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Meyhoefer I, Sprenger A, Derad D, Grotegerd D, Leenings R, Leehr EJ, Breuer F, Surmann M, Rolfes K, Arolt V, Romer G, Lappe M, Rehder J, Koutsouleris N, Borgwardt S, Schultze-Lutter F, Meisenzahl E, Kircher TTJ, Keedy SS, Bishop JR, Ivleva EI, McDowell JE, Reilly JL, Hill SK, Pearlson GD, Tamminga CA, Keshavan MS, Gershon ES, Clementz BA, Sweeney JA, Hahn T, Dannlowski U, Lencer R. Evidence from comprehensive independent validation studies for smooth pursuit dysfunction as a sensorimotor biomarker for psychosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13859. [PMID: 38879556 PMCID: PMC11180169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Smooth pursuit eye movements are considered a well-established and quantifiable biomarker of sensorimotor function in psychosis research. Identifying psychotic syndromes on an individual level based on neurobiological markers is limited by heterogeneity and requires comprehensive external validation to avoid overestimation of prediction models. Here, we studied quantifiable sensorimotor measures derived from smooth pursuit eye movements in a large sample of psychosis probands (N = 674) and healthy controls (N = 305) using multivariate pattern analysis. Balanced accuracies of 64% for the prediction of psychosis status are in line with recent results from other large heterogenous psychiatric samples. They are confirmed by external validation in independent large samples including probands with (1) psychosis (N = 727) versus healthy controls (N = 292), (2) psychotic (N = 49) and non-psychotic bipolar disorder (N = 36), and (3) non-psychotic affective disorders (N = 119) and psychosis (N = 51) yielding accuracies of 65%, 66% and 58%, respectively, albeit slightly different psychosis syndromes. Our findings make a significant contribution to the identification of biologically defined profiles of heterogeneous psychosis syndromes on an individual level underlining the impact of sensorimotor dysfunction in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Meyhoefer
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer Campus 1, Build. A9a, 48149, Muenster, Germany
- Otto-Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf/LVR, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Sprenger
- Department of Neurology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - David Derad
- Department of Neurology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer Campus 1, Build. A9a, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ramona Leenings
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer Campus 1, Build. A9a, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J Leehr
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer Campus 1, Build. A9a, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Fabian Breuer
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer Campus 1, Build. A9a, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Marian Surmann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer Campus 1, Build. A9a, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Karen Rolfes
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer Campus 1, Build. A9a, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Volker Arolt
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer Campus 1, Build. A9a, 48149, Muenster, Germany
- Otto-Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Georg Romer
- Department of Child Adolescence Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Markus Lappe
- Otto-Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Johanna Rehder
- Institute of Psychology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf/LVR, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Meisenzahl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf/LVR, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Tilo T J Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sarah S Keedy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Bishop
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Elena I Ivleva
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer E McDowell
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - James L Reilly
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scot Kristian Hill
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, and Olin Research Center, Institute of Living/Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elliot S Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Brett A Clementz
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - John A Sweeney
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer Campus 1, Build. A9a, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer Campus 1, Build. A9a, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Rebekka Lencer
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer Campus 1, Build. A9a, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
- Otto-Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.
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Morita K, Miura K, Toyomaki A, Makinodan M, Ohi K, Hashimoto N, Yasuda Y, Mitsudo T, Higuchi F, Numata S, Yamada A, Aoki Y, Honda H, Mizui R, Honda M, Fujikane D, Matsumoto J, Hasegawa N, Ito S, Akiyama H, Onitsuka T, Satomura Y, Kasai K, Hashimoto R. Tablet-Based Cognitive and Eye Movement Measures as Accessible Tools for Schizophrenia Assessment: Multisite Usability Study. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e56668. [PMID: 38815257 PMCID: PMC11176872 DOI: 10.2196/56668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder characterized by significant cognitive and neurobiological alterations. Impairments in cognitive function and eye movement have been known to be promising biomarkers for schizophrenia. However, cognitive assessment methods require specialized expertise. To date, data on simplified measurement tools for assessing both cognitive function and eye movement in patients with schizophrenia are lacking. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the efficacy of a novel tablet-based platform combining cognitive and eye movement measures for classifying schizophrenia. METHODS Forty-four patients with schizophrenia, 67 healthy controls, and 41 patients with other psychiatric diagnoses participated in this study from 10 sites across Japan. A free-viewing eye movement task and 2 cognitive assessment tools (Codebreaker task from the THINC-integrated tool and the CognitiveFunctionTest app) were used for conducting assessments in a 12.9-inch iPad Pro. We performed comparative group and logistic regression analyses for evaluating the diagnostic efficacy of the 3 measures of interest. RESULTS Cognitive and eye movement measures differed significantly between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls (all 3 measures; P<.001). The Codebreaker task showed the highest classification effectiveness in distinguishing schizophrenia with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90. Combining cognitive and eye movement measures further improved accuracy with a maximum area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.94. Cognitive measures were more effective in differentiating patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls, whereas eye movement measures better differentiated schizophrenia from other psychiatric conditions. CONCLUSIONS This multisite study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of a tablet-based app for assessing cognitive functioning and eye movements in patients with schizophrenia. Our results suggest the potential of tablet-based assessments of cognitive function and eye movement as simple and accessible evaluation tools, which may be useful for future clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Morita
- Department of Rehabilitation, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Toyomaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Manabu Makinodan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Naoki Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Medical Corporation Foster, Kita-ku Osaka, Japan
| | - Takako Mitsudo
- Division of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Hizen Psychiatric Center, Kanzaki-gun, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Higuchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube City, Japan
| | - Shusuke Numata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Aoki
- Healthcare Innovation Group, Future Corporation, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Honda
- Healthcare Innovation Group, Future Corporation, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Mizui
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Masato Honda
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fujikane
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Naomi Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Satsuki Ito
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Hisashi Akiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihiro Satomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Diversity in Medical Education and Research, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
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Sadeghi R, Ressmeyer R, Yates J, Otero-Millan J. Open Iris - An Open Source Framework for Video-Based Eye-Tracking Research and Development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.27.582401. [PMID: 38463977 PMCID: PMC10925248 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.27.582401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Eye-tracking is an essential tool in many fields, yet existing solutions are often limited for customized applications due to cost or lack of flexibility. We present OpenIris, an adaptable and user-friendly open-source framework for video-based eye-tracking. OpenIris is developed in C# with modular design that allows further extension and customization through plugins for different hardware systems, tracking, and calibration pipelines. It can be remotely controlled via a network interface from other devices or programs. Eye movements can be recorded online from camera stream or offline post-processing recorded videos. Example plugins have been developed to track eye motion in 3-D, including torsion. Currently implemented binocular pupil tracking pipelines can achieve frame rates of more than 500Hz. With the OpenIris framework, we aim to fill a gap in the research tools available for high-precision and high-speed eye-tracking, especially in environments that require custom solutions that are not currently well-served by commercial eye-trackers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roksana Sadeghi
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ryan Ressmeyer
- Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jacob Yates
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jorge Otero-Millan
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Zheng Z, Liang L, Luo X, Chen J, Lin M, Wang G, Xue C. Diagnosing and tracking depression based on eye movement in response to virtual reality. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1280935. [PMID: 38374979 PMCID: PMC10875075 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1280935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Depression is a prevalent mental illness that is primarily diagnosed using psychological and behavioral assessments. However, these assessments lack objective and quantitative indices, making rapid and objective detection challenging. In this study, we propose a novel method for depression detection based on eye movement data captured in response to virtual reality (VR). Methods Eye movement data was collected and used to establish high-performance classification and prediction models. Four machine learning algorithms, namely eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), multilayer perceptron (MLP), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest, were employed. The models were evaluated using five-fold cross-validation, and performance metrics including accuracy, precision, recall, area under the curve (AUC), and F1-score were assessed. The predicted error for the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score was also determined. Results The XGBoost model achieved a mean accuracy of 76%, precision of 94%, recall of 73%, and AUC of 82%, with an F1-score of 78%. The MLP model achieved a classification accuracy of 86%, precision of 96%, recall of 91%, and AUC of 86%, with an F1-score of 92%. The predicted error for the PHQ-9 score ranged from -0.6 to 0.6.To investigate the role of computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (CCBT) in treating depression, participants were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received CCBT, while the control group received no treatment. After five CCBT sessions, significant changes were observed in the eye movement indices of fixation and saccade, as well as in the PHQ-9 scores. These two indices played significant roles in the predictive model, indicating their potential as biomarkers for detecting depression symptoms. Discussion The results suggest that eye movement indices obtained using a VR eye tracker can serve as useful biomarkers for detecting depression symptoms. Specifically, the fixation and saccade indices showed promise in predicting depression. Furthermore, CCBT demonstrated effectiveness in treating depression, as evidenced by the observed changes in eye movement indices and PHQ-9 scores. In conclusion, this study presents a novel approach for depression detection using eye movement data captured in VR. The findings highlight the potential of eye movement indices as biomarkers and underscore the effectiveness of CCBT in treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Zheng
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- School of Information Engineering, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou, China
| | - Lijuan Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiong Luo
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Information Engineering, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou, China
| | - Meirong Lin
- School of Information Engineering, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chenyang Xue
- School of Electronic Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Zachou A, Armenis G, Stamelos I, Stratigakou-Polychronaki E, Athanasopoulos F, Anagnostou E. Clinical utility of square-wave jerks in neurology and psychiatry. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 3:1302651. [PMID: 38983056 PMCID: PMC11182280 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1302651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Human eye fixation is steadily interrupted by small, physiological or abnormal, eye movements. Square-wave jerks (SWJ) are the most common saccadic intrusion which can be readily seen at the bedside and also quantified using oculographic techniques. Various neurological, neuropsychiatric and psychiatric disorders display abnormal fixational eye movement patterns characterized by frequent SWJ. For the clinician, SWJ are particularly important because they can be readily observed at the bedside. Here, we will discuss the pathological conditions that present with SWJ and explore the expanding body of literature suggesting that SWJ may serve as a potential indicator for various clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena Zachou
- Department of Neurology, University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Armenis
- Department of Neurology, University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Stamelos
- Department of Neurology, University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Evangelos Anagnostou
- Department of Neurology, University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Liu X, Cheng Z, Lin H, Tan J, Chen W, Bao Y, Liu Y, Zhong L, Yao Y, Wang L, Wang J, Gu Y. Decoding effects of psychoactive drugs in a high-dimensional space of eye movements in monkeys. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad255. [PMID: 38046372 PMCID: PMC10689211 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oculomotor behavior has been shown to be correlated with mental disorders in clinics, making it promising for disease diagnosis. Here we developed a thorough oculomotor test toolkit, involving saccade, smooth pursuit, and fixation, allowing the examination of multiple oculomotor parameters in monkey models induced by psychoactive drugs. Eye movements were recorded after daily injections of phencyclidine (PCP) (3.0 mg/kg), ketamine (0.8 mg/kg) or controlled saline in two macaque monkeys. Both drugs led to robust reduction in accuracy and increment in reaction time during high cognitive-demanding tasks. Saccades, smooth pursuit, and fixation stability were also significantly impaired. During fixation, the involuntary microsaccades exhibited increased amplitudes and were biased toward the lower visual field. Pupillary response was reduced during cognitive tasks. Both drugs also increased sensitivity to auditory cues as reflected in auditory evoked potentials (AEPs). Thus, our animal model induced by psychoactive drugs produced largely similar abnormalities to that in patients with schizophrenia. Importantly, a classifier based on dimension reduction and machine learning could reliably identify altered states induced by different drugs (PCP, ketamine and saline, accuracy = 93%). The high performance of the classifier was reserved even when data from one monkey were used for training and testing the other subject (averaged classification accuracy = 90%). Thus, despite heterogeneity in baseline oculomotor behavior between the two monkeys, our model allows data transferability across individuals, which could be beneficial for future evaluation of pharmaceutical or physical therapy validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | | | - He Lin
- The Third Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiangxiu Tan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenyao Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yichuan Bao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yitian Yao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Liping Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
- Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yong Gu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Tao Z, Sun N, Yuan Z, Chen Z, Liu J, Wang C, Li S, Ma X, Ji B, Li K. Research on a New Intelligent and Rapid Screening Method for Depression Risk in Young People Based on Eye Tracking Technology. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1415. [PMID: 37891784 PMCID: PMC10605395 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent mental disorder, with young people being particularly vulnerable to it. Therefore, we propose a new intelligent and rapid screening method for depression risk in young people based on eye tracking technology. We hypothesized that the "emotional perception of eye movement" could characterize defects in emotional perception, recognition, processing, and regulation in young people at high risk for depression. Based on this hypothesis, we designed the "eye movement emotional perception evaluation paradigm" and extracted digital biomarkers that could objectively and accurately evaluate "facial feature perception" and "facial emotional perception" characteristics of young people at high risk of depression. Using stepwise regression analysis, we identified seven digital biomarkers that could characterize emotional perception, recognition, processing, and regulation deficiencies in young people at high risk for depression. The combined effectiveness of an early warning can reach 0.974. Our proposed technique for rapid screening has significant advantages, including high speed, high early warning efficiency, low cost, and high intelligence. This new method provides a new approach to help effectively screen high-risk individuals for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanbo Tao
- Police Sports Department, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Joint Laboratory of Police Health Smart Surveillance, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ningxia Sun
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Zeyuan Chen
- Joint Laboratory of Police Health Smart Surveillance, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiakang Liu
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shuwu Li
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiaowen Ma
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Bin Ji
- Department of Radiopharmacy and Molecular Imaging, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kai Li
- Joint Laboratory of Police Health Smart Surveillance, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Sandström A, Bixo M, Bäckström T, Möller A, Turkmen S. Altered GABA A receptor function in women with endometriosis: a possible pain-related mechanism. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2023; 102:1316-1322. [PMID: 36944570 PMCID: PMC10541155 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mechanism underlying endometriosis-related pain remains poorly understood. Previous studies have indicated that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A (GABAA ) receptors and GABAergic substances (eg endogenous neurosteroids) play important mechanistic roles in various pain conditions. Our primary objective was to compare GABAA receptor function between women with endometriosis and healthy controls by performing a challenge test with diazepam, a GABAA receptor agonist, using the saccadic eye velocity as the main outcome. The secondary objective was to investigate the relation between GABAA receptor function and serum levels of allopregnanolone, an endogenous positive modulator of the GABAA receptor, in the participating women. MATERIAL AND METHODS 15 women with pelvic pain and laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis and 10 healthy, symptom-free, control women, aged 18-40 years, underwent the diazepam challenge test during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Basal serum allopregnanolone levels were measured prior to diazepam injection. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, women with pelvic pain and confirmed endometriosis had a significantly smaller change in saccadic eye velocity after GABAA receptor stimulation with diazepam, indicating lower sensitivity to diazepam. The saccadic eye velocity response was not correlated with the serum allopregnanolone levels. CONCLUSIONS Women with painful endometriosis show altered GABAA receptor function, depicted as a muted response to an exogenous GABAA receptor agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Sandström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and GynecologyUmea UniversityUmeaSweden
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySundsvall County HospitalSundsvallSweden
| | - Marie Bixo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and GynecologyUmea UniversityUmeaSweden
| | - Torbjörn Bäckström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and GynecologyUmea UniversityUmeaSweden
| | - Anna Möller
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyStockholm South General HospitalStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical Science and EducationKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Sahruh Turkmen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and GynecologyUmea UniversityUmeaSweden
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySundsvall County HospitalSundsvallSweden
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9
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Böing S, Ten Brink AF, Hoogerbrugge AJ, Oudman E, Postma A, Nijboer TCW, Van der Stigchel S. Eye Movements as Proxy for Visual Working Memory Usage: Increased Reliance on the External World in Korsakoff Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113630. [PMID: 37297825 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the assessment of visual working memory, estimating the maximum capacity is currently the gold standard. However, traditional tasks disregard that information generally remains available in the external world. Only when to-be-used information is not readily accessible, memory is taxed. Otherwise, people sample information from the environment as a form of cognitive offloading. To investigate how memory deficits impact the trade-off between sampling externally or storing internally, we compared gaze behaviour of individuals with Korsakoff amnesia (n = 24, age range 47-74 years) and healthy controls (n = 27, age range 40-81 years) on a copy task that provoked different strategies by having information freely accessible (facilitating sampling) or introducing a gaze-contingent waiting time (provoking storing). Indeed, patients sampled more often and longer, compared to controls. When sampling became time-consuming, controls reduced sampling and memorised more. Patients also showed reduced and longer sampling in this condition, suggesting an attempt at memorisation. Importantly, however, patients sampled disproportionately more often than controls, whilst accuracy dropped. This finding suggests that amnesia patients sample frequently and do not fully compensate for increased sampling costs by memorising more at once. In other words, Korsakoff amnesia resulted in a heavy reliance on the world as 'external memory'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Böing
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antonia F Ten Brink
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alex J Hoogerbrugge
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Oudman
- Korsakoff Center of Expertise Slingedael, 3086 EZ Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Postma
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Korsakoff Center of Expertise Slingedael, 3086 EZ Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja C W Nijboer
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, 3583 TM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Van der Stigchel
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Wang Y, Li X, Yan H, Zhang Q, Ou Y, Wu W, Shangguan W, Chen W, Yu Y, Liang J, Wu W, Liao H, Liu Z, Mai X, Xie G, Guo W. Multiple examinations indicated associations between abnormal regional homogeneity and cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1090181. [PMID: 36778176 PMCID: PMC9909210 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1090181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the relationships between regional neural activity and multiple related indicators in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods Forty-two patients and 42 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Pearson/Spearman correlation analyses were applied to examine the associations between abnormal regional homogeneity (ReHo) and different indicators in the patients. Results Compared with HCs, patients with MDD had increased ReHo in the left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) and decreased ReHo values in the left putamen, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and precentral gyrus. The ReHo of the left putamen was positively correlated with the PR interval, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status 4A, and Discriminant analysis (D), and negatively correlated with Ae (block) and Ae (total) in the patients. The ReHo value of the left ACC was positively correlated with the severity of depression, Stroop Color Word Test of C - 2B + 100 in reaction time, and negatively correlated with Ce (Missay) and Perseverative Responses in the patients. The ReHo of the left ITG was positively correlated with the Neuroticism scores and negatively correlated with the Lie scores in the patients. Conclusion These results suggested that the decreased ReHo of the salience network might be the underpinning of cognitive impairments in patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Haohao Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qinqin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangpan Ou
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weibin Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Webo Shangguan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Wensheng Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaquan Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanting Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hairong Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zishan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiancong Mai
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Guojun Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Guojun Xie, ✉
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Wenbin Guo, ✉
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11
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Petelin DS, Volel' BA. [Recent approaches to the diagnosis and therapy of monopolar depression]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:33-41. [PMID: 37966437 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312310133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Unipolar depression is one of the most significant biomedical problems, which is associated with its high prevalence, a pronounced negative impact on the level of work capacity of the population, worsening of the course of most somatic and neurological diseases, and suicide risk. This review presents current data on approaches to the diagnosis of monopolar depression, both classical (clinical and psychometric) and using modern technologies. The existing approaches to the therapy of monopolar depression - psychopharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, and non-drug biological approaches - are discussed. The advantages of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline are presented, and its use as a first-line drug is justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Petelin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - B A Volel'
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Zhang D, Liu X, Xu L, Li Y, Xu Y, Xia M, Qian Z, Tang Y, Liu Z, Chen T, Liu H, Zhang T, Wang J. Effective differentiation between depressed patients and controls using discriminative eye movement features. J Affect Disord 2022; 307:237-243. [PMID: 35390355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common debilitating mental disorder caused by various factors. Identifying and diagnosing depression are challenging because the clinical evaluation of depression is mainly subjective, lacking objective and quantitative indicators. The present study investigated the value and significance of eye movement measurements in distinguishing depressed patients from controls. METHODS Ninety-five depressed patients and sixty-nine healthy controls performed three eye movement tests, including fixation stability, free-viewing, and anti-saccade tests, and eleven eye movement indexes were obtained from these tests. The independent t-test was adopted for group comparisons, and multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to identify diagnostic biomarkers. Support vector machine (SVM), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), and Bayesian (BYS) algorithms were applied to build the classification models. RESULTS Depressed patients exhibited eye movement anomalies, characterized by increased saccade amplitude in the fixation stability test; diminished saccade velocity in the anti-saccade test; and reduced saccade amplitude, shorter scan path length, lower saccade velocity, decreased dynamic range of pupil size, and lower pupil size ratio in the free-viewing test. Four features mentioned above entered the logistic regression equation. The classification accuracies of SVM, QDA, and BYS models reached 86.0%, 81.1%, and 83.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Depressed patients exhibited abnormalities across multiple tests of eye movements, assisting in differentiating depressed patients from healthy controls in a cost-effective and non-invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Xu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Lihua Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Mengqing Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Zhenying Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Zhi Liu
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Senior Research Fellow, Labor and Worklife Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Big Data Research Lab, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Niacin (Shanghai) Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - HaiChun Liu
- Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - TianHong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Onitsuka T, Hirano Y, Nemoto K, Hashimoto N, Kushima I, Koshiyama D, Koeda M, Takahashi T, Noda Y, Matsumoto J, Miura K, Nakazawa T, Hikida T, Kasai K, Ozaki N, Hashimoto R. Trends in big data analyses by multicenter collaborative translational research in psychiatry. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 76:1-14. [PMID: 34716732 PMCID: PMC9306748 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The underlying pathologies of psychiatric disorders, which cause substantial personal and social losses, remain unknown, and their elucidation is an urgent issue. To clarify the core pathological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders, in addition to laboratory-based research that incorporates the latest findings, it is necessary to conduct large-sample-size research and verify reproducibility. For this purpose, it is critical to conduct multicenter collaborative research across various fields, such as psychiatry, neuroscience, molecular biology, genomics, neuroimaging, cognitive science, neurophysiology, psychology, and pharmacology. Moreover, collaborative research plays an important role in the development of young researchers. In this respect, the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium and Cognitive Genetics Collaborative Research Organization (COCORO) have played important roles. In this review, we first overview the importance of multicenter collaborative research and our target psychiatric disorders. Then, we introduce research findings on the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders from neurocognitive, neurophysiological, neuroimaging, genetic, and basic neuroscience perspectives, focusing mainly on the findings obtained by COCORO. It is our hope that multicenter collaborative research will contribute to the elucidation of the pathological basis of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Onitsuka
- Department of Neuroimaging Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoki Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiko Koeda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tama Nagayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Hikida
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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St Clair D, MacLennan G, Beedie SA, Nouzová E, Lemmon H, Rujescu D, Benson PJ, McIntosh A, Nath M. Eye Movement Patterns Can Distinguish Schizophrenia From the Major Affective Disorders and Healthy Control Subjects. SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN OPEN 2022; 3:sgac032. [PMID: 35669867 PMCID: PMC9155263 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and hypothesis No objective tests are currently available to help diagnosis of major psychiatric disorders. This study evaluates the potential of eye movement behavior patterns to predict schizophrenia subjects compared to those with major affective disorders and control groups. Study design Eye movements were recorded from a training set of UK subjects with schizophrenia (SCZ; n = 120), bipolar affective disorder (BPAD; n = 141), major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 136), and healthy controls (CON; n = 142), and from a hold-out set of 133 individuals with proportional group sizes. A German cohort of SCZ (n = 60) and a Scottish cohort of CON subjects (n = 184) acted as a second semi-independent test set. All patients met DSMIV and ICD10 criteria for SCZ, BPAD, and MDD. Data from 98 eye movement features were extracted. We employed a gradient boosted (GB) decision tree multiclass classifier to develop a predictive model. We calculated the area under the curve (AUC) as the primary performance metric. Study results Estimates of AUC in one-versus-all comparisons were: SCZ (0.85), BPAD (0.78), MDD (0.76), and CON (0.85). Estimates on part-external validation were SCZ (0.89) and CON (0.65). In all cases, there was good specificity but only moderate sensitivity. The best individual discriminators included free viewing, fixation duration, and smooth pursuit tasks. The findings appear robust to potential confounders such as age, sex, medication, or mental state at the time of testing. Conclusions Eye movement patterns can discriminate schizophrenia from major mood disorders and control subjects with around 80% predictive accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David St Clair
- Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Clinical Research Centre, Royal Cornhill Hospital, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Graeme MacLennan
- Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials (CHaRT), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sara A Beedie
- Clinical Research Centre, Royal Cornhill Hospital, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Eva Nouzová
- Clinical Research Centre, Royal Cornhill Hospital, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Helen Lemmon
- Clinical Research Centre, Royal Cornhill Hospital, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philip J Benson
- Department of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Andrew McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mintu Nath
- Medical Statistics Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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15
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Wen M, Dong Z, Zhang L, Li B, Zhang Y, Li K. Depression and Cognitive Impairment: Current Understanding of Its Neurobiology and Diagnosis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:2783-2794. [PMID: 36471744 PMCID: PMC9719265 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s383093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eye movement is critical for obtaining precise visual information and providing sensorimotor processes and advanced cognitive functions to the brain behavioral indicator. METHODS In this article, we present a narrative review of the eye-movement paradigms (such as fixation, smooth pursuit eye movements, and memory-guided saccade tasks) in major depression. RESULTS Characteristics of eye movement are considered to reflect several aspects of cognitive deficits regarded as an aid to diagnosis. Findings regarding depressive disorders showed differences from the healthy population in paradigms, the characteristics of eye movement may reflect cognitive deficits in depression. Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of different eye movement paradigms for MDD screening. CONCLUSION Depression can be distinguished from other mental illnesses based on eye movements. Eye movement reflects cognitive deficits that can help diagnose depression, and it can make the entire diagnostic process more accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wen
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Li
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunshu Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqing Li
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Baoding, People's Republic of China
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16
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Ćosić K, Popović S, Šarlija M, Kesedžić I, Gambiraža M, Dropuljić B, Mijić I, Henigsberg N, Jovanovic T. AI-Based Prediction and Prevention of Psychological and Behavioral Changes in Ex-COVID-19 Patients. Front Psychol 2021; 12:782866. [PMID: 35027902 PMCID: PMC8751545 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.782866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has adverse consequences on human psychology and behavior long after initial recovery from the virus. These COVID-19 health sequelae, if undetected and left untreated, may lead to more enduring mental health problems, and put vulnerable individuals at risk of developing more serious psychopathologies. Therefore, an early distinction of such vulnerable individuals from those who are more resilient is important to undertake timely preventive interventions. The main aim of this article is to present a comprehensive multimodal conceptual approach for addressing these potential psychological and behavioral mental health changes using state-of-the-art tools and means of artificial intelligence (AI). Mental health COVID-19 recovery programs at post-COVID clinics based on AI prediction and prevention strategies may significantly improve the global mental health of ex-COVID-19 patients. Most COVID-19 recovery programs currently involve specialists such as pulmonologists, cardiologists, and neurologists, but there is a lack of psychiatrist care. The focus of this article is on new tools which can enhance the current limited psychiatrist resources and capabilities in coping with the upcoming challenges related to widespread mental health disorders. Patients affected by COVID-19 are more vulnerable to psychological and behavioral changes than non-COVID populations and therefore they deserve careful clinical psychological screening in post-COVID clinics. However, despite significant advances in research, the pace of progress in prevention of psychiatric disorders in these patients is still insufficient. Current approaches for the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders largely rely on clinical rating scales, as well as self-rating questionnaires that are inadequate for comprehensive assessment of ex-COVID-19 patients' susceptibility to mental health deterioration. These limitations can presumably be overcome by applying state-of-the-art AI-based tools in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of psychiatric disorders in acute phase of disease to prevent more chronic psychiatric consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krešimir Ćosić
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Siniša Popović
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Šarlija
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Kesedžić
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mate Gambiraža
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branimir Dropuljić
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Mijić
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neven Henigsberg
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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