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Vaseghi F, Rarani MA, Raeisi AR, Moravveji A. Content analysis of family physician plan using social marketing approach: Qualitative- document analysis. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:393. [PMID: 38333144 PMCID: PMC10852160 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1017_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The family physician plan formed at the heart of the health system can play a vital role in the results and the optimal cost of resources. Social marketing is a process that uses the basics and principles of commercial marketing in the field of health to develop and implement a health plan. This study seeks to analyze the documents related to the program from the perspective of social marketing components. MATERIALS AND METHODS This qualitative document analysis study was conducted in 2021 by reviewing the documents and content of the texts related to family physician plan. The obtained data were analyzed by the directed content analysis method after extraction and collection. RESULTS The results showed the identification of social marketing components in the family physician plan. However, the two most essential parts of "insight" and "behavior theory," which address the underlying issues in an intervention, were not found in the analyzed documents and texts. CONCLUSION It is necessary to use a coherent and appropriate approach to revise and develop the family physician plan. To resolve the current challenges and problems of the family physician plan, the application of components and the social marketing approach that addresses all the required aspects of a health plan is a suitable model and approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Vaseghi
- Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Amini Rarani
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Raeisi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Moravveji
- Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Vargas-Meza J, Gonzalez-Rocha A, Campos-Nonato I, Nilson EAF, Basto-Abreu A, Barquera S, Denova-Gutiérrez E. Effective and Scalable Interventions to Reduce Sodium Intake: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:486-494. [PMID: 37226030 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00477-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW High-sodium intake is a main risk factor for increased blood pressure and cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. Reducing sodium intake at the population level is one of the most cost-effective strategies to address this. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis are to examine data from recent studies that measure the effectiveness and scalability of interventions aimed at reducing sodium intake at both the population and individual level. RECENT FINDINGS Worldwide, sodium intake is higher than the World Health Organization recommendations. Structural interventions such as mandatory reformulation of foods, food labeling, taxes or subsidies, and communication campaigns have shown to be the most effective in reducing the population's sodium consumption. Interventions in education, particularly those that use a social marketing framework with short duration, food reformulation, and combined strategies, have the potential to decrease sodium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Vargas-Meza
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Avenida Universidad #655, Cuernavaca, México
- El Poder del Consumidor A.C., Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alejandra Gonzalez-Rocha
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Avenida Universidad #655, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Ismael Campos-Nonato
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Avenida Universidad #655, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Eduardo Augusto Fernandes Nilson
- Nucleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- Programa de Alimentação, Nutrição e Cultura, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Ana Basto-Abreu
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Simón Barquera
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Avenida Universidad #655, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Avenida Universidad #655, Cuernavaca, México.
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Alipour F, Shams M, Maleki M, Mousavizadeh A. An application of social marketing for promoting HIV testing in Iran. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:865. [PMID: 37170200 PMCID: PMC10176943 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been estimated that 60,000 Iranians have been infected with HIV/AIDS and only 36% of them are aware of their status. This study aimed to design, implement and evaluate a social marketing campaign to promote HIV testing in Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh, and Boyer-Ahmad Province, southwest of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest without a control group, developed based on a social marketing assessment and response tool. To design the intervention formative research was conducted, comprised of four focus group discussion sessions with 42 participants of the target community along with seven in-depth semi-structured personal interviews with health care providers involved in the HIV/AIDS Program. Data analysis was done manually using content analysis and the main content was formulated for the campaign. Afterward, the slogan and messages of the campaign were developed. The campaign's materials including banners, posters, pamphlets, referral forms, and short messages were designed, pretested, and revised. Ultimately, the campaign was conducted for one month in October 2019. To determine the effectiveness of the campaign, the rate of referrals to the Center for Behavioral Health Counseling Services (CBHCS), for three months before and after the campaign, was compared. RESULTS Qualitative findings identified that the majority of the interviewees mentioned that the main reasons for the low rate of referrals to get tested for HIV were lack of awareness and information about HIV/AIDS and its diagnosis as well as the free and confidential tests available from the CBHCS. Moreover, the stigma associated with HIV/AIDS was another important reason for low referrals for testing. The rate of referrals for HIV testing in the three months leading up to the campaign was 18, 32, and 23 people, and three months after the campaign was 64, 81, and 44 individuals; respectively. The results of the multivariate analysis demonstrated that the campaign had increased the rates of referrals for HIV testing through its significant influence on females, and individuals with academic degrees. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the social marketing campaign was successful in persuading people to get tested for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Alipour
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shams
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Maleki
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mousavizadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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Pouraram H, Afshani F, Ladaninejad M, Siassi F. What do we Need to Start a Multimedia Salt Reduction Campaign? Int J Prev Med 2023; 14:28. [PMID: 37033276 PMCID: PMC10080572 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_485_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As reports of the first national study reveal, Iranian salt intake reaches 9.52 g/day (two times more than recommended by World Health Organization). Meanwhile ignoring the consequences of high salt intake has led to an increased rate of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), stroke, stomach cancer, osteoporosis, obesity, etc., To tackle these threatening issues, a nationwide intervention campaign could be an effective solution based on global experiences. A review of previous work in Iran shows that despite numerous efforts conducted in the prevention of CVDs, they were not well reflected in worldwide sources. Furthermore, a comprehensive campaign was not implemented particularly concerning the salt reduction in Iran. As a result, we first reviewed the major successful initiatives conducted in reducing salt intake around the world and Iran. Then we introduced the components of a comprehensive social marketing campaign along with customized actions related to Iranian nutrition habits, their attitude, and behavior toward salt consumption. These employed components were SWOT analysis, identifying target group, determining communication goals and objectives based on models and theories, planning executive plan, designing communication messages and materials, media planning and promotional actions, and determining campaign budget plus monitoring and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Pouraram
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Hamed Pouraram, Community Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farideh Afshani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ladaninejad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereydoun Siassi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Prof. Fereydoun Siassi, No: 44, Hojjatdoust Alley, Naderi ST, Keshavarz BLVD, PO BOX: 1455-6117, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
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Ismail I, Tahlil T, Nursalam N, Marli Kesuma Z, Rauzhatul Jannah S, Kamil H, Fithria F, Rochadi K. Effectiveness of a Social Marketing Mix Intervention on Changing the Smoking Behavior of Santri in Traditional Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia. J Prev Med Public Health 2022; 55:586-594. [PMID: 36475324 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.22.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effectiveness of the social marketing mix approach in increasing students' knowledge about smoking, promoting positive attitudes toward smoking cessation, and decreasing smoking behavior. METHODS This quantitative research study incorporated a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest non-equivalent group design. Using the purposive sampling technique, 152 smoking students were selected as participants. They were divided into 2 equal groups, with 76 students in the control group and 76 in the intervention group. The data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed with the chi-square test, independent t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS The social marketing mix intervention was effective in increasing the students' knowledge about smoking (p<0.001), improving their attitude toward smoking cessation (p<0.001), and reducing their smoking behavior (p=0.014). CONCLUSIONS This approach should be implemented by local governments to reduce smoking behavior in the community, especially among teenagers, in addition to instituting a smoking ban and applying fines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Ismail
- Department of Nursing, Polytechnic of Health, Ministry of Health, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Teuku Tahlil
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Nursalam Nursalam
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Zurnila Marli Kesuma
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Syarifah Rauzhatul Jannah
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Hajjul Kamil
- Department of Leadership and Management Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Fithria Fithria
- Department of Family Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Kintoko Rochadi
- Faculty of Public Health, University of North Sumatra, Medan, Indonesia
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Pourkhajoei S, Yazdi‐Feyzabadi V, Amiresmaeili M, Nakhaee N, Goudarzi R. Mean population salt intake in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e855. [PMID: 36226320 PMCID: PMC9531774 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High salt intake has been connected with the increase of many non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. Like other middle-income countries, Iran is experiencing a considerable increase in NCDs, necessitating attempts to reduce dietary salt intake. As in Iran there is uncertainty about the existing rate of salt intake. The present study aimed to estimate mean salt intake of Iranian population by systematically reviewing existing literature. METHODS This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA Protocol) of published article data, with no time constraint until the end of 2020, to estimate mean salt intake of Iranian population. A comprehensive literature search was performed on international databases of Medline, Science Direct, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Springer, Online Library Wiley, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar and domestic data bases of Iranmedex, Magiran, SID, and Medlib. Subgroup analysis was conducted for gender, region, measurement method, and age group. Research homogeneity was evaluated by I 2 statistic. We reviewed all studies which met inclusion criteria. STATA Ver.13.1 was used to perform meta-analysis. RESULTS Meta-analysis of data from 32 studies showed that the average salt intake in all ages was 9.674 g/day (95% CI, 9.033-10.316 g/day). The lowest estimation of salt intake was 9.33 g/day (95% CI, 7.75-10.91 g/day) which was estimated from studies which used point collection method, and the highest estimate using the food reminder questionnaire was 10.41 g/day (95% CI, 8.49-12.34 g/day). Also, the average weight salt intake for men over 18 years old in different cities was 10.39 g/day (95% CI, 9.01-11.78 g/day), for women over 18 years in different cities 9.52 g/day (95% CI, 8.42-10.62 g/day), and children and adolescents was estimated at 5.664 g/day (95% CI, 2.91-8.41 g/day). CONCLUSION The intake of salt in the Iranian population is near twice the WHO recommendation. Therefore, it is necessary to consider effective strategies and interventions to reduce dietary salt intake in Iran as a health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirous Pourkhajoei
- Faculty of Management and Medical Information SciencesKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Vahid Yazdi‐Feyzabadi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in HealthKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Mohamadreza Amiresmaeili
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in HealthKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Nouzar Nakhaee
- Health Services Menagement Research Center, Institute for Furtures Studies in HealthKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Reza Goudarzi
- Health Services Menagement Research Center, Institute for Furtures Studies in HealthKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
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Components Affecting the Promotion of COVID-19 Disease Prevention Behaviors among Iranian Students: A Qualitative Study by Using the PRECEDE Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7807401. [PMID: 36033561 PMCID: PMC9410811 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7807401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is a social health problem. Several risk factors threaten students, and schools can provide a suitable environment for managing and performing health promotion programs. Given the extensive spread of the disease and the existence of multilevel components affecting the adoption of preventive behaviors, understanding the views and opinions of the audience about the barriers and facilitators affecting the behavior using qualitative studies can be one of the ways to have a successful intervention. Materials and Methods This was a qualitative study performed by a directed content analysis method while using the PRECEDE model (predisposing, reinforcing, enabling constructs in educational diagnosis and evaluation). In total, 38 individuals (teachers, parents, and students) were entered into the study using the purposive sampling method. Data were collected by semistructured interviews, and the implemented data were systematically classified into five stages (condensed meaning units, code, subcategory, category, and theme) and were arranged and analyzed. Results The findings are classified into three themes of predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors. In addition, perceived sensitivity, perceived intensity, mental beliefs, behavior outcome evaluation, and perceived power were considered as subcategories of predisposing factors, whereas normative beliefs and motivation for adherence to protocols were subcategories of reinforcing factors, and control beliefs were subcategories of enabling factors. Conclusion Our findings could be used as a guide to design educational interventions aiming at promoting COVID-19 prevention behaviors in schools.
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Guo X, Fan Z, Zhu H, Chen X, Wang M, Fu H. Willingness to Pay for Healthy Housing During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Evidence From Eye-Tracking Experiment. Front Public Health 2022; 10:855671. [PMID: 35372210 PMCID: PMC8965038 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.855671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy housing can set its occupants completely in good physical, mental and social conditions, but there is a lack of research in China on the public's willingness to pay (WTP) for healthy housing. From the perspective of cognitive psychology, this study constructs an analytical framework based on the model of "theory of planned behavior" (TPB), the theory of selective information exposure, and the model of "emotions as social information," while exploring the effect mechanism of the online reviews on the public's WTP for healthy housing during COVID-19 pandemic. In combination with eye-tracking experiments and subjective reports, physiological, psychological and behavioral multimodal data on WTP of 65 participants for healthy housing are collected. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) is adopted to analyze the formation effect mechanism of the public's WTP for healthy housing. This study acquires the following results: (i) Information attentiveness to online reviews on different valence information of healthy housing as obtained in eye tracking experiments delivers significant effect on attitude, subjective norm (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC), but has no direct effect on the public's WTP for healthy housing; (ii) Hypotheses from TPB model are verified. attitude, PBC and SN can all make significant effect on WTP for healthy housing, with attitude showcasing the most prominent effect; and (iii) In terms of the mediating effect, information attentiveness can deliver significant indirect effect on WTP through attitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Guo
- School of Management, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Neuromanagement in Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaoyang Fan
- School of Management, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Neuromanagement in Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- School of Management, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Neuromanagement in Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- School of Marxism, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- School of Management, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Neuromanagement in Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Hanliang Fu
- Laboratory of Neuromanagement in Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
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Khalesi S, Williams E, Irwin C, Johnson DW, Webster J, McCartney D, Jamshidi A, Vandelanotte C. Reducing salt intake: a systematic review and meta-analysis of behavior change interventions in adults. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:723-740. [PMID: 34921314 PMCID: PMC8907486 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Prolonged high salt (sodium) intake can increase the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Behavioral interventions may help reduce sodium intake at the population level. OBJECTIVE The effectiveness of behavior change interventions to reduce sodium intake in adults was investigated in this systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCE The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and EMBASE databases were searched. DATA EXTRACTION Narrative synthesis and random-effects meta-analyses were used to determine intervention efficacy. A total of 61 trials (46 controlled trials and 15 quasi-experimental studies) were included. RESULTS Behavior change interventions resulted in significant improvements in salt consumption behavior (eg, decrease in purchase of salty foods; increase in use of salt substitutes), leading to reductions in sodium intake as measured by urinary sodium in 32 trials (N = 7840 participants; mean difference, -486.19 mg/d [95%CI, -669.44 to -302.95]; P < 0.001; I2 = 92%) and dietary sodium in 19 trials (N = 3750 participants; mean difference -399.86 mg/d [95%CI, -581.51 to -218.20]; P < 0.001; I2 = 96%), equivalent to a reduction of >1 g of salt intake daily. Effects were not significantly different based on baseline sodium intakes, blood pressure status, disease status, the use of behavior change theories, or the main method of intervention delivery (ie, online vs face-to-face). CONCLUSION Behavior change interventions are effective at improving salt consumption practices and appear to reduce salt intake by >1 g/d. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020185639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Khalesi
- Appelton Institute & School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton & Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Edwina Williams
- Appelton Institute & School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton & Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher Irwin
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - David W Johnson
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- MetroSouth Integrated Nephrology and Transplant Services (MINTS), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jacqui Webster
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Danielle McCartney
- Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- Appelton Institute & School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton & Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Cheikh Ismail L, Hashim M, Jarrar AH, Mohamad MN, Al Daour R, Al Rajaby R, AlWatani S, AlAhmed A, Qarata S, Maidan F, Saleh ST, Stojanovska L, Al Dhaheri AS. Impact of a Nutrition Education Intervention on Salt/Sodium Related Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of University Students. Front Nutr 2022; 9:830262. [PMID: 35284451 PMCID: PMC8914224 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.830262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salt reduction strategies help reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by reducing high blood pressure. This study aimed to assess salt related knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) before and after administering an evidence-based nutrition education workshop. Methods Ninety non-medical university students were recruited to investigate KAP related to dietary salt intake. The KAP components were assessed before, immediately after, and 4-weeks after administering an evidence-based educational workshop and leaflet. Results Knowledge and attitudes related to salt improved significantly immediately post-intervention but were not fully retained after 4-weeks. Five of the 13 evaluated practices improved after 4-weeks: trying to buy low-salt foods increased from 10 to 19% (P = 0.022), rarely adding salt to food during cooking increased from 5 to 16% (P = 0.019), rarely adding salt to food at the table increased from 29 to 42% (P = 0.011), tried to reduce salt intake increased from 26 to 41% (P = 0.014), and tried to use spices to reduce salt increased from 31 to 45% (P = 0.044). Conclusions The educational intervention had a positive impact on salt-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices, but the effect was not fully retained on the long-term. Periodic educational interventions should be considered to refresh knowledge and reinforce practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Leila Cheikh Ismail
| | - Mona Hashim
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amjad H. Jarrar
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maysm N. Mohamad
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rameez Al Daour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Radhiya Al Rajaby
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sara AlWatani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amna AlAhmed
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shaikha Qarata
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatima Maidan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sheima T. Saleh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ayesha S. Al Dhaheri
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Khani Jeihooni A, Layeghiasl M, Yari A, Rakhshani T. The effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on improving physical and nutrition status of obese and overweight women. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:13. [PMID: 35033045 PMCID: PMC8761043 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regarding the high rate of obesity and overweight among women, develop a comprehensive and effective program it seems necessary to improve their nutritional behaviors and physical activity. This study aims to survey the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on improving physical and nutritional activities of obese and overweight women. Methods This experimental study was performed on 400 obese and overweight women over the age of 20. The sampling method was A simple random sampling. The data collection was valid and reliable self-reports measure, questionnaires. This tools was including demographic information, questionnaire based on the constructs of the theory of planned behavior, physical activity performance questionnaire and nutritional performance questionnaire that individuals completed before and 6 months after the educational intervention. The training intervention for the experimental group consisted of 12 sessions of 50–55 min. Data analyzed by SPSS22 and by using chi-square test, independent t-test and paired t-test. Results Findings showed that before the educational intervention, was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of education, household monthly income, occupation, mean age, marital status, awareness, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, physical activity and nutritional behavioral intentions, and physical activity and nutritional performance, weight and BMI. However, six months after the training intervention, there was a significant increase in each of the TPB contracts, weight and BMI in the experimental group, while no significant difference was observed in the control group. The meaningful level was considered 0.05. Conclusion Our findings partially support of applying theory of planned behavior in reducing the weight, BMI and improved nutritional performance and physical activity of the study subjects. TPB could be an important strategy for effective future educational interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khani Jeihooni
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Layeghiasl
- Departement of Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Asiyeh Yari
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Rakhshani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Interventions That Successfully Reduced Adults Salt Intake-A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010006. [PMID: 35010883 PMCID: PMC8746410 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adequate sodium intake is important for lowering blood pressure and thus reducing cardiovascular disease risk and other complications. The aim of this review is to identify recent interventions around the world that have been successful in reducing salt intake. Methods: A search in the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases was performed. We include studies published in the last 10 years; randomized trials, pilot intervention without a control arm or experimental study; adult participants; and interventions that successfully reduced salt intake. Study quality was assessed. Results: We included 21 studies, 16 randomized intervention trials and five nonrandomized intervention studies. Eleven interventions described health and nutritional education, seven interventions described nutritional education plus other interventions, and three studies used salt meters to reduce sodium intake. Conclusion: Health and nutritional education, nutritional education plus other interventions and estimates of salt intake showed success in the reduction of salt consumption. There is no evidence that one type of intervention analyzed is more effective than other in reducing salt consumption, so we must analyze each in which individuals or subpopulations will have the intervention performed and use the most suitable approaches to lead to better results.
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Cateriano-Arévalo E, Saavedra-Garcia L, Ponce-Lucero V, Miranda JJ. Applying Customer Journey Mapping in Social Marketing to Understand Salt-Related Behaviors in Cooking. A Case Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413262. [PMID: 34948870 PMCID: PMC8701153 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, salt consumption exceeds the World Health Organization’s recommendation of a daily intake of 5 g. Customer journey mapping is a research method used in market research to understand customer behaviors and experiences and could be useful in social marketing as well. This study aimed to explore the potential of customer journey mapping to better understand salt-related behaviors performed during the preparation of household cooking. We tracked the journey of four women in their kitchens for approximately two hours to observe the preparation of lunch. Individual journey maps were created, one for each woman, that were composited into a single journey map. We found that customer journey mapping was a suitable research method to understand how food preparers made decisions around adding salt and artificial seasonings at each stage of the journey. In contrast to the interviewee’ responses, it was observed that the four women added salt and artificial seasonings consistently and incrementally with little control and without any standard measure. In this study, we demonstrate the utility of customer journey mapping in a novel context and nudge social marketers to include this tool in their repertory of research methods to understand human behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Cateriano-Arévalo
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15074, Peru; (E.C.-A.); (L.S.-G.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Lorena Saavedra-Garcia
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15074, Peru; (E.C.-A.); (L.S.-G.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Vilarmina Ponce-Lucero
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15074, Peru; (E.C.-A.); (L.S.-G.); (J.J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +511-241-69-78
| | - J. Jaime Miranda
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15074, Peru; (E.C.-A.); (L.S.-G.); (J.J.M.)
- School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
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Hosseini SH, Hajebi A, Motevalian SA, Hojjat SK, Ashoorkhani M, Sadeghi R. Developing an Educational Parenting Skills Package to Parents Undergoing Substance Abuse Treatment for Preventing Addiction among Adolescents: A Study Protocol Based on Social Marketing Approach. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2021; 13:68-76. [PMID: 34703527 PMCID: PMC8519617 DOI: 10.22122/ahj.v13i2.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Developing an educational parenting skills package for parents with substance abuse may be effective in preventing the same problem in their adolescents. Social marketing is one of the approaches facilitating the preparation of educational content for this purpose. Social marketing is a regular and planned process focusing on customers and their needs for encouraging a target group to exhibit a particular behavior or adopt a specific idea. This study protocol aims to use the social marketing approach to prepare an educational parenting skills package for the parents undergoing substance abuse treatment to prevent addiction in their adolescents. Methods An educational parenting skills package will be designed and validated by a combination of qualitative research (descriptive phenomenology), scoping review, and Delphi study based on social marketing approach (4 Ps = product, price, place, promotion). The package will be prepared in four phases including educational need assessment, ranking the identified educational needs, determining the suitable health education constructs, and modeling and developing the educational content based on the identified constructs. The designed educational package will be validated from the perspective of the target group (parents undergoing substance abuse treatment) and experts. Conclusion Developing educational packages based on a scientific health education approach and mainly the Social Marketing Assessment and Response Tool (SMART) model with an emphasis on market analysis or marketing mix (4 Ps = product, price, place, promotion) can prove effective in attracting the audience and promoting the target activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hamid Hosseini
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hajebi
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors AND Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abbas Motevalian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Kaveh Hojjat
- Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ashoorkhani
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Sadeghi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Current Knowledge and Behavior towards Salt Reduction among Hong Kong Citizens: A Cross-Sectional Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189572. [PMID: 34574497 PMCID: PMC8472437 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessive dietary salt intake is prevalent in the Hong Kong community. Over the last decade, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government has been actively promoting community participation to reduce salt intake. The aim of this study was to investigate the current knowledge levels and behaviors relating to dietary salt intake among Hong Kong adults. This cross-sectional survey involved 426 adults in Hong Kong. The findings of this study identified areas of knowledge deficit in the recommended upper limit of daily salt intake for an adult set by World Health Organization (n = 295, 69.2%) indicated a lack of awareness that the overconsumption of salt could cause coronary heart disease (n = 233, 54.7%). Disengagement with salt reduction behavior, such as rarely/never checking the sodium or salt content listed on the food label (n = 252, 59.2%) and rarely/never purchasing food labelled with low salt or no salt content (n = 292, 68.9%), was reported. Excessive salt intake in dietary habits remains an under-recognized non-communicable disease threat by Hong Kong citizens, indicating ineffective responsive risk communication. There is a need to refine existing salt reduction initiatives to aid in making appropriate decisions regarding dietary salt intake among Hong Kong citizens.
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Kaveh MH, Layeghiasl M, Nazari M, Ghahremani L, Karimi M. What Are the Determinants of a Workplace Health Promotion? Application of a Social Marketing Model in Identifying Determinants of Physical Activity in the Workplace (a Qualitative Study). Front Public Health 2021; 8:614631. [PMID: 33520922 PMCID: PMC7841461 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.614631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: Physical activity is an important behavior to reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases. Providing the context for physical activity in the workplace in addition to promoting the employees' physical and mental health has significant economic benefits for organizations. We conducted the present study using a social marketing model to explain the determinants of a Workplace Health Promotion in promoting physical activity among employees of government organizations in Yasuj, Iran. Materials and methods: The present study was qualitative research with directed content analysis based on the social marketing model. Thirty-three employees of government organizations in Yasuj were included in the study using the purposive sampling method. The data collection method included semi-structured interviews and observation. Data analysis was performed manually and by the qualitative content analysis method. The implementation data were systematically sorted and analyzed and classified into five steps. Results: Organizational structure, organizational policies, and a supportive interpersonal climate were extracted and categorized as characteristics of workplace health promotion programs from participant interviews. In addition to participants' emphasis on receiving information from reputable sources, virtual communication networks such as WhatsApp and real communication networks such as physicians and specialists were their preferred media for education and information. Conclusion: Due to the complexity of workplace, diversity, and multiplicity of factors and determinants of physical activity, the findings of the present study will be a basis for designing an appropriate and effective intervention and organizational changes to promote physical activities among employees in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Kaveh
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Layeghiasl
- School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahin Nazari
- School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Ghahremani
- School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Karimi
- School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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