integrated Activities in Mental Health - Pathological Addictions, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Limone
- Department of Psychology and Education, Pegaso University, Naples, Italy
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Windal M, Roland A, Laeremans M, Briganti G, Kornreich C, Mairesse O. Chronotype Differences and Symptom Network Dynamics of Post-Pandemic Sleep in Adolescents and Young Adults. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5020. [PMID: 39274233 PMCID: PMC11395810 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13175020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Social restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in altered sleep patterns and mental health challenges, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Our objective was to examine the potential difference in insomnia prevalence and sleep patterns in this population between the first COVID-19 lockdown and the post-lockdown period, with a focus on chronotype. Additionally, we explored the network of sleep-related differences between these two periods. Methods: A total of 946 respondents participated in our online questionnaire. We performed mixed ANOVA, Ising network and Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) analyses. Results: Respondents reported going to bed earlier, waking up earlier, sleeping less, and feeling less mentally tired than during the lockdown. The severity of insomnia symptoms did not change. The lethargic chronotype reported more insomnia symptoms, depressive feelings, and agitation than others. Mental fatigue was the central symptom in the Ising network and served as the parent node in the DAG. Conclusions: Post-lockdown, adolescents and young adults have shifted to earlier sleep and wake times with reduced overall sleep, and they experience fewer depressive feelings and less agitation, though insomnia symptoms remain unchanged. Participants who reported increased irritability or poorer sleep quality during confinement also reported similar or diminished attentional capacities compared to their usual levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Windal
- Faculty of Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Brain, Body and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aurore Roland
- Brain, Body and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels University Consultation Center, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Giovanni Briganti
- Chair of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Medicine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et Addictologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Charles Kornreich
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et Addictologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, 1020 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Mairesse
- Brain, Body and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels University Consultation Center, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, 1020 Brussels, Belgium
- Vital Signs and PERformance Monitoring (VIPER), LIFE Department, Royal Military Academy, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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Celia G, Serio G, Trotta E, Tessitore F, Cozzolino M. Psychological wellbeing of Italian students and clinical assessment tools at university counseling services during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1388419. [PMID: 39193027 PMCID: PMC11347296 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1388419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic brought about unprecedented problems for contemporary society. Among the numerous challenges faced following the spread of the virus, the need to provide assessment tools and remote psychological assistance certainly deserves particular attention. Indeed, this profound paradigm shift in psychological assessment and care occurred during a period of fragility for people already suffering from the restrictions imposed to stem the spread of the virus. One population particularly affected by the pandemic was students, including university students. The latter faced the pandemic in a particularly critical formative period. Methods For these reasons, our systematic review has two main objectives: (i) identify the assessment tools and psychological dimensions most used/investigated during the pandemic in Italian university students; (ii) systematize and deepen our knowledge about the impact of the pandemic on the psychological wellbeing of Italian university students. Our search used PRISMA 2020 guidelines on Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, and EBSCOHost. Results The results indicated that the psychological dimensions most investigated in university students during the pandemic were anxiety and depression. At the same time, the most used assessment instruments were the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Furthermore, it is clear from the results that the pandemic has harmed the psychological wellbeing of university students. Finally, we dedicated a section to discuss the interventions implemented by university counseling services during the pandemic. Discussion This review could improve the work of university counseling services in this post-pandemic period and contribute to developing specific screening and assessment programs for future emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Celia
- Department of Humanities, Literature and Cultural Heritage, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Serio
- Department of Humanities, Literature and Cultural Heritage, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Eugenio Trotta
- Department of Humanities, Literature and Cultural Heritage, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Tessitore
- Department of Humanities, Philosophy and Education, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mauro Cozzolino
- Department of Humanities, Philosophy and Education, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Farrer LM, Jackson HM, Gulliver A, Calear AL, Leach L, Hasking P, Katruss N, Batterham PJ. A Transdiagnostic Video-Based Internet Intervention (Uni Virtual Clinic-Lite) to Improve the Mental Health of University Students: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e53598. [PMID: 39137012 DOI: 10.2196/53598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of digital interventions for improving the mental health of university students. However, low rates of engagement with these interventions are an ongoing challenge and can compromise effectiveness. Brief, transdiagnostic, web-based video interventions are capable of targeting key mental health and related issues affecting university students and may be more engaging and accessible for this population. OBJECTIVE This study used a 2-arm randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Uni Virtual Clinic-Lite (UVC-Lite), a fully automated, transdiagnostic, web-based video intervention, relative to an attention-control condition. The primary outcomes were symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety disorder. The secondary outcomes included psychological distress, social anxiety symptoms, body appreciation, quality of life, well-being, functioning, general self-efficacy, academic self-efficacy, and help seeking. Program use (intervention uptake and engagement) and satisfaction were also assessed. METHODS University students (n=487) with mild to moderate symptoms of distress were recruited from universities across Australia and randomly allocated to receive access to the UVC-Lite intervention or an attention-control condition targeting general health for a period of 6 weeks. UVC-Lite includes 12 modules, each comprising a brief animated video and an accompanying exercise. Of the 12 modules, 7 also included a brief symptom screening quiz. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, postintervention, and 3- and 6-months postintervention. RESULTS The primary and secondary outcomes were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis using mixed models repeated measures ANOVA. The intervention was not found to be effective relative to the control condition on any of the primary or secondary outcomes. While 67.9% (114/168) of participants accessed at least 1 module of the intervention, module completion was extremely low. Subgroup analyses among those who engaged with the program (completed at least 1 video) and those with higher baseline distress (Distress Questionnaire-5 score ≥15) did not reveal any differences between the conditions over time. However, uptake (accessing at least 1 video) and engagement (completing at least 1 video) were higher among those with higher baseline symptoms. Satisfaction with the intervention was high. CONCLUSIONS The UVC-Lite intervention was not effective relative to a control program, although it was associated with high satisfaction among students and was not associated with symptom deterioration. Given the challenges faced by universities in meeting demand for mental health services, flexible and accessible interventions such as UVC-Lite have the potential to assist students to manage symptoms of mental health problems. However, low uptake and engagement (particularly among students with lower levels of symptomatology) are significant challenges that require further attention. Future studies should examine the effectiveness of the intervention in a more highly symptomatic sample, as well as implementation pathways to optimize effective engagement with the intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12621000375853; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=380146.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Farrer
- Centre for Mental Health Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Hayley M Jackson
- Centre for Mental Health Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Amelia Gulliver
- Centre for Mental Health Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Liana Leach
- Department of Health Economics Wellbeing and Society, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Penelope Hasking
- Curtin enAble Institute and School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Curtin, Australia
| | - Natasha Katruss
- Centre for Mental Health Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Bersia M, Charrier L, Zanaga G, Gaspar T, Moreno-Maldonado C, Grimaldi P, Koumantakis E, Dalmasso P, Comoretto RI. Well-being among university students in the post-COVID-19 era: a cross-country survey. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18296. [PMID: 39112645 PMCID: PMC11306340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
University students have to handle crucial challenges for their future lives, such as succeeding in academic studies and finding attachment figures. These processes could potentially involve their well-being and mental health, with possible sociocultural differences based on the country of study. In order to explore such potential differences, a cross-sectional, multi-center survey was performed involving students from the University of Torino (Italy), Sevilla (Spain), and Lusòfona (Portugal). The survey, conducted from May to November 2023, investigated students' demographic and educational details, socioeconomic status, social support, mental health, academic environment, perceived COVID-19 pandemic impact, and future plans. Demographic profiles showed a predominance of female participants and straight sexual orientation, followed by bisexuality. Italian students showed the lowest levels of mental well-being and the highest rates of mental problems (anxiety and depression) and suicidal risk across the three countries despite the relatively similar profiles of social support. The prevalence of the students' confidence in their professional future is higher in Spain than in Italy and Portugal. This study provides a comprehensive examination of university students' mental health and well-being in three Southern European countries, addressing the major mental health challenges among university students and offering valuable insights for public health purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bersia
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - L Charrier
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - G Zanaga
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Post Graduate School of Medical Statistics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - T Gaspar
- HEI-LAB, Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Moreno-Maldonado
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Sevilla, C/Camilo José Cela, s/n., 41018, Seville, Spain
| | - P Grimaldi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Post Graduate School of Medical Statistics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - E Koumantakis
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Post Graduate School of Medical Statistics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - P Dalmasso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - R I Comoretto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
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Rahman MA, Das P, Lam L, Alif SM, Sultana F, Salehin M, Banik B, Joseph B, Parul P, Lewis A, Statham D, Porter J, Foster K, Islam SMS, Cross W, Jacob A, Hua S, Wang Q, Chair SY, Chien WT, Widati S, Nurmala I, Puspaningsih NNT, Hammoud M, Omar K, Halim MASA, Gamal-Eltrabily M, Ortiz G, Al Maskari TS, Al Alawi SSM, Al-Rahbi BS, Arulappan J, Ahmad A, Al Laham N, Mahmud I, Alasqah I, Noorbhai H, Chang SL, Chen YL, Comlekci MF, Basol O, Saddik B, Hayman R, Polman R. Health and wellbeing of staff working at higher education institutions globally during the post-COVID-19 pandemic period: evidence from a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1848. [PMID: 38992680 PMCID: PMC11238394 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ongoing global crisis of Higher Education (HE) institutions during the post-COVID-19 pandemic period has increased the likelihood of enduring psychological stressors for staff. This study aimed to identify factors associated with job insecurity, burnout, psychological distress and coping amongst staff working at HE institutions globally. METHODS An anonymous cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 with staff at HE institutions across 16 countries. Job insecurity was measured using the Job Insecurity Scale (JIS), burnout using the Perceived Burnout measure question, psychological distress using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), and coping using the Brief Resilient Coping Scale. Multivariable logistic regression with a stepwise variable selection method was used to identify associations. RESULTS A total of 2,353 staff participated; the mean age (± SD) was 43(± 10) years and 61% were females. Most staff (85%) did not feel job insecurity, one-third (29%) perceived burnout in their jobs, more than two-thirds (73%) experienced moderate to very high levels of psychological distress, and more than half (58%) exhibited medium to high resilient coping. Perceived job insecurity was associated with staff working part-time [Adjusted Odds Ratio 1.53 (95% Confidence Intervals 1.15-2.02)], having an academic appointment [2.45 (1.78-3.27)], having multiple co-morbidities [1.86 (1.41-2.48)], perceived burnout [1.99 (1.54-2.56)] and moderate to very high level of psychological distress [1.68 (1.18-2.39)]. Perceived burnout was associated with being female [1.35 (1.12-1.63)], having multiple co-morbidities [1.53 (1.20-1.97)], perceived job insecurity [1.99 (1.55-2.57)], and moderate to very high levels of psychological distress [3.23 (2.42-4.30)]. Staff with multiple co-morbidities [1.46 (1.11-1.92)], mental health issues [2.73 (1.79-4.15)], perceived job insecurity [1.61 (1.13-2.30)], and perceived burnout [3.22 (2.41-4.31)] were associated with moderate to very high levels of psychological distress. Staff who perceived their mental health as good to excellent [3.36 (2.69-4.19)] were more likely to have medium to high resilient coping. CONCLUSIONS Factors identified in this study should be considered in reviewing and updating current support strategies for staff at HE institutions across all countries to reduce stress and burnout and improve wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aziz Rahman
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, 3806, Australia.
- Collaborative Evaluation and Research Centre (CERC), Federation University Australia, Churchill, Australia.
| | - Pritimoy Das
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, 3806, Australia
- Collaborative Evaluation and Research Centre (CERC), Federation University Australia, Churchill, Australia
| | - Louisa Lam
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sheikh M Alif
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, 3806, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Masudus Salehin
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, 3806, Australia
- Collaborative Evaluation and Research Centre (CERC), Federation University Australia, Churchill, Australia
| | - Biswajit Banik
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, 3806, Australia
| | - Bindu Joseph
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, 3806, Australia
- Collaborative Evaluation and Research Centre (CERC), Federation University Australia, Churchill, Australia
| | - Parul Parul
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, 3806, Australia
- Collaborative Evaluation and Research Centre (CERC), Federation University Australia, Churchill, Australia
- School of Nursing, Institute of Health & Management, North Melbourne, VIC, 3051, Australia
| | - Andrew Lewis
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, 3806, Australia
| | - Dixie Statham
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, 3806, Australia
| | - Joanne Porter
- Collaborative Evaluation and Research Centre (CERC), Federation University Australia, Churchill, Australia
| | - Kim Foster
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Wendy Cross
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, 3806, Australia
| | - Alycia Jacob
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan Hua
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Qun Wang
- School of Nursing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sek Ying Chair
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sri Widati
- Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Majeda Hammoud
- Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Khatijah Omar
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity & Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Georgina Ortiz
- División de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nahed Al Laham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Al Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | - Ilias Mahmud
- School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
- BRAC James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ibrahim Alasqah
- School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
- Department of Community, Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Habib Noorbhai
- BEAHT Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Oguz Basol
- Kirklareli University, Kirklareli, Turkey
| | - Basema Saddik
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Kennington, Australia
| | - Rick Hayman
- Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Remco Polman
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, 3806, Australia
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7
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Cassaretto M, Espinosa A, Chau C. Effects of resilience, social support, and academic self-efficacy, on mental health among Peruvian university students during the pandemic: the mediating role of digital inclusion. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1282281. [PMID: 39040968 PMCID: PMC11262053 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1282281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health of university students has been impacted during the pandemic, highlighting the importance of understanding its psychosocial determinants. Nevertheless, there has been limited exploration into whether the digital inclusion conditions for remote education could mediate the effects that variables such as resilience, social support, and academic self-efficacy may have on mental health. Considering the above, there is evidence that shows a consistent relationship between resilience, social support and academic self-efficacy on mental health, to the extent that these are psychological variables. On the other hand, digital inclusion, which comprehends a contextual variable, not a psychological one, related to ICT access opportunities and mainly focused on the quality of Internet access, should be analyzed in a differential manner. Objectives This study seeks to analyze the effect of resilience, social support and academic self-efficacy, on the mental health of a group of Peruvian university students; in addition, it seeks to analyze the mediating role of digital inclusion. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 3,147 undergraduate students from a private university in Lima, Perú. From August to October 2020, data were collected online through questionnaire, this include The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21), The 10-item version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC10), The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (EMASP), The Perceived Self-Efficacy Specific for Academic Situations Scale (EAPESA) and to measure digital inclusion, the Perceived Quality of Internet Access reported by the students. The levels of participants' anxiety, depression and stress were described using frequency and percentage. Pearson Correlation test was used to measure the correlation between the variables and a Path analysis was conducted. Finally, The PROCESS macro for SPSS (Model 4) was applied to examine the mediating effect of the model controlling gender variable. Results The results revealed significant levels of extremely severe symptoms of anxiety (36.8%), depression (33.4%) and stress (18.1%) among the participants. A path analysis, which indicated that resilience (β = -0.346), social support (β = -0.189), academic self-efficacy (β = -0.060) and digital inclusion (β = -0.089) had significant impact on students' General Distress. In addition, digital inclusion plays a partial mediation role with low but significant effect size in the relationship between resilience, social support and self-efficacy with mental health. Conclusion Mental health of university students during the pandemic shows alarming levels of general or emotional distress. The findings indicate that resilience, social support and self-efficacy protect college students' mental health by reducing general distress. However, the study shows that when there is a digital divide around internet quality the impact of these factors is affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Cassaretto
- Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
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8
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Moreno-Martos D, Zhao J, Li H, Nyberg F, Bjørndal LD, Hajiebrahimi M, Wettermark B, Aakjær M, Andersen M, Sessa M, Lupattelli A, Nordeng H, Morales DR. Impact of the early COVID-19 pandemic on adult mental health-related dispensed medications, hospitalizations and specialist outpatient visits in Norway and Sweden: Interrupted time series analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 90:1627-1636. [PMID: 38555909 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.16044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Norway and Sweden had different early pandemic responses that may have impacted mental health management. The aim was to assess the impact of the early COVID-19 pandemic on mental health-related care. METHODS We used national registries in Norway and Sweden (1 January 2018-31 December 2020) to define 2 cohorts: (i) general adult population; and (ii) mental health adult population. Interrupted times series regression analyses evaluated step and slope changes compared to prepandemic levels for monthly rates of medications (antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics/sedatives, lithium, opioid analgesics, psychostimulants), hospitalizations (for anxiety, bipolar, depressive/mood, eating and schizophrenia/delusional disorders) and specialist outpatient visits. RESULTS In Norway, immediate reductions occurred in the general population for medications (-12% antidepressants to -7% hypnotics/sedatives) except for antipsychotics; and hospitalizations (-33% anxiety disorders to -17% bipolar disorders). Increasing slope change occurred for all medications except psychostimulants (+1.1%/month hypnotics/sedatives to +1.7%/month antidepressants); and hospitalization for anxiety disorders (+5.5%/month), depressive/mood disorders (+1.7%/month) and schizophrenia/delusional disorders (+2%/month). In Sweden, immediate reductions occurred for antidepressants (-7%) and opioids (-10%) and depressive/mood disorder hospitalizations (-11%) only with increasing slope change in psychostimulant prescribing of (0.9%/month). In contrast to Norway, increasing slope changes occurred in specialist outpatient visits for depressive/mood disorders, eating disorders and schizophrenia/delusional disorders (+1.5, +1.9 and +2.3%/month, respectively). Similar changes occurred in the pre-existing mental health cohorts. CONCLUSION Differences in early COVID-19 policy response may have contributed to differences in adult mental healthcare provision in Norway and Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Moreno-Martos
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jing Zhao
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Huiqi Li
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Nyberg
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ludvig Daae Bjørndal
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Björn Wettermark
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacoepidemiology & Social Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Pharmacy Center, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mia Aakjær
- Pharmacovigilance Research Center, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Andersen
- Pharmacovigilance Research Center, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maurizio Sessa
- Pharmacovigilance Research Center, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Angela Lupattelli
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hedvig Nordeng
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel R Morales
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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9
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Magorokosho NK, Heraclides A, Papaleontiou-Louca E, Prodromou M. Evaluation of Resilience and Mental Health in the "Post-Pandemic Era" among University Students: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:825. [PMID: 39063402 PMCID: PMC11276453 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21070825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mental well-being of university students has been a growing concern in Public Health and has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic (including the post-pandemic era) introduced and exacerbated a variety of potential stressors for vulnerable individuals and communities, resulting in an increase in mental health issues among university students. Resilience, as a process, is the ability of a system to adapt and grow in the face of adversity. This is a crucial aspect to consider when examining the coping of university students in critical situations such as COVID-19. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the association between resilience and mental health outcomes among university students in Cyprus during the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. METHODS A parallel embedded mixed methods research design will be utilized to assess resilience, measured by the Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the COVID-19 Impact Scale (CIS) and mental health outcomes measured by the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL 90-R), during the COVID-19 post-pandemic era (January 2022-July 2024) among university students in the Republic of Cyprus. The study will be conducted in two stages: a pilot study followed by the main study. Quantitative data will be collected through a web-based survey, while qualitative data will be obtained through in-person focus groups designed to capture participants' experiences. Participants will be recruited using a proportional quota sampling approach to achieve representativeness based on predefined demographics. The study protocol has been approved by the Cyprus Bioethics Committee (approval no: EEC/EP/2023/31). DISCUSSION This study is expected to broaden our understanding of the intricate interactions between the COVID-19 pandemic's impact, resilience, and mental health outcomes. The focus on university students' psychological wellbeing is consistent with the call by the WHO to focus on mental health (World Health Organization, 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eleonora Papaleontiou-Louca
- School of Humanities, Social & Education Sciences (Psychology), European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
| | - Maria Prodromou
- School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
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10
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Boling KS, Habecker P, Kirkpatrick CE, Hample J, Subramanian R, Schlosser A, Jones V. "Addiction is Not a Choice." #narcansaveslives: Collective Voice in Harm Reduction on TikTok. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38862396 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2366709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Using 100 videos posted to TikTok by harm reduction creators with the hashtags #narcansaveslives and #naloxonesaveslives, this study examines who is posting, what they are saying, and how they are explaining Narcan/naloxone to their followers. Incorporating the concept of reverse agenda setting, we examine how, through hashtags, TikTok creators can set the agenda for what is important to discuss in the harm reduction space. Findings demonstrate that harm reduction creators have developed a collective voice and created an affective public, attempting to educate others, shed stigma, and normalize the conversation around harm reduction. These creators are using TikTok to educate followers about the prevalence of opioid use, the availability of Narcan/naloxone, correcting misinformation, and discussing the reality of recovery. Echoing prior studies, this research illustrates how TikTok has become an essential resource for health questions, including opioid use. Practical implications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli S Boling
- College of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Nebraska - Lincoln
| | | | - Ciera E Kirkpatrick
- College of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Nebraska - Lincoln
| | - Jessica Hample
- Department of Communication, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nebraska - Kearney
| | - Roma Subramanian
- College of Communication, Fine Arts, and Media, University of Nebraska - Omaha
| | - Allison Schlosser
- Medical Anthropology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nebraska - Omaha
| | - Valerie Jones
- College of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Nebraska - Lincoln
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11
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Chen Y, Ye C, Lin Y, Ma Y, Zhang X, Wang J. Home Anxiety Assessment and Influencing Factors among Adolescent Athletes in Yantai City. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:628. [PMID: 38929208 PMCID: PMC11201604 DOI: 10.3390/children11060628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the prevalence of home-related anxiety among adolescent athletes during the novel coronavirus pandemic and to ascertain the factors influencing this anxiety. METHODS We employed cluster sampling to select 1150 adolescent athletes (aged 8-18 years) from six sports training schools in Yantai City, Shandong Province. Mental health status was assessed and recorded. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression were used to analyze the factors contributing to athletes' anxiety. RESULTS The survey revealed a COVID-19 infection rate of 38.23% (437 individuals) with an anxiety score of 40.98 ± 8.20 and an anxiety detection rate of 11.29% (129 individuals) during the COVID-19 epidemic. Female athletes exhibited a higher anxiety rate of 14.40% compared to 8.40% in male athletes. Multivariate analysis identified female gender as a risk factor for anxiety (OR = 1.64), while participation in aquatics emerged as a protective factor (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 1.08-2.48). Professional training duration exceeding three years increased anxiety risk (OR = 3.05, 95% CI: 1.67-5.58), as did not seeking help during difficulties (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.33-5.01). Interestingly, parental care was linked to increased anxiety risk (OR = 2.44, 95% CI 1.34-4.44), while care from friends was protective (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.36-1.01), which was possibly due to the pressure associated with parental expectations. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent athletes, particularly females and those with extended training durations, exhibit a heightened susceptibility to anxiety. This study also highlights that athletes who proactively seek assistance during challenging situations tend to experience lower anxiety levels. Additionally, a lack of COVID-19 infection and the involvement of concerned parents contribute to reduced anxiety among these young athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Chen
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Chunming Ye
- Yantai Sports Industry Development Service Center, Yantai 264003, China;
| | - Yang Lin
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yongjie Ma
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jiu Wang
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.M.)
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12
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Hochgraf AK, Fosco GM, Lanza ST. Comorbidity between body dissatisfaction and nicotine vaping among young adults in college: a daily diary study. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38713866 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2346354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to elucidate comorbidity between body dissatisfaction and nicotine vaping. Participants: Participants were 121 college students (M age = 20.51 years; 75.0% female; 75.2% White) who participated in a 14-day daily diary study. Methods: Logistic regression was used to test links between baseline trait body dissatisfaction and vaping frequency across 14 days. Multilevel logistic regression was used to test within-person, daily links between body dissatisfaction and nicotine vaping. Results: Each additional unit of trait body dissatisfaction increased the odds of frequent vaping by 33% (95% CI [1.00, 1.77]) and daily vaping by 54% (95% CI [1.10, 2.15]). Within-person, daily associations between body dissatisfaction and vaping were nonsignificant. Conclusions: Body dissatisfaction may increase college students' risk for engaging in frequent nicotine vaping. However, daily changes in body dissatisfaction may not predict same- or next-day vaping. College students with body dissatisfaction may benefit from nicotine interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Hochgraf
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gregory M Fosco
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephanie T Lanza
- The Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Brandão T, Martins I, Torres A, Remondes-Costa S. Effect of online Kundalini Yoga mental health of university students during Covid-19 pandemic: A randomized controlled trial. J Health Psychol 2024; 29:567-580. [PMID: 38230561 PMCID: PMC11075415 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231220710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
University students were at an increased risk for psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a randomized controlled trial, we examined the efficacy of an online Kundalini Yoga intervention on students' psychological functioning. Healthy university students (N = 106) were randomly assigned to a Kundalini Yoga group, an active control group, or a passive control group in a 1:1:1 ratio. The experimental group attended six Yoga sessions over 6 weeks and the active control group attended to six autogenic relaxation sessions over 6 weeks. All participants completed the study protocol, which involved answering questionnaires related to psychological distress, emotion regulation, self-compassion, self-concept, spiritual well-being, and subjective happiness at three different time points: baseline, at the end of the intervention, and at 1-month follow-up. Results showed that Yoga contributed to improving self-compassion, extrinsic affect improving, and personal and communal spiritual well-being, in comparison to the control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Brandão
- William James Center for Research Ispa—Instituto Universitário, Portugal
| | - Inês Martins
- Departamento de Educação e Psicologia, Escola de Ciências Humanas e Socias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - Ana Torres
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research of the Health Research Network (CINTESIS@RISE), Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia Remondes-Costa
- Departamento de Educação e Psicologia, Escola de Ciências Humanas e Socias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
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14
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Mendola M, Masi F, Castiglione R, Soriano A, Zazou S, Tonelli F, Carrer P. Mental Disorders Among Healthcare Students Attending a Large University Hospital in Milan, Italy. LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO 2024; 115:e2024009. [PMID: 38686578 PMCID: PMC11181219 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v115i2.15168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high incidence rates, treatment difficulties, and tendency to become chronic, which subsequently affects personal and occupational functioning, make mental health disorders among the most important public health concerns. In this context, healthcare university students (HS) appear to be more vulnerable to psychological distress than others. OBJECTIVE Investigate the prevalence of diagnosed mental illness among different groups of HS to detect students who may be psychologically vulnerable and determine whether the implementation of support interventions is necessary. METHODS All HS who had a clinical examination performed by an occupational physician at our occupational health unit between 2021 and 2022 were included in our case series. Data were collected and analyzed as part of the occupational physicians' health surveillance program. RESULTS out of 679 HS (507 females, 172 males, aged 22.2±3.9 mean±s.d) undergone clinical examination at our Occupational Health Unit, 36 (5.3%) reported a diagnosed psychiatric illness, and 20 were receiving pharmacological therapy at the time of the visit. A higher prevalence of psychological disorders has been highlighted in females (6.1% vs 2.9% in males) and students of the mental health sector (11.1%) when compared with others. A fit-to-work judgment with prescription was necessary for 16.7% of students with mental diseases. The presence of psychiatric disorders was associated with underweight (27.8%) and higher smoking habit (44.4%). CONCLUSIONS These results underline the necessity of improving the current health surveillance protocols, which should also evaluate students' psychological fragility and implement effective intervention strategies to promote their health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mendola
- Occupational Health Unit, Fatebenefratelli Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Masi
- School of Occupational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Soriano
- School of Occupational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Safi Zazou
- School of Occupational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Tonelli
- Occupational Health Unit, Fatebenefratelli Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Carrer
- Occupational Health Unit, Fatebenefratelli Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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15
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López Steinmetz LC, Sison M, Zhumagambetov R, Godoy JC, Haufe S. Machine learning models predict the emergence of depression in Argentinean college students during periods of COVID-19 quarantine. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1376784. [PMID: 38690202 PMCID: PMC11059062 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1376784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated mental health challenges, particularly depression among college students. Detecting at-risk students early is crucial but remains challenging, particularly in developing countries. Utilizing data-driven predictive models presents a viable solution to address this pressing need. Aims 1) To develop and compare machine learning (ML) models for predicting depression in Argentinean students during the pandemic. 2) To assess the performance of classification and regression models using appropriate metrics. 3) To identify key features driving depression prediction. Methods A longitudinal dataset (N = 1492 college students) captured T1 and T2 measurements during the Argentinean COVID-19 quarantine. ML models, including linear logistic regression classifiers/ridge regression (LogReg/RR), random forest classifiers/regressors, and support vector machines/regressors (SVM/SVR), are employed. Assessed features encompass depression and anxiety scores (at T1), mental disorder/suicidal behavior history, quarantine sub-period information, sex, and age. For classification, models' performance on test data is evaluated using Area Under the Precision-Recall Curve (AUPRC), Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve, Balanced Accuracy, F1 score, and Brier loss. For regression, R-squared (R2), Mean Absolute Error, and Mean Squared Error are assessed. Univariate analyses are conducted to assess the predictive strength of each individual feature with respect to the target variable. The performance of multi- vs univariate models is compared using the mean AUPRC score for classifiers and the R2 score for regressors. Results The highest performance is achieved by SVM and LogReg (e.g., AUPRC: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.81) and SVR and RR models (e.g., R2 for SVR and RR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.64 and 0.45, 0.63, respectively). Univariate models, particularly LogReg and SVM using depression (AUPRC: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.79) or anxiety scores (AUPRC: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.78) and RR using depression scores (R2: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.57) exhibit performance levels close to those of the multivariate models, which include all features. Discussion These findings highlight the relevance of pre-existing depression and anxiety conditions in predicting depression during quarantine, underscoring their comorbidity. ML models, particularly SVM/SVR and LogReg/RR, demonstrate potential in the timely detection of at-risk students. However, further studies are needed before clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Cecilia López Steinmetz
- Inverse Modeling and Machine Learning, Chair of Uncertainty, Institute of Software Engineering and Theoretical Computer Science, Faculty IV Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi), Facultad de Psicología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Margarita Sison
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (BCAN), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rustam Zhumagambetov
- Working Group 8.44 Machine Learning and Uncertainty, Mathematical Modelling and Data Analysis Department, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig und Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juan Carlos Godoy
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi), Facultad de Psicología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Stefan Haufe
- Inverse Modeling and Machine Learning, Chair of Uncertainty, Institute of Software Engineering and Theoretical Computer Science, Faculty IV Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (BCAN), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Working Group 8.44 Machine Learning and Uncertainty, Mathematical Modelling and Data Analysis Department, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig und Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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16
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de Pinho LG, Fonseca C, Gawęda Ł, Lopes M, Schneider BC. Editorial: Non-pharmacological interventions for mental disorders. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1363348. [PMID: 38586291 PMCID: PMC10995289 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1363348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Guedes de Pinho
- Nursing Department, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - César Fonseca
- Nursing Department, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Łukasz Gawęda
- Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Manuel Lopes
- Nursing Department, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Brooke C. Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Dong Y, Chen M, Wu Z, Zhang Z. Covid-19 psychological pressures, depression and FOMO: the mediating role of online social support and emotional regulation. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:116. [PMID: 38431605 PMCID: PMC10908053 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread of the coronavirus has led to significant anxiety among university students, resulting in various mental health problems that could potentially impact their academic performance. METHOD To examine the mediating role of emotional regulation and online social support in the relationships between COVID-19 psychological pressures, depression, and the fear of missing out (FoMO) among young adult university students, a cross-sectional research design was employed using an online survey. The sample consisted of 521 full-time university students from China, currently enrolled in undergraduate and postgraduate programs. RESULTS Findings revealed that more than half (55.09%, n=287) of the university students experienced COVID-19 psychological pressures. These pressures directly contributed to increased levels of depression (β = 0.339, p < .001) and fear of missing out (β = 0.236, p < .001). Moreover, online social support and emotional regulation exhibited partial mediating effects on the association between COVID-19 psychological pressures, depression, and the fear of missing out. The results indicated that COVID-19 psychological pressures were linked to higher levels of depressive symptoms and a greater fear of missing out among university students. CONCLUSIONS However, the provision of timely and adequate online social support, as well as the implementation of emotional regulation strategies, mitigated the negative effects of the pandemic on students' social and emotional well-being. Consequently, this led to reduced levels of depression and fear of missing out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Dong
- School of Education, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Min Chen
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zilin Zhang
- Historic Building Division, China Construction First Division Group Huajiang Construction Co., Ltd, Jingdezhen, 333099, Jiangxi, China
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18
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Chen Z, Xiong J, Ma H, Hu Y, Bai J, Wu H, Wang Y. Network analysis of depression and anxiety symptoms and their associations with mobile phone addiction among Chinese medical students during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. SSM Popul Health 2024; 25:101567. [PMID: 38524176 PMCID: PMC10958643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Network analysis provides a novel approach to discovering associations between mental disorders at the symptom level. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of the network of depression and anxiety symptoms and their associations with mobile phone addiction (MPA) among Chinese medical students during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 553 medical students were included. Depression and anxiety symptoms and MPA were measured by the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI), respectively. Central and bridge symptoms were identified with centrality indices and bridge centrality indices. Network stability was examined using the case-dropping procedure. "Uncontrollable worry", "restlessness" and "nervousness" were the central symptoms in the depression and anxiety network. "Restlessness" and "motor" were the most central bridge symptoms linking depression and anxiety. "Concentration", "anhedonia" and "sleep" were most strongly associated with MPA. "Uncontrollable worry", "restlessness", "nervousness," and "motor" may be the symptoms for interventions to target in medical students with comorbid depression and anxiety. From a network perspective, depressive symptoms may be more important than anxiety symptoms in medical students with MPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Chen
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jiexi Xiong
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Hongfei Ma
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yunan Hu
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Junni Bai
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
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19
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van Beuningen B, Simons SSH, van Hooijdonk KJM, van Noorden THJ, Geurts SAE, Vink JM. Is the Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Mental Well-Being in University Students Linear, Curvilinear or Absent? Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:1083-1094. [PMID: 38424738 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2320382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Background: Both alcohol consumption and mental well-being problems have been found to be prevalent in higher educated students and often have severe consequences. However, previous findings of the association between these constructs are mixed, possibly because often linear models are fitted, while some theories suggest a curvilinear association between the two concepts. Objectives: To clarify previously mixed findings, the current study compared curvilinear and linear models for the relationship between alcohol consumption and mental well-being in university students. Because of potential gender differences in this relationship, these models were explored for females and males separately. Data from the first cross-sectional online survey wave of the Healthy Student Life project including 2,631 female and 998 male students was used. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-consumption was used to measure alcohol consumption. Mental well-being was assessed by six sub-concepts (i.e., depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, life satisfaction, happiness, and self-rated mental health). Results: For females both linear (for anxiety, life satisfaction, and self-rated mental health) and curvilinear (for depression, stress, and happiness) associations were found, while for males no support for either curvilinear or linear models was found. Conclusions: Results should be interpreted with caution due to the small effect sizes in the relationships for females but may suggest that testing the curvilinear association between alcohol consumption and mental well-being is an important future endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo van Beuningen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sterre S H Simons
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sabine A E Geurts
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Vink
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Savage MJ, Magistro D, Hennis PJ, Donaldson J, Healy LC, Hunter KA, James RM. Determining factors of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298134. [PMID: 38394147 PMCID: PMC10889634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Historically, university students demonstrate poor movement behaviours that could negatively impact current and future health. Recent literature has focused on identifying determinants of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) in this population to inform the development of intervention strategies. However, the COVID-19 pandemic substantially restricted movement behaviours in this population, meaning findings of previous research may no longer be applicable within the current societal context. The present study explored the longitudinal relationships between pre-pandemic psychological, behavioural and anthropometric factors, and the movement behaviours of UK university students nine months following the outbreak of COVID-19. METHODS Mental wellbeing (MWB), perceived stress (PS), body mass index (BMI), SB, and PA were assessed using an online self-report survey in 255 students prior to (October 2019) and nine months following (October 2020) the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in the UK. Path analysis was utilised to test relationships between pre-COVID mental wellbeing, perceived stress and BMI, and movement behaviours during the pandemic. RESULTS The fit of the path analysis model was good (χ2 = 0.01; CMIN = 0.10, CFI = 1.00, RMSEA = 0.00). Pre-covid MWB and PS positively influenced PA (β = 0.29; β = 0.24; P < 0.01) but not SB (β = -0.10; β = 0.00; P = 0.79) during the pandemic. Additionally, pre-pandemic SB and PA positively influenced SB and PA during the pandemic respectively (SB: β = 0.26; P < 0.01) (PA: β = 0.55; P < 0.01). Pre-pandemic BMI did not influence any measured variable during the pandemic (PA: β = 0.03 and P = 0.29; SB: β = 0.06 and P = 0.56), and there was no mediating effect of PA on SB during the pandemic (β = -0.26; P = 0.14). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that pre-covid mental health and movement behaviours had a direct positive influence on PA during the pandemic, but not SB. This longitudinal study demonstrates the influence that prior psychological and behavioural factors have in determining university students' response to periods of elevated stress and uncertainty, furthering our understanding of determinants of health-related behaviours in students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Savage
- SHAPE Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Magistro
- SHAPE Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. Hennis
- SHAPE Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - James Donaldson
- SHAPE Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Laura C. Healy
- SHAPE Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty A. Hunter
- SHAPE Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth M. James
- SHAPE Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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21
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Yeo PME, Qin VM, Ang CS, Chia M, Ho RMH, Ho AHY, Car J. Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among matriculated university students in Singapore during Covid-19 pandemic: findings from a repeated cross-sectional analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:454. [PMID: 38350881 PMCID: PMC10865677 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common issue among university students and has been particularly exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, limited research has specifically focused on depression among university entrants. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression severity and identify associated factors during different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic using health screening questionnaires completed by matriculated university students in Singapore. METHODS A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted at a public university in Singapore. Data from health screening questionnaires administered in 2020 and 2021, involving 15,630 newly enrolled university students, were analyzed. The questionnaires covered students' sociodemographic information, physical health status, own and family medical history, lifestyle behaviours, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The PHQ-9 was used to measure the severity of depressive symptoms, categorizing into moderate to severe depressive symptoms (MSDS), mild depressive symptoms (MDS), or no depressive symptom (NDS). Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the sociodemographic, physical and behavioural correlates of depression. RESULTS The prevalence of MSDS was 1% in both 2020 and 2021, while the rates for MDS were 1.93% in 2020 and 1.64% in 2021. In the 2020 cohort, male freshmen who reported better health had a lower likelihood of experiencing depression. Conversely, students of Malay ethnicity, those majoring in Engineering, those with multiple chronic diseases, monthly alcohol consumers, current smokers, and those with a family history of mental disorder had a higher likelihood of experiencing depression. Moreover, students who lived on-campus in the 2021 cohort were less likely to experience depression than those living off-campus. However, the associations between academic majors, alcohol consumption, and smoking with depression were not significant in the 2021 cohort. CONCLUSIONS This study reported a low prevalence of both MSDS and MDS among university entrants in Singapore. The study further identified three categories of factors associated with depression: sociodemographic, physical, and behavioural. This study suggests policy interventions to enhance targeted social support that address each student group's specific requirements and susceptibilities. A more extensive and comprehensive study is warranted to assess the changes in student mental health status post-COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearlie Mei En Yeo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vicky Mengqi Qin
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Primary Care and Family Medicine programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Chin-Siang Ang
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Chia
- Physical Education & Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ringo Moon-Ho Ho
- Psychology Programme, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andy Hau Yan Ho
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Psychology Programme, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Josip Car
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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22
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Saavedra JL, Crisanti A, Lardier DT, Tohen M, Lenroot R, Bustillo J, Halperin D, Friedman B, Loewy R, Murray-Krezan C, McIver S. The Cascade of Care for Early Psychosis Detection in a College Counseling Center. Psychiatr Serv 2024; 75:161-166. [PMID: 37554003 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.20230005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Programs for early detection of psychosis help identify individuals experiencing emerging psychosis and link them with appropriate services, thereby reducing the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP). The authors used the cascade-of-care framework to identify various care stages between screening and enrollment in coordinated specialty care (CSC) and to determine attrition at each stage, with the goal of identifying points in the referral process that may affect DUP. METHODS Project partners included a college counseling center and CSC program. All college students seeking mental health services at a counseling center between 2020 and 2022 (N=1,945) completed the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief (PQ-B) at intake. Students who met the distress cutoff score were referred for a phone screening. Those who met criteria on the basis of this screening were referred for assessment and possible enrollment into CSC. RESULTS Six stages in the cascade of care for early detection were identified. Of the students who completed the PQ-B as part of intake (stage 1), 547 (28%) met the PQ-B cutoff score (stage 2). Counselors referred 428 (78%) students who met the PQ-B cutoff score (stage 3), and 212 (50%) of these students completed the phone screening (stage 4). Seventy-two (34%) students completed a CSC eligibility assessment (stage 5), 21 (29%) of whom were enrolled in CSC (stage 6). CONCLUSIONS The cascade-of-care framework helped conceptualize the flow within a program for early psychosis detection in order to identify stages that may contribute to lengthier DUP. Future research is warranted to better understand the factors that contribute to DUP at these stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine L Saavedra
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Saavedra, Crisanti, Lardier, Tohen, Lenroot, Bustillo, Halperin, Friedman) and Student Health and Counseling (McIver), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (Loewy); Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Murray-Krezan)
| | - Annette Crisanti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Saavedra, Crisanti, Lardier, Tohen, Lenroot, Bustillo, Halperin, Friedman) and Student Health and Counseling (McIver), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (Loewy); Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Murray-Krezan)
| | - David T Lardier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Saavedra, Crisanti, Lardier, Tohen, Lenroot, Bustillo, Halperin, Friedman) and Student Health and Counseling (McIver), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (Loewy); Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Murray-Krezan)
| | - Mauricio Tohen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Saavedra, Crisanti, Lardier, Tohen, Lenroot, Bustillo, Halperin, Friedman) and Student Health and Counseling (McIver), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (Loewy); Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Murray-Krezan)
| | - Rhoshel Lenroot
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Saavedra, Crisanti, Lardier, Tohen, Lenroot, Bustillo, Halperin, Friedman) and Student Health and Counseling (McIver), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (Loewy); Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Murray-Krezan)
| | - Juan Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Saavedra, Crisanti, Lardier, Tohen, Lenroot, Bustillo, Halperin, Friedman) and Student Health and Counseling (McIver), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (Loewy); Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Murray-Krezan)
| | - Dawn Halperin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Saavedra, Crisanti, Lardier, Tohen, Lenroot, Bustillo, Halperin, Friedman) and Student Health and Counseling (McIver), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (Loewy); Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Murray-Krezan)
| | - Bess Friedman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Saavedra, Crisanti, Lardier, Tohen, Lenroot, Bustillo, Halperin, Friedman) and Student Health and Counseling (McIver), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (Loewy); Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Murray-Krezan)
| | - Rachel Loewy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Saavedra, Crisanti, Lardier, Tohen, Lenroot, Bustillo, Halperin, Friedman) and Student Health and Counseling (McIver), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (Loewy); Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Murray-Krezan)
| | - Cristina Murray-Krezan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Saavedra, Crisanti, Lardier, Tohen, Lenroot, Bustillo, Halperin, Friedman) and Student Health and Counseling (McIver), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (Loewy); Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Murray-Krezan)
| | - Stephanie McIver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Saavedra, Crisanti, Lardier, Tohen, Lenroot, Bustillo, Halperin, Friedman) and Student Health and Counseling (McIver), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (Loewy); Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (Murray-Krezan)
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Pan N, Wang S, Lan H, Zhang X, Qin K, Kemp GJ, Suo X, Gong Q. Multivariate patterns of brain functional connectome associated with COVID-19-related negative affect symptoms. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:49. [PMID: 38253618 PMCID: PMC10803304 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe mental health problems with the representation of negative affect symptoms (NAS) have been increasingly reported during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to explore the multivariate patterns of brain functional connectome predicting COVID-19-related NAS. This cohort study encompassed a group of university students to undergo neuroimaging scans before the pandemic, and we re-contacted participants for 1-year follow-up COVID-related NAS evaluations during the pandemic. Regularized canonical correlation analysis was used to identify connectome-based dimensions of NAS to compute pairs of canonical variates. The predictive ability of identified functional connectome to NAS dimensional scores was examined with a nested cross-validation. Two dimensions (i.e. mode stress and mode anxiety) were related to distinct patterns of brain functional connectome (r2 = 0.911, PFDR = 0.048; r2 = 0.901, PFDR = 0.037, respectively). Mode anxiety was characterized by high loadings in connectivity between affective network (AFN) and visual network (VN), while connectivity of the default mode network with dorsal attention network (DAN) were remarkably prominent in mode stress. Connectivity patterns within the DAN and between DAN and VN, ventral attention network, and AFN was common for both dimensions. The identified functional connectome can reliably predict mode stress (r = 0.37, MAE = 5.1, p < 0.001) and mode anxiety (r = 0.28, MAE = 5.4, p = 0.005) in the cross-validation. Our findings provide new insight into multivariate dimensions of COVID-related NAS, which may have implications for developing network-based biomarkers in psychological interventions for vulnerable individuals in the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanfang Pan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Lan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Qin
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Graham J Kemp
- Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Xueling Suo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, China.
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Jamil B, Su J. Multidimensional social support and associations between COVID-19 stress and depressive/anxiety outcomes among Hispanic/Latinx and White first-year college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38227914 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2299413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to greater depression and anxiety among college students. Social support may alleviate this risk. We examined how social support from family, friends, and romantic partners may influence internalizing psychopathology outcomes associated with COVID-19-related stressful events. Participants: Participants were first-years (N = 425, 34.8% Hispanic/Latinx, 74.9% female) enrolled in a United States public university. Methods: Participants completed an online survey in Fall of 2020. Linear regression models examined associations between COVID-19 stressors, social support, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and differences between White and Hispanic/Latinx students. Results: Reported COVID-19 stressors were associated with elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms and higher among Hispanic/Latinx students. Family and friend support were negatively associated with both internalizing outcomes. Partner support was negatively associated with depression and more predictive among White students whereas friend support was for Hispanic/Latinx students' anxiety. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the importance of social connectedness during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal Jamil
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jinni Su
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Chen B, Wang W, Yang S. The relationship between academic stress and depression among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study from China. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:46. [PMID: 38216950 PMCID: PMC10785333 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic is a global public health crisis. During the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health has attracted great attention. However, there is a lack of research on the relationship between academic stress and depression in Chinese college students and its mechanisms. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanisms of coping style, sleep quality, and interpersonal relationship in academic stress and depression among college students. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2022 through face-to-face questionnaires with college students in Anhui Province, China. The questionnaires included sociodemographic information, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and the Self-Rating Depression Scale. Ordered logistic regression model was used to study the relationship between academic stress and depression of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic through the mechanism analysis of coping style, sleep quality and interpersonal relationship. RESULTS Two thousand thirty-three Chinese college students participated in the study, including 1,285 female and 748 male college students, with an average age 19.81 years old (SD = 1.22 years old). The results showed that (1) Academic stress had a significant impact on depression in college students under the background of COVID-19 (p < 0.01); (2) The influence of academic stress on depression had a difference in work experience as student cadres, which showed that college students who had served as student cadres were less affected by academic stress (p < 0.10), college students who had not served as student cadres were greatly affected by the academic stress (p < 0.05); (3) College students' attitudes toward COVID-19 significantly affected depression (p < 0.01); (4) Counselors' concern had a significant impact on college students' depression (p < 0.01); (5) Positive coping style, high quality sleep and good interpersonal relationship were the important mechanisms of the impact of academic stress on college students' depression. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new findings for in-depth understanding of the relationship between academic stress and depression among college students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is conducive to the provision of targeted intervention measures for the mental health of college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoling Chen
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, People's Republic of China.
- School of Finance and Public Administration, Anhui University of Finance & Economics, #962 Caoshan Road, Bengbu City, Anhui, China.
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Internal Medicine Department, The Third People's Hospital of Bengbu, No. 38, Shengli Middle Road, Bengbu City, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanlin Yang
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, People's Republic of China
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Fountoulakis KN, Alias NA, Bjedov S, Fountoulakis NK, Gonda X, Hilbig J, Jakovljević M, Kulig B, Mahale G, Manafis A, Mohammed M, Nadareishvili I, Navickas A, Patsali ME, Pavlichenko A, Pilaga SM, Razali S, Romanov D, Rossitza I, Salihu AS, Sinauridze A, Stoyanova M, Thosar K, Vorobjova J, Vrublevska J, Rancans E, Javed A, Theodorakis PN, Breda J, Smirnova D. Students' mental health during the pandemic: results of the observational cross-sectional COVID-19 MEntal health inTernational for university Students (COMET-S) study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1320156. [PMID: 38293595 PMCID: PMC10825874 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1320156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the study was to search rates of depression and mental health in university students, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods This is an observational cross-sectional study. A protocol gathering sociodemographic variables as well as depression, anxiety and suicidality and conspiracism was assembled, and data were collected anonymously and online from April 2020 through March 2021. The sample included 12,488 subjects from 11 countries, of whom 9,026 were females (72.2%; aged 21.11 ± 2.53), 3,329 males (26.65%; aged 21.61 ± 2.81) and 133 "non-binary gender" (1.06%; aged 21.02 ± 2.98). The analysis included chi-square tests, correlation analysis, ANCOVA, multiple forward stepwise linear regression analysis and Relative Risk ratios. Results Dysphoria was present in 15.66% and probable depression in 25.81% of the total study sample. More than half reported increase in anxiety and depression and 6.34% in suicidality, while lifestyle changes were significant. The model developed explained 18.4% of the development of depression. Believing in conspiracy theories manifested a complex effect. Close to 25% was believing that the vaccines include a chip and almost 40% suggested that facemask wearing could be a method of socio-political control. Conspiracism was related to current depression but not to history of mental disorders. Discussion The current study reports that students are at high risk for depression during the COVID-19 pandemic and identified specific risk factors. It also suggested a role of believing in conspiracy theories. Further research is important, as it is targeted intervention in students' groups that are vulnerable both concerning mental health and conspiracism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece, Thessaloniki, Greece
- WHO Collaboration Center for Quality in Mental Health, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nor Aziah Alias
- Academic Affairs Division, Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sarah Bjedov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jan Hilbig
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Barbara Kulig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Girija Mahale
- Symbiosis Centre for Emotional Wellbeing, Symbiosis International (Deemed) University, Pune, India
| | - Alexandros Manafis
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Muftau Mohammed
- Department of Mental Health, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Alvydas Navickas
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mikaella E. Patsali
- School of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Alexey Pavlichenko
- Education Center, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 n.a. N.A. Alexeev of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Salmi Razali
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dmitry Romanov
- Department of Psychiatry, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | - Iakimova Rossitza
- Second Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital for Active Treatment in Neurology and Psychiatry “Saint Naum”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Auwal Sani Salihu
- Department of Psychiatry, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
- Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ana Sinauridze
- Georgian Medical Students' Association, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Maria Stoyanova
- Second Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital for Active Treatment in Neurology and Psychiatry “Saint Naum”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ketaki Thosar
- Symbiosis Centre for Emotional Wellbeing, Symbiosis International (Deemed) University, Pune, India
| | | | - Jelena Vrublevska
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Riga Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga, Latvia
| | - Elmars Rancans
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Riga Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga, Latvia
| | - Afzal Javed
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Pakistan Psychiatric Research Centre, Fountain House, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Joao Breda
- WHO Athens Quality of Care Office, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daria Smirnova
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
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Cichoń E, Gawrych M, Kiejna A, Gondek TM, Andrzejewska B, Adamowski T, Kozak K, Mortier P, Alonso J. Predictors of suicidality among Polish university students during COVID-19 pandemic. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2024; 37:43-55. [PMID: 37972975 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The main purpose of the study was to assess university students' mental health and identify factors associated with the risk of suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and distance learning. RECENT FINDINGS The study was conducted in spring 2021 and comprised 10 760 Polish students. The survey employed modified versions of the C-SSRS, CIDI, WHO-5, GAD-7, the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 and CAGE-AID Questionnaire and included questions about panic attacks, COVID-19-related information and sociodemographic characteristics. The correlates of suicidality were examined using a series of logistic regression analyses. Almost 40% students experienced any suicidal thoughts and/or behaviours in the previous month: passive ideations only (15.8%), active ideations only (7.1%), plans without attempts (15%), and attempts (1.4%). Following variables were related to the increased risk for suicide attempts: severe anxiety [odds ratio (OR) = 11.39; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.44-90.26], panic attacks (OR = 3.21; 95% CI: 1.75-5.91), and COVID-19 hospitalisation (OR = 11.04; 95% CI: 1.17-104.59). Major depression was associated with passive and active ideations, suicide plans, but not with attempts (OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 0.45-4.13). SUMMARY University students present a high level of adverse mental health and increased risk of STBs during COVID-19 pandemic. A suicide prevention program tailored to this population is needed during and after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Cichoń
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Applied Studies, Psychology Research Unit for Public Health, University of Lower Silesia, Wroclaw
| | | | - Andrzej Kiejna
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Applied Studies, Psychology Research Unit for Public Health, University of Lower Silesia, Wroclaw
| | | | - Beata Andrzejewska
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Applied Studies, Psychology Research Unit for Public Health, University of Lower Silesia, Wroclaw
| | - Tomasz Adamowski
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karol Kozak
- Medical Faculty, Dresden University of Technology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Clinic for Neurology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philippe Mortier
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
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Alencar MS, Kubrusly M, Aquino BOAD, Viana IN, Morais PI, Rocha HAL. Depression among Brazilian medical students exposed to remote learning and the role of scopophobia. MEDICAL TEACHER 2024; 46:102-109. [PMID: 37485691 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2023.2236779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Medical education was greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and remote teaching through lectures and classes through videoconferencing was heavily used. However, the need to use cameras led to scopophobia, which is the fear of being watched, which can lead to psychological symptoms. Despite the relevance and prevalence of depression and the increase in the use of cameras for learning, research evaluating the impact of scopophobia on students' mental health is surprisingly scarce. Hence, to fill up this gap, a cross-sectional study was carried out in medical schools in Brazil. To assess the presence of depressed mood, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was applied. We used logistic regression models to verify the associations. The overall prevalence of positive PHQ9 found in our study was 62%. By studying the factors associated with a high risk of scopophobia, we could identify that the PHQ was statistically associated with scopophobia (odds ratio 2.43 (confidence interval 1.11-5.26), adjusted p value = .0269). Also, a lower family income, a higher number of household inhabitants, and female gender were associated. These results suggest that scopophobia is associated with depression, leading us to believe that interventions to mitigate this risk in students are opportune, especially if targeted at lower-income students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Kubrusly
- Medical Education Department, Unichristus University Center, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Isadora Néri Viana
- Medical Education Department, Unichristus University Center, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Hermano Alexandre Lima Rocha
- Medical Education Department, Unichristus University Center, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Community Health Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Siani A. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Teaching, Learning, Assessment, and Wellbeing in Higher Education. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1458:263-275. [PMID: 39102202 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-61943-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Lockdown restrictions and social distancing regulations enforced by governments worldwide to prevent COVID-19 transmission have caused momentous disruption to the global education sector. Educators and students across all institutions and levels had to suddenly adapt to a new reality where in-person teaching was replaced by hybrid or remote learning activities. This chapter aims to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on teaching, learning and assessment in higher education. It discusses the challenges presented by the shift to online teaching and the pedagogical strategies developed to foster student engagement and assess their progress in a remote learning setting. Moreover, this chapter explores the impact of the pandemic on wellbeing and mental health of students and academic staff. The last section draws on the lessons learned from the pandemic to identify areas of good practice that are likely to positively shape the post-pandemic higher education panorama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Siani
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, King Henry 1st Street, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK.
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Huang J, Liu X. Anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 lockdown in the post-epidemic era: an online cross-sectional survey. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:923. [PMID: 38066524 PMCID: PMC10709836 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05442-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to affect the mental health of college students in the post-epidemic era. We assessed the status and related factors of college students who are vulnerable to anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 lockdown. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted two weeks after the beginning of the COVID-19 lockdown, from November 6, 2022, to December 2, 2022, with 1176 valid samples using convenience sampling. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to measure levels of anxiety and depression in college students. Factors related to anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity were analyzed using binary logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity were 27.04%, 34.10%, and 25.60%, respectively. There was a higher risk of anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity among those who were currently living in rural areas. Compared with individuals with low monthly living expenses, those with higher monthly living expenses were less prone to anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS High prevalence of anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity were detected among college students during the COVID-19 lockdown. These were most common among college students who were senior students, had abnormal body mass index (BMI), were rural area residents, did study arts and humanities, were one-child in the family, and had low monthly living expenses and poor academic performance. Intervention practitioners and policymakers should formulate individualized prevention and intervention measures during the COVID-19 lockdown in the post-epidemic and possible future pandemics for college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Huang
- School of Health Management, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- School of Health Management, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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31
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Jensen-Campbell LA, Liegey Dougall A, Heller AC, Iyer-Eimerbrink P, Bland MK, Hull K. Do Social Support and Loneliness Influence Emerging Adults' Mental Health during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic? Brain Sci 2023; 13:1691. [PMID: 38137139 PMCID: PMC10741457 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Youths' mental health is at a crisis level, with mental health problems doubling in the US since the pandemic began. To compound the mental health crisis, there is a global loneliness epidemic, with emerging adults worldwide experiencing some of the highest rates. One study with two phases examined the influence of social support and loneliness on mental health in US emerging adults during the pandemic, including changes in these relationships over one year. Emerging adults (N = 449) completed online questionnaires via Prolific in May 2020 (Phase 1) and again from January to May 2021 (N = 253; Phase 2). More perceived support was related to reduced loneliness, with family support having the most significant influence. Loneliness mediated the link between perceived support and adverse health outcomes. Higher loneliness predicted more perceived stress and sleep difficulties concurrently and over time. There was a bidirectional relationship between loneliness and depression, such that higher levels of either variable at Time 1 predicted increases in the other over time. Results highlight the detrimental impact of loneliness on emerging adults' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri A. Jensen-Campbell
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.K.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Angela Liegey Dougall
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.K.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Abigail C. Heller
- Department of Psychology, Belmont University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA;
| | - Priya Iyer-Eimerbrink
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75241, USA;
| | - Michelle K. Bland
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.K.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Kristen Hull
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.K.B.); (K.H.)
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Cooke E, Henderson-Wilson C, Warner E, LaMontagne AD. Exploring Australian university students' and staff members' perspectives on an animal-assisted intervention as a health promotion initiative on campus. Health Promot J Austr 2023. [PMID: 38044488 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED The university campus environment is unique and complex, with students and staff members experiencing increasing levels of stress and anxiety over time. One intervention being used internationally to alleviate stress and anxiety is an Animal Assisted Intervention (AAI). This research aimed to explore Australian university students' and staff members' perspectives on an AAI prior to implementation. METHODS This study used an explanatory mixed methods approach. Student participants were recruited through posts on a university's subject sites and via social media. University staff member participants were recruited through emails from managers or department newsletters. Data were collected through an online anonymous survey and subsequent semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analysed with SPSS and qualitative data were analysed via thematic analysis. RESULTS Data included 344 survey responses and 45 semi-structured interviews. Survey responses indicated a large majority of participants believe an AAI could promote health on campus. This was due to the range of benefits participants felt an AAI could have on campus (such as reducing stress and anxiety, providing opportunities for a break from work or study, social benefits, and enhancing the university environment). In interviews, participants suggested an AAI could contribute towards a positive university environment and help promote other services on campus; provided it considers those not interested in participating. SO WHAT?: If implemented sustainably, an AAI has potential to contribute towards a positive university environment for both staff and students, by potentially reducing the high rates of stress and anxiety the university community are currently experiencing. An AAI could also help to raise awareness of other health services on campus, further contributing towards promoting positive mental health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Cooke
- Faculty of Health, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claire Henderson-Wilson
- Faculty of Health, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elyse Warner
- Faculty of Health, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony D LaMontagne
- Faculty of Health, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Caravaca-Sánchez F, Aizpurua E, Wolff N. The Prevalence of Prison-based Physical and Sexual Victimization in Males and Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:3476-3492. [PMID: 36373724 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221130358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review investigated the prevalence of prison-based interpersonal harm by type of victimization (physical and sexual) and sex, along with the heterogeneity among studies using meta-regression. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and the Meta-Analysis guidelines, 24 articles met the selection criteria. Study quality was assessed using the Joana Briggs Institute (20.8% deemed low quality, 33.3% moderate, and 45.9% high). Searches were conducted in Criminal Justice Abstracts, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science. The 24 articles comprised 36 separate samples inclusive of 23,967 incarcerated individuals. The random-effects pooled prevalence estimate of prison-based physical victimization was 18.8%, with slightly higher rates for females (20.3%) than males (18.1%). For sexual victimization, the pooled prevalence estimate was 12.4%, with higher rates among females (15.3%) than males (9.7%). For females, younger individuals reported higher rates of physical and sexual victimization and studies using smaller samples had higher rates of physical victimization. Rates of physical and sexual victimization for men were higher if perpetrators included residents and staff, the recall period was since admission, data was collected using self-administered surveys, and in low-quality studies (sexual victimization only). Rates of prison-based interpersonal harm, while high, varied significantly by type of victimization, sex, and study methodology. High heterogeneity will be reduced only if future studies adhere to best methodological practices in defining and collecting data on interpersonal harm and consistently test risk and prevention factors instrumental to prevention efforts. Study limitations include the exclusion of unpublished and non-English-language studies, small sample sizes for female studies, and methodological "noise" within the literature that reduce predictive precision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nancy Wolff
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, USA
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Guardino CM, Whittaker F, Williams EA, Franchini M. Resilience resources, coping, and health outcomes in college students during the Covid-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37988057 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2269446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Resilience resources are predispositions that promote individuals' abilities to cope with stress. Objective: The current cross-sectional study used path analysis with parallel multiple mediators to test whether coping behaviors mediated associations between resilience resources and somatic, depression, and anxiety symptoms during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: Undergraduates at a small Northeastern college (n = 193) completed online surveys assessing resilience resources, coping, and symptoms. Results: Results support significant indirect effects from resilience resources to somatic symptoms through positive reinterpretation and growth, mental disengagement, and substance use. Total indirect effects for depressive symptoms were driven by mental disengagement and substance use, with a direct effect of resilience resources. The effect of resilience resources on anxiety symptoms was mediated by mental disengagement, and there was a direct effect of resilience resources. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate that some coping strategies link resilience resources to better outcomes, potentially informing interventions for adaptive coping during public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Freya Whittaker
- Department of Psychology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eleanor A Williams
- Department of Psychology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meredith Franchini
- Department of Psychology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, USA
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Chenneville T, Gabbidon K, Zharima C, Hornschuh S, Dietrich JJ. Factors affecting COVID-19's mental health impact on college students in the southeastern United States. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1225686. [PMID: 38045982 PMCID: PMC10690604 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1225686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence confirms COVID-19's negative impact on college students' mental health; however, more research is needed to identify factors that promoted or hindered college students' mental health early in the pandemic. This exploratory study addressed this need. Participants were 697 students attending a large, state, urban university in the southeastern United States. Using a cross-sectional survey design, participants completed an anonymous, online survey assessing socio-demographic variables, mental health issues, and activities during the lockdown period in 2020. Findings suggest college students in the southeastern US who were women or transgender men and had pre-existing mental health conditions, fewer routine activities, and high exposure to COVID-19 news reported more mental health problems early in the pandemic. Students who exercised daily had fewer symptoms of anxiety and post-traumatic stress than students who exercised monthly, but there were no differences in emotional responses to COVID-19 based on exercise frequency. Tailored strategies to address college students' needs in response to the current or future pandemics are needed and should take into consideration factors that promote or hinder mental health. Patient or Public Contribution: College students were participants in this study. College students who were not participants in this study assisted with the implementation of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Chenneville
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kemesha Gabbidon
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Campion Zharima
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stefanie Hornschuh
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Janan Janine Dietrich
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Belville, South Africa
- African Social Sciences Unit of Research and Evaluation (ASSURE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Liu H, Zhang Z, Chi C, Tao X, Zhang M. Exploring the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Academic Burnout Among Nursing College Students in China: A Web-Based Survey. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2023; 29:e940997. [PMID: 37963323 PMCID: PMC10624139 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.940997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has brought changes and challenges to nursing students. However, little is known about the prevalence of academic burnout among nursing students in this challenging circumstance. This study aimed to assess nursing student academic burnout and its influencing factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a sample survey of a 4-year undergraduate nursing university in Wuhu, Anhui Province, China. The social-demographic information questionnaire, Academic Burnout Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Impact of Event Scale-6, Patient Health Questionnaire-2, and Professional Identity Scale were used. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to clarify the relationship among sociodemographic characteristics, resilience, and academic burnout. RESULTS Of all the study participants, 51.30% had a certain degree of academic burnout. Academic year, satisfaction with specialty, satisfaction with online learning, professional identity, and psychological resilience were negatively correlated with academic burnout among nursing students. Depression was positively correlated with academic burnout. CONCLUSIONS Nursing students had a high degree of academic burnout. Academic year, satisfaction with specialty, satisfaction with online learning, professional identity, and psychological resilience were protective factors that reduced nursing students' academic burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, PR China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Chenru Chi
- Graduate School of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xiubin Tao
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, PR China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, PR China
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, PR China
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Radovanovic J, Selakovic V, Mihaljevic O, Djordjevic J, Čolović S, Djordjevic JR, Janjic V, Jovicic M, Veselinovic S, Vukomanovic IS, Janicijevic K, Slovic Z, Radovanovic S, Djordjevic O, Djordjic M. Mental health status and coping strategies during COVID-19 pandemic among university students in Central Serbia. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1226836. [PMID: 37953939 PMCID: PMC10634511 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1226836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this research was to evaluate the occurrence of depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as the level of life contentment and coping mechanisms employed by college students amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A total of 588 students of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and the Higher School of Medicine, Kraljevo, University of Kragujevac, Central Serbia, participated in an online cross-sectional survey in the period September-October 2022. Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) was used to measure the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. The Coping Questionnaire-a shorter version (Brief Cope Inventories) assesses the coping strategies a person uses in stressful situations, and the 5-item Life Satisfaction Scale is used to examine the level of life satisfaction. Results The symptoms of depression were reported by 34.9%, of anxiety by 47.1% and of stress by 44.2%. The type of faculty (p = 0.001), and place of residence (p = 0.036) correlated with depression, gender with anxiety (p = 0.001) and stress (p = 0.015). In terms of coping mechanisms, the most frequently mentioned strategies, based on average scores, were acceptance (5.76), positive interpretation (5.55), humor (5.46). Conclusion The adverse impact of COVID-19 was a risk factor for depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. A negative correlation exists between the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, and the overall life satisfaction of university students. Offering the necessary assistance through psychological interventions and effective coping techniques is crucial in ensuring the optimal mental health of university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Radovanovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Viktor Selakovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Olgica Mihaljevic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Djordjevic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sofija Čolović
- Department of Communication Skills, Ethics, and Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Clinic for Psychiatry, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena R. Djordjevic
- Department of Communication Skills, Ethics, and Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Clinic for Psychiatry, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Janjic
- University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Clinic for Psychiatry, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center for Harm Reduction of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milena Jovicic
- University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Clinic for Psychiatry, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sladjana Veselinovic
- Department of Communication Skills, Ethics, and Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Clinic for Psychiatry, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivana Simic Vukomanovic
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Katarina Janicijevic
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zivana Slovic
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Service, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Snezana Radovanovic
- Center for Harm Reduction of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ognjen Djordjevic
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milan Djordjic
- Department of Communication Skills, Ethics, and Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Guenthner L, Baldofski S, Kohls E, Schuhr J, Brock T, Rummel-Kluge C. Differences in Help-Seeking Behavior among University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic Depending on Mental Health Status: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:885. [PMID: 37998632 PMCID: PMC10669357 DOI: 10.3390/bs13110885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence suggests that a significant proportion of university students are affected by mental disorders and suicidal ideation. Despite this, a treatment gap exists. Therefore, the present study assessed students' knowledge and past use of on- and off-campus mental health services and help-seeking intentions. Furthermore, resilience was investigated as a potential barrier to help-seeking behavior. METHODS Data were collected between April and May 2022 from N = 5510 students from Saxony, Germany. To compare dependent variables, subgroups were computed according to students' mental health status. Variables were assessed using standardized questionnaires. Chi-square tests were used for comparisons between groups. Multiple regression models were used to investigate the influence of resilience on help-seeking behavior. RESULTS Between 34 and 38% (depending on the subgroup) of participants indicated that they were not aware of their universities' psychosocial counseling services. Furthermore, between 17 and 19% of participants indicated that they were not willing to seek help from professional mental health services. Finally, the previously found negative effect of resilience on help-seeking behavior was confirmed. CONCLUSION The results showed a lack of awareness regarding universities' mental health services and a treatment gap among university students. Universities and healthcare providers need to educate students about mental health services and how to access them. Further research is needed to elucidate the differential impact of resilience on mental health and help-seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Guenthner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (L.G.); (S.B.); (E.K.)
| | - Sabrina Baldofski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (L.G.); (S.B.); (E.K.)
| | - Elisabeth Kohls
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (L.G.); (S.B.); (E.K.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Schuhr
- Centre for Research, Further Education and Consulting, University of Applied Sciences for Social Work, Education and Nursing, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Tanja Brock
- Centre for Research, Further Education and Consulting, University of Applied Sciences for Social Work, Education and Nursing, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Christine Rummel-Kluge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (L.G.); (S.B.); (E.K.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Camargo EMD, López Gil JF, Costa CG, Tárraga López PJ, Campos WD, Silva SGDS. Physical activity as a mediator of the association of body mass index change with anxiety/depression symptoms in Brazilian adults during COVID-19. NUTR HOSP 2023. [PMID: 37929832 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted people's behaviors and mental health around the world. AIM to verify the mediating role of physical activity (PA) level in the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and anxiety and depression symptoms. METHODS this is a cross-sectional study with Brazilian adults aged ≥ 18 years (n = 2,000, 59.6 % women) selected by the nonprobabilistic snowball method through digital means of communication (WhatsApp®, Telegram®, Facebook®, Twitter®, e-mails). Linear regression models were fitted for PA level mediation analyses in the relationship between BMI and anxiety/depression symptoms. RESULTS significant differences were found between the active/not overweight group and the other three groups (active/overweight, insufficiently active/not overweight and insufficiently active/overweight [p < 0.001]) for anxiety/depression after adjusting for age, gender, chronic diseases, alcohol consumption, and smoking. When testing the mediating role of daily PA in the association between BMI and anxiety/depression symptoms, BMI was negatively associated with daily PA in the first regression equation (p < 0.001); in the second, BMI was positively related to anxiety/depression symptoms (p < 0.001); and in the third, daily PA showed an inverse relationship with anxiety/depression symptoms (p < 0.001), and although BMI remained negatively associated with anxiety/depression symptoms, these associations maintained their statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS the results suggest that the effect of BMI on anxiety and depression was partially mediated by daily PA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wagner de Campos
- Department of Physical Education. Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR)
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Tsubaki M, Kako J, Koga Y, Kobayashi M, Endo Y, Kimura Y, Kiyohara H, Ishida M, Nishida Y, Harada K, Kajiwara K, Ito Y, Wakiguchi Y, Sasaki S, Hamanishi S, Yamanaka M, Kakeda T. Are There Changes in the Nursing Managers' Expectations of the Professional Quality of New Graduate Nurses after the Emerging of Infectious Disease Pandemic? JMA J 2023; 6:532-535. [PMID: 37941703 PMCID: PMC10628333 DOI: 10.31662/jmaj.2023-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Kako
- College of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo, Akashi, Japan
| | - Yuji Koga
- Faculty of Nursing, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Kobayashi
- Graduate of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Endo
- Faculty of Nursing, Kansai University of Social Welfare, Ako, Japan
| | | | - Hana Kiyohara
- College of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo, Akashi, Japan
| | - Michiko Ishida
- Faculty of Nursing, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yoko Nishida
- Faculty of Nursing, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Kimie Harada
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Kyushu International College of Nursing, Munakata, Japan
| | - Kohei Kajiwara
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Kyushu International College of Nursing, Munakata, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Ito
- College of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo, Akashi, Japan
| | - Yuki Wakiguchi
- College of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo, Akashi, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sasaki
- Department of Nursing Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Soja, Japan
| | - Seiji Hamanishi
- Faculty of Nursing, Kansai University of Social Welfare, Ako, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamanaka
- School of Nursing, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kakeda
- Faculty of Nursing, Kawasaki City College of Nursing, Kawasaki, Japan
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Wang C, Zhou R, Zhang X. Positive Childhood Experiences and Depression Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Moderated Mediation Model. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4105-4115. [PMID: 37850192 PMCID: PMC10577255 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s426078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, mental health concerns have become more prevalent worldwide. However, there is a lack of research specifically addressing the mental well-being of college art students. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms among college music students and explore the factors that predict and alleviate these symptoms amidst the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods An online survey was conducted among college music students (n = 407) from two universities at May 2022 in China. Self-report scales were used to measure levels of depression (Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale), positive childhood experiences (Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale), social support (Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support), and regulatory emotional self-efficacy (Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale). Hayes PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to test the hypothesized effects of regulatory emotional self-efficacy and social support in the relationship between positive childhood experiences and depression. Results Results showed that, the prevalence of depression symptoms of the current study sample was 64.13%, positive childhood experiences had a significant and negative predictive effect on the depression of college music students, and the relation was partially mediated by regulatory emotional self-efficacy. Furthermore, social support moderated the relationship between positive childhood experiences and regulatory emotional self-efficacy, the relation was significant only for students with higher levels of social support, social support may enhance and amplify the positive impacts of positive childhood experiences on regulatory emotional self-efficacy. Conclusion The findings reveal a significant prevalence of depression among college music students during the COVID-19 epidemic, underscoring the seriousness of the issue. Moreover, this study contributes to a deeper comprehension of how positive childhood experiences alleviate depression among college music students. These insights hold potential for informing mental health education initiatives tailored to college art students in the post-pandemic era, offering valuable guidance for promoting their well-being and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Wang
- School of Music, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Marxism, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
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Shiraishi N, Sakata M, Toyomoto R, Yoshida K, Luo Y, Nakagami Y, Tajika A, Watanabe T, Sahker E, Uwatoko T, Shimamoto T, Iwami T, Furukawa TA. Dynamics of depressive states among university students in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic: an interrupted time series analysis. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2023; 22:38. [PMID: 37814328 PMCID: PMC10563354 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-023-00468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was reported to have increased depression among university students which was associated with impairments in their campus lives. This study examined changes in depressive states among Japanese university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A secondary data analysis from a factorial randomized controlled trial involving smartphone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy was performed. Six cohorts (N = 1626) underwent an 8-week intervention during the spring or autumn of 2019-2021, with a 9-month follow-up. We evaluated participants' depressive states weekly using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) during the intervention, with monthly evaluations thereafter. The follow-up periods included Japan's four states of emergency (SOEs) to control COVID-19. Hypothesizing that SOEs caused a sudden worsening of depressive states, Study 1 compared the cohorts' PHQ-9 scores, and Study 2 employed time series analysis with a mixed-effects model to estimate identified changes in PHQ-9 scores. RESULTS Although no changes in depressive states were observed in relation to the SOEs, Study 1 identified sudden increases in PHQ-9 scores at the 28-week evaluation point, which corresponded to the beginning of the new academic year for the three autumn cohorts. In contrast, the three spring cohorts did not exhibit similar changes. Study 2 showed that, for all three autumn cohorts (n = 522), the 0.60-point change was significant (95% CI 0.42-0.78; p < .001) at 28 weeks; that is, when their timeline was interrupted. CONCLUSIONS While the results do not indicate any notable impact of the SOEs, they highlight the influence of the new academic year on university students' mental health during COVID-19. Trial registration UMIN, CTR-000031307. Registered on February 14, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shiraishi
- Department of Psychiatry and Cognitive-Behavioral Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - M Sakata
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - R Toyomoto
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Luo
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Nakagami
- Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Tajika
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Cognitive-Behavioral Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - E Sahker
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Medical Education Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Uwatoko
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Shimamoto
- Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Iwami
- Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T A Furukawa
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Shabestari M, Ansteinsson VE, Hovden EAS, Stangvaltaite-Mouhat L, Mdala I, Skudutyte-Rysstad R, Uhlen-Strand MM. One year of COVID-19 in dental health services in Norway: psychological impact, risk perceptions and vaccination status. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:972. [PMID: 37684589 PMCID: PMC10486048 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09981-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased psychological pressure on oral healthcare professionals (OHP) due to COVID-19 has been shown, yet little is known about the long-term psychological impacts. We aimed to study the psychological impact of COVID-19 and associated factors including perceived risk and preparedness and vaccination status among OHP in the first year after the lockdown period in Norway. METHODS A structured questionnaire sent electronically to dentists, dental hygienists and dental assistants inquired experiences and perceptions during the second year following the outbreak in Norway. The questionnaire comprised a COVID-19 fear scale and questions about risk perception, preparedness and vaccination status. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used to assess psychological impact, perception of risk and preparedness according to vaccination status of the respondents. RESULTS The majority of the 708 respondents were female (92.8%), had ten or more years of work experience (67.1%), and worked in public dental clinics (95.9%). Fears and concerns related to COVID-19 were common, 72.6% feared getting infected and 85.4% feared infecting others. Of the 642 respondents who agreed that their workplaces handled the situation well, 55.6% were fully vaccinated. Three factors were retrieved from EFA: Insecurity, Instability and Infection. SEM showed that females were more concerned with Infection, and respondents with long clinical experience were less likely to express fear about Instability. Fully vaccinated individuals felt more insecure about becoming infected, and those agreeing that their workplaces handled the current situation well were concerned with Insecurity. CONCLUSIONS Despite widespread perception of adequate preparedness and high vaccine coverage, a considerable psychological impact and high levels of fear of COVID-19 were observed among the majority of OHP. Fully vaccinated individuals had a larger psychological burden than not fully vaccinated and those with unknown vaccination status. These findings can inform means and interventions to reduce negative impacts of fear in populations with a high psychological burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shabestari
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Eastern Norway (OHCE-E), Oslo, Norway.
| | - V E Ansteinsson
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Eastern Norway (OHCE-E), Oslo, Norway
| | - E A S Hovden
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Eastern Norway (OHCE-E), Oslo, Norway
| | | | - I Mdala
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Eastern Norway (OHCE-E), Oslo, Norway
| | | | - M M Uhlen-Strand
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Eastern Norway (OHCE-E), Oslo, Norway
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Hu L, Zhao S, Zhou J, Ou W, Wen J, Lu R. The influence of benefit finding on academic engagement among Chinese college students: A moderating effect model. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20245. [PMID: 37809830 PMCID: PMC10560010 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore how college students' academic engagement has changed in the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (hereinafter referred to as "in the outbreak"), this research will encompass more than just looking into the relationship among anxiety, benefit finding (BF) and academic engagement, but also involve evaluating how anxiety moderates the positive impact of BF on academic engagement. Method Among college students, this study comprised an online-based cross-sectional survey in cities where COVID-19 broke out. Convenience sampling method was used. The survey took place between November 10 and November 19, 2021, during which all the cities surveyed were in the outbreak. With language revision, scales include Student Version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-S), recompiled Benefit Finding Scale (BFS) and 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), as methods for gauging the academic engagement, BF and anxiety experienced by college students, respectively. Results Academic engagement in the outbreak is higher than that before the outbreak stage of COVID-19 (hereinafter referred to as "before the outbreak") (Z = -18.201, P < 0.001). Between anxiety and BF, a negative correlation can be observed in the outbreak (P = 0.001), whereas BF and anxiety have an adverse correlation with academic engagement (P < 0.001). The positive effect of BF on academic engagement will be debilitated by anxiety. Further analysis shows that college students who are close to medium-and high-risk areas, worried about the infection, unvaccinated and concerned about the epidemic, are more likely to be anxious (P < 0.001). Those with confidence in government's ability to prevent and control the epidemic, as well as increased trust in medical workers, have a higher BF (P < 0.001). Conclusions While COVID-19 could still exert adverse effects on psychology of college students, but it can also stimulate college students to perceive the meaning of life. In the outbreak, an increase in academic engagement seems to be a manifestation of growth in adversity. Compared with short-term negative emotional intervention, life meaning and gratitude in education may stimulate their potential ability for a longer time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmin Hu
- Department of Reproduction, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Shenyu Zhao
- Changzhou Third People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Reproduction, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Weiyan Ou
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Business School, ISCTE University Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1649-026, Portugal
| | - Juan Wen
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Renjie Lu
- Changzhou Third People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, Changzhou, 213000, China
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Business School, ISCTE University Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1649-026, Portugal
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Dong J, Chen J, Li Y, Huang X, Rong X, Chen L. Relationship Between Freshmen's Psychological Health and Family Economic Status in Chinese Universities: A Latent Profile Analysis. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3489-3502. [PMID: 37667735 PMCID: PMC10475299 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s424798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose With the rapid social changes, psychological health problems among freshmen in universities have become increasingly serious. Many researchers have studied the psychological health status of college freshmen using quantitative methods. However, most researchers have studied the psychological health of college freshmen by treating variables as the central concept and analysis unit, which has limitations on the variable-centered research method. Therefore, this study aims to explore the impact of family economic status and demographic variables on the psychological health of college freshmen, as well as the potential types of psychological health among college freshmen. Methods Based on the SCL-90 and the self-evaluation of the family economic status of college freshmen, latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to analyze the psychological health of 1497 college freshmen selected through a whole-group sampling method. Freshmen completed the questionnaire from October 18 to October 20, 2022. Then, multinomial logistic regression analysis and variance analysis were conducted using SPSS 25.0 to analyze the impact of family economic status and demographic variables on different psychological health subtypes of college freshmen from a university in Eastern China. Results There is obvious heterogeneity in the psychological health of college freshmen, which can be divided into three groups: psychological health group (69.54%), psychological distress group (24.65%), and psychological risk group (5.81%). The latent categories of psychological health among college freshmen differ by gender and family economic status. The psychological health status of female students is significantly better than that of male students. In addition, the lower the self-evaluation of family economic status of college freshmen, the lower their psychological health level. Conclusion Three categories of mental health exist for college freshmen, with significant group heterogeneity. Gender and family economic status significantly influenced mental health outcomes with female students faring better. The study's significance lies in providing useful recommendations for educational administrators and developing targeted interventions for college freshmen. Given the practical realities of mental health education efforts, personalized strategies that utilize peer support, counseling, and psychological services can be adopted to assist freshmen in acclimating to university life and maintaining mental wellness. The findings suggest considering the role of family economic status and gender in promoting mental health and the need for further research to develop comprehensive and effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Dong
- Mental Health Education Center, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Chen
- School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Mental Health Education Center, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Huang
- Mental Health Education Center, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Rong
- Mental Health Education Center, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- Mental Health Education Center, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Hasimi L, Ahmadi M, Hovyzian SA, Ahmadi A. Sense of Coherence or resilience as predictors of psychological distress in nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1233298. [PMID: 37663830 PMCID: PMC10472274 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1233298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic lead to the occurrence of numerous psychological distress among students. This study aimed to determine the level of psychological distress as well as the predictive role of Sense of Coherence (SOC) and resilience in nursing students. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 310 nursing students in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The data of the study was collected through the demographic information questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Academic Resilience Inventory (ARI), and the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13). Results Students' mean scores for the GHQ, ARI, and SOC were 5.81 ± 1.37, 102.88 ± 11.91, and 54.54 ± 6.46, respectively. Regression models showed that two domains of SOC [meaningfulness (β = -0.28, p < 0.001), manageability (β = -0.19, p = 0.001)], female gender (β = 0.12, p = 0.015), and overall ARI (β = -0.12, p = 0.037), were significantly associated with the GH of nursing students. SOC domains [meaningfulness (β = -0.19, p = 0.002), manageability (β = -0.15, p = 0.006)], problem-oriented/positive thinking domain of ARI (β = -0.15, p = 0.011), sex (β = 0.12, p = 0.015), and history of death in first-degree relatives (β = 0.12, p = 0.021) were significantly associated with social dysfunction domain of GH. Three domains of SOC [meaningfulness (β = -0.26, p < 0.001), manageability (β = -0.13, p = 0.032), and comprehensibility (β = -0.13, p = 0.039)], were significantly associated with psychological distress domain of GH. Conclusion Our results indicated that low SOC and resilience were predictors of psychological distress in nursing students. Accordingly, interventions such as teaching stress management skills, the skills of using positive coping methods in dealing with stressful situations, and self-management skills are necessary to improve the level of resilience and SOC in nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hasimi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Ahmadi
- Medical and Surgical Nursing Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shahla Assadi Hovyzian
- Medical and Surgical Nursing Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Department of Nursing, Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Wang X, Zhang J, Yang N, Zou M, He P. Stress and influencing factors of public health and preventive medicine students in the post-pandemic period: a cross-sectional study in Changsha, China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1227441. [PMID: 37588114 PMCID: PMC10427115 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1227441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Little is known about the stress levels and associated factors of public health and preventive medicine students in the post-pandemic period. This study aims to investigate the stress levels of these students in the post-COVID-19 era and to determine the association of personal background, employment attitude, and psychological state with stress. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in March 2023 among 620 public health and preventive medicine students from two universities in Changsha, China. The survey included demographic characteristics, employment attitudes, perceived stress scale 10, general anxiety disorder 7, the University of California at Los Angeles loneliness scale 20, and the PTSD checklist-civilian version. Two-sided t-tests and ANOVA tests were used to compare the differences in PSS scores among variables, and multiple hierarchical regression analysis was used to evaluate the associated factors with stress. Results The survey was completed by 504 students (mean age: 21.5 ± 2.6 years, 69.2% female). 24.8% of the students were screened for a high level of stress. 69.0% thought the epidemic positively impacted employment while 18.5% believed it had a negative impact. The results of regression analysis showed that older age (B = 0.42, p = 0.001), higher grade (B 1 = 3.59, p < 0.001, B 2 = 4.57, p < 0.001), having internship experiences (B = 1.16, p = 0.006), having anti-epidemic experiences (B = 1.77, p < 0.001), believing that COVID-19 has a negative impact on employment (B = 2.56, p < 0.001), and having higher GAD scores (B = 0.64, p < 0.001) and UCLA scores (B = 0.07, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with high-stress levels. Conversely, being female (B = -1.64, p < 0.001) and believing that the pandemic had a positive impact on employment (B = -1.98, p = 0.001) were associated with low-stress levels. Conclusion Public health and preventive medicine students in Changsha, China, experienced a high-stress level in the post-pandemic period, which was influenced by age, gender, grade, employment attitude, internship experience, anxiety, and loneliness. As one of the main guardians of the epidemic, these students should be given more attention and psychological interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Wang
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Miliang Zou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pingping He
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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48
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Chan JCK, Ahn D. Unproctored online exams provide meaningful assessment of student learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302020120. [PMID: 37487092 PMCID: PMC10400982 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the United States, the onset of COVID-19 triggered a nationwide lockdown, which forced many universities to move their primary assessments from invigilated in-person exams to unproctored online exams. This abrupt change occurred midway through the Spring 2020 semester, providing an unprecedented opportunity to investigate whether online exams can provide meaningful assessments of learning relative to in-person exams on a per-student basis. Here, we present data from nearly 2,000 students across 18 courses at a large Midwestern University. Using a meta-analytic approach in which we treated each course as a separate study, we showed that online exams produced scores that highly resembled those from in-person exams at an individual level despite the online exams being unproctored-as demonstrated by a robust correlation between online and in-person exam scores. Moreover, our data showed that cheating was either not widespread or ineffective at boosting scores, and the strong assessment value of online exams was observed regardless of the type of questions asked on the exam, the course level, academic discipline, or class size. We conclude that online exams, even when unproctored, are a viable assessment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dahwi Ahn
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50014
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Jancy SV, Lupitha SS, Chandrasekharan A, Varadarajan SN, Nelson-Sathi S, Prasad R, Jones S, Easwaran S, Darvin P, Sivasailam A, Santhoshkumar TR. A high-throughput screening system for SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibition, syncytia formation and cell toxicity. Biol Proced Online 2023; 25:22. [PMID: 37495994 PMCID: PMC10373420 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-023-00214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into the host cell is mediated through the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein via the receptor binding domain (RBD) to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). Identifying compounds that inhibit Spike-ACE2 binding would be a promising and safe antiviral approach against COVID-19. METHODS In this study, we used a BSL-2 compatible replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressing Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 with eGFP reporter system (VSV-eGFP-SARS-CoV-2) in a recombinant permissive cell system for high-throughput screening of viral entry blockers. The SARS-CoV-2 permissive reporter system encompasses cells that stably express hACE2-tagged cerulean and H2B tagged with mCherry, as a marker of nuclear condensation, which also enables imaging of fused cells among infected EGFP positive cells and could provide real-time information on syncytia formation. RESULTS A limited high-throughput screening identified six natural products that markedly inhibited VSV-eGFP-SARS-CoV-2 with minimum toxicity. Further studies of Spike-S1 binding using the permissive cells showed Scillaren A and 17-Aminodemethoxygeldanamycin could inhibit S1 binding to ACE2 among the six leads. A real-time imaging revealed delayed inhibition of syncytia by Scillaren A, Proscillaridin, Acetoxycycloheximide and complete inhibition by Didemnin B indicating that the assay is a reliable platform for any image-based drug screening. CONCLUSION A BSL-2 compatible assay system that is equivalent to the infectious SARS-CoV-2 is a promising tool for high-throughput screening of large compound libraries for viral entry inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 along with toxicity and effects on syncytia. Studies using clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2 are warranted to confirm the antiviral potency of the leads and the utility of the screening system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shine Varghese Jancy
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Santhik Subhasingh Lupitha
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Aneesh Chandrasekharan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Shankara Narayanan Varadarajan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Shijulal Nelson-Sathi
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Roshny Prasad
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Sara Jones
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Sreekumar Easwaran
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Pramod Darvin
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Aswathy Sivasailam
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Thankayyan Retnabai Santhoshkumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India.
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50
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Anteneh RM, Dessie AM, Azanaw MM, Anley DT, Melese BD, Feleke SF, Abebe TG, Muche AA. The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors among college and university students in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 2022. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1136031. [PMID: 37521996 PMCID: PMC10374415 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1136031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic is a human tragedy that occurred in this era. It poses an unprecedented psychological, social, economic, and health crisis. The mental health and well-being of entire societies are suffering as a result of this crisis, but the suffering is greater in students at all levels of education and must be addressed immediately. Thus, this study was aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of the psychological impact of COVID-19 among higher education students. Methods The potential studies were searched via PubMed, HINARI, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Studies were appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal checklist. Micro Soft Excel was used to extract the data, which was then exported to Stata version 14 for analysis. Heterogeneity between studies was tested using Cochrane statistics and the I2 test, and small-study effects were checked using Egger's statistical test. A random-effects model was employed to estimate the pooled prevalence of the psychological impact of COVID-19 and its associated factor. Results After reviewing 227 studies, eight fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of the psychological impact of Corona virus disease 19 among higher education students in Ethiopia, including depression, anxiety, and stress was 43.49% (95% CI: 29.59, 57.40%), 46.27% (95% CI: 32.77, 59.78%), and 31.43% (95% CI: 22.71, 40.15), respectively. Having a medical illness, being an urban resident, living with parents, having relative death due to pandemics, and having a non-health field of study were identified as significant associated factors for the impact of the pandemic in higher education students. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant psychological impact on college and university students. Depression, anxiety, and stress were the most commonly reported psychological impacts across studies among higher education students. Hence, applying tele-psychotherapy using, smartphones, and social media platforms has an effect on reducing the impact. Programs for preventing and controlling epidemics should be developed by the government and higher education institutions that incorporate mental health interventions and build resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Mulatie Anteneh
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Mengist Dessie
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Melkalem Mamuye Azanaw
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Denekew Tenaw Anley
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Biruk Demissie Melese
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Sefineh Fenta Feleke
- Department Public Health, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Tiruayehu Getinet Abebe
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Achenef Asmamaw Muche
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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