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Elafify M, Liao X, Feng J, Ahn J, Ding T. Biofilm formation in food industries: Challenges and control strategies for food safety. Food Res Int 2024; 190:114650. [PMID: 38945629 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Various pathogens have the ability to grow on food matrices and instruments. This grow may reach to form biofilms. Bacterial biofilms are community of microorganisms embedded in extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) containing lipids, DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides. These EPSs provide a tolerance and favorable living condition for microorganisms. Biofilm formations could not only contribute a risk for food safety but also have negative impacts on healthcare sector. Once biofilms form, they reveal resistances to traditional detergents and disinfectants, leading to cross-contamination. Inhibition of biofilms formation and abolition of mature biofilms is the main target for controlling of biofilm hazards in the food industry. Some novel eco-friendly technologies such as ultrasound, ultraviolet, cold plasma, magnetic nanoparticles, different chemicals additives as vitamins, D-amino acids, enzymes, antimicrobial peptides, and many other inhibitors provide a significant value on biofilm inhibition. These anti-biofilm agents represent promising tools for food industries and researchers to interfere with different phases of biofilms including adherence, quorum sensing molecules, and cell-to-cell communication. This perspective review highlights the biofilm formation mechanisms, issues associated with biofilms, environmental factors influencing bacterial biofilm development, and recent strategies employed to control biofilm-forming bacteria in the food industry. Further studies are still needed to explore the effects of biofilm regulation in food industries and exploit more regulation strategies for improving the quality and decreasing economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elafify
- Future Food Laboratory, Innovative Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiashan 314100, China; Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Xinyu Liao
- Future Food Laboratory, Innovative Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiashan 314100, China
| | - Jinsong Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Juhee Ahn
- Future Food Laboratory, Innovative Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiashan 314100, China; Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tian Ding
- Future Food Laboratory, Innovative Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiashan 314100, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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2
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Dahle S, Žigon J, Fink R. Cold plasma for sustainable control of hygienically relevant biofilms. The interaction of plasma distance and exposure time. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:340-354. [PMID: 36436211 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2149710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the efficacy of a new cold plasma device adapted for treatment with a low power consumption . We tested the reduction of bacterial cells in biofilms of E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. . The results show significant differences between bacterial cells, suggesting that Gramme-positive S. aureus is less susceptible to plasma treatment than Gramme-negative E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Increasing the exposure time and decreasing the distance decreases the number of cells in the biofilm. However, the combination of close distance and long exposure time resulted in synergistic effects. We demonstrated a reduction of up to 6.6 log CFU cm2 for E. coli at 1 mm and an exposure time of 60 seconds. All these indicate that the new cold plasma jet device can be an important key to ensuring hygiene and numerous applications in medicine and engineering are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dahle
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jure Žigon
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Fink
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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3
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Mohseni P, Ghorbani A, Fariborzi N. Exploring the potential of cold plasma therapy in treating bacterial infections in veterinary medicine: opportunities and challenges. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1240596. [PMID: 37720476 PMCID: PMC10502341 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1240596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold plasma therapy is a novel approach that has shown significant promise in treating bacterial infections in veterinary medicine. Cold plasma possesses the potential to eliminate various bacteria, including those that are resistant to antibiotics, which renders it a desirable substitute for traditional antibiotics. Furthermore, it can enhance the immune system and facilitate the process of wound healing. However, there are some challenges associated with the use of cold plasma in veterinary medicine, such as achieving consistent and uniform exposure to the affected area, determining optimal treatment conditions, and evaluating the long-term impact on animal health. This paper explores the potential of cold plasma therapy in veterinary medicine for managing bacterial diseases, including respiratory infections, skin infections, and wound infections such as Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus subtilis. It also shows the opportunities and challenges associated with its use. In conclusion, the paper highlights the promising potential of utilizing cold plasma in veterinary medicine. However, to gain a comprehensive understanding of its benefits and limitations, further research is required. Future studies should concentrate on refining treatment protocols and assessing the long-term effects of cold plasma therapy on bacterial infections and the overall health of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Mohseni
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abozar Ghorbani
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj, Iran
| | - Niloofar Fariborzi
- Department of Biology and Control of Diseases Vector, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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4
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Cui H, Wang Q, Rai R, Salvi D, Nitin N. DNA-based surrogates for the validation of microbial inactivation using cold atmospheric pressure plasma and plasma-activated water processing. J FOOD ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2022.111267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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5
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Bakhshzadmahmoudi M, Morshedian N, Mehramiz A, Kharaghani M. Inactivation of Escherichia coli by atmospheric pressure plasma jet in water. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2022; 20:962-971. [PMID: 35768970 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this work is inactivation of Escherichia coli in water using a laboratory-scale radio-frequency atmospheric pressure Argon plasma jet. This bacterium is widely present in the environment, especially in drinking water, and its pathogenic effects are very harmful. For this purpose, an Argon flow rate of 3.5 slm, maximum plasma power of 200 W, and discharge frequency of 13.56 MHz was conducted to generate a uniform plasma plume for water treatment. 150 ml of drinking water contaminated by E. coli was exposed to the radiation of plasma placed about 3 cm within the water, the treatment time varied from 2 to 6 minutes at 100, 150, and 200 W of plasma input power. The temperature of the plume, discharge current and voltage, and electron density were all measured to characterize the plasma. Active species such as excited molecules, ions, and radicals produced in the plasma in water were detected using the optical emission spectroscopy method. The decreasing behavior of live bacteria versus exposure time and plasma jet input power was observed, and finally, at the discharge power of 200 W and 6 min, an effective inactivation was achieved and the number of bacteria reduced from 92×104 to less than 1.7 MPN/100 ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bakhshzadmahmoudi
- Plasma and Nuclear Fusion Research School, Nuclear Science and Technologies Institute, Tehran, Iran E-mail:
| | - Nader Morshedian
- Plasma and Nuclear Fusion Research School, Nuclear Science and Technologies Institute, Tehran, Iran E-mail:
| | - Ahmad Mehramiz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Manijeh Kharaghani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
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6
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Poole J. From the Chief Executive and
IFST
News. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fsat.3601_3.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Dhivya R, Rajakrishnapriya VC, Sruthi K, Chidanand DV, Sunil CK, Rawson A. Biofilm combating in the food industry: Overview, non‐thermal approaches, and mechanisms. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Dhivya
- Industry Academia Cell National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM) ‐ Thanjavur Thanjavur India
| | - V. C. Rajakrishnapriya
- Industry Academia Cell National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM) ‐ Thanjavur Thanjavur India
| | - K. Sruthi
- Industry Academia Cell National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM) ‐ Thanjavur Thanjavur India
| | - D. V. Chidanand
- Industry Academia Cell National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM) ‐ Thanjavur Thanjavur India
| | - C. K. Sunil
- Department of Food Engineering National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM) ‐ Thanjavur Thanjavur India
| | - Ashish Rawson
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Testing National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM) ‐ Thanjavur Thanjavur India
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Wason S, Verma T, Subbiah J. Validation of process technologies for enhancing the safety of low-moisture foods: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:4950-4992. [PMID: 34323364 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The outbreaks linked to foodborne illnesses in low-moisture foods are frequently reported due to the occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms such as Salmonella Spp. Bacillus cereus, Clostridium spp., Cronobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The ability of the pathogens to withstand the dry conditions and to develop resistance to heat is regarded as the major concern for the food industry dealing with low-moisture foods. In this regard, the present review is aimed to discuss the importance and the use of novel thermal and nonthermal technologies such as radiofrequency, steam pasteurization, plasma, and gaseous technologies for decontamination of foodborne pathogens in low-moisture foods and their microbial inactivation mechanisms. The review also summarizes the various sources of contamination and the factors influencing the survival and thermal resistance of pathogenic microorganisms in low-moisture foods. The literature survey indicated that the nonthermal techniques such as CO2 , high-pressure processing, and so on, may not offer effective microbial inactivation in low-moisture foods due to their insufficient moisture content. On the other hand, gases can penetrate deep inside the commodities and pores due to their higher diffusion properties and are regarded to have an advantage over thermal and other nonthermal processes. Further research is required to evaluate newer intervention strategies and combination treatments to enhance the microbial inactivation in low-moisture foods without significantly altering their organoleptic and nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Wason
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Tushar Verma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jeyamkondan Subbiah
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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9
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Hosseini SM, Hosseinzadeh Samani B, Rostami S, Lorigooini Z. Design and characterisation of jet cold atmospheric pressure plasma and its effect on
Escherichia coli
, colour, pH, and bioactive compounds of sour cherry juice. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mehdi Hosseini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems Shahrekord University Rahbar Boulevard Shahrekord 64165478 Iran
| | - Bahram Hosseinzadeh Samani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems Shahrekord University Rahbar Boulevard Shahrekord 64165478 Iran
| | - Sajad Rostami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems Shahrekord University Rahbar Boulevard Shahrekord 64165478 Iran
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center Basic Health Sciences Institute Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Shahrekord 8815713471 Iran
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10
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Nasiru MM, Frimpong EB, Muhammad U, Qian J, Mustapha AT, Yan W, Zhuang H, Zhang J. Dielectric barrier discharge cold atmospheric plasma: Influence of processing parameters on microbial inactivation in meat and meat products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2626-2659. [PMID: 33876887 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Decontamination of meat is commonly practiced to get rid of or decrease the microbial presence on the meat surface. Dielectric barrier discharge cold atmospheric plasma (DBD-CAP) as innovative technology is a food microbial inactivation technique considered in high regard by food scientists and engineers in present times. However, cold atmospheric plasma application is at the experimental stage, due to lack of sufficient information on its mode of action in inactivating microbes, food shelf-life extensibility, whereas, the nutritional value of food is preserved. In this review, we have appraised recent work on DBD-CAP concerning the decontamination treatment of meat products, highlighting the processing value results on the efficacy of the DBD-CAP microbial inactivation technique. Also, the paper will review the configurations, proposed mechanisms, and chemistry of DBD-CAP. Satisfactory microbial inactivation was observed. In terms of DBD-CAP application on sensory evaluation, inferences from reviewed literature showed that DBD has no significant effect on meat color and tenderness, whereas in contrast, TBARS values of fresh and processed meat are affected. DBD seems economically efficient and environmentally sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Muhammad Nasiru
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Kankara-Katsina Road, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina, 821101, Nigeria
| | - Evans Boateng Frimpong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
| | - Umair Muhammad
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Qian
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
| | | | - Wenjing Yan
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
| | - Hong Zhuang
- Quality and Safety Assessment Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jianhao Zhang
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
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11
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Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella on Stainless Steel by a Piezoelectric Cold Atmospheric Plasma Generator. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11083567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) is a novel non-thermal technology that is gaining increasing importance as a decontamination method. Stainless steel is a widespread food contact surface used in food-processing environments. In this study, for the first time, a low-voltage piezoelectric CAP device that uses ambient air was assessed for its antimicrobial efficiency against Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes. These inoculated on stainless steel at different exposure times (0–300 s), two different distances (10 and 20 mm), and two different cleanliness levels (clean and protein-soiled). Two inactivation models were compared to study the inactivation kinetics of the pathogens. The results showed that CAP treatment effectively reduced L. monocytogenes and Salmonella levels. The Weibull + tail model showed better goodness of fit than the Weibull model. Protein-soiled coupons showed a protective effect to cold plasma inactivation achieving lower reductions compared to clean stainless-steel coupons for both L. monocytogenes and Salmonella. Longer distances from the plasma source decreased the decontamination efficiency of CAP; however, the difference in pathogen reduction was less pronounced at longer exposure times. This study demonstrates the capacity of a low-voltage piezoelectric CAP device to effectively reduce the levels of both foodborne pathogens on stainless-steel surfaces and the potential to adopt this technology by the food industry as a disinfection process of surfaces to reduce cross-contamination and thus increase safety.
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12
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El Kadri H, Costello KM, Thomas P, Wantock T, Sandison G, Harle T, Fabris AL, Gutierrez-Merino J, Velliou EG. The antimicrobial efficacy of remote cold atmospheric plasma effluent against single and mixed bacterial biofilms of varying age. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110126. [PMID: 33641993 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a minimal food processing technology of increasing interest in the food industry, as it is mild in nature compared to traditional methods (e.g. pasteurisation) and thus can maintain the food's desirable qualities. However, due to this mild nature, the potential exists for post-treatment microbial survival and/or stress adaptation. Furthermore, biofilm inactivation by CAP is underexplored and mostly studied on specific foods or on plastic/polymer surfaces. Co-culture effects, biofilm age, and innate biofilm-associated resistance could all impact CAP efficacy, while studies on real foods are limited to the food product investigated without accounting for structural complexity. The effect of a Remote and Enclosed CAP device (Fourth State Medicine Ltd) was investigated on Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua grown as planktonic cells and as single or mixed bacterial biofilms of variable age, on a biphasic viscoelastic food model of controlled rheological and structural complexity. Post-CAP viability was assessed by plate counts, cell sublethal injury was quantified using flow cytometry, and biofilms were characterised and assessed using total protein content and microscopy techniques. A greater impact of CAP on planktonic cells was observed at higher air flow rates, where the ReCAP device operates in a mode more favourable to reactive oxygen species than reactive nitrogen species. Although planktonic E. coli was more susceptible to CAP than planktonic L. innocua, the opposite was observed in biofilm form. The efficacy of CAP was reduced with increasing biofilm age. Furthermore, E. coli produced much higher protein content in both single and mixed biofilms than L. innocua. Consequently, greater survival of L. innocua in mixed biofilms was attributed to a protective effect from E. coli. These results show that biofilm susceptibility to CAP is age and bacteria dependent, and that in mixed biofilms bacteria may become less susceptible to CAP. These findings are of significance to the food industry for the development of effective food decontamination methods using CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani El Kadri
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Katherine M Costello
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Phillip Thomas
- Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Thomas Wantock
- Fourth State Medicine Ltd, Longfield, Fernhurst, Haslemere GU27 3HA, UK
| | - Gavin Sandison
- Fourth State Medicine Ltd, Longfield, Fernhurst, Haslemere GU27 3HA, UK
| | - Thomas Harle
- Fourth State Medicine Ltd, Longfield, Fernhurst, Haslemere GU27 3HA, UK
| | | | | | - Eirini G Velliou
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
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13
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Patange AD, Simpson JC, Curtin JF, Burgess CM, Cullen PJ, Tiwari BK. Inactivation efficacy of atmospheric air plasma and airborne acoustic ultrasound against bacterial biofilms. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2346. [PMID: 33504900 PMCID: PMC7840748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are complex microbial communities that present serious contamination risks to our environment and health. In this study, atmospheric air plasma and airborne acoustic ultrasound technology were applied to inactivate Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua biofilms. Both technologies were efficient in controlling, or completely inactivating, the target bacterial biofilms. Viability and metabolic assays, along with microscopy analysis, revealed that atmospheric air plasma and airborne acoustic ultrasound damaged both the bacterial biofilm cells and its structural integrity. Scanning electron microscopy images highlighted the disruption of the biofilms and pore formation in bacterial cells exposed to both the plasma and acoustic treatments. Elevated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in bacterial cells treated with atmospheric air plasma, demonstrated their primary role in the observed bacterial inactivation process. Our findings provide potential antimicrobial strategies to combat bacterial biofilms in the food and healthcare sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva D Patange
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Jeremy C Simpson
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James F Curtin
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine M Burgess
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P J Cullen
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brijesh K Tiwari
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Influence of Plasma Characteristics on the Inactivation Mechanism of Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) for Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium Biofilms. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10093198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to take a next step towards unravelling the CAP inactivation mechanism for mature (Listeria monocytogenes (Gram positive) and Salmonella Typhimurium (Gram negative)) model biofilms, which will support the further optimization this novel technology. More specifically, we examined how the inactivation mechanism was influenced by the applied processing conditions, i.e., by the electrode configuration, the composition of the gas flow, and the power of the discharge. For each combination of plasma characteristics, we examined if the applied CAP treatment had an effect on (i) the cell membrane, (ii) the intracellular DNA, and (iii) the EPS matrix. In addition, we assessed which (reactive) CAP species were responsible for this lethal/damaging effect and whether these species were able to diffuse into the deeper layers of the biofilms. The results indicated that the inactivation mechanism was indeed influenced by the applied processing conditions. Nevertheless, the bactericidal effect of CAP was always a combination of both damage to the membrane and the DNA, caused by (i) the generation of (intracellular) ROS and RNS, (ii) a drop in pH, and/or (iii) the potential generation of a small amount of UV photons. Moreover, the plasma species were able to penetrate into the deeper layers of the model biofilms and some treatment conditions resulted in an increased biofilm porosity.
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15
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Craighead S, Hertrich S, Boyd G, Sites J, Niemira BA, Kniel KE. Cold Atmospheric Plasma Jet Inactivates Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts on Cilantro. J Food Prot 2020; 83:794-800. [PMID: 32318724 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cilantro was recently identified as a vehicle for protozoan illness. Current postharvest practices are not sufficient to inactivate protozoa on cilantro. Cold plasma is an emerging nonthermal waterless technology with potential applications in food processing that are currently being investigated to enhance the safety of herbs. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of cold atmospheric plasma (CP) on the viability of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts on cilantro. C. parvum oocysts were inoculated onto cilantro and treated with a CP jet for 0, 30, 90, and 180 s at a working distance of 10 cm with a flow of 1.42 × 10-3 m3/s. Oocyst viability was determined using HCT-8 cell culture infectivity assays. Overall, each treatment significantly reduced oocyst infectivity compared with the 0-s treatment control (P ≤ 0.02). Log inactivations of oocysts observed on cilantro were 0.84, 1.23, and 2.03 for the 30-, 90-, and 180-s treatment times, respectively. Drying and darkening of cilantro leaves was observed with treatments longer than 30 s. CP can reduce C. parvum infectivity on cilantro. With further research and optimization, this treatment technology has potential applications in postharvest processing of cilantro. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Craighead
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716; and
| | - Sarah Hertrich
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA
| | - Glenn Boyd
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA
| | - Joseph Sites
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA
| | - Brendan A Niemira
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA
| | - Kalmia E Kniel
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716; and
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Hosseini SM, Rostami S, Hosseinzadeh Samani B, Lorigooini Z. The effect of atmospheric pressure cold plasma on the inactivation of Escherichia coli in sour cherry juice and its qualitative properties. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:870-883. [PMID: 32148796 PMCID: PMC7020306 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the nonthermal methods is the atmospheric pressure cold plasma (APCP). In this study, the effect of cold plasma on the reduction of Escherichia coli bacteria and qualitative properties of sour cherry juice, including total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and vitamin C, were investigated. Independent variables included plasma exposure time (1, 5, and 9 min), applied field intensity (25, 37.5, and 50 kV/cm), feeding gas oxygen content (0%, 0.5%, and 1%), and sample depth (0.5, 1, and 1.5 cm). The results show that increased oxygen content in argon has the greatest effect on the reduction of bacteria, and plasma exposure decreased 6 logarithmic periods of E. coli bacteria in sour cherry juice. Optimization results showed when all bacteria were eliminated by plasma, TPC remained unchanged, and TAC and vitamin C decreased by 4% and 21%, respectively, while thermal methods increased TPC by 23% and decreased TAC and vitamin C by 26% and 77%, respectively. These results indicate that, compared with conventional thermal methods, sour cherry juice pasteurization using APCP has little effect on the juice qualitative properties, and this method can serve as a suitable alternative to conventional thermal methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mehdi Hosseini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of BiosystemsShahrekord UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Sajad Rostami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of BiosystemsShahrekord UniversityShahrekordIran
| | | | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research CenterBasic Health Sciences InstituteShahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
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Govaert M, Smet C, Walsh JL, Van Impe JFM. Dual-Species Model Biofilm Consisting of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium: Development and Inactivation With Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2524. [PMID: 31787943 PMCID: PMC6854999 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most environmental biofilms contain a variety of species. These species can establish cooperative and competitive interactions, possibly resulting in an increase or a decrease in antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, results obtained following inactivation of single-species biofilms by means of different technologies (e.g., Cold Atmospheric Plasma, CAP) should be validated for multi-species biofilms. First, a strongly adherent and mature Listeria monocytogenes and S. Typhimurium dual-species biofilm was developed by altering different incubation conditions, i.e., growth medium, incubation temperature, inoculum ratio of L. monocytogenes and S. Typhimurium cells, and incubation time. Adherence and maturity were quantified by means of optical density measurements and viable plate counts, respectively. Secondly, both the (1 day old) reference biofilm and a more mature 7 days old biofilm were treated for different CAP treatment times (0-30 min). Viable plate counts were again used to determine the (remaining) cell density. For both the biofilm development and inactivation, predictive models were applied to describe the growth/inactivation kinetics. Finally, the kinetics of the [1 and 7 day(s) old] dual-species biofilms were compared with those obtained for the corresponding single-species biofilms. Results implied that a strongly adherent and mature reference dual-species biofilm was obtained following 24 h of incubation at 25°C using 20-fold diluted TSB and an inoculum ratio of 1:1. Main observations regarding CAP inactivation were: (i) the dual-species biofilm age had no influence on the CAP efficacy, although a longer treatment time was required for the oldest biofilm, (ii) for the 1 day old biofilms, CAP treatment became less efficient for S. Typhimurium inactivation when this species was part of the dual-species biofilm, while L. monocytogenes inactivation was not influenced by the biofilm type, and (iii) for the 7 days old biofilms, CAP inactivation of both species became more efficient when they were part of the dual-species biofilms. It can be concluded that the efficacy of the CAP treatment is altered when cells become part of a dual-species biofilm, which is quite important with respect to a possible application of CAP for biofilm inactivation within the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Govaert
- CPMF2, Flemish Cluster Predictive Microbiology in Foods, Ghent, Belgium.,OPTEC, Optimization in Engineering Center-of-Excellence, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium.,BioTeC, Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cindy Smet
- CPMF2, Flemish Cluster Predictive Microbiology in Foods, Ghent, Belgium.,OPTEC, Optimization in Engineering Center-of-Excellence, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium.,BioTeC, Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
| | - James L Walsh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jan F M Van Impe
- CPMF2, Flemish Cluster Predictive Microbiology in Foods, Ghent, Belgium.,OPTEC, Optimization in Engineering Center-of-Excellence, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium.,BioTeC, Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
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18
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Kilonzo-Nthenge A, Liu S, Yannam S, Patras A. Atmospheric Cold Plasma Inactivation of Salmonella and Escherichia coli on the Surface of Golden Delicious Apples. Front Nutr 2018; 5:120. [PMID: 30619867 PMCID: PMC6297369 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination of fruits with human pathogens is a reoccurring concern in the fresh produce industry. Atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) is a potential alternate to customary approaches for non-thermal decontamination of foods. In this study, the efficacy of a dielectric barrier discharge ACP system against Salmonella (Salmonella Typhimurium, ATCC 13311; Salmonella Choleraesuis, ATCC 10708) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922, ATCC 11775) was explored. For each bacteria, a two-strain mixture at 8 log10 CFU/ml was spot inoculated on the surface of Golden Delicious apples, air dried, and exposed to ACP at a fixed distance of 35 mm, input power of 200 W for 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 s. Bacterial inactivation was achieved in all treatment times with highest reduction of 5.3 log10 CFU/cm2 for Salmonella and 5.5 log10 CFU/cm2 for E. coli. Our results showed that reductions were interrelated to exposure time and ranged from 1.3 to 5.3 and 0.6 to 5.5 log10 CFU/cm2 for Salmonella and E. coli, respectively. Salmonella and E. coli significantly decreased (>5.0 log) at 180 and 240 s as compared to 30, 60, and 120 s exposure. Microbial inactivation data was modeled by using Weibull distribution. These findings demonstrate the potential of ACP as a postharvest technology to effectively reduce pathogens on apples, with reference to Salmonella and E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Kilonzo-Nthenge
- Department of Human Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Siqin Liu
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sudheer Yannam
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ankit Patras
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
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