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Murad D, Zafar Paracha R, Saeed MT, Ahmad J, Mushtaq A, Humayun M. Modelling and analysis of the complement system signalling pathways: roles of C3, C5a and pro-inflammatory cytokines in SARS-CoV-2 infection. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15794. [PMID: 37744234 PMCID: PMC10517668 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an essential part of innate immunity. It is activated by invading pathogens causing inflammation, opsonization, and lysis via complement anaphylatoxins, complement opsonin's and membrane attack complex (MAC), respectively. However, in SARS-CoV-2 infection overactivation of complement system is causing cytokine storm leading to multiple organs damage. In this study, the René Thomas kinetic logic approach was used for the development of biological regulatory network (BRN) to model SARS-CoV-2 mediated complement system signalling pathways. Betweenness centrality analysis in cytoscape was adopted for the selection of the most biologically plausible states in state graph. Among the model results, in strongly connected components (SCCs) pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICyts) oscillatory behaviour between recurrent generation and downregulation was found as the main feature of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Diversion of trajectories from the SCCs leading toward hyper-inflammatory response was found in agreement with in vivo studies that overactive innate immunity response caused PICyts storm during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The complex of negative regulators FI, CR1 and DAF in the inhibition of complement peptide (C5a) and PICyts was found desirable to increase immune responses. In modelling role of MAC and PICyts in lowering of SARS-CoV-2 titre was found coherent with experimental studies. Intervention in upregulation of C5a and PICyts by C3 was found helpful in back-and-forth variation of signalling pattern linked with the levels of PICyts. Moreover, intervention in upregulation of PICyts by C5a was found productive in downregulation of all activating factors in the normal SCCs. However, the computational model predictions require experimental studies to be validated by exploring the activation role of C3 and C5a which could change levels of PICyts at various phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didar Murad
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences/Department of Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rehan Zafar Paracha
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences/Department of Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Saeed
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences/Department of Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Malakand, Pakistan
| | - Ammar Mushtaq
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences/Department of Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maleeha Humayun
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences/Department of Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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2
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Zhang Y, Wang F, Shi L, Lu M, Lee KJ, Ditty MM, Xing Y, He HZ, Ren X, Zheng SY. Nanoscale coordination polymers enabling antioxidants inhibition for enhanced chemodynamic therapy. J Control Release 2023; 354:196-206. [PMID: 36610480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation to induce cell death is an effective strategy for cancer therapy. In particular, chemodynamic therapy (CDT), using Fenton-type reactions to generate highly cytotoxic hydroxyl radical (•OH), is a promising treatment modality. However, the therapeutic efficacy of ROS-based cancer treatment is still limited by some critical challenges, such as overexpression of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants by tumor cells, as well as the low tumor targeting efficiency of therapeutic agents. To address those problems, biomimetic CuZn protoporphyrin IX nanoscale coordination polymers have been developed, which significantly amplify oxidative stress against tumors by simultaneously inhibiting enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and initiating the CDT. In this design, cancer cell membrane camouflaged nanoparticle exhibits an excellent homotypic targeting effect. After being endocytosed into tumor cells, the nanoparticles induce depletion of the main non-enzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH) by undergoing a redox reaction with GSH. Afterward, the redox reaction generated cuprous ion (Cu+) works as a CDT agent for •OH generation. Furthermore, the released Zn protoporphyrin IX strongly inhibits the activity of the typical enzymatic antioxidant heme oxygenase-1. This tetra-modal synergistic strategy endows the biomimetic nanoparticles with great capability for anticancer therapy, which has been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Faming Wang
- Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Lai Shi
- D2M Biotherapeutics, Natick, MA 01760, United States
| | - Mengrou Lu
- Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Keng-Jung Lee
- Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | | | - Yunhui Xing
- Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Hong-Zhang He
- Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Captis Diagnostics Inc, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Xi Ren
- Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Si-Yang Zheng
- Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Electrical & Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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3
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Detsika MG, Theochari E, Palamaris K, Gakiopoulou H, Lianos EA. Effect of Heme Oxygenase-1 Depletion on Complement Regulatory Proteins Expression in the Rat. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:61. [PMID: 36670923 PMCID: PMC9854825 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase has been implicated in the regulation of various immune responses including complement activation. Using a transgenic rat model of HO-1 depletion, the present study assessed the effect of HO-1 absence on the expression of complement regulatory proteins: decay accelerating factor (DAF), CR1-related gene/protein Y (Crry) and CD59, which act to attenuate complement activation. Protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in kidney, liver, lung and spleen tissues. DAF protein was reduced in all tissues retrieved from rats lacking HO-1 (Hmox1-/-) apart from spleen tissue sections. Crry protein was also reduced, but only in Hmox1-/- kidney and liver tissue. C3b staining was augmented in the kidney and spleen from Hmox1-/- rats, suggesting that the decrease of DAF and Crry was sufficient to increase C3b deposition. The observations support an important role of HO-1 as a regulator of the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Detsika
- GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10675 Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Theochari
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas Palamaris
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Harikleia Gakiopoulou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Elias A. Lianos
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Virginia Tech, Carilion School of Medicine, Salem, VA 24153, USA
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Athanassiadou V, Plavoukou S, Grapsa E, Detsika MG. The Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 as an Immunomodulator in Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122454. [PMID: 36552662 PMCID: PMC9774641 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein heme oxygenase (HO)-1 has been implicated in the regulations of multiple immunological processes. It is well known that kidney injury is affected by immune mechanisms and that various kidney-disease forms may be a result of autoimmune disease. The current study describes in detail the role of HO-1 in kidney disease and provides the most recent observations of the effect of HO-1 on immune pathways and responses both in animal models of immune-mediated disease forms and in patient studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Athanassiadou
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion University Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Stella Plavoukou
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion University Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Grapsa
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion University Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria G. Detsika
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10675 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Ratajczak MZ, Adamiak M, Deptała A, Domagała-Kulawik J, Ratajczak J, Kucia M. Myeloablative Conditioning for Transplantation Induces State of Sterile Inflammation in the Bone Marrow: Implications for Optimizing Homing and Engraftment of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:1254-1265. [PMID: 35383477 PMCID: PMC9805853 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The success rate of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation depends mainly on the number of transplanted hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) followed by the speed of their engraftment in the myeloablated transplant recipient. Therefore, clinical outcomes will significantly benefit from accelerating the homing and engraftment of these cells. This is, in particular, important when the number of cells available for the transplantation of HSPCs is limited. Recent Advances: We postulated that myeloablative conditioning for hematopoietic transplantation by radio- or chemotherapy induces a state of sterile inflammation in transplant recipient peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM). This state is mediated by activation of the BM stromal and innate immunity cells that survive myeloablative conditioning and respond to danger-associated molecular patterns released from the cells damaged by myeloablative conditioning. As a result of this, several factors are released that promote proper navigation of HSPCs infused into PB of transplant recipient and prime recipient BM to receive transplanted cells. Critical Issues: We will present data that cellular innate immunity arm and soluble arm comprised complement cascade proteins, promoting the induction of the BM sterile inflammation state that facilitates the navigation, homing, and engraftment of HSPCs. Future Directions: Deciphering these mechanisms would allow us to better understand the mechanisms that govern hematopoietic recovery after transplantation and, in parallel, provide important information on how to optimize this process in the clinic by employing small molecular modifiers of innate immunity and purinergic signaling. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 1254-1265.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Mateusz Adamiak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Andrzej Deptała
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Faculty of Health Sciences, and Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Joanna Domagała-Kulawik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Janina Ratajczak
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Magdalena Kucia
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
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6
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Mu Y, Li W, Yang X, Chen J, Weng Y. Partially Reduced MIL-100(Fe) as a CO Carrier for Sustained CO Release and Regulation of Macrophage Phenotypic Polarization. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4777-4788. [PMID: 36256970 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a bioactive molecule with high potential as it shows promising efficacy for regulating inflammation. Materials capable of storing and delivering CO are of great potential therapeutic value. Although CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) have been developed to deliver CO, the short CO duration of minutes to 2 h confines their practical use. In this study, partially reduced MIL-100(Fe) as a new CO-releasing nanoMOF was developed and used for sustained CO release and macrophage (MA) phenotypic polarization regulation. MIL-100(Fe) was synthesized and mildly annealed in vacuum for partial reduction. When the annealing temperature was lower than 250 °C, less Fe(II) present in MIL-100(Fe) and the subsequent CO adsorption and desorption profiles displayed typical features of physisorption. While it was annealed at 250 °C, it showed about 20% of Fe(III) was reduced, which resulted in chemisorption of CO due to the high coordination affinity of Fe(II) to CO. The loading amount of CO was increased, and the CO release was prolonged for about 24 h. Furthermore, the CO release from this nanoMOF could alter the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage from M1 to the alternative M2 phenotype and promoted the growth of endothelial cells (ECs) by paracrine regulation of MA. It can be envisioned as a promising CO-releasing solid for biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Mu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Weng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
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7
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C3a and C5b-9 Differentially Predict COVID-19 Progression and Outcome. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091335. [PMID: 36143371 PMCID: PMC9504647 DOI: 10.3390/life12091335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in severe pneumonia leading to mechanical ventilation and intensive care (ICU) treatment. Complement activation was verified in COVID-19 and implicated as a contributor to COVID-19 pathogenesis. This study assessed the predictive potential of complement factors C3a and C5b-9 for COVID-19 progression and outcome. We grouped 80 COVID-19 patients into severe COVID-19 patients (n = 38) and critically ill (n = 42) and subdivided into non-intubated (n = 48) and intubated (n = 32), survivors (n = 57) and non-survivors (n = 23). Results: A significant increase for C3a and C5b-9 levels was observed between: severely and critically ill patients (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001), non-intubated vs intubated (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05), survivors vs non-survivors (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01). ROC analysis for the need for ICU treatment revealed a higher AUC for C5b-9 (0.764, p < 0.001) compared to C3a (AUC = 0.739, p < 0.01). A higher AUC was observed for C3a for the need for intubation (AUC = 0.722, p < 0.001) or mortality (AUC = 0.740, p < 0.0001) compared to C5b-9 (need for intubation AUC = 0.656, p < 0.05 and mortality AUC = 0.631, p = NS). Combining the two markers revealed a powerful prediction tool for ICU admission (AUC = 0.773, p < 0.0001), intubation (AUC = 0.756, p < 0.0001) and mortality (AUC = 0.753, p < 0.001). C3a and C5b-9 may be considered as prognostic tools separately or in combination for the progression and outcome of COVID-19.
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Chen X, Chen S, Ren Q, Niu S, Yue L, Pan X, Li Z, Zhu R, Jia Z, Chen X, Zhen R, Ban J. A metabonomics-based renoprotective mechanism analysis of empagliflozin in obese mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 621:122-129. [PMID: 35820282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
With an increasing prevalence of obesity related kidney disease, exploring the mechanisms of therapeutic method is of critical importance. Empagliflozin is a new antidiabetic agent with broad clinical application prospect in cardiovascular and renal diseases. However, a metabonomics-based renoprotective mechanism of empagliflozin in obesity remains unclear. Our results showed that empagliflozin significantly alleviated the deposition of lipid droplet, glomerular and tubular injury. The innovation lied in detection of empagliflozin-targeted differential metabolites in kidneys. Compared with normal control mice, obese mice showed higher levels of All-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate, Biliverdin, Galabiose, Galabiosylceramide (d18:1/16:0), Inosine, Methylisocitric acid, Uric acid, Xanthosine, O-glutarylcarnitine, PG(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/0:0), PG(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/0:0), PE(O-16:0/0:0), PG(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/0:0), and lower level of Adenosine. Empagliflozin regulated these metabolites in the opposite direction. Associated metabolic pathways were Phospholipids metabolism, Purine metabolism, and Biliverdin metabolism. Most of metabolites were associated with inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Empagliflozin improved the oxidative stress and inflammation imbalance. Our study revealed the metabonomics-based renoprotective mechanism of empagliflozin in obese mice for the first time. Empagliflozin may be a promising tool to delay the progression of obesity-related kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Qingjuan Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shu Niu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Yue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zelin Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruiyi Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhuoya Jia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruoxi Zhen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiangli Ban
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Ma Y, Li S, Tang S, Ye S, Liang N, Liang Y, Xiao F. Clusterin protects against Cr(VI)-induced oxidative stress-associated hepatotoxicity by mediating the Akt-Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:52289-52301. [PMID: 35257348 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a serious environmental pollutant that threatens human life. Cr(VI) is widely used in industrial processes such as metallurgy, leather processing, and electroplating, which can enter the human body through the respiratory or digestive tracts, thus causing a number of human disease, including inflammation and cancer. Although it has been confirmed that oxidative stress is one of the primary mechanism of liver injury caused by Cr(VI) exposure, the related toxic target and effective intervention measures have not been found. Clusterin (CLU) is an acute phase response protein with cytoprotective and apoptosis-delaying effects, and its expression has been confirmed to increase significantly after exposure to Cr(VI). In this study, our data clearly indicates that Cr(VI) is capable of causing hepatocytes damage through the production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing an increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). In contrast, over expression of CLU was able to inhibit ROS production and alleviate Cr(VI)-induced liver injury. The specific mechanisms are that CLU acts on the protein kinase B (PKB/Akt)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway to release Nrf2 into the nucleus. This is to initiate the expression of a downstream protein, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), thereby attenuating the ubiquitination ability of Keap1 with Nrf2. We also demonstrated that CLU could affect oxidative stress through the Akt/Nrf2 pathway, which reduced the production of ROS induced by Cr(VI) and protected against Cr(VI)-induced oxidative stress-associated hepatotoxicity. This study demonstrates a mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced hepatotoxicity and indicates that CLU as an intervention target of oxidative stress can provide valuable experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in Cr(VI)-exposed population. Under the state of Cr(VI)-induced oxidative stress, CLU though phosphorylation Akt, leading to Nrf2 dissociation from Keap1. Activated Nrf2 entered the nucleus and formed the next step, thus binding to the structure of the antioxidant response element ARE, which activated HO-1, resulting in the decrease in intracellular ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Kaifu District, NO.238 Shangmayuanling Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Siwen Li
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Kaifu District, NO.238 Shangmayuanling Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Sixuan Tang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Kaifu District, NO.238 Shangmayuanling Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzi Ye
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Kaifu District, NO.238 Shangmayuanling Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningjuan Liang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Kaifu District, NO.238 Shangmayuanling Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehui Liang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Kaifu District, NO.238 Shangmayuanling Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Kaifu District, NO.238 Shangmayuanling Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Song Y, Li K, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Wang Y, Qi J. Heme Oxygenase-1 may Mediate Early Inflammatory Response of Intracerebral Hemorrhage through Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway. Curr Neurovasc Res 2022; 19:181-187. [PMID: 35702793 DOI: 10.2174/1567202619666220614153209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) promotes an early neuroinflammatory response after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) by regulating the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. METHODS We used a stereotaxic instrument to induce a mouse model of ICH through collagenase. We divided the participants into a control group, an ICH group, and an ICH and zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) group. The temporal expression pattern and cell localization of HO-1 and TLR4 after the ICH were detected by immunofluorescence and western blot; after the expression of HO-1 was inhibited, the expression levels of the TLR4 protein, the downstream molecule myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), the Toll and interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) -domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) and the inflammatory factors were measured by western blotting. RESULTS Immunofluorescence showed that HO-1 and TLR4 had similar temporal expression patterns and cellular localization after ICH, and we found that inhibiting HO-1 reduces the expression of TLR4 protein pathways, including TLR4, MyD88, TRIF, and related inflammatory factors, by studying the inhibitor ZnPP. CONCLUSION These results indicate that HO-1 may promote early neuroinflammation after ICH through the TLR4/MyD88/TRIF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejia Song
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiping Qi
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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11
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Henrik SZŐKE, István BÓKKON, David M, Jan V, Ágnes K, Zoltán K, Ferenc F, Tibor K, László SL, Ádám D, Odilia M, Andrea K. The innate immune system and fever under redox control: A Narrative Review. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4324-4362. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220203122239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
In living cells, redox potential is vitally important for normal physiological processes that are closely regulated by antioxidants, free amino acids and proteins that either have reactive oxygen and nitrogen species capture capability or can be compartmentalized. Although hundreds of experiments support the regulatory role of free radicals and their derivatives, several authors continue to claim that these perform only harmful and non-regulatory functions. In this paper we show that countless intracellular and extracellular signal pathways are directly or indirectly linked to regulated redox processes. We also briefly discuss how artificial oxidative stress can have important therapeutic potential and the possible negative effects of popular antioxidant supplements.
Next, we present the argument supported by a large number of studies that several major components of innate immunity, as well as fever, is also essentially associated with regulated redox processes. Our goal is to point out that the production of excess or unregulated free radicals and reactive species can be secondary processes due to the perturbed cellular signal pathways. However, researchers on pharmacology should consider the important role of redox mechanisms in the innate immune system and fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- SZŐKE Henrik
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - BÓKKON István
- Neuroscience and Consciousness Research Department, Vision Research Institute,
Lowell, MA, USA
| | - martin David
- Department of Human Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Vagedes Jan
- University Children’s Hospital, Tuebingen University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - kiss Ágnes
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - kovács Zoltán
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - fekete Ferenc
- Department of Nyerges Gábor Pediatric Infectology, Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - kocsis Tibor
- Department of Clinical Governance, Hungarian National Ambulance Service, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - kisbenedek Andrea
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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12
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Sikiric P, Skrtic A, Gojkovic S, Krezic I, Zizek H, Lovric E, Sikiric S, Knezevic M, Strbe S, Milavic M, Kokot A, Blagaic AB, Seiwerth S. Cytoprotective gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 resolves major vessel occlusion disturbances, ischemia-reperfusion injury following Pringle maneuver, and Budd-Chiari syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:23-46. [PMID: 35125818 PMCID: PMC8793015 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 counteracts various venous occlusion-induced syndromes. Summarized are all these arguments, in the Robert’s cytoprotection concept, to substantiate the resolution of different major vessel occlusion disturbances, in particular ischemia-reperfusion injury following the Pringle maneuver and Budd-Chiari syndrome, which was obtained by BPC 157 therapy. Conceptually, there is a new point, namely, endothelium maintenance to epithelium maintenance (the recruitment of collateral blood vessels to compensate for vessel occlusion and reestablish blood flow or bypass the occluded or ruptured vessel). In this paper, we summarize the evidence of the native cytoprotective gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, which is stable in the human gastric juice, is a membrane stabilizer and counteracts gut-leaky syndrome. As a particular target, it is distinctive from the standard peptide growth factors, involving particular molecular pathways and controlling VEGF and NO pathways. In the early 1990s, BPC 157 appeared as a late outbreak of the Robert’s and Szabo’s cytoprotection-organoprotection concept, like the previous theoretical/practical breakthrough in the 1980s and the brain-gut axis and gut-brain axis. As the time went on, with its reported effects, it is likely most useful theory practical implementation and justification. Meantime, several reviews suggest that BPC 157, which does not have a lethal dose, has profound cytoprotective activity, used to be demonstrated in ulcerative colitis and multiple sclerosis trials. Likely, it may bring the theory to practical application, starting with the initial argument, no degradation in human gastric juice for more than 24 h, and thereby, the therapeutic effectiveness (including via a therapeutic per-oral regimen) and pleiotropic beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Slaven Gojkovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Helena Zizek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Eva Lovric
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Suncana Sikiric
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mario Knezevic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marija Milavic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J.J.Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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13
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Hematopoiesis and innate immunity: an inseparable couple for good and bad times, bound together by an hormetic relationship. Leukemia 2022; 36:23-32. [PMID: 34853440 PMCID: PMC8727304 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic and immune cells originate from a common hematopoietic/lymphopoietic stem cell what explains that these different cell types often share the same receptors and respond to similar factors. Moreover, the common goal of both lineages is to ensure tissue homeostasis under steady-state conditions, fight invading pathogens, and promote tissue repair. We will highlight accumulating evidence that innate and adaptive immunity modulate several aspects of hematopoiesis within the hormetic zone in which the biological response to low exposure to potential stressors generally is favorable and benefits hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Innate immunity impact on hematopoiesis is pleiotropic and involves both the cellular arm, comprised of innate immunity cells, and the soluble arm, whose major component is the complement cascade (ComC). In addition, several mediators released by innate immunity cells, including inflammatory cytokines and small antimicrobial cationic peptides, affect hematopoiesis. There are intriguing observations that HSPCs and immune cells share several cell-surface pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytosol-expressed NOD, NOD-like, and RIG-I-like receptors and thus can be considered "pathogen sensors". In addition, not only lymphocytes but also HSPCs express functional intracellular complement proteins, defined as complosome which poses challenging questions for further investigation of the intracellular ComC-mediated intracrine regulation of hematopoiesis.
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