1
|
Tahmasebi H, Babaeizad A, Mohammadlou M, Alibabaei F, Banihashemian SZ, Eslami M. Reemergence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae disease: Pathogenesis and new approaches. Microb Pathog 2024; 196:106944. [PMID: 39284519 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
The review discusses the recurrence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae), a bacterium causing atypical pneumonia, primarily affecting Europe and Asia due to climate change, immunity decline, antibiotic resistance, and genetic heterogeneity. The COVID-19 pandemic initially reduced M. pneumoniae cases due to preventative measures, but its reemergence suggests different transmission dynamics and exacerbates clinical severity with co-infections with other viruses. The pathogenicity of M. pneumoniae is attributed to its intracellular changes, toxin release, and adhesion processes, which can result in a variety of symptoms and problems. Antibiotics and immunomodulators are used in treatment, and attempts are being made to create vaccines. Effective management of its reappearance necessitates surveillance and preventative measures, especially in the context of co-infections and potential outbreaks. M. pneumoniae's resurgence highlights its reliance on a polarized cytoskeletal architecture for host cell attachment and pathogenicity through cytoadherence and cytotoxic agent synthesis. M. pneumoniae has returned even though the COVID-19 pandemic originally reduced incidence; this might be because of things like declining immunity and particular pathogenic characteristics. Meteorological factors like temperature and humidity, along with air quality, including pollutants like PM2.5 and NO2, increase susceptibility to environmental hazards. During the pandemic, non-pharmaceutical measures decreased transmission but did not eradicate the infection. Epidemics typically occur three to five years apart, emphasizing the need for ongoing study and observation. Antimicrobial resistance is a serious issue, necessitating caution and alternative therapies, especially in macrolides. COVID-19 pandemic lessons, such as mask use and hand hygiene, may help limit M. pneumoniae transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Tahmasebi
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Babaeizad
- Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadlou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Farnaz Alibabaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Majid Eslami
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Calabrese JM, Schüler L, Fu X, Gawel E, Zozmann H, Bumberger J, Quaas M, Wolf G, Attinger S. A novel, scenario-based approach to comparing non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies across nations. J R Soc Interface 2024; 21:20240301. [PMID: 39257281 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2024.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Comparing COVID-19 response strategies across nations is a key step in preparing for future pandemics. Conventional comparisons, which rank individual non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) effects, are limited by: (i) a focus on epidemiological outcomes; (ii) NPIs typically being applied as packages of interventions; and (iii) different political, economic and social conditions among nations. Here, we develop a coupled epidemiological-behavioural-macroeconomic model that can transfer NPI effects from a reference nation to a focal nation. This approach quantifies epidemiological, behavioural and economic outcomes while accounting for both packaged NPIs and differing conditions among nations. As a first proof of concept, we take Germany as our focal nation during Spring 2020, and New Zealand and Switzerland as reference nations with contrasting NPI strategies. Our results suggest that, while New Zealand's more aggressive strategy would have yielded modest epidemiological gains in Germany, it would have resulted in substantially higher economic costs while dramatically reducing social contacts. In contrast, Switzerland's more lenient strategy would have prolonged the first wave in Germany, but would also have increased relative costs. More generally, these findings indicate that our approach can provide novel, multifaceted insights on the efficacy of pandemic response strategies, and therefore merits further exploration and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Calabrese
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Untermarkt 20 , Görlitz 02826, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstraße 400 , Dresden 01328, Germany
- Department of Ecological Modelling, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, USA
| | - Lennart Schüler
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Untermarkt 20 , Görlitz 02826, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstraße 400 , Dresden 01328, Germany
- Research Data Management-RDM, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Leipzig, Germany
- Department Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xiaoming Fu
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Untermarkt 20 , Görlitz 02826, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstraße 400 , Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Erik Gawel
- Department of Economics, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Infrastructure and Resources Management, Leipzig University , Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heinrich Zozmann
- Department of Economics, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Bumberger
- Research Data Management-RDM, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Leipzig, Germany
- Department Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) , Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Quaas
- Institute for Infrastructure and Resources Management, Leipzig University , Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) , Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerome Wolf
- ifo Institute-Leibniz Institute for Economic Research , Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Attinger
- Department of Computational Hydrosystems, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sasidharan S, Standley CJ. One Health, One Future: A Unified Approach to a Balanced Ecosystem. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:164. [PMID: 39058206 PMCID: PMC11281553 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9070164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, disease spillovers between humans and wildlife have increased in both frequency and severity [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Sasidharan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Claire J. Standley
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vallée A. Geoepidemiological perspective on COVID-19 pandemic review, an insight into the global impact. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1242891. [PMID: 37927887 PMCID: PMC10620809 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1242891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic showed major impacts, on societies worldwide, challenging healthcare systems, economies, and daily life of people. Geoepidemiology, an emerging field that combines geography and epidemiology, has played a vital role in understanding and combatting the spread of the virus. This interdisciplinary approach has provided insights into the spatial patterns, risk factors, and transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic at different scales, from local communities to global populations. Spatial patterns have revealed variations in incidence rates, with urban-rural divides and regional hotspots playing significant roles. Cross-border transmission has highlighted the importance of travel restrictions and coordinated public health responses. Risk factors such as age, underlying health conditions, socioeconomic factors, occupation, demographics, and behavior have influenced vulnerability and outcomes. Geoepidemiology has also provided insights into the transmissibility and spread of COVID-19, emphasizing the importance of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic transmission, super-spreading events, and the impact of variants. Geoepidemiology should be vital in understanding and responding to evolving new viral challenges of this and future pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jato-Espino D, Mayor-Vitoria F, Moscardó V, Capra-Ribeiro F, Bartolomé del Pino LE. Toward One Health: a spatial indicator system to model the facilitation of the spread of zoonotic diseases. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1215574. [PMID: 37457260 PMCID: PMC10340543 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1215574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent outbreaks of zoonotic infectious diseases highlight the importance of considering the interconnections between human, animal, and environmental health in disease prevention and control. This has given rise to the concept of One Health, which recognizes the interconnectedness of between human and animal health within their ecosystems. As a contribution to the One Health approach, this study aims to develop an indicator system to model the facilitation of the spread of zoonotic diseases. Initially, a literature review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement to identify relevant indicators related to One Health. The selected indicators focused on demographics, socioeconomic aspects, interactions between animal and human populations and water bodies, as well as environmental conditions related to air quality and climate. These indicators were characterized using values obtained from the literature or calculated through distance analysis, geoprocessing tasks, and other methods. Subsequently, Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques, specifically the Entropy and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods, were utilized to combine the indicators and create a composite metric for assessing the spread of zoonotic diseases. The final indicators selected were then tested against recorded zoonoses in the Valencian Community (Spain) for 2021, and a strong positive correlation was identified. Therefore, the proposed indicator system can be valuable in guiding the development of planning strategies that align with the One Health principles. Based on the results achieved, such strategies may prioritize the preservation of natural landscape features to mitigate habitat encroachment, protect land and water resources, and attenuate extreme atmospheric conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jato-Espino
- GREENIUS Research Group, Universidad Internacional de Valencia—VIU, Calle Pintor Sorolla, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Mayor-Vitoria
- GREENIUS Research Group, Universidad Internacional de Valencia—VIU, Calle Pintor Sorolla, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanessa Moscardó
- GREENIUS Research Group, Universidad Internacional de Valencia—VIU, Calle Pintor Sorolla, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fabio Capra-Ribeiro
- GREENIUS Research Group, Universidad Internacional de Valencia—VIU, Calle Pintor Sorolla, Valencia, Spain
- School of Architecture, College of Art and Design, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
McDonagh F, Cormican M, Morris D, Burke L, Singh NK, Venkateswaran K, Miliotis G. Medical Astro-Microbiology: Current Role and Future Challenges. J Indian Inst Sci 2023; 103:1-26. [PMID: 37362850 PMCID: PMC10082442 DOI: 10.1007/s41745-023-00360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The second and third decades of the twenty-first century are marked by a flourishing of space technology which may soon realise human aspirations of a permanent multiplanetary presence. The prevention, control and management of infection with microbial pathogens is likely to play a key role in how successful human space aspirations will become. This review considers the emerging field of medical astro-microbiology. It examines the current evidence regarding the risk of infection during spaceflight via host susceptibility, alterations to the host's microbiome as well as exposure to other crew members and spacecraft's microbiomes. It also considers the relevance of the hygiene hypothesis in this regard. It then reviews the current evidence related to infection risk associated with microbial adaptability in spaceflight conditions. There is a particular focus on the International Space Station (ISS), as one of the only two crewed objects in low Earth orbit. It discusses the effects of spaceflight related stressors on viruses and the infection risks associated with latent viral reactivation and increased viral shedding during spaceflight. It then examines the effects of the same stressors on bacteria, particularly in relation to changes in virulence and drug resistance. It also considers our current understanding of fungal adaptability in spaceflight. The global public health and environmental risks associated with a possible re-introduction to Earth of invasive species are also briefly discussed. Finally, this review examines the largely unknown microbiology and infection implications of celestial body habitation with an emphasis placed on Mars. Overall, this review summarises much of our current understanding of medical astro-microbiology and identifies significant knowledge gaps. Graphical Abstract
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca McDonagh
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Martin Cormican
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dearbháile Morris
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Liam Burke
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nitin Kumar Singh
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Kasthuri Venkateswaran
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Georgios Miliotis
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cajachagua-Torres KN, Quezada-Pinedo HG, Huayanay-Espinoza CA, Obeso-Manrique JA, Peña-Rodríguez VA, Vidal E, Huicho L. COVID-19 and drivers of excess death rate in Peru: A longitudinal ecological study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11948. [PMCID: PMC9710104 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peru has experienced unprecedented mortality and economic toll due to the COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic in 2020. We aimed to assess the association between socioeconomic factors and excess death rate, and to explore the relative contribution of these factors to the differences in excess death rate during January–December 2020. Methods Different national secondary data sources were used to describe excess death rates and different determinants, from distal to proximal. A confounding-adjusted multilevel mixed-effects linear regression was used to assess the association between these variables and excess death rates. Their relative contributions to the differences in excess death rate between the periods with the highest and lowest excess death rates were analyzed through regression-based Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition methods. Findings The excess death rate showed an increasing trend in all regions, with different slopes. The confounding-adjusted multilevel analysis showed that higher healthcare access was associated with lower excess death rates (difference (95%CI) -0.004 (-0.005, -0.002)), whereas COVID-19 incidence was associated with higher excess death rates (difference (95%CI) 0.052 (0.042, 0.063)). The decomposition analysis showed COVID-19 incidence (41.9%), per capita income (19.4%) and unemployment rate (14.6%) as the main risk factors, while the main protective factors included per capita health expenditure (44.7%), healthcare access (33.2%) and health insurance (12.1%). Interpretation Our study suggests that the excess death rate during the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru may have been influenced by other factors besides COVID-19 incidence, from distal to proximal drivers, including socioeconomic determinants, factors outside and within the health sector, and susceptibility factors. Further studies at individual level are needed to corroborate our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim N. Cajachagua-Torres
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Materna e Infantil and Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral y Sostenible, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, 150135, Lima, Peru
- Corresponding author.
| | - Hugo G. Quezada-Pinedo
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Materna e Infantil and Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral y Sostenible, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, 150135, Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos A. Huayanay-Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Materna e Infantil and Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral y Sostenible, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, 150135, Lima, Peru
| | - Jordan A. Obeso-Manrique
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Materna e Infantil and Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral y Sostenible, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, 150135, Lima, Peru
| | - Víctor A. Peña-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 15081, Lima, Peru
- Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Biomédicas y Medioambientales, 15081, Lima, Peru
| | - Elisa Vidal
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Materna e Infantil and Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral y Sostenible, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, 150135, Lima, Peru
| | - Luis Huicho
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Materna e Infantil and Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral y Sostenible, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, 150135, Lima, Peru
- Facultad de Medicina “Alberto Hurtado”, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, 150135, Lima, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cheshmehzangi A, Zou T, Su Z, Dawodu A. General Commentary: Whether Urbanization Has Intensified the Spread of Infectious Diseases-Renewed Question by the COVID-19 Pandemic: Urban Density and COVID-19: Correlation Between Densification, Unhealthy Urban Conditions, and the Spread of Infectious Diseases. Front Public Health 2022; 10:917350. [PMID: 35910932 PMCID: PMC9326249 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.917350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Cheshmehzangi
- Network for Education and Research on Peace and Sustainability (NERPS), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| | - Tong Zou
- Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ayotunde Dawodu
- Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shan L, Jiang Y, Liu C, Zhang J, Zhang G, Cui X. Conflict or Coordination? Spatiotemporal Coupling of Urban Population-Land Spatial Patterns and Ecological Efficiency. Front Public Health 2022; 10:890175. [PMID: 35655461 PMCID: PMC9152127 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.890175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordinated relationship between urban population–land spatial patterns (UPLSPs) and ecological efficiency (EE) is conducive not only to the rational utilization of resources and environment and the sustainable development of society, but also to the provision of a living environment that benefits public health. Identifying the coupling relationship of urban development and EE can provide critical information for urban planning. Previous studies have mainly focused on the coupling relationship between urban population and land, urbanization, and ecological development, while ignoring that between UPLSPs and EE. This study integrates several models to construct a novel framework for coupling UPLSPs and EE. Taking Hubei Province as the research area, we calculate the UPLSPs, EE, and their coupling coordination degree for 12 cities from 2000 to 2019. The paper offers several conclusions. (1) the urban population–land spatial matching degree increased, but the overall matching level was not high; the average value of EE showed an “N”-shaped change trajectory, and its overall level was low, with small changes and obvious regional differences. (2) The average value of the coupling coordination degree between UPLSPs and EE was a slow upward trend, with a radial distribution high in the middle and low in the periphery. There was conflict between the spatial patterns and EE, and the former restricted the development of the latter. (3) There were strong correlations between coordination degree and various indicators of UPLSPs and EE. While we should revitalize the stock of construction land and optimize the upgrading of the industrial structure, we also must coordinate human and land resources and the ecological environment, and narrow regional development differences. This study provides a new framework for urban environmental assessment and urban planning decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Shan
- School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuehua Jiang
- School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanghong Zhang
- School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Xufeng Cui
- School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|