1
|
Alsulami M, Almukhlifi Y, Alsulami A, Al Nufaiei ZF, Alruwaili A, Alanazy A. Implementing Prehospital Ultrasound at the Saudi Red Crescent Authority: Perceived Barriers and Training Needs. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:2871-2878. [PMID: 38881755 PMCID: PMC11180463 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s457429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examines the inherent barriers to implementing prehospital ultrasound within the Saudi Red Crescent Authority (SRCA) in Saudi Arabia. Methods A qualitative study was conducted to explore the perceived barriers, mode of transportation, ultrasound familiarity, and self-efficacy level of relevant stakeholders in implementing the prehospital ultrasound in SRCA. Data was collected via surveys and interviews with 24 SRCA paramedics/EMTs, 4 SRCA station administrators, and two hospital physicians to further examine the inherent barriers of implementing the prehospital ultrasound. Results Thematic analysis revealed the main barriers were costs of ultrasound equipment, environmental factors affecting image capture, and lack of training in ultrasound skills and interpretation. Administrators and physicians also noted concerns about machine portability and technical maintenance. Stakeholders agreed ultrasound could improve trauma diagnosis if barriers were addressed through extensive training and protocols. In prehospital care setting, the two main modes of transportation are "stay and play", involving on-scene interventions before transport, and "load and go", prioritizing rapid transport to the hospital, with the choice depending on various factors. An overwhelming 96% of paramedics/EMTs preferred a 'stay and play' approach to stabilize patients before transport, while 75% of administrators preferred 'load and go' for rapid transport to hospitals. 62.5% of paramedics were familiar with ultrasound, but only 20.8% had previously used it. Conclusion This study provides important insights into stakeholder perspectives on the implementation of prehospital ultrasound within the Saudi Red Crescent Authority. The findings can guide efforts to implement appropriate ultrasound use through tailored training programs and enhanced coordination across groups, aimed at improving trauma outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maher Alsulami
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Educational Leadership Program, School of Education, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yasir Almukhlifi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Alsulami
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad F Al Nufaiei
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alruwaili
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alanazy
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xiao Y, Lin L, Zhou H, Tan Q, Wang J, Yang Y, Xu Z. Fatal crashes and rare events logistic regression: an exploratory empirical study. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1294338. [PMID: 38249366 PMCID: PMC10796722 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1294338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Fatal road accidents are statistically rare, posing challenges for accurate estimation through the classic logit model (LM). This study seeks to validate the efficacy of a rare events logistic model (RELM) in enhancing the precision of fatal crash estimations. Methods Both LM and RELM were employed to examine the relationship between pertinent risk factors and the incidence of fatal crashes. Crash-injury datasets sourced from Hillsborough County, Florida served as the empirical basis for evaluating the performance metrics of both LM and RELM. Results The analysis revealed that RELM yielded more accurate predictions of fatal crashes compared to LM. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed, and the area under the curve (AUC) for each model was computed to offer a comparative performance assessment. The empirical evidence notably favored RELM over LM as substantiated by superior AUC values. Conclusion The study offers empirical validation that RELM is demonstrably more proficient in predicting fatal crashes than the LM, thereby recommending its application for nuanced traffic safety analytics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxie Xiao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Consulting Department, Changsha Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Lulu Lin
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanchu Zhou
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Tan
- Engineering Consulting Department, Changsha Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Institute of Transportation System Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongzhi Xu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Amir A, Amir B, Alghannam A, Abdeen T, Al-Howaish A, Alsheniber R, Al-Mulhim A, Alfaraj D. Analysis of road traffic injuries presented to the emergency department in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: a hospital-based study. J Med Life 2023; 16:1825-1838. [PMID: 38585522 PMCID: PMC10994613 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of road traffic injuries (RTIs) has contributed to the disability and death of millions of people on both a national and global level. This retrospective study was conducted at King Fahad University Hospital (KFUH), Khobar, Saudi Arabia, and included all patients who presented at the emergency department due to road traffic accidents (RTAs) between January 1st, 2022, and December 31st, 2022. Patient data was retrieved from the health information system at KFUH. Descriptive and inferential analysis were performed with several variables analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and factorial ANOVA (MANOVA). During this period, 921 patients were treated at the hospital's emergency department. Of these, 611 (66.3%) were men and 310 (33.7%) were women. The most frequently affected age group was 16-25, representing 427 (46.4%) cases. Most patients were Saudi citizens (837, 90.9%). Among the patients, 19 (2.1%) required surgical treatment within 24 hours of the RTA, and 29 (3.1%) were admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU). There were eight fatalities, representing 0.9% of the cases. January had the highest number of RTAs (12.7%). Moreover, 463 individuals (50.3%) had some form of injury, the most common type being lacerations and abrasions (n=228, 24.8%). Upper limb fractures were the most frequent type of fracture, occurring in 73 cases (7.9%). Being male (P=0.001), non-Saudi (P=0.014), and experiencing accidents during June and July (P=0.002) were associated with an increased prevalence of injury. Mortality had a statistically significant relationship with different patient age groups (P=0.014), patient citizenship (P=0.005), and length of hospital stay (P<0.001).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amaar Amir
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baraa Amir
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Alghannam
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tareq Abdeen
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Howaish
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan Alsheniber
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Mulhim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dunya Alfaraj
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Atallah H, Qureshi AZ, Msechu Z. Satisfaction of individuals with partial-hand amputations after they were fitted with cosmetic silicone prostheses. Prosthet Orthot Int 2023; 47:288-292. [PMID: 36705663 DOI: 10.1097/pxr.0000000000000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partial-hand amputations are the most common level of upper-limb amputations which can lead to cosmetic and functional problems. Partial-hand amputations can be acquired or congenital. Cosmetic silicone prostheses are used in the management of partial-hand amputation; however, a literature review shows that most of the studies are on the fabrication of prosthesis, and data remain deficient on the satisfaction of users with silicone prostheses. OBJECTIVES To assess the satisfaction of individuals after they were fitted with cosmetic silicone prostheses for partial-hand amputations. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Fifty-four participants with partial-hand amputations and who received cosmetic silicone prostheses participated in the survey using the validated Arabic version of the Client Satisfaction with Device (CSD-Ar). RESULTS Nearly half of the participants were using their silicone prosthesis daily. Most of the patients reported satisfaction with durability and donning, whereas most of the patients were dissatisfied with comfort. The mean of CSD-Ar total score was 16.8 ± 4.7 of 32. The CSD-Ar total score was significantly associated with the side of amputation ( p -value = 0.014) and usage of prosthesis ( p -value < 0.001). CONCLUSION The satisfaction of individuals with partial-hand amputations can be enhanced by fitting them with cosmetic silicone prostheses. However, these prostheses should meet certain criteria including fitting, weight, comfort, donning, appearance, durability, skin abrasion and irritation, and pain. Individuals' expectations and concerns should be considered as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huthaifa Atallah
- Rehabilitation Technology Department, Rehabilitation Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Zaheer Qureshi
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Rehabilitation Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zidikheri Msechu
- Rehabilitation Technology Department, Rehabilitation Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alghnam S, Alghamdi M, Alzahrani S, Alzomai S, Alghannam A, Albabtain I, Alsheikh K, Bajowaiber M, Alghamdi A, Alibrahim F, Aldibasi O. The prevalence of long-term rehabilitation following motor-vehicle crashes in Saudi Arabia: a multicenter study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:202. [PMID: 35241048 PMCID: PMC8895876 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Saudi Arabia, motor-vehicle crashes (MVC) are the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). There is limited information locally on the magnitude and need for rehabilitation following MVC. This study examined the prevalence of MVC patients requiring long-term rehabilitation and the epidemiology of associated injuries. Methods A retrospective study was conducted at four hospitals of the National Guard Hospitals Affairs from January 2016 to March 2019. The study used data from an institutional trauma registry of all MVC admissions. Chi-square tests, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to compare patients requiring long-term and short-term rehabilitation. Results The study included 506 patients. The study population was relatively young, with an average age was 32.8 ± 15.5 years, and the majority were males. Over two-thirds (71.3%) of patients required long-term rehabilitation. Half the patients sustained multiple fractures, and 17.0% sustained traumatic brain injuries. Overall, 53.1 and 61.8% of patients required occupational and physiotherapy, respectively. Those admitted to the intensive care unit were four times more likely to need long-term rehabilitation. Conclusions We found a significant burden of long-term rehabilitation following MVC. Patients were relatively young, thus posing a significant burden on future healthcare utilization. Policymakers should use these findings to guide primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention to improve health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Alghnam
- Population Health Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mashael Alghamdi
- Population Health Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alzahrani
- Population Health Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sufyan Alzomai
- Population Health Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulah Alghannam
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center , Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Albabtain
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alsheikh
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Orthopedics, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miasem Bajowaiber
- National Center for Road Safety, Ministry of Transportation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- National Center for Road Safety, Ministry of Transportation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Omar Aldibasi
- Biostatistics Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Real-Time Security Health and Privacy Monitoring for Saudi Highways Using Cutting-Edge Technologies. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12042177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) highways hold the record for having the straightest, longest highways in the world. Since the country’s major population centers are dispersed across the country and due to the country’s geography, which includes valleys, deserts, and mountains, among other landscapes, these highways connect the many cities of the kingdom and neighboring nations. However, it is still challenging to provide emergency assistance in a timely way in the case of accidents, such as first aid, medical aid, police protection, etc. The transport ministry is actively working on improvements and safety features for the drivers. This research proposes a CET (cutting-edge technologies)-based model named the real-time security, health, and privacy monitoring model for passenger safety (RTSHPMP) for securing the traveler’s safety and privacy besides medical and legal help. The vehicle will be equipped with IoT-based front-back cameras to collect real-time data and share it with the cloud using 5G network. The local and national trusted authorities (TAs) will monitor the collected cloud data and inform the government machinery (police, first aid, fire brigade, hospitals) in the case of an accident. In addition, the data collected through other vehicles on the road at the time of the incident will help supply evidence linked to the accident. The RTSHPMP was evaluated with the help of a case study, and the results show that it provides an efficient and secure mechanism for traveler safety on Saudi highways at the time of need.
Collapse
|
7
|
Alghnam S, Alqahtani MM, Alzahrani HA, Alqahtani AS, Albabtain IT, Alsheikh KA, Alatwi MK, Alkelya MA. Cost of healthcare rehabilitation services following road traffic injuries: Results from a Level-I trauma center in Saudi Arabia. J Family Community Med 2022; 29:1-7. [PMID: 35197722 PMCID: PMC8802726 DOI: 10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_323_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are the second leading cause of mortality in Saudi Arabia. The high rate of RTIs puts a strain on rehabilitation services. Yet, little is known of the economic burden of nonfatal RTIs and rehabilitation services. This study, therefore, aims to describe the annual rehabilitation costs associated with RTIs at a local trauma center. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted among all the 17 years or older patients hospitalized at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh following RTIs and required rehabilitation care. We included 299 patients who met the inclusion criteria and were followed for one year after discharge from the index hospital. The data was abstracted through retrospective review of patients' medical records. All rehabilitative services utilized by the healthcare system were recorded. To describe the economic burden, the mean, median, standard deviation, and interquartile range (IQR) were calculated. Total costs were aggregated for all patients to estimate overall costs. RESULTS The study population was relatively young (31 years ± 14.4). The total annual rehabilitation cost of patients was Saudi Riyals (SAR) 6,113,781 (IQR: 20,589.3 - 3,125 = 17,464.3), and the average for each patient was SAR 20,447 (median = 7875). Patients aged 40-59 years and ≥60 years accounted for the highest average rehabilitation cost of SAR 31,563.99 and 32,639.21, respectively. Rehabilitation visits incurred the highest cost (mean SAR 1,494,124), followed by bed utilization which cost SAR 1,311,972 and radiology examination at SAR 1,032,261. The cost of motorcycle injuries was relatively higher (SAR 44,441.0) than other injury mechanisms. CONCLUSION This study underlines the economic burden of rehabilitation services resulting from RTIs. Public health interventions are needed to reduce the burden of RTIs by dealing with their preventable causes and improving road safety measures. These findings may be useful to policymakers and researchers to support and improve rehabilitation services in Saudi Arabia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Alghnam
- Department of Health, Population Health Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU HS), Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal M. Alqahtani
- Department of Health, Population Health Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU HS), Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam A. Alzahrani
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulfattah S. Alqahtani
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim T. Albabtain
- Departments of Surgery and Orthopedics, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A. Alsheikh
- Departments of Surgery and Orthopedics, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed K. Alatwi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, King Fahad Medical City (KFMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Al-Ahmadi HM, Jamal A, Ahmed T, Rahman MT, Reza I, Farooq D. Calibrating the Highway Safety Manual Predictive Models for Multilane Rural Highway Segments in Saudi Arabia. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-05944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
9
|
Health Status and Barriers to Healthcare Access among "Son-in-Law Westerners": A Qualitative Case Study in the Northeast of Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111017. [PMID: 34769537 PMCID: PMC8583070 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The northeast of Thailand is well-known as a popular destination where many male Westerners marry Thai women and settle down there. However, little is known about their health and well-being. This study aims to explore the Western husbands’ health status and identify barriers hindering their healthcare access. A qualitative case study was conducted from November 2020 to May 2021. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 42 key informants who were involved with social and health issues among these expatriates were carried out. The social determinants framework was adapted for guiding the interviews. Data were triangulated with field notes, document reviews, and researchers’ observations. Inductive thematic analysis was applied. Results showed that most male expatriates who married Thai women in the northeast were in their retirement years and had non-communicable diseases, health risk behaviors, and mental health problems. Most of them did not purchase health insurance and held negative impressions toward Thai public hospitals’ quality of care, which was denoted as the main barrier to accessing healthcare services. Other significant barriers consisted of high treatment costs commonly charged by private hospitals and language issues. While the improvement of healthcare quality and the provision of friendly health services are important, public communication with foreign residents, especially male expatriates, is recommended to increase understanding and improve perceptions of the Thai healthcare systems. A regular population-based survey on the health and well-being of expatriates in Thailand, a cost study of a health insurance package, a survey study on willingness to pay for health insurance premiums, and a feasibility survey exploring the opportunity to establish either voluntary or compulsory health insurance among this group should be undertaken.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Road traffic crashes represent a substantial global public health issue. In Saudi Arabia, which is the focus area of this research, road traffic crashes kill over 130,000 people annually, accounting for almost 5% of deaths in that country. A cross-sectional study with 316 participants holding a valid Saudi driver’s license was conducted via the internet from December 2019 to March 2020 to collect information about the prevalence of risky driving habits among Saudi drivers. The sample was predominantly men and aged between 20 and 39, which is representative of the population of drivers in Saudi Arabia. Drivers generally reported engaging in safe behaviors, although they did state that they drove above the legal speed limit, drove aggressively around slow drivers, and became distracted while driving with some frequency. Multivariate analyses suggested men took more risks than women and younger drivers took more risks than older ones. We conclude that the behavior among drivers in Saudi Arabia generally matches those in other cultures and countries, with men and young adults taking the most risks while driving. Preventative strategies should be developed and implemented in Saudi Arabia.
Collapse
|
11
|
Jamal A, Zahid M, Tauhidur Rahman M, Al-Ahmadi HM, Almoshaogeh M, Farooq D, Ahmad M. Injury severity prediction of traffic crashes with ensemble machine learning techniques: a comparative study. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2021; 28:408-427. [PMID: 34060410 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2021.1928233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of injury severity risk factors is fundamental to improving crash prediction and effective implementation of appropriate mitigation strategies. Traditional statistical models widely used in this regard have predefined correlation and intrinsic assumptions, which, if flouted, may yield biased predictions. The present study investigates the possibility of using the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model compared with few traditional machine learning algorithms (logistic regression, random forest, and decision tree) for crash injury severity analysis. The data used in this study was obtained from the traffic safety department, ministry of transport (MOT) at Riyadh, KSA, and contains 13,546 motor vehicle collisions along 15 rural highways reported between January 2017 to December 2019. Empirical results obtained using k-fold (k = 10) for various performance metrics showed that the XGBoost technique outperformed other models in terms of the collective predictive performance as well as injury severity individual class accuracies. XGBoost feature importance analysis indicated that collision type, weather status, road surface conditions, on-site damage type, lighting conditions, and vehicle type are the few sensitive variables in predicting the crash injury severity outcome. Finally, a comparative analysis of XGBoost based on different performance statistics showed that our model outperformed most previous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Jamal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- College of Metropolitan Transportation, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Tauhidur Rahman
- Department of City and Regional Planning, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan M Al-Ahmadi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal Almoshaogeh
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Danish Farooq
- Department of Transport Technology and Economics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar (Bannu Campus), Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Ahmad
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar (Bannu Campus), Peshawar, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ullah S, Bin Ayaz S, Moukais IS, Qureshi AZ, Alumri T, Wani TA, Aldajani AA. Factors affecting functional outcomes of traumatic brain injury rehabilitation at a rehabilitation facility in Saudi Arabia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 25:169-175. [PMID: 32683395 PMCID: PMC8015482 DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2020.3.20190097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To identify the factors that affect disability after inpatient rehabilitation (IPR) in persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: This retrospective study identified 140 patients aged ≥16 years who were admitted to the TBI rehabilitation unit at King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between 2015 and 2017. The collected data included demographic variables, TBI cause, coma duration, time from injury to IPR, LOS, and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores at IPR admission and discharge. Results: Majority of the patients were young males. The TBI was caused by motor vehicle accidents (MVA) in 95% of patients. The mean coma duration, time from injury to IPR admission, and LOS were 47±38, 264±357, and 75±52 days, respectively. The factors that were found to have an association with FIM change were time from injury to IPR admission (p=0.003, r=-0.250), admission FIM score (p=0.003, r=-0.253), and discharge FIM score (p<0.001, r=0.390). Employed patients had high FIM scores at admission (p=0.029, r=0.184) and discharge (p=0.003, r=0.252). Conclusion: Reduction in disability at discharge was positively associated with the severity of disability at admission and negatively with the time duration from injury to IPR admission, indicating a need to reduce time before admittance to an IPR setup. The high incidence of MVA causing TBI in a young male population strongly points to a need for appropriate measures of prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Ullah
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Road Traffic Injuries and Related Safety Measures: A Multicentre Analysis at Military Hospitals in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. Emerg Med Int 2021; 2021:6617381. [PMID: 33708446 PMCID: PMC7932803 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6617381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Road traffic injuries are one of the major public safety issues around the world, as they put a great burden on countries' economies. Saudi Arabia has a good road transportation system, but still, road-related fatalities are higher in this country. The main purpose of this study was to determine the association between the severity of injuries caused by road traffic collision and safety measures taken by the drivers admitted to the emergency departments at two military hospitals in Tabuk, a city in Saudi Arabia. Methods A total of 342 male drivers who had injuries due to road traffic collision took part in this multicentre, cross-sectional study. The research sites were King Salman Armed Forces Hospital and King Khalid Armed Forces Hospital in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. The data were collected using a common protocol and a self-reported questionnaire with the help of convenience sampling approach. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were done using IBM SPSS version 23. Results Nearly 62.0% of the male drivers were aged less than 36 years. About 90% of the drivers were from low- and middle-income groups. Logistic regression analysis indicated that drivers who had road traffic collision and used mobile phones while driving were four times more likely to have severe injuries (OR = 3.89; 95% CI (2.53, 5.95)), those who drove the vehicle at an excessive speed limit were three times more likely to have severe injuries (OR = 2.71; 95% CI (1.01, 4.97)), and those who attempted to overtake another vehicle were two times more likely to have severe injuries (OR = 1.85; 95% CI (1.24, 3.77)). Conclusion Based on the results of the present study, the most important safety measures which contributed the most to road traffic collision were use of mobile phones while driving the vehicle, driving at an excessive speed limit, irregularity in maintaining the vehicle, attempt to pass other vehicles, and not following the traffic rules. All the safety measures are protective, but if care is not taken, they will risk the life. There is an urgent need to spread traffic safety awareness in this region.
Collapse
|
14
|
Alghnam S, Alyabsi M, Aburas A, Alqahtani T, Bajowaiber M, Alghamdi A, Alqunaibet A. Predictors of Seatbelt Use Among Saudi Adults: Results From the National Biobank Project. Front Public Health 2020; 8:579071. [PMID: 33194979 PMCID: PMC7649265 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.579071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Road traffic crashes (RTCs) are a leading cause of death and disabilities and impose a significant burden on the healthcare system and economy of Saudi Arabia. Around 20% of all hospital beds are occupied by victims of RTCs, which represent approximately 80% of trauma deaths occurring in these facilities. Using a seatbelt is an effective method to reduce traffic deaths and minimize the extent of associated injuries. However, little is currently known about the prevalence and predictors of seatbelt use in Saudi Arabia. More studies are needed to determine the trends of seatbelt use and study the relationship between individual factors and compliance with seatbelt use laws. The aim of the present study is to examine the prevalence and predictors of seatbelt use using the National Saudi Biobank dataset. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using an in-person survey from the Saudi National Biobank (SNB). The participants were adults affiliated with the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs in Riyadh who were examined between 2017 and 2019. Chi-squared and Wald tests were used to assess the association between the respondents' characteristics and their seatbelt use. In addition, logistic regression models were constructed to assess the univariate and multivariate associations between seatbelt use and potential predictors. All statistical tests were two-sided, and the findings were considered significant at P < 0.05. Results: A total of 5,790 adults participated in the survey. The majority of the participants (52.44%) were between 18 and 25 years old, half were males, and 58.80% were single. About 42.83% of the participants reported consistent seatbelt use as drivers or passengers. In the multivariable analysis, females were 86% less likely to wear seatbelts than males (OR = 0.136, 95%CI = 0.107–0.173). Individuals who rated their mental health as “weak” were 26% less likely to wear seatbelts than those who reported “excellent” mental health status. Conclusion: Seatbelt use remains low in the country and substantially lower than in developed countries. Young adults, females, and individuals reporting suboptimal mental health were less likely to fasten their seatbelts. These findings are valuable for public health programs to target specific groups and raise awareness about the need to increase seatbelt compliance and reduce traffic injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Alghnam
- Population Health Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mesnad Alyabsi
- Population Health Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhanouf Aburas
- Public Health Department, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taif Alqahtani
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miasem Bajowaiber
- National Centre for Traffic Safety, Ministry of Transportation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- National Centre for Traffic Safety, Ministry of Transportation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ada Alqunaibet
- Saudi Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Maghraby NH, Alshaqaq HM, AlQattan AS, Alfaraj AF, Alghamdi OA, Alzawad MJ, Farcy DA. Negative Whole-Body Computed Tomography Scans in Polytrauma Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Open Access Emerg Med 2020; 12:305-313. [PMID: 33122955 PMCID: PMC7591101 DOI: 10.2147/oaem.s263754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) has been a mainstay and an integral part of the evaluation of polytrauma patients in trauma centers and emergency departments (ED) for a comprehensive evaluation of the extent of injuries. However, routine use of WBCT remains controversial since it exposes patients to radiation and exponentially increases financial expense. The primary objective was to determine the rate of negative WBCT in polytrauma patients. Patients and Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted at an academic hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which is a dedicated trauma center with a mean of 237,392 ED visits and 10,714 trauma per year. The study included all adult (≥18 years) polytrauma patients who presented to our ED, requiring trauma team activation, and underwent WBCT as part of their evaluation from January 2016 to May 2017. We excluded pediatric patients, patients transferred from another facility, and pregnant patients. The primary endpoint was to measure the rate of negative WBCT in polytraumatized patients. Results A total of 186 patients were included with a mean age of 28.8 ± 12.9 years. The rate of negative WBCT scans was 20.4%. The positive scans were subclassified based on the number of anatomical body regions that were affected radiologically. One body region was affected in 47 patients (31.8%), two body regions were affected in 50 patients (33.8%), and ≥3 body regions were affected in 51 patients (34.3%). In a subset analysis, we identified that oxygen saturation <94% and GCS ≤8 were associated with positive CT scans. Conclusion Our study revealed a slightly higher rate of utilization of WBCT in the management of trauma patients compared to studies with similar practice. We believe that in the correct setting with incorporating high index of suspicion, a physical examination with attention to vital signs and mental status, performing E-FAST, and dedicated X-Rays is a way to potentially reduce the use of WBCT in polytrauma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen H Maghraby
- Department of Emergency Medicine, King Fahd University Hospital-College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, AlKhobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan M Alshaqaq
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saleh AlQattan
- Department of General Surgery, King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Fawzi Alfaraj
- Department of Emergency Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A Alghamdi
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak J Alzawad
- Department of Psychiatry, Ministry of Health, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - David A Farcy
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Miami Beach, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alghnam S, Jastaniah E, Alwahaibi W, Albabtain IT, Alqublan S, Bajwaiber M, Alzahrani S, Alghamdi A. The prevalence of head and facial injuries among children in Saudi Arabia following road traffic crashes. Ann Saudi Med 2020; 40:417-424. [PMID: 33007167 PMCID: PMC7532055 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2020.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are the leading cause of death among children in Saudi Arabia. Childhood injuries can be prevented or minimized if safety measures, such as car seats, are implemented. The literature on the epidemiology of head and facial injury among children is limited, which affects the ability to understand the extent of the burden and hinders investment in public health prevention. OBJECTIVE Describe the epidemiology of head and facial injuries among children admitted to the hospital following MVCs. DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING Five hospitals in several regions. PATIENTS AND METHODS We collected data on all patients ≤16 years old, who were admitted to the hospital following MVCs between 2016-2019. Differences in various characteristics like head injury status and age groups were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Head and facial injuries. SAMPLE SIZE 253 patients. RESULTS Of the injured population, 97 (38.3%) sustained a head injury, and 88 (34.8%) had a facial injury. Thirteen (9.1%) children were driving the car at the time of the crash. About half of the children were seated in the back (53.8%) without a seatbelt or safety seat. CONCLUSION The prevalence of head and facial injuries is striking. In addition, the study revealed that driving among children is not uncommon, which warrants monitoring and implementing interventions. Improved documentation of restraint use and police enforcement of safety laws can play a significant role in reducing associated injuries. The study findings highlight the importance of combination or rear seating as well as age-appropriate restraint in order to reduce the likelihood of head or facial injuries among children. LIMITATIONS Retrospective study using the electronic search system to identify patients, but may have missed cases that were not coded correctly. Large amount of missing data for some variables. Additionally, the analysis was limited to those admitted to the hospital. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Alghnam
- From the Department of Population Health, King Abdullah International Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebaa Jastaniah
- From the Miami Children's Hospital, University of Florida, Florida, United States of America
| | - Wedyan Alwahaibi
- From the Epidemiology Program, College of Health Sciences, Princess Noura Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sarah Alqublan
- From the Epidemiology Program, College of Health Sciences, Princess Noura Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miasem Bajwaiber
- From the National Road Safety Center, Ministry of Transport, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alzahrani
- From the Department of Population Health, King Abdullah International Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- From the National Road Safety Center, Ministry of Transport, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Assiri ZA, Salma REG, Almajid EA, Alfadhel AK. Retrospective radiological evaluation to study the prevalence and pattern of maxillofacial fracture among Military personal at Prince Sultan Military Medical City [PSMMC], Riyadh: An institutional study. Saudi Dent J 2020; 32:242-249. [PMID: 32647471 PMCID: PMC7336016 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the present study was to analyze the prevalence, causes, and patterns of maxillofacial fractures retrospectively in patients who were treated at Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods Patients′ medical records were reviewed from 2005 to 2014. Patient′s age, gender, cause, and the pattern of maxillofacial fractures were studied. Associated body injuries were also recorded. Results Out of 263 patients, 207 (78.7%) were male and 56 (21.3%) were female. The age range was from 3 to 67 yr with a mean age of 26.21 yr. Road traffic accidents 236 (89.8%) were the most commonly reported cause of maxillofacial fractures, followed by falls 14 (5.3%), assaults 4 (1.5%), gunshot 3 (1.1%), and sport accidents 2 (0.8%). Most of the cases of maxillary fracture were Le Fort II 27 (36.5%), followed by LeFort I 23 (31.1%), LeFort III 20 (27.0%) and palatal fractures 4 (5.4%). Of the mandibular fractures, parasymphysis fractures constituted 61 (27.4%), body 50 (22.4%), condyle 45 (20.2%), angle 40 (17.9%), symphysis 16 (7.2%), ramus 7 (3.1%) and coronoid 4 (1.8%). Zygomatic complex fractures 110 (94.8%) were the most commonly reported fractures in the mid and upper facial region. Other facial fractures included orbital floor 61 (97.0%), naso-orbito-ethmoidal 18 (19.8%), and frontal 12 (13.2%). Conclusion Road traffic accidents were the most common cause of maxillofacial fractures. Spreading awareness among young drivers regarding road safety regulations is highly recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zayed Ali Assiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saudi Ministry of Health, Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ra Ed Ghaleb Salma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Determinants of speeding among new generations of car drivers from the Arabian Peninsula. An investigation based among Omani drivers using the theory of planned behaviour. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226441. [PMID: 31841565 PMCID: PMC6913983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In high-income countries of the Arabian Peninsula, including the Sultanate of Oman, motorization has been extremely rapid. As a result, road traffic crashes are by far the highest cause of premature mortality, and speeding is an acknowledged key risk factor. Theory-based interventions are needed to target prevention of this unsafe practice. This study sheds light on determinants of speeding among new generations of Omani drivers applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). A questionnaire covering all five main constructs of the TPB was first contextualized and administered to two target groups: male drivers of all ages (n = 1107) approached in person when renewing their driving license and university students drivers (men and women) reached through internet contact (n = 655). Multiple, stepwise linear regression analyses were used to explore factors associated with speeding. Results indicate that driving fast and not respecting the posted speed limits was common in both groups of drivers, although rates were higher among students; 41.8% reported driving a bit faster than other drivers and 24.1% faster than the posted speed limit compared with 31.4% and 14.2% in male drivers of all ages. In both groups the TPB model predicted to a limited extent the determinants of speeding behaviour. However, the intention to speed was associated with a negative attitude towards the respect of rules for men of all ages (β = -0.30 (p<0.001)) and for students (β = -0.26 (p<0.001)); a positive view regarding subjective norms (β = 0.25 (p<0.001) and β = 0.28 (p<0.001) respectively), and behavioural control (β = 0.15 (p<0.001) and β = 0.20 (p<0.001) respectively). Intention was the only significant predictor of speeding behaviour (β = 0.48 (p<0.001); and β = 0.64 (p<0.001)). To conclude, speeding is widespread among Omani drivers of all ages and the intention to respect posted speed limits meets a range of barriers that need greater consideration in order to achieve a better safety culture in the country.
Collapse
|
19
|
AlHammad Z, Nusair Y, Alotaibi S, Ababtain R, Alsulami S, Aljumah G. A cross-sectional study of the prevalence and severity of maxillofacial fractures resulting from motor vehicle accidents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Dent J 2019; 32:314-320. [PMID: 32874072 PMCID: PMC7452011 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the prevalence and severity of maxillofacial fractures resulting from motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study of 325 males (89%) and 47 females (9%) was conducted that retrospectively reviewed records of patients referred to oral and maxillofacial surgery department from emergency department from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2017 at KAMC, Riyadh. Results A total of 372 subjects were included in the study. MVAs (80%) were the most prevalent cause of trauma. The age range most susceptible to MVAs was between 20 and 24 years old (28%). The most common site of fracture was the midface (64%), specifically orbit (32%). For mandibular fractures, the subcondylar was the most common site of fractures (19%). The most common treatment approach was conservative (65%). In terms of severity, approximately half of patients needed admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) (50%); the mean score on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was 11.34, but most scores fell in the mild range; and (68%) of subjects presented with other associated systemic injuries, especially orthopedic injuries (36%). Conclusions MVAs were the main cause of trauma and affected mainly young males. The most common site of fracture was midface, specifically orbit. Subcondylar was the most prevalent fracture site for mandibular fractures. The severity of MVAs injuries was significantly higher compared to non-MVAs injuries. We suggest enforcing legislation and regulations on road safety such as the use of compulsory seat belts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyad AlHammad
- Saudi Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanal Nusair
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Alotaibi
- Saudi Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Ababtain
- Saudi Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Alsulami
- Internal Medicine, Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Aljumah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Algahtani H, Shirah B, Algahtani R, Algahtani R. Epilepsy and driving: Local experience from Saudi Arabia. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 99:106401. [PMID: 31454705 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The issue of epilepsy and driving has legal, social, and psychological implications. Many countries in the world restrict driving to people prone to epilepsy. There is no data from Saudi Arabia regarding the prevalence of driving among patients with epilepsy and their driving practices. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, there are no local laws or guidelines concerning driving for patients with epilepsy in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of driving among male patients with epilepsy at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and determine the barriers and difficulties that they are suffering from especially when it comes to driving. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted between July 2017 and June 2018 at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The inclusion criteria of this study were male patients with epilepsy 18 years of age or above. The exclusion criteria were female patients at any age (since they were not allowed to drive at the time of the study) and male patients less than 18 years of age. This study utilized a self-made self-administered 25-item questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 182 surveys were distributed, and 164 individuals completed the survey (90.1% response rate). Most of the participants have a driving license (95.7%) and drive a car (98.8%). Almost all participants (99.4%) mentioned that nobody asked them whether they have epilepsy or not when issuing a driver's license. In addition, 94.5% were never told not to drive after the diagnosis of epilepsy. Regarding restrictions to driving, 98.7% reported that they drive at all times without any restrictions, and 92.7% reported that they drive both inside and outside the city. CONCLUSION This study showed that the number of male patients with epilepsy driving cars was extremely high, accounting for almost all the patients in this study, with most of them doing several wrong practices during driving. Other major issues include the lack of specific laws regulating driving for patients with epilepsy and no counseling from physicians about driving after the diagnosis of epilepsy. We recommend developing the Saudi driving regulations for patients with epilepsy, and this study is considered an urgent call for action for the formation of a local driving regulations taskforce. Health education about the risk of driving should be disseminated, especially for patients with uncontrolled epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Algahtani
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bader Shirah
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raneem Algahtani
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Algahtani
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The potential costs of road traffic accidents (RTAs) to society are immense. Yet, no study has attempted to examine the impact of climate change on RTAs in Saudi Arabia, though RTA-leading deaths are very high, and the occurrence of climatic events is very frequent. Therefore, this study aims to assess the impact of climate change on RTAs in Saudi Arabia and to recommend some climate change mitigation and adaptation policies to make roads safe for all. This study employed annual data from 13 regions of Saudi Arabia, from 2003 to 2013. The data were analyzed on the basis of panel regression models—fixed effect, random effect, and the pooled ordinary least square. The findings show that temperature, rainfall, sandstorms, and number of vehicles were statistically and significantly responsible for RTAs in Saudi Arabia in the study period. This study also found that RTAs both inside and outside cities significantly caused injuries, but only RTAs inside cities significantly caused death. Furthermore, the death from RTAs injuries was found to be statistically significant only for motor vehicle accidents. The findings will assist policymakers in taking the right courses of action to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change through understanding climate influence on RTAs.
Collapse
|
22
|
Almarhabi Y, Subki A, Alsallum M, Albeshri M, Mukhtar AM. Effect of the Trauma Evaluation and Management module on the knowledge of senior medical students: a prospective cohort study. Can J Surg 2019; 62:1-5. [PMID: 30900434 PMCID: PMC6738512 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.018517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the high incidence of motor vehicle collisions and associated mortality rates in Saudi Arabia, formal trauma training and management for undergraduate medical students is not optimal. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of the Trauma Evaluation and Management (TEAM) module on trauma knowledge among senior medical students. Methods Final-year medical students were recruited between September 2016 and May 2017 at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. They were allocated to 1 of 2 groups: 1 group was exposed to the TEAM module, and the other was not (control group). We employed a widely used 20-item multiple-choice standardized questionnaire to assess trauma-related knowledge of both groups. Results Our study included 136 participants, 68 in the TEAM module group and 68 in the control group. The mean scores for trauma-related knowledge were 68.4% (standard deviation [SD] 15.63%) and 45.4% (SD 19.52%), respectively. Linear regression analysis showed that the TEAM module participants scored 23% higher on the test than the control participants (β = 22.94%, 95% confidence interval 16.94%–28.94%). Conclusion Mean test scores were significantly higher for those who completed the TEAM module than for those who did not. We highly recommend incorporating the TEAM module into the formal medical curriculum at all Saudi universities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Almarhabi
- From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Yahya); the Center of Excellence in Trauma and Accidents, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Yahya); the Clinical Skills and Simulation Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Yahya); the Medical Students, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Ahmed, Mohammed, Marwan); and the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Moniem)
| | - Ahmed Subki
- From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Yahya); the Center of Excellence in Trauma and Accidents, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Yahya); the Clinical Skills and Simulation Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Yahya); the Medical Students, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Ahmed, Mohammed, Marwan); and the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Moniem)
| | - Mohammed Alsallum
- From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Yahya); the Center of Excellence in Trauma and Accidents, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Yahya); the Clinical Skills and Simulation Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Yahya); the Medical Students, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Ahmed, Mohammed, Marwan); and the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Moniem)
| | - Marwan Albeshri
- From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Yahya); the Center of Excellence in Trauma and Accidents, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Yahya); the Clinical Skills and Simulation Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Yahya); the Medical Students, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Ahmed, Mohammed, Marwan); and the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Moniem)
| | - Abdel Moniem Mukhtar
- From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Yahya); the Center of Excellence in Trauma and Accidents, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Yahya); the Clinical Skills and Simulation Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Yahya); the Medical Students, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Ahmed, Mohammed, Marwan); and the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Moniem)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Aljawadi MH, Khoja AT, Alhammad AM, AlOtaibi AD, Al-Shammari SA, Khoja TA. The prevalence of benzodiazepines utilization and its association with falls among Saudi older adults; results from the Saudi national survey for elderly Health (SNSEH). Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:1112-1119. [PMID: 30532631 PMCID: PMC6260491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE First, to determine benzodiazepines prevalence (BDZs) among Saudi older adults (SOA); Second, to quantify the association between BDZs use and falls among SOA. Third, to determine falls effect on all-cause mortality among SOA. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study that used the Saudi National Survey for Elderly Health; a nationally-representative, population-based survey. Participants were asked about BDZs use and falls history during the 12 months prior to the interview. Demographics, medications, comorbidities and housing conditions were used as covariates. Multiple imputation was used to impute missing data. Modified poisson multivariable regression was used to study the association between BDZs and falls. Cox- proportional hazard regression was used to determine falls effect on mortality over nine years period. RESULTS Among 2946 SOA, BDZs prevalence was 4%. Around 13% reported falls. In the multivariable regression, relative risk (RR) of falls was 2 comparing BDZs users to non-users (95CI%: 1.02-3.99). Antidepressants (RR = 1.72; 95%CI: 1.10-2.74), laxatives (RR = 1.38; 95%CI: 1.11-1.7), low body mass index (RR = 1.94; 95%CI: 1.33-2.84), mild cognitive impairment (RR = 1.56; 95%CI: 1.21-2.03), high door steps (RR = 1.54; 95%CI: 1.23-1.93) and insufficient illumination (RR = 1.38; 95%CI: 1.11-1.71) increased falls risk. Lastly, the hazard ratio of falls on death was 1.48 (95%CI: 1.17, 1.89) over nine years. CONCLUSION Despite the recommendation against BDZs use among older adults, still there were subjects who were prescribed these drugs. falls are common among SOA. Preventive strategies such medication therapy management, nutrition improvement, elderly-friendly housing structures can reduce the prevalence of falls and consequent increase in mortality among SOA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H. Aljawadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah T. Khoja
- Public Health and Family Medicine Departments, College of Medicine, Al-Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Alhammad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azzam D. AlOtaibi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman A. Al-Shammari
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tawfik A. Khoja
- Executive Board, Health Ministers’ Council for the Cooperation Council States, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Waheed KB, Baig AA, Raza A, Ul Hassan MZ, Khattab MA, Raza U. Diagnostic accuracy of Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma for blunt abdominal trauma in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2018; 39:598-602. [PMID: 29915855 PMCID: PMC6058749 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2018.6.22031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) in blunt abdominal trauma caused by motor vehicle accidents at our Hospital in Dhahran city. Methods: This descriptive, observational study was conducted in the Radiology Department at King Fahad Military Medical Complex Dhahran, Saudi Arabia between September 2016 and September 2017. All adult patients (n=105) involved in motor vehicle accidents with blunt abdominal injury on presentation were retrospectively reviewed for FAST and CT scans for detection of free fluid. Focused assessment with sonography for trauma studies were conducted or supervised by senior registrar of general surgery (trauma team leader). Computed tomography findings were reviewed by 2 experienced radiologists. High and low-grade solid abdominal visceral (liver, spleen, kidney) injuries were identified on CT scans. Focused assessment with sonography for trauma and CT scan findings were identified as ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ for presence and absence of free fluid respectively. Outcomes of FAST were presented on a 2x2 contingency table. Results: Sensitivity of FAST in detecting intraperitoneal free fluid was calculated as 76.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 64.14-85.69%), specificity 84.2% (95% CI, 68.75-93.98%) and accuracy 79% (95% CI, 70.01-86.38%). Focused assessment with sonography for trauma detected free fluid in most cases of high-grade solid visceral injuries. Nearly half of true-negative cases were having low grade visceral or other injuries. Conclusion: Focused assessment with sonography for trauma is an important tool in initial assessment of suspected blunt abdominal injury patients with high sensitivity and specificity. A negative FAST does not exclude low grade solid visceral or other injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khawaja B Waheed
- Radiology Department, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Orf AA, Waheed KB, Baig AA, Mohammad KS, El Sirafy MN, Amin MS, Arulanatham ZJ. Patterns of injury detected by pan-computed tomography after road traffic accidents: retrospective review from a trauma center in Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 2018; 38:245-250. [PMID: 30078022 PMCID: PMC6086669 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2018.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pan-scan (whole-body) computed tomography (CT) has a paramount role in the diagnosis of injuries in road traffic accidents (RTA). OBJECTIVE Identify patterns of injuries on pan-CT scans. DESIGN Retrospective medical record review. SETTING Tertiary care center. PATIENTS AND METHODS The records of all RTA patients who presented to the radiology department at King Fahad Military Medical Complex (KFMMC) in Dhahran for the 3-year period from July 2014 to July 2017 and underwent pan-CT were retrospectively reviewed. Drivers and front-seat passengers with complete clinical information on seating, safety and mechanism of injury were selected. Children under 5 years of age, pregnant women and back-seat passengers were excluded. Patterns of injuries were categorized as 'no abnormality detected' (NAD), isolated or combined head, face and neck (H), isolated or combined chest, abdomen and pelvis (C) or both regions of the body (B). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Injury patterns on pan-CT scans. SAMPLE SIZE 305 RESULTS: Most patients were males (n=287, 94.1%). The median age was 26 years for males (IQR, 22-33 years) and 30 years for females (IQR, 28-39). More than two-thirds were drivers (all males); the remainder were front-seat passengers. Young males were most often involved. The most common type of accident was a roll-over. Of those who sustained injuries, 273 (89.5%) were not wearing a seat belt (unrestrained). The patterns of injuries were NAD (87, 28%), H (27, 9%), C (93, 30.5%), B (98, 32%). CONCLUSION When abnormalities were detected, most high-speed vehicular injuries affected the torso. Unrestrained young male drivers are most often involved in RTAs in Saudi Arabia. LIMITATIONS Retrospective study with a small sample size. Types and severity of injuries on pan-CT were not documented. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Khawaja Bilal Waheed
- Dr. Khawaja Bilal Waheed, Department of Radiology,, King Fahad Military Medical Complex,, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, T: +966138440000 ext: 3222, F:+96613844000-3207, , ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6340-3139
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Smart Road Traffic Accidents Reduction Strategy Based on Intelligent Transportation Systems (TARS). SENSORS 2018; 18:s18071983. [PMID: 29933594 PMCID: PMC6069426 DOI: 10.3390/s18071983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Traffic accidents have become an important problem for governments, researchers and vehicle manufacturers over the last few decades. However, accidents are unfortunate and frequently occur on the road and cause death, damage to infrastructure, and health injuries. Therefore, there is a need to develop a protocol to avoid or prevent traffic accidents at the extreme level in order to reduce human loss. The aim of this research is to develop a new protocol, named as the Traffic Accidents Reduction Strategy (TARS), for Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANETs) to minimize the number of road accidents, decrease the death rate caused by road accidents, and for the successful deployment of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). We have run multiple simulations and the results showed that our proposed scheme has outperformed DBSR and POVRP routing protocols in terms of the Message Delivery Ratio (MDR), Message Loss Ratio (MLR), Average Delay, and Basic Safety Message.
Collapse
|
27
|
Use of child restraint system and patterns of child transportation in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190471. [PMID: 29293659 PMCID: PMC5749838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Child restraint system (CRS) is designed to protect children from injury during motor vehicle crash (MVC). However, there is no regulation or enforcement of CRS use in Saudi Arabia. This study estimated the prevalence of CRS use and identified patterns of child transportation in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed across Riyadh targeting families who drove with children aged less than 5 years. The questionnaire inquired about CRS availability, patterns of child transportation if a CRS was unavailable, seat belt use by the driver and adult passengers, and the perception of CRS. RESULTS Of 385 respondents, only 36.6% reported the availability of a CRS (95% CI: 31.8-41.7%), with only half of those reported consistent use 74 (52.2%). Nearly 30% of all children aged less than 5 years were restrained during car journeys. Sitting on the lap of an adult passenger on the front seat was the most common pattern of child transportation (54.5%). Approximately 13.5% of respondents were involved in an MVC while driving with children; 63.5% of these children were unprotected by any safety system. Seat belt use by drivers was low, with only 15.3% reporting constant use. CONCLUSION The prevalence of CRS use in Riyadh is low, and safety practices are seldom used by drivers and passengers. In addition to legal enforcement of CRS use, implementation of a child transportation policy with age-appropriate height and weight specifications is imperative.
Collapse
|
28
|
Al-Jasser FS, Mohamed AG, Choudry A, Youssef RM. Mobile phone use while driving and the risk of collision: A study among preparatory year students at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Family Community Med 2018; 25:102-107. [PMID: 29922110 PMCID: PMC5958520 DOI: 10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_139_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to determine the rate of mobile phones use while driving by the students of King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, their perception of the risks, and contribution to collisions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2014 targeting 986 male students of King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was used to obtain data on possessing a driving license, years of driving experience, driving hours, and collision or near misses in the 6 months preceding the study. Eight statements were used to assess the behavior and perceptions related to the use of mobile phones while driving. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square statistic, odds ratio, and the 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Almost half of the participants (45.3%) had driving experience of 4–6 years and 18.3% of them did not possess a driving license. Collision in the preceding 6 months was reported by 44.6% of participants, and 37.9% of them attributed these collisions to mobile phones. Variable proportions reported that they always texted (53.3%) or talked on a handheld (66.2%) or hands-free (26.1%) phones while driving. A higher proportion conceded that there were hazards in texting (77.0%) and speaking on handheld mobile phones (83.9%) rather than hands-free (35.9%) while driving. The risk increased significantly from 2.052 among participants who reported that they drove daily for 1–2 h to 3.165 of those who reported that they drove for more than 6 h. No significant risk was observed in relation to participants' perceptions, age, driving experience, and possession of a driving license. CONCLUSIONS: There was a risk of collision with the use of handheld and hands-free mobile phones. As hands-free mobile phones are no safer, national legislation should consider restricting their use by drivers and implementing legislations to reinforce safety on the roads. An objective assessment of the contribution of mobile phones to road traffic injuries is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahad S Al-Jasser
- Prevention and Control of Infection Administration, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashry G Mohamed
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine and King Khaled Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abduljamil Choudry
- Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP), Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Randa M Youssef
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine and King Khaled Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Prince Sattam Chair for Epidemiology and Public Health Research, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gopaul CD, Singh-Gopaul A, Haqq ED. A study in a hospital setting in Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies, on the psychological factors that cause road traffic collisions. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2017; 10:157-164. [PMID: 28652831 PMCID: PMC5476759 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s130189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The following research paper aims to examine the psychological factors that have led to road traffic collisions (RTCs) by conducting research on drivers who had been admitted to the Accident and Emergency department at four major hospitals in Trinidad as RTC cases. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four major hospitals in Trinidad. Sample size was 900 participants admitted to the hospital as RTC cases, and the sample was selected using Daniel's formula. All 900 participants were drivers involved in an RTC and were mostly male, and majority of drivers involved in an RTC were within the age group of 30-39 years. The survey was conducted in a 3-month window between March and June 2013. The results of the survey indicated that there was a significant relationship between most of the factors and RTCs, that is, p<0.05. This indicated that the null hypotheses did not hold. Thus, there was an positive correlation. The study revealed that attitude of drivers, real driving practice and the driving knowledge possessed by the driver were associated factors for RTCs. The survey also established that factors such as stress, the lack of sleep and fatigue were also likely to be associated with RTC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chavin D Gopaul
- Department of Para-clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine
| | - Aruna Singh-Gopaul
- North West Regional Health Authority, St George Central, Barataria, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Edison D Haqq
- Department of Para-clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine
| |
Collapse
|