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Jung Kjær L, Ward MP, Boklund AE, Larsen LE, Hjulsager CK, Kirkeby CT. Using surveillance data for early warning modelling of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Europe reveals a seasonal shift in transmission, 2016-2022. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15396. [PMID: 37717056 PMCID: PMC10505205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza in wild birds and poultry flocks constitutes a problem for animal welfare, food security and public health. In recent years there have been increasing numbers of outbreaks in Europe, with many poultry flocks culled after being infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Continuous monitoring is crucial to enable timely implementation of control to prevent HPAI spread from wild birds to poultry and between poultry flocks within a country. We here utilize readily available public surveillance data and time-series models to predict HPAI detections within European countries and show a seasonal shift that happened during 2021-2022. The output is models capable of monitoring the weekly risk of HPAI outbreaks, to support decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Jung Kjær
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Michael P Ward
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Anette Ella Boklund
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Erik Larsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Carsten Thure Kirkeby
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kays R, Wikelski M. The Internet of Animals: what it is, what it could be. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:859-869. [PMID: 37263824 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the biggest trends in ecology over the past decade has been the creation of standardized databases. Recently, this has included live data, formal linkages between disparate databases, and automated analytics, a synergy that we recognize as the Internet of Animals (IoA). Early IoA systems relate animal locations to remote-sensing data to predict species distributions and detect disease outbreaks, and use live data to inform management of endangered species. However, meeting the future potential of the IoA concept will require solving challenges of taxonomy, data security, and data sharing. By linking data sets, integrating live data, and automating workflows, the IoA has the potential to enable discoveries and predictions relevant to human societies and the conservation of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Kays
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panama.
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panama; Department of Animal Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour, Radolfzell, Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Neila-Ibáñez C, Casal J, Hennig-Pauka I, Stockhofe-Zurwieden N, Gottschalk M, Migura-García L, Pailler-García L, Napp S. Stochastic Assessment of the Economic Impact of Streptococcus suis-Associated Disease in German, Dutch and Spanish Swine Farms. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:676002. [PMID: 34490389 PMCID: PMC8417327 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.676002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The economic assessment of animal diseases is essential for decision-making, including the allocation of resources for disease control. However, that assessment is usually hampered by the lack of reliable data on disease incidence, or treatment and control measures, and that is particularly true for swine production diseases, such as infections caused by Streptococcus suis. Therefore, we deployed a questionnaire survey of clinical swine veterinarians to obtain the input data needed for a stochastic model to calculate the costs caused by S. suis, which was implemented in three of the main swine producing countries in Europe: Germany, the Netherlands and Spain. S. suis-associated disease is endemic in those countries in all production phases, though nursery was the phase most severely impacted. In affected nursery units, between 3.3 and 4.0% of pigs had S. suis-associated disease and the mortalities ranged from 0.5 to 0.9%. In Germany, the average cost of S. suis per pig (summed across all production phases) was 1.30 euros (90% CI: 0.53-2.28), in the Netherlands 0.96 euros (90% CI: 0.27-1.54), and in Spain 0.60 euros (90% CI: 0.29-0.96). In Germany, that cost was essentially influenced by the expenditure in early metaphylaxis in nursery and in autogenous vaccines in sows and nursery pigs; in the Netherlands, by expenditure on autogenous vaccines in sows and nursery pigs; and in Spain, by the expenditures in early metaphylaxis and to a lesser extent by the mortality in nursery pigs. Therefore, the differences in costs between countries can be explained to a great extent by the measures to control S. suis implemented in each country. In Spain and in Germany, use of antimicrobials, predominantly beta-lactams, is still crucial for the control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Neila-Ibáñez
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.,Office International des Epizooties Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases in Europe, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Casal
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.,Office International des Epizooties Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases in Europe, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Lourdes Migura-García
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.,Office International des Epizooties Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases in Europe, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lola Pailler-García
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.,Office International des Epizooties Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases in Europe, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sebastián Napp
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.,Office International des Epizooties Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases in Europe, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Bellaterra, Spain
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