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Beron AJ, Yukich JO, Berry AA, Correa A, Keating J, Bott M, Wierzba TF, Weintraub WS, Friedman-Klabanoff DJ, Mongraw-Chaffin M, Gibbs MA, Taylor YJ, Kissinger PJ, Hayes DV, Schieffelin JS, Burke BK, Oberhelman RA. Assessment of sociodemographic factors associated with time to self-reported COVID-19 infection among a large multi-center prospective cohort population in the southeastern United States. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293787. [PMID: 39240796 PMCID: PMC11379301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate sociodemographic factors associated with self-reported COVID-19 infection. METHODS The study population was a prospective multicenter cohort of adult volunteers recruited from healthcare systems located in the mid-Atlantic and southern United States. Between April 2020 and October 2021, participants completed daily online questionnaires about symptoms, exposures, and risk behaviors related to COVID-19, including self-reports of positive SARS CoV-2 detection tests and COVID-19 vaccination. Analysis of time from study enrollment to self-reported COVID-19 infection used a time-varying mixed effects Cox-proportional hazards framework. RESULTS Overall, 1,603 of 27,214 study participants (5.9%) reported a positive COVID-19 test during the study period. The adjusted hazard ratio demonstrated lower risk for women, those with a graduate level degree, and smokers. A higher risk was observed for healthcare workers, those aged 18-34, those in rural areas, those from households where a member attends school or interacts with the public, and those who visited a health provider in the last year. CONCLUSIONS We identified subgroups within healthcare network populations defined by age, occupational exposure, and rural location reporting higher than average rates of COVID-19 infection for our surveillance population. These subgroups should be monitored closely in future epidemics of respiratory viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Beron
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Joshua O Yukich
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Andrea A Berry
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Joseph Keating
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Matthew Bott
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Thomas F Wierzba
- Section of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William S Weintraub
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland, United States of America
- Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - DeAnna J Friedman-Klabanoff
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Morgana Mongraw-Chaffin
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael A Gibbs
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yhenneko J Taylor
- Center for Health System Sciences, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Patricia J Kissinger
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Devin V Hayes
- Vysnova Partners, Landover, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John S Schieffelin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Brian K Burke
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Richard A Oberhelman
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
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Lidenge SJ, Yalcin D, Bennett SJ, Ngalamika O, Kweyamba BB, Mwita CJ, Tso FY, Mwaiselage J, West JT, Wood C. Viral Epitope Scanning Reveals Correlation between Seasonal HCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses among Cancer and Non-Cancer Patients. Viruses 2024; 16:448. [PMID: 38543814 PMCID: PMC10975915 DOI: 10.3390/v16030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Seasonal coronaviruses (HCoVs) are known to contribute to cross-reactive antibody (Ab) responses against SARS-CoV-2. While these responses are predictable due to the high homology between SARS-CoV-2 and other CoVs, the impact of these responses on susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients is unclear. To investigate the influence of prior HCoV infection on anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ab responses among COVID-19 asymptomatic individuals with cancer and controls without cancers, we utilized the VirScan technology in which phage immunoprecipitation and sequencing (PhIP-seq) of longitudinal plasma samples was performed to investigate high-resolution (i.e., epitope level) humoral CoV responses. Despite testing positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ab in the plasma, a majority of the participants were asymptomatic for COVID-19 with no prior history of COVID-19 diagnosis. Although the magnitudes of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ab responses were lower in individuals with Kaposi sarcoma (KS) compared to non-KS cancer individuals and those without cancer, the HCoV Ab repertoire was similar between individuals with and without cancer independent of age, sex, HIV status, and chemotherapy. The magnitudes of the anti-spike HCoV responses showed a strong positive association with those of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike in cancer patients, and only a weak association in non-cancer patients, suggesting that prior infection with HCoVs might play a role in limiting SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salum J. Lidenge
- Department of Clinical Research, Training, and Consultancy, Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 3592, Tanzania; (S.J.L.); (B.B.K.); (J.M.)
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 65001, Tanzania
| | - Dicle Yalcin
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (D.Y.); (S.J.B.); (F.Y.T.); (J.T.W.)
| | - Sydney J. Bennett
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (D.Y.); (S.J.B.); (F.Y.T.); (J.T.W.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68516, USA
| | - Owen Ngalamika
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, University Teaching Hospital, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka P.O. Box 50001, Zambia;
| | - Brenda B. Kweyamba
- Department of Clinical Research, Training, and Consultancy, Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 3592, Tanzania; (S.J.L.); (B.B.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Chacha J. Mwita
- Department of Clinical Research, Training, and Consultancy, Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 3592, Tanzania; (S.J.L.); (B.B.K.); (J.M.)
| | - For Yue Tso
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (D.Y.); (S.J.B.); (F.Y.T.); (J.T.W.)
| | - Julius Mwaiselage
- Department of Clinical Research, Training, and Consultancy, Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 3592, Tanzania; (S.J.L.); (B.B.K.); (J.M.)
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 65001, Tanzania
| | - John T. West
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (D.Y.); (S.J.B.); (F.Y.T.); (J.T.W.)
| | - Charles Wood
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (D.Y.); (S.J.B.); (F.Y.T.); (J.T.W.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68516, USA
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Palu E, McBride KA, Simmons D, Thompson R, Cavallaro C, Cooper E, Felila M, MacMillan F. Adequacy of health message tailoring for ethnic minorities: Pasifika communities in Sydney, Australia, during COVID-19. Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daad197. [PMID: 38365189 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethnic minorities, such as Pasifika, residing in high-income countries were at higher risk of COVID-19 infection during the pandemic. To understand the experiences of Pasifika, including message dissemination and barriers to tailored public health messaging during the pandemic, a qualitative study was undertaken, underpinned by Laswell's Model of Communication and Bandura's social cognitive theory with data collected using Pasifika methods. Pasifika adults (n = 65) were recruited across Sydney from July 2020 to March 2022. Health care professionals (HCP) (n = 17) employed by four local health districts (LHDs) and Pasifika community-based organizations delivering multicultural COVID-19-related work within the study catchment, were also recruited. Five themes were constructed from the data of: (i) prevailing fear and uncertainty over COVID-19 infection and losing employment; (ii) limited knowledge of government perpetuating distrust in Government as a benevolent source of information; (iii) faith and trust as priorities for health decision-making; (iv) 'Coconut wireless'-the role of family, friends and community in disseminating public health messages through word of mouth; and (v) limited health literacy affecting compliance with public health orders. Community members identified important messages and resources had not been sufficiently distributed. Most HCPs understood the necessity of grassroots-level engagement but reported existing approaches were inadequate to navigate challenges. These findings highlight the need for public health promotion and communication strategies that consider both the social and cultural determinants of health. We propose a 7-point checklist as a cultural appropriateness lens to assist the development and rating of existing or new health promotion messaging and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Palu
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate A McBride
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Translational Research Unit, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - David Simmons
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Translational Research Unit, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Macarthur Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronda Thompson
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Ellen Cooper
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Makeleta Felila
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Freya MacMillan
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Translational Research Unit, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Macarthur Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
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Maguire C, Soloveichik E, Blinchevsky N, Miller J, Morrison R, Busch J, Brode WM, Wylie D, Rousseau J, Melamed E. Dissecting Clinical Features of COVID-19 in a Cohort of 21,312 Acute Care Patients. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.27.23297171. [PMID: 38076907 PMCID: PMC10705621 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.27.23297171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 has resulted in over 645 million hospitalization and 7 million deaths globally. However, many questions still remain about clinical complications in COVID-19 and if these complications changed with different circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains. We analyzed a 2.5-year retrospective cohort of 47,063 encounters for 21,312 acute care patients at five Central Texas hospitals and define distinct trajectory groups (TGs) with latent class mixed modeling, based on the World Health Organization COVID-19 Ordinal Scale. Using this TG framework, we evaluated the association of demographics, diagnoses, vitals, labs, imaging, consultations, and medications with COVID-19 severity and broad clinical outcomes. Patients within 6 distinct TGs differed in manifestations of multi-organ disease and multiple clinical factors. The proportion of mild patients increased over time, particularly during Omicron waves. Age separated mild and fatal patients, though did not distinguish patients with severe versus critical disease. Male and Hispanic/Latino demographics were associated with more severe/critical TGs. More severe patients had a higher rate of neuropsychiatric diagnoses, consultations, and brain imaging, which did not change significantly in severe patients across SARS-CoV-2 variant waves. More severely affected patients also demonstrated an immunological signature of high neutrophils and immature granulocytes, and low lymphocytes and monocytes. Interestingly, low albumin was one of the best lab predictors of COVID-19 severity in association with higher malnutrition in severe/critical patients, raising concern of nutritional insufficiency influencing COVID-19 outcomes. Despite this, only a small fraction of severe/critical patients had nutritional labs checked (pre-albumin, thiamine, Vitamin D, B vitamins) or received targeted interventions to address nutritional deficiencies such as vitamin replacement. Our findings underscore the significant link between COVID-19 severity, neuropsychiatric complications, and nutritional insufficiency as key risk factors of COVID-19 outcomes and raise the question of the need for more widespread early assessment of patients' neurological, psychiatric, and nutritional status in acute care settings to help identify those at risk of severe disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Maguire
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School
| | - Elie Soloveichik
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School
| | - Netta Blinchevsky
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School
| | - Jaimie Miller
- Enterprise Data Intelligence, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School
| | - Robert Morrison
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School
| | - Johanna Busch
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School
| | - W Michael Brode
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School
| | - Dennis Wylie
- Center for Biomedical Support, The University of Texas at Austin
| | | | - Esther Melamed
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School
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Davis KL, Ackermann N, Klesges LM, Leahy N, Walsh-Bailey C, Humble S, Drake B, Sanders Thompson VL. Understanding disruptions in cancer care to reduce increased cancer burden. eLife 2023; 12:e85024. [PMID: 37643471 PMCID: PMC10449381 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study seeks to understand how and for whom COVID-19 disrupted cancer care to understand the potential for cancer health disparities across the cancer prevention and control continuum. Methods In this cross-sectional study, participants age 30+residing in an 82-county region in Missouri and Illinois completed an online survey from June-August 2020. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables separately and by care disruption status. Logistic regression modeling was conducted to determine the correlates of care disruption. Results Participants (N=680) reported 21% to 57% of cancer screening or treatment appointments were canceled/postponed from March 2020 through the end of 2020. Approximately 34% of residents stated they would need to know if their doctor's office is taking the appropriate COVID-related safety precautions to return to care. Higher education (OR = 1.26, 95% CI:1.11-1.43), identifying as female (OR = 1.60, 95% CI:1.12-2.30), experiencing more discrimination in healthcare settings (OR = 1.40, 95% CI:1.13-1.72), and having scheduled a telehealth appointment (OR = 1.51, 95% CI:1.07-2.15) were associated with higher odds of care disruption. Factors associated with care disruption were not consistent across races. Higher odds of care disruption for White residents were associated with higher education, female identity, older age, and having scheduled a telehealth appointment, while higher odds of care disruption for Black residents were associated only with higher education. Conclusions This study provides an understanding of the factors associated with cancer care disruption and what patients need to return to care. Results may inform outreach and engagement strategies to reduce delayed cancer screenings and encourage returning to cancer care. Funding This study was supported by the National Cancer Institute's Administrative Supplements for P30 Cancer Center Support Grants (P30CA091842-18S2 and P30CA091842-19S4). Kia L. Davis, Lisa Klesges, Sarah Humble, and Bettina Drake were supported by the National Cancer Institute's P50CA244431 and Kia L. Davis was also supported by the Breast Cancer Research Foundation. Callie Walsh-Bailey was supported by NIMHD T37 MD014218. The content does not necessarily represent the official view of these funding agencies and is solely the responsibility of the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kia L Davis
- Department of Surgery, Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
| | - Nicole Ackermann
- Department of Surgery, Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
| | - Lisa M Klesges
- Department of Surgery, Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
| | - Nora Leahy
- Department of Surgery, Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
| | | | - Sarah Humble
- Department of Surgery, Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
| | - Bettina Drake
- Department of Surgery, Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
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Browning CJ, Ory MG. Editorial: Women in science: aging and public health 2022. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1226240. [PMID: 37383267 PMCID: PMC10296159 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1226240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Colette J. Browning
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Marcia G. Ory
- Center for Community Health and Aging, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Association between cardiopulmonary function, health-related quality of life and cognitive impairment among the older nursing home residents in Shanghai, China. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2023; 24:e18. [PMID: 36919826 PMCID: PMC10050953 DOI: 10.1017/s1463423623000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the association between cardiopulmonary function, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and cognitive function among nursing home residents aged 80 years and over. METHODS A nursing home-based, cross-sectional study was implemented among 677 aged over 80 years in Shanghai, China. A total of 197 participants underwent effective cardiopulmonary function examinations. Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and Short Form-36 scales (SF-36) were used to assess cognitive function and HRQOL, respectively. RESULTS Decline in left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) [adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.98; 95% confidential interval (CI), 1.03-3.81)] and vital capacity (VC) (AOR, 2.08; 95%CI, 1.07-4.04) was associated with cognitive impairment. After adjusting confounding factors, relationships between cognitive function and physical functioning (PF) (AOR, 0.98; 95%CI, 0.97-0.99) still existed. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare professionals should pay more attention to cardiopulmonary health and HRQOL in the nursing home residents. Actions of public health strategies focus on the improvement of cardiopulmonary function, and PF among older nursing home residents with cognitive impairment is required.
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Khamis F, Al Awaidy S, Ba’Omar M, Osman W, Chhetri S, Ambusaid Z, Al Fahdi Z, Al Lawati J, Al Sulaimi K, Al Bulushi SA, Al Bahrani M, Al-Zakwani I. The Impact of Demographic, Clinical Characteristics and the Various COVID-19 Variant Types on All-Cause Mortality: A Case-Series Retrospective Study. Diseases 2022; 10:100. [PMID: 36412594 PMCID: PMC9680441 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10040100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly evolved into a pandemic affecting virtually every country in the world. We evaluated the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and all-cause mortality of moderate and severe COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Oman during the different COVID-19 waves and variant types. (2) Methods: A case-series retrospective study was carried out between 12 March 2020 and 30 June 2022. All adults over the age of 18 with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled. Analyses were performed using univariate and multivariate statistics. (3) Results: A total of 1462 confirmed cases enrolled with the mean age of the cohort was 55 ± 17 years with significant differences among the groups (p = 0.006). A total of 63% and 80% of the patients were males and citizens of Oman, respectively. Patients infected with the Alpha COVID-19 variant type were more likely to have acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (p < 0.001), stay longer in the hospital (p < 0.001), and get admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (p < 0.001). At the same time, those who had the Omicron COVID-19 type were more likely to have renal impairment (p < 0.001) and less likely to be associated with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) (p = 0.001) compared with other COVID-19 variant types. The Delta (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22−2.66; p = 0.003) and Omicron (aOR, 1.88; 95% CI: 1.09−3.22; p = 0.022) COVID-19 variant types were associated with higher all-cause mortality when compared to the initial COVID-19 variant. Old age (aOR, 1.05; 95% CI: 1.04−1.06; p < 0.001), the presence of respiratory disease (aOR, 1.58; 95% CI: 1.02−2.44; p = 0.04), ICU admission (aOR, 3.41; 95% CI: 2.16−5.39; p < 0.001), lower eGFR (aOR, 1.61; 95% CI: 1.17−2.23; p = 0.004), and ARDS (aOR, 5.75; 95% CI: 3.69−8.98; p < 0.001) were also associated with higher mortality while NIV requirements were associated with lower odds of dying (aOR, 0.65; 95% CI: 0.46−0.91; p = 0.012). (4) Conclusions: Alpha and Delta variants were associated with a longer hospital stay, need for intensive care, mechanical ventilation, and increased mortality. Old age, cardiac renal dysfunction were commonly associated with Omicron variants. Large-scale national studies to further assess the risk factors for mortality related to COVID-19 waves are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faryal Khamis
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, PC 111, Oman
| | | | - Muna Ba’Omar
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, PC 111, Oman
| | - Wessam Osman
- Department of Medicine, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, PC 111, Oman
| | - Shabnam Chhetri
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, PC 111, Oman
| | - Zaiyana Ambusaid
- Department of Medicine, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, PC 111, Oman
| | - Zakariya Al Fahdi
- Department of Medicine, Nizwa Hospital, Ministry of Health, Nizwa, PC 611, Oman
| | - Jaber Al Lawati
- Department of Medicine, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, PC 111, Oman
| | - Khalsa Al Sulaimi
- Department of Medicine, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, PC 111, Oman
| | | | - Maher Al Bahrani
- Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, PC 111, Oman
| | - Ibrahim Al-Zakwani
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, PC 123, Oman
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Akil L, Barner YM, Bisht A, Okoye E, Ahmad HA. COVID-19 Incidence and Death Rates in the Southern Region of the United States: A Racial and Ethnic Association. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13990. [PMID: 36360871 PMCID: PMC9657288 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread worldwide, with over half a billion cases linked to over 6 million deaths globally. COVID-19 has impacted populations unequally based on income, age, race, sex, and geographical location. This study aimed to characterize COVID-19 incidence and death rate trends in six states of the southern region of the USA and to understand the demographic and racial differences in its incidence and death rates. Data for the study were collected from the COVID-19 Data tracker of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the following southern states: Alabama (AL), Florida (FL), Georgia (GA), Louisiana (LA), Mississippi (MS), and Tennessee (TN). The results showed a significant geographical variation in the COVID-19 cases and related deaths. Significant variations in COVID-19 cases and death rates were observed among different races and ethnic groups. The highest number of COVID-19 cases were observed among the Hispanic and Black populations, and the highest death rates were found among non-Hispanic Blacks and Whites. The southern states included in this paper showed a high number of COVID-19 cases and high death rates during the study period. These increased rates may result from the low socioeconomic status and large minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luma Akil
- Department of Behavioral and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Yalanda M. Barner
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Anamika Bisht
- Department of Behavioral and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Ebele Okoye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Hafiz Anwar Ahmad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
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Chaipitakporn C, Athavale P, Kumar V, Sathiyakumar T, Budišić M, Sur S, Mondal S. COVID-19 in the U.S. during pre-vaccination period: Shifting impact of sociodemographic factors and air pollution. FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 2:927189. [PMID: 38455291 PMCID: PMC10910972 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2022.927189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Pandemic "wave" usually refers to the rise and fall of the infections with time, however, for a large country, the variations due to geographical location could be considerable. In this work, we investigated COVID-19 infection and fatality across the U.S. during the pandemic waves in the pre-vaccination period (January 2020-December 2020). Focusing on counties with a population ≥100,000, the data from the entire period were first segmented into two equal phases roughly corresponding to the first pandemic wave and subsequent surge, and each phase was further divided into two zones based on infection rate. We studied the potential influences of six sociodemographic variables (population density, age, poverty, education, and percentage of Hispanic and African American population) and four air pollutants (PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and O3) on the differences in infection and fatality observed among different phases and zones. We noticed a distinct difference in the overall impact of COVID-19 between the two phases of the pre-vaccination period with a substantial decrease in the fatality in the second phase despite an increase in the infection. Analysis using log-linear regression modeling further revealed a shift in the impact of several risk factors considered in this study. For example, population density and lesser education were found to be significant for infection during the first phase of the pandemic alone. Furthermore, population density and lesser education along with poverty and NO2 level had a significant contribution to fatality during the first phase of the pandemic, while age over 65 years was important in both phases. Interestingly, the effects of many of these factors were found to be significant only in the zones with higher infection rates. Our findings indicate that the impacts of several well-known sociodemographic and environmental risk factors for COVID-19 are not constant throughout the course of the pandemic, and therefore, careful considerations should be made about their role when developing preventative and mitigative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaya Chaipitakporn
- David D. Reh School of Business, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Prashant Athavale
- Department of Mathematics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Mathematics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | | | - Marko Budišić
- Department of Mathematics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Shantanu Sur
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Sumona Mondal
- Department of Mathematics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
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Partohaghighi M, Kumar V, Akgül A. Comparative Study of the Fractional-Order Crime System as a Social Epidemic of the USA Scenario. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED AND COMPUTATIONAL MATHEMATICS 2022; 8:190. [PMID: 35875468 PMCID: PMC9288354 DOI: 10.1007/s40819-022-01399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Patel HM, Khandwala S, Somani P, Li Q, Tovar S, Montano A. Determining whether ethnic minorities with severe obesity face a disproportionate risk of serious disease and death from COVID-19: outcomes from a Southern California-based retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059132. [PMID: 35768090 PMCID: PMC9243495 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity has been recognised as a risk factor for poor outcomes associated with COVID-19. Ethnic minorities with COVID-19 have been independently found to fare poorly. We aim to determine if ethnic minorities with severe obesity-defined as a body mass index (BMI) above 40 kg/m²-experience higher rates of hospitalisation, invasive ventilation and death. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective cohort study from 1 March 2020 to 28 February 2021 within an integrated healthcare organisation in Southern California. PARTICIPANTS We identified 373 831 patients by COVID-19 diagnosis code or positive laboratory test. METHODS Multivariable Poisson regression with robust error variance estimated adjusted risks of hospitalisation, invasive ventilator use and death within 30 days. Risks were stratified by ethnicity and BMI. RESULTS We identified multiple differences in risk of poor outcomes across BMI categories within individual ethnic groups. Hospitalisation risk with a BMI over 45 kg/m² was greater in Asian (RR 2.31, 95% CI 1.53 to 3.49; p<0.001), Hispanic (RR 3.22, 95% CI 2.99 to 3.48; p<0.001) and Pacific Islander (RR 3.79, 95% CI 2.49 to 5.75; p<0.001) patients compared with White (RR 2.04, 95% CI 1.79 to 2.33; p<0.001) and Black (RR 2.00, 95% CI 1.70 to 2.34; p<0.001) patients. A similar trend was observed with invasive ventilation risk. The risk of death was greater in Asian (RR 3.96, 95% CI 1.88 to 8.33; p<0.001), Hispanic (RR 3.03, 95% CI 2.53 to 3.61; p<0.001) and Pacific Islander (RR 4.60, 95% CI 1.42 to 14.92; p=0.011) patients compared with White (RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.91; p=0.005) and Black (RR 2.83, 95% CI 1.99 to 4.02; p<0.001) patients with a BMI over 45 kg/m². CONCLUSIONS Ethnic minorities with severe obesity, particularly Asian, Hispanic and Pacific Islander patients, had a statistically significant higher risk of hospitalisation, invasive ventilator use and death due to COVID-19. Potential explanations include differences in adipose tissue deposition, overall inflammation and ACE-2 receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemesh Mahesh Patel
- Family Medicine and Virtual Medicine, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Huntington Beach, California, USA
| | - Shefali Khandwala
- Family Medicine, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA
| | - Poonam Somani
- Internal Medicine, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Simi Valley, California, USA
| | - Qiaowu Li
- Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Tovar
- Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Alejandra Montano
- Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA
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Lekagul A, Chattong A, Rueangsom P, Waleewong O, Tangcharoensathien V. Multi-dimensional impacts of Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on Sustainable Development Goal achievement. Global Health 2022; 18:65. [PMID: 35761400 PMCID: PMC9235167 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-022-00861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health, social and economic crises triggered by the Coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) can derail progress and achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. This commentary analyses the complex nexus of multi-dimensional impacts of the pandemic on people, prosperity, planet, partnership and peace. From our analysis, we generate a causal loop diagram explaining these complex pathways and proposed policy recommendations. MAIN TEXT Health systems, health and wellbeing of people are directly affected by the pandemic, while impacts on prosperity, education, food security and environment are indirect consequences from pandemic containment, notably social measures, business and school closures and international travel restrictions. The magnitude of impacts is determined by the level of prior vulnerability and inequity in the society, and the effectiveness and timeliness of comprehensive pandemic responses. CONCLUSIONS To exit the acute phase of the pandemic, equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines by all countries and continued high coverage of face masks and hand hygiene are critical entry points. During recovery, governments should strengthen preparedness based on the One Health approach, rebuild resilient health systems and an equitable society, ensure universal health coverage and social protection mechanisms for all. Governments should review progress and challenges from the pandemic and sustain a commitment to implementing the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angkana Lekagul
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand.
| | - Anamika Chattong
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Putthipanya Rueangsom
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Orratai Waleewong
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
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