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Çömlekcioğlu U, Jezierska S, Opsomer G, Pascottini OB. Uterine microbial ecology and disease in cattle: A review. Theriogenology 2024; 213:66-78. [PMID: 37804686 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to the critical contribution of the uterine-associated microbiota in reproductive health, physiology, and performance, culture-independent methods have been increasingly employed to unravel key aspects of microbial ecology in the uterus of cattle. Nowadays, we know that bacterial diversity is crucial to maintain uterine health, however, there is still no consensus on the exact composition of a healthy uterine microbiota (or eubiosis). Generally, loss of bacterial diversity (or dysbiosis) contributes to the development of uterine infections, associated with increased relative abundances of Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Trueperella, and Porphyromonas. Uterine infections are highly prevalent and gravely influence the profitability of cattle operations, animal welfare, and public health. Thus, understanding the dynamics of uterine microbial ecology is essential to develop effective strategies focused on preventing and mitigating the adverse effects of uterine dysbiosis as well as assisting in the process of restoring the core, healthy uterine microbiota. The aim of this review is to summarize research conducted in the microbial ecology of bovine uteri. We discuss the origin of the uterine microflora of healthy cows and the factors influencing its composition. In addition, we review the biology of specific pathogens that are known to increase in abundance during the occurrence of uterine disease. Lastly, we provide an overview of the bacterial biofilm in the bovine endometrium, and we briefly summarize the rationale for the use of probiotics to prevent uterine disease in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uğur Çömlekcioğlu
- Department of Biology, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, 8000, Osmaniye, Turkiye; Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | - Geert Opsomer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Osvaldo Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Kic P. Influence of Technological Housing Conditions on the Concentration of Airborne Dust in Dairy Farms in the Summer: A Case Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2322. [PMID: 37508099 PMCID: PMC10376417 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This research shows the size composition of airborne dust fractions in selected dairy barns down to the smallest particles, including factors that influence this composition. Measurements with a Dust-Track 8530 laser photometer took place in the summer at external temperatures of 29.5 to 36 °C. In barns with straw bedding, the average total dust concentration TDC was 66.98 ± 28.38 μg·m-3 (PM10 60.11 ± 19.93 μg·m-3, PM4 49.48 ± 13.76 μg·m-3, PM2.5 44.78 ± 10.18 μg·m-3, and PM1 38.43 ± 9.29 μg·m-3). In barns without straw bedding, the average TDC was 55.91 ± 36.6 μg·m-3, PM10 33.71 ± 13.86 μg·m-3, PM4 30.69 ± 15.29 μg·m-3, PM2.5 27.02 ± 13.38 μg·m-3, and PM1 22.93 ± 10.48 μg·m-3. The largest TDC of 108.09 ± 32.93 μg·m-3 (PM10 69.80 ± 18.70 μg·m-3, PM4 68.20 ± 18.41 μg·m-3, PM2.5 53.27 ± 14.73 μg·m-3, and PM1 38.46 ± 5.55 μg·m-3) was measured in an old cowshed with stanchion housing for 113 cows, straw bedding, and ventilation through windows. In a modern cowshed for loose housing of 440 lactating cows without straw bedding, with natural ventilation and 24 axial fans, TDC was 53.62 ± 49.52 μg·m-3, PM10 20.91 ± 5.24 μg·m-3, PM4 17.11 ± 3.23 μg·m-3, PM2.5 13.71 ± 0.92 μg·m-3, and PM1 12.69 ± 2.82 μg·m-3. In all investigated barns, a large proportion of airborne dust particles (54.38 ± 20.82% of TDC) consists of the smallest PM1 dust particles (from 12.69 ± 2.82 μg·m-3 to 48.48 ± 1.18 μg·m-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kic
- Department of Technological Equipment of Buildings, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic
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Yagisawa T, Uchiyama J, Takemura-Uchiyama I, Ando S, Ichii O, Murakami H, Matsushita O, Katagiri S. Metataxonomic Analysis of the Uterine Microbiota Associated with Low Fertility in Dairy Cows Using Endometrial Tissues Prior to First Artificial Insemination. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0476422. [PMID: 37098918 PMCID: PMC10269553 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04764-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The deterioration in reproductive performance in association with low fertility leads to significant economic losses on dairy farms. The uterine microbiota has begun to attract attention as a possible cause of unexplained low fertility. We analyzed the uterine microbiota associated with fertility by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in dairy cows. First, the alpha (Chao1 and Shannon) and beta (unweighted and weighted UniFrac) diversities of 69 cows at four dairy farms that had passed the voluntary waiting period before the first artificial insemination (AI) were analyzed with respect to factors including farm, housing style, feeding management, parity, and AI frequency to conception. Significant differences were observed in the farm, housing style, and feeding management, except parity and AI frequency to conception. The other diversity metrics did not show significant differences in the tested factors. Similar results were obtained for the predicted functional profile. Next, the microbial diversity analysis of 31 cows at a single farm using weighted UniFrac distance matrices revealed a correlation with AI frequency to conception but not with parity. In correlation with AI frequency to conception, the predicted function profile appeared to be slightly modified and a single bacterial taxon, Arcobacter, was detected. The bacterial associations related to fertility were estimated. Considering these, the uterine microbiota in dairy cows can be varied depending on the farm management practices and may become one of the measures for low fertility. IMPORTANCE We examined the uterine microbiota associated with low fertility in dairy cows derived from four commercial farms via a metataxonomic approach using endometrial tissues prior to the first artificial insemination. The present study provided two new insights into the relevance of uterine microbiota with respect to fertility. First, the uterine microbiota varied depending on housing style and feeding management. Next, a subtle change was observed in functional profile analysis: a formation of uterine microbiota was detected to be different in correlation with fertility in one farm studied. Considering these insights, an examination system on bovine uterine microbiota is hopefully established based on continuous research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jumpei Uchiyama
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Iyo Takemura-Uchiyama
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shun Ando
- Hokkaido Agriculture Mutual Aid Association, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Laboratory of Agrobiomedical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hironobu Murakami
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsushita
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Seiji Katagiri
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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Wali A, Hou J, Tsuruta T, Nishino N. Bacterial and fungal microbiota of total mixed ration silage stored at various temperatures. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:579-590. [PMID: 35437917 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To obtain insights into how bacterial and fungal microbiota and fermentation products composition are affected by storage temperature for TMR silage, which can be manufactured year-round. METHODS AND RESULTS TMR silage was stored at 10°C, 25°C, ambient temperature (AT; 20-35°C), and 40°C. Lactic acid production was delayed when stored at 10°C, and acid production stagnated after 2 weeks when stored at 40°C. The patterns of acetic acid and ethanol production were inversely related, with ethanol production promoted at 10°C and 25°C and acetic acid production promoted at AT and 40°C. The bacterial diversity was reduced in TMR silage with high lactic acid and acetic acid content, and the fungal diversity was reduced in TMR silage with high ethanol content. CONCLUSIONS The intensity of lactic acid production was accounted for by the high abundance of Lactobacillus, and its stagnated production at a substantially high storage temperature was related to an increased abundance of Bacillus. The enhanced production of acetic acid or ethanol can be explained by differences in the fungal microbiota. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The integrated analysis of bacterial and fungal microbiota can provide in-depth insights into the impact of storage temperature on TMR silage fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmal Wali
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jianjian Hou
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsuruta
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishino
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Evaluation of Host Depletion and Extraction Methods for Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis of Bovine Vaginal Samples. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0041221. [PMID: 35404108 PMCID: PMC9045270 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00412-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The reproductive tract metagenome plays a significant role in the various reproductive system functions, including reproductive cycles, health, and fertility. One of the major challenges in bovine vaginal metagenome studies is host DNA contamination, which limits the sequencing capacity for metagenomic content and reduces the accuracy of untargeted shotgun metagenomic profiling. This is the first study comparing the effectiveness of different host depletion and DNA extraction methods for bovine vaginal metagenomic samples. The host depletion methods evaluated were slow centrifugation (Soft-spin), NEBNext Microbiome DNA Enrichment kit (NEBNext), and propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment, while the extraction methods were DNeasy Blood and Tissue extraction (DNeasy) and QIAamp DNA Microbiome extraction (QIAamp). Soft-spin and QIAamp were the most effective host depletion method and extraction methods, respectively, in reducing the number of cattle genomic content in bovine vaginal samples. The reduced host-to-microbe ratio in the extracted DNA increased the sequencing depth for microbial reads in untargeted shotgun sequencing. Bovine vaginal samples extracted with QIAamp presented taxonomical profiles which closely resembled the mock microbial composition, especially for the recovery of Gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, samples extracted with QIAamp presented extensive functional profiles with deep coverage. Overall, a combination of Soft-spin and QIAamp provided the most robust representation of the vaginal microbial community in cattle while minimizing host DNA contamination. IMPORTANCE In addition to the host tissue collected during the sampling process, bovine vaginal samples are saturated with large amounts of extracellular DNA and secreted proteins that are essential for physiological purposes, including the reproductive cycle and immune defense. Due to the high host-to-microbe genome ratio, which hampers the sequencing efficacy for metagenome samples and the recovery of the actual metagenomic profiles, bovine vaginal samples cannot benefit from the full potential of shotgun sequencing. This is the first investigation on the most effective host depletion and extraction methods for bovine vaginal metagenomic samples. This study demonstrated an effective combination of host depletion and extraction methods, which harvested higher percentages of 16S rRNA genes and microbial reads, which subsequently led to a taxonomical profile that resembled the actual community and a functional profile with deeper coverage. A representative metagenomic profile is essential for investigating the role of the bovine vaginal metagenome for both reproductive function and susceptibility to infections.
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González-Martín C, Pérez-González CJ, González-Toril E, Expósito FJ, Aguilera Á, Díaz JP. Airborne Bacterial Community Composition According to Their Origin in Tenerife, Canary Islands. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:732961. [PMID: 34737729 PMCID: PMC8563076 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.732961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are ubiquitous in the environment, and the atmosphere is no exception. However, airborne bacterial communities are some of the least studied. Increasing our knowledge about these communities and how environmental factors shape them is key to understanding disease outbreaks and transmission routes. We describe airborne bacterial communities at two different sites in Tenerife, La Laguna (urban, 600 m.a.s.l.) and Izaña (high mountain, 2,400 m.a.s.l.), and how they change throughout the year. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to target 16S rRNA genes in 293 samples. Results indicated a predominance of Proteobacteria at both sites (>65%), followed by Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. Gammaproteobacteria were the most frequent within the Proteobacteria phylum during spring and winter, while Alphaproteobacteria dominated in the fall and summer. Within the 519 genera identified, Cellvibrio was the most frequent during spring (35.75%) and winter (30.73%); Limnobacter (24.49%) and Blastomonas (19.88%) dominated in the summer; and Sediminibacterium represented 10.26 and 12.41% of fall and winter samples, respectively. Sphingomonas was also identified in 17.15% of the fall samples. These five genera were more abundant at the high mountain site, while other common airborne bacteria were more frequent at the urban site (Kocuria, Delftia, Mesorhizobium, and Methylobacterium). Diversity values showed different patterns for both sites, with higher values during the cooler seasons in Izaña, whereas the opposite was observed in La Laguna. Regarding wind back trajectories, Tropical air masses were significantly different from African ones at both sites, showing the highest diversity and characterized by genera regularly associated with humans (Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, and Cloacibacterium), as well as others related to extreme conditions (Alicyclobacillus) or typically associated with animals (Lachnospiraceae). Marine and African air masses were consistent and very similar in their microbial composition. By contrast, European trajectories were dominated by Cellvibrio, Pseudomonas, Pseudoxanthomonas, and Sediminibacterium. These data contribute to our current state of knowledge in the field of atmospheric microbiology. However, future studies are needed to increase our understanding of the influence of different environmental factors on atmospheric microbial dispersion and the potential impact of airborne microorganisms on ecosystems and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina González-Martín
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Carlos J. Pérez-González
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Elena González-Toril
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
| | | | - Ángeles Aguilera
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
| | - Juan P. Díaz
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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Sivixay S, Bai G, Tsuruta T, Nishino N. Cecum microbiota in rats fed soy, milk, meat, fish, and egg proteins with prebiotic oligosaccharides. AIMS Microbiol 2021; 7:1-12. [PMID: 33659765 PMCID: PMC7921376 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2021001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet is considered the most influential factor in modulating the gut microbiota but how dietary protein sources differ in their modulatory effects is not well understood. In this study, soy, meat (mixture of beef and pork), and fish proteins (experiment 1) and soy, milk (casein), and egg proteins (experiment 2) were fed to rats with cellulose (CEL) and raffinose (RAF); the microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid concentration in the cecum were determined. Egg protein feeding decreased the concentration of acetic acid and the richness and diversity of the cecum microbiota. RAF feeding increased the concentrations of acetic and propionic acids and decreased the richness and diversity of the cecum microbiota. When fed with CEL, the abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae, Akkermansiaceae and Tannerellaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae enhanced with soy protein, meat and fish proteins, and egg protein, respectively. The effects of dietary proteins diminished with RAF feeding and the abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Lachnospiraceae increased and that of Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae decreased regardless of the protein source. These results indicate that, although the effect of prebiotics is more robust and distinctive, dietary protein sources may influence the composition and metabolic activities of the gut microbiota. The stimulatory effects of soy, meat, and egg proteins on Christensenellaceae, Akkermansiaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae deserve further examination to better elucidate the dietary manipulation of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souliphone Sivixay
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Gaowa Bai
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Health Science and Social Welfare, Takahashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsuruta
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishino
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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