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Wang K, Chen XY, Zhang RWY, Yue Y, Wen XL, Yang YS, Han CY, Ma Y, Liu HJ, Zhu HL. Multifunctional fluorescence/photoacoustic bimodal imaging of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase in liver disorders under different triggering conditions. Biomaterials 2024; 310:122635. [PMID: 38810386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) seriously threatens the human health. Previous investigations revealed that γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) was tightly associated with the chronic injury, hepatic fibrosis, and the development of HCC, therefore might act as a potential indicator for monitoring the HCC-related processes. Herein, with the contribution of a structurally optimized probe ETYZE-GGT, the bimodal imaging in both far red fluorescence (FL) and photoacoustic (PA) modes has been achieved in multiple HCC-related models. To our knowledge, this work covered the most comprehensive models including the fibrosis and developed HCC processes as well as the premonitory induction stages (autoimmune hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). ETYZE-GGT exhibited steady and practical monitoring performances on reporting the HCC stages via visualizing the GGT dynamics. The two modes exhibited working consistency and complementarity with high spatial resolution, precise apparatus and desirable biocompatibility. In cooperation with the existing techniques including testing serum indexes and conducting pathological staining, ETYZE-GGT basically realized the universal application for the accurate pre-clinical diagnosis of as many HCC stages as possible. By deeply exploring the mechanically correlation between GGT and the HCC process, especially during the premonitory induction stages, we may further raise the efficacy for the early diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xu-Yang Chen
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ren-Wei-Yang Zhang
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Ying Yue
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Wen
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Yu-Shun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chen-Yang Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Hong-Ji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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2
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Kalinina E. Glutathione-Dependent Pathways in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8423. [PMID: 39125992 PMCID: PMC11312684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The most abundant tripeptide-glutathione (GSH)-and the major GSH-related enzymes-glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs)-are highly significant in the regulation of tumor cell viability, initiation of tumor development, its progression, and drug resistance. The high level of GSH synthesis in different cancer types depends not only on the increasing expression of the key enzymes of the γ-glutamyl cycle but also on the changes in transport velocity of its precursor amino acids. The ability of GPxs to reduce hydroperoxides is used for cellular viability, and each member of the GPx family has a different mechanism of action and site for maintaining redox balance. GSTs not only catalyze the conjugation of GSH to electrophilic substances and the reduction of organic hydroperoxides but also take part in the regulation of cellular signaling pathways. By catalyzing the S-glutathionylation of key target proteins, GSTs are involved in the regulation of major cellular processes, including metabolism (e.g., glycolysis and the PPP), signal transduction, transcription regulation, and the development of resistance to anticancer drugs. In this review, recent findings in GSH synthesis, the roles and functions of GPxs, and GST isoforms in cancer development are discussed, along with the search for GST and GPx inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kalinina
- T.T. Berezov Department of Biochemistry, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Wu X, Ding L, Yang S, Tian H, Sun B. A sensitive benzothiazole fluorescent probe for the detection of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity and its application. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4860. [PMID: 39099232 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
A sensitive benzothiazole fluorescent probe (PBZO) for the detection of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity was developed. Based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of peptide bonds by glutamyl transpeptidase, it can be specifically recognized by PBZO. The PBZO has a good linear relationship with different gradients of GGT activity at the emission wavelength of 560 nm, the Stokes shift reached 215 nm, and the detection limit of GGT activity is 0.1644 U/ml. With the increase of GGT concentration in the probe solution, the color of the solution gradually changed from orange to dark yellow under the 365 nm UV lamp. The same color change was also observed on the probe test paper. In addition, there is a linear relationship between the GGT activity and the R-value of the probe solution. More importantly, the probe has a good recovery rate in serum. Therefore, this probe can be used as a convenient tool for detecting GGT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Leyuan Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoxiang Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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Shen H, Du L, Xu C, Wang B, Zhou Q, Ye R, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Xing G, Sun J, Liu TM, Tang BZ. A Near-Infrared-II Excitable Pyridinium Probe with 1000-Fold ON/OFF Ratio for γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase and Cancer Detection. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39058791 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Activity-based detection of γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) using near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes is a promising strategy for early cancer diagnosis. Although NIR pyridinium probes show high performance in biochemical analysis, the aggregation of both the probes and parental fluorochromes in biological environments is prone to result in a low signal-to-noise ratio (SBR), thus affecting their clinical applications. Here, we develop a GGT-activatable aggregate probe called OTBP-G for two-photon fluorescence imaging in various biological environments under 1040 nm excitation. By rationally tunning the hydrophilicity and donor-acceptor strength, we enable a synergistic effect between twisted intramolecular charge transfer and intersystem crossing processes and realize a perfect dark state for OTBP-G before activation. After the enzymatic reaction, the parental fluorochrome exhibits bright aggregation-induced emission peaking at 670 nm. The fluorochrome-to-probe transformation can induce 1000-fold fluorescence ON/OFF ratio, realizing in vitro GGT detection with an SBR > 900. Activation of OTBP-G occurs within 1 min in vivo, showing an SBR > 400 in mouse ear blood vessels. OTBP-G can further enable the early detection of pulmonary metastasis in breast cancer by topically spraying, outperforming the clinical standard hematoxylin and eosin staining. We anticipate that the in-depth study of OTBP-G can prompt the development of early cancer diagnosis and tumor-related physiological research. Moreover, this work highlights the crucial role of hydrophilicity and donor-acceptor strength in maximizing the ON/OFF ratio of the TICT probes and showcases the potential of OTBP as a versatile platform for activity-based sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchen Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Lidong Du
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Changhuo Xu
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Bingzhe Wang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials, Engineering, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Ruquan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials, Engineering, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Tzu-Ming Liu
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China
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Long Z, Luo Y, Yu M, Wang X, Zeng L, Yang K. Targeting ferroptosis: a new therapeutic opportunity for kidney diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1435139. [PMID: 39021564 PMCID: PMC11251909 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1435139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of non-apoptotic regulated cell death (RCD) that depends on iron and is characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides to lethal levels. Ferroptosis involves multiple pathways including redox balance, iron regulation, mitochondrial function, and amino acid, lipid, and glycometabolism. Furthermore, various disease-related signaling pathways also play a role in regulating the process of iron oxidation. In recent years, with the emergence of the concept of ferroptosis and the in-depth study of its mechanisms, ferroptosis is closely associated with various biological conditions related to kidney diseases, including kidney organ development, aging, immunity, and cancer. This article reviews the development of the concept of ferroptosis, the mechanisms of ferroptosis (including GSH-GPX4, FSP1-CoQ1, DHODH-CoQ10, GCH1-BH4, and MBOAT1/2 pathways), and the latest research progress on its involvement in kidney diseases. It summarizes research on ferroptosis in kidney diseases within the frameworks of metabolism, reactive oxygen biology, and iron biology. The article introduces key regulatory factors and mechanisms of ferroptosis in kidney diseases, as well as important concepts and major open questions in ferroptosis and related natural compounds. It is hoped that in future research, further breakthroughs can be made in understanding the regulation mechanism of ferroptosis and utilizing ferroptosis to promote treatments for kidney diseases, such as acute kidney injury(AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetic nephropathy(DN), and renal cell carcinoma. This paves the way for a new approach to research, prevent, and treat clinical kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Long
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Wang Z, Chen D, Peng L, Wang X, Ding Q, Li L, Xu T. Serum γ-glutamyltransferase levels and obesity status changes the risk of prehypertension in Chinese adults. Prev Med Rep 2024; 43:102792. [PMID: 38975280 PMCID: PMC11225693 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective It's well known that γ-Glutamyltransferase (γ-GGT) and obesity plays an important role in the development of preHT. However, the effect of γ-GGT on preHT in populations with different obesity status remains unclear. Methods From February 2014 to January 2018, a total of 20,368 participants were enrolled in this study after excluding those with hypertension and liver diseases. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure γ-GGT and blood lipid levels and glucose indices. Demographic and clinical parameters such as sex, age, height, weight, neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and body fat ratio (BFR); and information on smoking and alcohol consumption were collected by trained medical professionals. Results Participants were divided into three groups based on obesity status. The prevalence of preHT was 83.5 % in the obesity group was higher than that in the overweight group (58.9 %) and the normal group (47.1 %). γ-GGT in different categories of obesity indices were significantly different, and higher obesity indices were found with higher γ-GGT levels. The interaction of γ-GGT and obesity indices such as NC, WC, HC, and BFR on the prevalence of preHT was significant (P = 0.028, 0.002, 0.007, and 0.034, respectively). Serum γ-GGT was found to be positively associated with preHT in participants with normal and overweight body mass indices. Conclusion Our results indicate that γ-GGT is a risk factor for preHT in participants who are nonobese, and that the obesity indices NC, WC, HC, BFR, and γ-GGT were contributing factors in increasing the risk of preHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongjun Chen
- Department of Cardiac Function Examine, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingling Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qun Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tongdao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Zhang T, Yao C, Zhou X, Liu S, Qi L, Zhu S, Zhao C, Hu D, Shen W. Glutathione‑degrading enzymes in the complex landscape of tumors (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 65:72. [PMID: 38847236 PMCID: PMC11173371 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH)‑degrading enzymes are essential for starting the first stages of GSH degradation. These enzymes include extracellular γ‑glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and intracellular GSH‑specific γ‑glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (ChaC1) and 2. These enzymes are essential for cellular activities, such as immune response, differentiation, proliferation, homeostasis regulation and programmed cell death. Tumor tissue frequently exhibits abnormal expression of GSH‑degrading enzymes, which has a key impact on the development and spread of malignancies. The present review summarizes gene and protein structure, catalytic activity and regulation of GSH‑degrading enzymes, their vital roles in tumor development (including regulation of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, control of programmed cell death, promotion of inflammation and tumorigenesis and modulation of drug resistance in tumor cells) and potential role as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Chongjie Yao
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhou
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Shimin Liu
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Li Qi
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Shiguo Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zhao
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Dan Hu
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Shen
- Department of Acupuncture, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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Tang X, Bi X, Yang A, Wang Q, Yang Y. GGTLC1 knockdown inhibits the progression of endometrial cancer by regulating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31973. [PMID: 38841516 PMCID: PMC11152738 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Endometrial cancer (EC) poses a serious risk to females worldwide; thus, a deep understanding of EC is urgently required. The role and mechanisms of gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain 1 (GGTLC1) in EC remain obscure. This study aims to elucidate the function and mechanisms underlying GGTLC1's involvement in EC. Methods Bioinformatic tools and databases were used to analyze GGTLC1 and its associated gene expression in EC tissues. Functional enrichment explorations and immune infiltration analyses were conducted, together with investigation into the methylation status of GGTLC1. Western blotting and Quantitative real-time PCR quantified expression levels. Additional experimental methodologies elucidated the role of GGTLC1 in EC progression. Transcriptome sequencing identified potential regulatory pathways for GGTLC1, and tumor growth was evaluated in vivo using HEC-1A cells in nude mice. Results GGTLC1 was upregulated and negatively correlated with immune cell infiltration and DNA methylation in EC. Cell migration and proliferation were reduced following GGTLC1 knockdown, together with arrest at the G0/G1 phase and an upsurge in apoptosis. Compared to the knockdown group, TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway was up-regulated in the negative control group of EC cells by transcriptome analysis. The levels of TGF-β, pSmad2, and pSmad3 followed the same decreasing trend, whereas Smad3 and Smad2 protein levels remained unchanged. Conclusion Knockdown of GGTLC1 attenuates EC development through the TGF-β/Smad pathway, positioning GGTLC1 as a promising target for EC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Tang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730099, China
- The Third People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Gynecological Oncology Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuehan Bi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730099, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Gynecological Oncology Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Aihong Yang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730099, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Gynecological Oncology Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qinganzi Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730099, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Gynecological Oncology Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongxiu Yang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730099, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Gynecological Oncology Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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Cui L, Xu Q, Lou W, Wang Y, Xi X, Chen Y, Sun M, Wang Z, Zhang P, Yang S, Zhang L, Qu L. Chitosan oligosaccharide-functionalized nano-prodrug for cascade chemotherapy through oxidative stress amplification. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131641. [PMID: 38641277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Redox nanoparticles have been extensively developed for chemotherapy. However, the intracellular oxidative stress induced by constant aberrant glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) homeostasis remains the primary cause of evading tumor apoptosis. Herein, an oxidative stress-amplification strategy was designed using a pH-GSH-H2O2-GGT sensitive nano-prodrug for precise synergistic chemotherapy. The disulfide bond- conjugated doxorubicin prodrug (DOX-ss) was constructed as a GSH-scavenger. Then, phenylboronic acid (PBA), DOX-ss and poly (γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) were successively conjugated using chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) to obtain the nano-prodrug PBA-COS-ss-DOX/γ-PGA. The PBA-COS-ss-DOX/γ-PGA prodrug could tightly attach to the polymer chain segment by atom transfer radical polymerization. Simultaneously, the drug interacted relatively weakly with the polymer by encapsulating ionic crosslinkers in DOX@PBA-COS/γ-PGA. The disulfide bond of the DOX-ss prodrug as a GSH-scavenger could be activated using overexpressed GSH to release DOX. Particularly, PBA-COS-ss-DOX/γ-PGA could prevent premature drug leakage and facilitate DOX delivery by GGT-targeting and intracellular H2O2-cleavable linker in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Concurrently, the nano-prodrug induced strong oxidative stress and tumor cell apoptosis. Collectively, the pH-GSH-H2O2-GGT responsive nano-prodrug shows potential for synergistic tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Cui
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Qingqing Xu
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Weishuang Lou
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Yali Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Xuelian Xi
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Yanlin Chen
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Mengyao Sun
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Zihua Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Pengshuai Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Shuoye Yang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
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10
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Jiang J, Liu H, Ni W, Zhang M, Gu F, Pei J, Wang Y, Tian Y. Variable Control and Its Influence Before Urine Sample Analysis in a Field Environment. Biopreserv Biobank 2024; 22:146-156. [PMID: 37590468 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2022.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of the study was to store urine samples at different temperatures and humidity levels and analyze common biochemical test results and point-of-care testing (POCT) indicators according to different storage times and evaluate whether the samples should be centrifuged to study the best storage conditions for urine samples. Methods: Random midstream urine samples (100 mL) were collected from 10 healthy individuals. A portion of the samples was centrifuged. The remaining samples were not centrifuged and were stored under different temperature and humidity conditions for different periods. We measured urine indicators ([Na+], [K+], [Cl-], gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT], urea, and creatinine [Cr]) at 2, 4, 24, and 72 hours and 7 and 55 days, and we used POCT to measure myoglobin (Mb) and microalbumin (mAlb) concentrations. Results: Centrifugation of urine samples decreased the measured GGT and increased the measured Mb. In urine samples stored at 4°C and room temperature, electrolyte concentrations were scarcely affected by storage time. After storage at 50°C for 24 hours, the measured [Na+] and [Cl-] levels changed. Metabolites (urea and Cr) underwent no obvious change across temperatures. GGT did not change during long-term storage at 4°C. The mAlb level changed significantly only after storage at 4°C. When stored at 4°C, Mb changed little within 4 hours. Under humid conditions, [Na+] and [Cl-] increased significantly after 24 hours, and urea decreased significantly after 7 days of storage. Under dry storage conditions, urinary Cr and GGT decreased, and under humid conditions, these concentrations increased. At high humidity, mAlb increased significantly after 72 hours. Conclusions: Electrolyte and amino acid metabolite concentrations were less affected by storage time at 4°C and room temperature than at other temperatures. Some proteins are sensitive to environmental changes; samples collected for quantification of these proteins can be stored briefly at 4°C after centrifugation. Normal humidity conditions meet most physiological testing requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiang
- Clinical and Biological Sample Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hanxuan Liu
- Beijing Jinghua Anliang Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Wenfeng Ni
- Clinical and Biological Sample Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Manli Zhang
- Technical Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Birth Defects, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyan Gu
- Clinical and Biological Sample Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlian Pei
- Clinical and Biological Sample Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Clinical and Biological Sample Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Tian
- Technical Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Birth Defects, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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11
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Chen G, Xu J, Ma S, Ji X, Carney JB, Wang C, Gao X, Chen P, Fan B, Chen J, Yue Y, James TD. Visual monitoring of biocatalytic processes using small molecular fluorescent probes: strategies-mechanisms-applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2716-2731. [PMID: 38353179 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05626k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of biocatalytic-based processes is significantly improved and simplified when they can be visualized. Visual monitoring can be achieved by integrating a fluorescent unit with the biocatalyst. Herein, we outline the design strategies of fluorescent probes for monitoring biocatalysis: (1) probes for monitoring biocatalytic transfer: γ-glutamine is linked to the fluorophore as both a recognition group and for intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) inhibition; the probe is initially in an off state and is activated via the transfer of the γ-glutamine group and the release of the free amino group, which results in restoration of the "Donor-π-Acceptor" (D-π-A) system and fluorescence recovery. (2) Probes for monitoring biocatalytic oxidation: a propylamine is connected to the fluorophore as a recognition group, which cages the hydroxyl group, leading to the inhibition of ICT; propylamine is oxidized and subsequently β-elimination occurs, resulting in exposure of the hydroxyl group and fluorescence recovery. (3) Probes for monitoring biocatalytic reduction: a nitro group attached to a fluorophore as a fluorescence quenching group, this is converted to an amino group by catalytic reduction, resulting in fluorescence recovery. (4) Probes for monitoring biocatalytic hydrolysis: β-D-galactopyranoside or phosphate acts as a recognition group attached to hydroxyl groups of the fluorophore; the subsequent biocatalytic hydrolysis reaction releases the hydroxyl group resulting in fluorescence recovery. Following these 4 mechanisms, fluorophores including cyanine, coumarin, rhodamine, and Nile-red, have been used to develop systems for monitoring biocatalytic reactions. We anticipate that these strategies will result in systems able to rapidly diagnose and facilitate the treatment of serious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chen
- The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jie Xu
- The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Siyue Ma
- The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xinrui Ji
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Jared B Carney
- Department of Chemistry, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware 19901, USA.
| | - Chao Wang
- The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xiaoyong Gao
- Jiangsu Simba Biological Medicine Co., Ltd. Gaogang Distrct Qidizhihui Park, Taizhou City, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Baolei Fan
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, No. 88, Xianning Avenue, Xianan District, Xianning 437000, China.
| | - Ji Chen
- Jiangsu Simba Biological Medicine Co., Ltd. Gaogang Distrct Qidizhihui Park, Taizhou City, China
| | - Yanfeng Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware 19901, USA.
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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12
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Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Wu M, Zhang R. Advances and Perspectives of Responsive Probes for Measuring γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2024; 4:54-75. [PMID: 38404494 PMCID: PMC10885334 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a plasma-membrane-bound enzyme that is involved in the γ-glutamyl cycle, like metabolism of glutathione (GSH). This enzyme plays an important role in protecting cells from oxidative stress, thus being tested as a key biomarker for several medical conditions, such as liver injury, carcinogenesis, and tumor progression. For measuring GGT activity, a number of bioanalytical methods have emerged, such as chromatography, colorimetric, electrochemical, and luminescence analyses. Among these approaches, probes that can specifically respond to GGT are contributing significantly to measuring its activity in vitro and in vivo. This review thus aims to highlight the recent advances in the development of responsive probes for GGT measurement and their practical applications. Responsive probes for fluorescence analysis, including "off-on", near-infrared (NIR), two-photon, and ratiometric fluorescence response probes, are initially summarized, followed by discussing the advances in the development of other probes, such as bioluminescence, chemiluminescence, photoacoustic, Raman, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). The practical applications of the responsive probes in cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring and GGT inhibitor screening are then highlighted. Based on this information, the advantages, challenges, and prospects of responsive probe technology for GGT measurement are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University
of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zexi Zhang
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University
of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University
of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University
of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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13
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Veider F, Sanchez Armengol E, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Charge-Reversible Nanoparticles: Advanced Delivery Systems for Therapy and Diagnosis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304713. [PMID: 37675812 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed a rapid progress in the development of surface charge-reversible nanoparticles (NPs) for drug delivery and diagnosis. These NPs are able to elegantly address the polycation dilemma. Converting their surface charge from negative/neutral to positive at the target site, they can substantially improve delivery of drugs and diagnostic agents. By specific stimuli like a shift in pH and redox potential, enzymes, or exogenous stimuli such as light or heat, charge reversal of NP surface can be achieved at the target site. The activated positive surface charge enhances the adhesion of NPs to target cells and facilitates cellular uptake, endosomal escape, and mitochondrial targeting. Because of these properties, the efficacy of incorporated drugs as well as the sensitivity of diagnostic agents can be essentially enhanced. Furthermore, charge-reversible NPs are shown to overcome the biofilm formed by pathogenic bacteria and to shuttle antibiotics directly to the cell membrane of these microorganisms. In this review, the up-to-date design of charge-reversible NPs and their emerging applications in drug delivery and diagnosis are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florina Veider
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Eva Sanchez Armengol
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
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14
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Wang K, Chen XY, Zhang B, Yue Y, Wen XL, Yang Y, Yang YS, Zhu HL, Liu HJ, Zhang AG. Near-infrared imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma and its medicinal treatment with a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-monitoring fluorescence probe. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 241:115721. [PMID: 37788579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the Near-infrared imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its medicinal treatment was achieved with a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-monitoring fluorescence probe KYZ-GGT which consisted of the typical recognition group γ-glutamyl and the structurally modified signal reporting group hemicyanine-thioxanthene. Compared with the recently reported probes, KYZ-GGT suggested practical and steady capability for monitoring the GGT level in the cellular, xenograft, induced as well as medicinal treatment HCC models. It realized the mitochondrial targeting intracellular imaging to reflect the GGT dynamics in the induction or medicinal treatment of HCC. In the xenograft and induced model mice with multiple factors, KYZ-GGT showed stable performance for visualizing the HCC status. In the medicinal treatment of the long-period-induced HCC model mice verified by the serum indexes and histopathological analysis, KYZ-GGT successfully imaged the medicinal treatment process of HCC with two marketed drugs (Sorafenib and Lenvatinib) respectively, with an applicative penetration depth. The information here was meaningful for investigating effective medicinal strategies for overcoming HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xu-Yang Chen
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Ying Yue
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Wen
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yu-Shun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong-Ji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.
| | - Ai-Guo Zhang
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
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15
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Huertas-Lárez R, Muñoz-Moreno L, Recio-Aldavero J, Román ID, Arenas MI, Blasco A, Sanchís-Bonet Á, Bajo AM. Induction of more aggressive tumoral phenotypes in LNCaP and PC3 cells by serum exosomes from prostate cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2023; 153:1829-1841. [PMID: 37526104 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent and sixth most fatal cancer in men worldwide. Despite its high prevalence, our understanding of its etiology and the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of the disease is substantially limited. In recent years, the potential participation of exosomes in this process has been suggested. Therefore, we aim to study the effect of exosomes isolated from the serum of patients with PCa on various cellular processes associated with increased tumor aggressiveness in two PCa cell lines: LNCaP-FGC and PC3. The exosomes were isolated by filtration wand ultracentrifugation. Their presence was confirmed by immunodetection of specific markers and their size distribution was analyzed by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The results obtained demonstrated that serum exosomes from PCa patients increased migration of PC3 cells and neuroendocrine differentiation of LNCaP-FGC cells regardless of the grade of the tumor. PCa serum exosomes also enhanced the secretion of enzymes related to invasiveness and resistance to chemotherapeutics, such as extracellular matrix metalloproteases 2 and 9, and gamma-glutamyltransferase in both cell lines. Altogether, these findings support the pivotal participation of exosomes released by tumoral cells in the progression of PCa. Future studies on the molecular mechanisms involved in the observed changes could provide crucial information on this disease and help in the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Huertas-Lárez
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Muñoz-Moreno
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Recio-Aldavero
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Dolores Román
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Arenas
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Blasco
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Carretera de Alcalá Meco s/n, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Sanchís-Bonet
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Carretera de Alcalá Meco s/n, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Bajo
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Gong JL, Yu J, Wang TL, He XS, Tang YH, Zhu XF. Application of extended criteria donor grafts in liver transplantation for acute-on-chronic liver failure: A retrospective cohort study. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5630-5640. [PMID: 38077155 PMCID: PMC10701327 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i41.5630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no consensus on the usage of extended criteria donor (ECD) grafts in liver transplantation (LT) for acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients. AIM To summarize the experience of using ECD livers in ACLF-LT. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted, enrolling patients who underwent LT at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from January 2015 to November 2021. The patients were divided into ECD and non-ECD groups for analysis. RESULTS A total of 145 recipients were enrolled in this study, of which ECD and non-ECD recipients accounted for 53.8% and 46.2%, respectively. Donation after cardiac death (DCD) recipients accounted for the minority compared with donation after brain death (DBD) recipients (16.6% vs 83.4%). Neither overall survival nor graft survival significantly differed between ECD and non-ECD and DCD and DBD recipients. ECD grafts were associated with a significantly higher incidence of early allograft dysfunction (EAD) than non-ECD grafts (67.9% vs 41.8%, P = 0.002). Postoperative outcomes between DCD and DBD recipients were comparable (P > 0.05). ECD graft (P = 0.009), anhepatic phase (P = 0.034) and recipient gamma glutamyltransferase (P = 0.016) were independent risk factors for EAD. Recipient preoperative number of extrahepatic organ failures > 2 (P = 0.015) and intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.000) were independent predictors of poor post-LT survival. CONCLUSION Although related to a higher risk of EAD, ECD grafts can be safely used in ACLF-LT. The main factors affecting post-LT survival in ACLF patients are their own severe preoperative disease and intraoperative blood loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tie-Long Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Shun He
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yun-Hua Tang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
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17
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Wu M, Gong D, Zhou Y, Zha Z, Xia X. Activatable probes with potential for intraoperative tumor-specific fluorescence-imaging guided surgery. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9777-9797. [PMID: 37749982 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01590d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Owing to societal development and aging population, the impact of cancer on human health and quality of life has increased. Early detection and surgical treatment are the most effective approaches for most cancer patients. As the scope of conventional tumor resection is determined by auxiliary examination and surgeon experience, there is often insufficient recognition of tiny tumors. The ability to detect such tumors can be improved by using fluorescent tumor-specific probes for surgical navigation. This review mainly describes the design principles and mechanisms of activatable probes for the fluorescence imaging of tumors. This type of probe is nonfluorescent in normal tissue but exhibits obvious fluorescence emission upon encountering tumor-specific substrates, such as enzymes or bioactive molecules, or changes in the microenvironment, such as a low pH. In some cases, a single-factor response does not guarantee the effective fluorescence labeling of tumors. Therefore, two-factor-activatable fluorescence imaging probes that react with two specific factors in tumor cells have also been developed. Compared with single biomarker testing, the simultaneous monitoring of multiple biomarkers may provide additional insight into the role of these substances in cancer development and aid in improving the accuracy of early cancer diagnosis. Research and progress in this field can provide new methods for precision medicine and targeted therapy. The development of new approaches for early diagnosis and treatment can effectively improve the prognosis of cancer patients and help enhance their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University Anhui Hospital, Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230051, P. R. China.
| | - Deyan Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University Anhui Hospital, Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230051, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengbao Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoping Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University Anhui Hospital, Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230051, P. R. China.
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Kolotylo V, Piwowarek K, Kieliszek M. Microbiological transglutaminase: Biotechnological application in the food industry. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220737. [PMID: 37791057 PMCID: PMC10543708 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial transglutaminases (mTGs) belong to the family of global TGs, isolated and characterised by various bacterial strains, with the first being Streptomyces mobaraensis. This literature review also discusses TGs of animal and plant origin. TGs catalyse the formation of an isopeptide bond, cross-linking the amino and acyl groups. Due to its broad enzymatic activity, TG is extensively utilised in the food industry. The annual net growth in the utilisation of enzymes in the food processing industry is estimated to be 21.9%. As of 2020, the global food enzymes market was valued at around $2.3 billion USD (mTG market was estimated to be around $200 million USD). Much of this growth is attributed to the applications of mTG, benefiting both producers and consumers. In the food industry, TG enhances gelation and modifies emulsification, foaming, viscosity, and water-holding capacity. Research on TG, mainly mTG, provides increasing insights into the wide range of applications of this enzyme in various industrial sectors and promotes enzymatic processing. This work presents the characteristics of TGs, their properties, and the rationale for their utilisation. The review aims to provide theoretical foundations that will assist researchers worldwide in building a methodological framework and furthering the advancement of biotechnology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy Kolotylo
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Piwowarek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Njenga LW, Mbugua SN, Odhiambo RA, Onani MO. Addressing the gaps in homeostatic mechanisms of copper and copper dithiocarbamate complexes in cancer therapy: a shift from classical platinum-drug mechanisms. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:5823-5847. [PMID: 37021641 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00366c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The platinum drug, cisplatin, is considered as among the most successful medications in cancer treatment. However, due to its inherent toxicity and resistance limitations, research into other metal-based non-platinum anticancer medications with diverse mechanisms of action remains an active field. In this regard, copper complexes feature among non-platinum compounds which have shown promising potential as effective anticancer drugs. Moreover, the interesting discovery that cancer cells can alter their copper homeostatic processes to develop resistance to platinum-based treatments leads to suggestions that some copper compounds can indeed re-sensitize cancer cells to these drugs. In this work, we review copper and copper complexes bearing dithiocarbamate ligands which have shown promising results as anticancer agents. Dithiocarbamate ligands act as effective ionophores to convey the complexes of interest into cells thereby influencing the metal homeostatic balance and inducing apoptosis through various mechanisms. We focus on copper homeostasis in mammalian cells and on our current understanding of copper dysregulation in cancer and recent therapeutic breakthroughs using copper coordination complexes as anticancer drugs. We also discuss the molecular foundation of the mechanisms underlying their anticancer action. The opportunities that exist in research for these compounds and their potential as anticancer agents, especially when coupled with ligands such as dithiocarbamates, are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia W Njenga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Simon N Mbugua
- Department of Chemistry, Kisii University, P.O. Box 408-40200, Kisii, Kenya
| | - Ruth A Odhiambo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Martin O Onani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Belville, 7535, South Africa
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20
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Gad AF, Abdelgalil GM, Radwan MA. Bio-molluscicidal potential and biochemical mechanisms of clove oil and its main component eugenol against the land snail, Theba pisana. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:105407. [PMID: 37105634 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The land snail, Theba pisana is a serious pest that adversely affects various crops in sustainable agriculture. Essential oils and their constituents represent an environmentally sound alternative to synthetic pesticides. Our study aimed to investigate the lethal and sub-lethal toxicity of clove oil and its main component eugenol to understand the mechanisms underlying its toxic action against T. pisana. The GC-MS profile of the clove oil composition was characterized. In the laboratory experiment, LD50 of clove oil and eugenol via the contact testing were determined after 48 and 72 h. Moreover, sub-lethal effects of clove oil or eugenol on the survivors following the exposure of snails to the 25 and 50% of the LD50/48 and 72 h were evaluated through using snail tissues for biochemical measurments. The GC-MS analysis showed that eugenol (64.87%) was the major constituent present in the oil. The results also showed that LD50 values at 48 and 72 h were 2006.5 and 1493.5 μg/g b.w for oil and 239.6 and 195.3 μg/g b.w for eugenol, respectively. Compared to control, the sub-lethal effects of clove oil or eugenol at 48 and 72 h showed a significant increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities significantly elevated in oil- or eugenol-treated snails, except at low dose after 48 h. After two exposure times, snails exposed to oil or eugenol at both sub-lethal effects had considerably higher γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities. Moreover, markedly augmentation in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities at all exposure times, with the exception of snails treated with low dose of eugenol after 48 h was observed. Both clove oil and eugenol at the tested doses caused a significant inhibition in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity at two exposure times. Our findings highlight the potential of clove oil and eugenol, as an efficient natural molluscicide alternative to its synthetic counterparts for snail control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira F Gad
- Department of Animal Pests, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Gaber M Abdelgalil
- Department of Animal Pests, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Radwan
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, El-Shatby, 21545 Alexandria, Egypt.
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21
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Zhang Y, Ma S, Zhang J, Lou L, Liu W, Gao C, Miao L, Sun F, Chen W, Cao X, Wei J. MicroRNA-142-3p promotes renal cell carcinoma progression by targeting RhoBTB3 to regulate HIF-1 signaling and GGT/GSH pathways. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5935. [PMID: 37045834 PMCID: PMC10097650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs play a critical regulatory role in different cancers, but their functions in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have not been elucidated. Reportedly, miR-142-3p is involved in the tumorigenesis and the development of RCC in vitro and is clinically correlated with the poor prognosis of RCC patients. However, the molecular target of miR-142-3p and the underlying mechanism are unclear. In this study, we found that miR-142-3p was upregulated in RCC tumor tissues and downregulated in exosomes compared to normal tissues. The expression of miR-142-3p was inversely associated with the survival of patients with kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). RhoBTB3 was reduced in RCC, and miR-142-3p plays an inverse function with RhoBTB3 in KIRC. The direct interaction between RhoBTB3 and miR-142-3p was demonstrated by a dual luciferase reporter assay. miR-142-3p promoted metastasis in the xenograft model, and the suppression of miR-142-3p upregulated RhoBTB3 protein expression and inhibited the mRNAs and proteins of HIF1A, VEGFA, and GGT1. Also, the miR-142-3p overexpression upregulated the mRNA of HIF1A, VEGFA, and GGT1. In conclusion, miR-142-3p functions as an oncogene in RCC, especially in KIRC, by targeting RhoBTB3 to regulate HIF-1 signaling and GGT/GSH pathways, which needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Zhang
- Department of Urology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Sha Ma
- Department of Hematopathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Lu Lou
- Department of Urology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wanqi Liu
- Department of Urology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Urology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Long Miao
- Department of Urology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fanghao Sun
- Department of Urology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiliang Cao
- Department of Urology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Urology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China.
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22
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Sung Y, Lee YJ, Jung DH, Park B. Potential Association of Isolated γ-Glutamyltransferase Elevation with Incident Ischemic Heart Disease in Lean Koreans. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12121966. [PMID: 36556187 PMCID: PMC9785500 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12121966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated elevation of γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), a microsomal membrane-bound protein, is commonly observed in non-obese Koreans without diabetes, and its clinical implications are not well-known. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the longitudinal effect of isolated GGT on the incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) risk in a large cohort of lean non-diabetic Koreans. Data were obtained from the Health Risk Assessment Study (HERAS) and Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) datasets. The participants were divided into four groups according to the GGT quartile after the exclusion of those participants with diabetes, a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≥ 40 IU/L, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/ALT > 1.5, as well as those positive for hepatitis B surface antigen or hepatitis C antibody. We prospectively assessed the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for IHD using multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models over a 50-month period. During the follow-up period, 183 individuals (1.85%) developed IHD. After setting the lowest GGT quartile as a reference group, the HRs of IHD for GGT quartiles 2−4 were 1.66 (95% CI 0.95−2.89), 1.82 (95% CI 1.05−3.16), and 1.98 (95% CI 1.12−3.50), respectively, after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, mean arterial blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and dyslipidemia. An isolated high GGT may be an additional measure for assessing and managing future IHD risks among lean Koreans without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Sung
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin-si 16995, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuk Jung
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin-si 16995, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-H.J.); (B.P.)
| | - Byoungjin Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin-si 16995, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-H.J.); (B.P.)
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23
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Souza L, Ferreira FV, Lopes JH, Camilli JA, Martin RA. Cancer Inhibition and In Vivo Osteointegration and Compatibility of Gallium-Doped Bioactive Glasses for Osteosarcoma Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45156-45166. [PMID: 36170227 PMCID: PMC9562271 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Traditional osteosarcoma therapies tend to focus solely on eradicating residual cancer cells and often fail to promote local bone regeneration and even inhibit it due to lack of precise control over target cells, i.e., the treatment affects both normal and cancer cells. Typically, multistep procedures are required for optimal efficacy. Here, we found that a silica-based bioactive material containing 3 mol % gallium oxide selectively kills human osteosarcoma cells and presents excellent in vivo osteointegration, while showing no local or systemic toxicity. Cell culture media conditioned with the proposed material was able to kill 41% of osteosarcoma cells, and no significant deleterious effect on normal human osteoblasts was observed. In addition, rats treated with the gallium-doped material showed excellent material-bone integration with no sign of local toxicity or implant rejection. Systemic biocompatibility investigation did not indicate any sign of toxicity, with no presence of fibrosis or cellular infiltrate in the histological microstructure of the liver and kidneys after 56 days of observation. Taken together, these results show that synergistic bone regeneration and targeted cancer therapy can be combined, paving the way toward new bone cancer treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Souza
- Engineering
for Heath Research Centre, College of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Filipe V. Ferreira
- Embrapa
Instrumentation, Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture, XV de Novembro, 1452, Sao Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Joao H. Lopes
- Department
of Chemistry, Aeronautics Institute of Technology, Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes
50, Vila das Acacias, São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12228-900, Brazil
| | - Jose Angelo Camilli
- Department
of Functional and Structural Biology, State
University of Campinas, Campinas13083-970, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard A. Martin
- Engineering
for Heath Research Centre, College of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
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24
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The Diagnostic Value of GGT-Based Biochemical Indicators for Choledocholithiasis with Negative Imaging Results of Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:7737610. [PMID: 35949700 PMCID: PMC9348969 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7737610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To reveal the relationship between a group of preoperative biochemical indicators such as GGT, ALP, ALT, AST, TB, and DB and the occurrence of common bile duct stones in patients with negative results of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, a retrospective diagnostic accuracy clinical test is conducted in this study. In order to reduce the missed diagnosis rate of choledocholithiasis and perform more accurate common bile duct exploration, 466 patients who underwent surgical treatment of cholelithiasis from January 2014 to December 2015 have been analyzed retrospectively. Firstly, the confounding factors are corrected through Binary Logistic regression. Then, the diagnostic efficacy of each indicator is measured by the ROC curve among different types of patients. In all patients, the top three individual indicators with the greatest AUC curve area for predicting common bile duct stones can be observed from the results of MRCP, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase. Besides, the diagnostic efficiency of the comprehensive evaluation is higher than that of all individual indicators. For MRCP-negative patients, the top three largest AUC curve area of the diagnostic efficacy for choledocholithiasis were GGT, ALP, and DB. For patients who have a suspected diagnosis of secondary choledocholithiasis, the diagnostic efficacy of the combination of imaging results, biochemical indexes, common bile duct width, and other abnormal indicators for choledocholithiasis is much higher than that of the single abnormal biochemical indexes for the prediction of choledocholithiasis. For MRCP-negative patients, GGT, ALP, DB, and the width of common bile duct diameter are valuable for the prediction of common bile duct stones, and GGT is the most valuable diagnostic predictor.
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25
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Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Activity (GGT) Is a Long-Sought Biomarker of Redox Status in Blood Circulation: A Retrospective Clinical Study of 44 Types of Human Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8494076. [PMID: 35707277 PMCID: PMC9192220 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8494076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim. Redox equilibria are critical for life, but the biomarkers of redox status are currently unavailable. Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is an essential factor for modulating redox equilibrium through glutathione. In clinical practice, increased circulating GGT activity is used as a hepatobiliary disease biomarker. However, increased circulating GGT activities have also been observed in cancers, heart disease, diabetes, hyperuricemia, inflammation, renal insufficiency, and other diseases, explained by its role in maintaining redox equilibrium inside and outside cells. Previous studies on GGT were mainly limited to one type of disease at one time. In the current study, we systematically compared the GGT levels in 44 different human diseases to test if it could serve as a redox status biomarker in blood circulation. Methods. The clinical GGT data from 168,858 patients with 44 diseases and 132,357 healthy control in the clinical laboratory of our hospital over the past five years were retrieved. All data were analyzed with SPSS, RStudio V.1.3.1073, and python libraries 3.8. Results. Thirty-eight out of 44 diseases had significantly increased (
) circulating GGT activities, whereas gastric cancer, anemia, renal cyst, cervical cancer, preeclampsia, and knee-joint degenerative diseases had significantly decreased (
) GGT activities compared to the healthy control. ROC analyses showed that GGT was an excellent biomarker for liver cancer (
), pancreatitis (
), or hepatic encephalopathy (
). All pancreas-related diseases had more than 8-fold increases in GGT activity span than the healthy control, while pancreatic cancer had a 12-fold increase (1021 U/L vs. 82 U/L). The knee-joint degenerative disease had the lowest median and narrowest GGT activity range (63 U/L). Furthermore, most diseases’ lowest to highest GGT activities were beyond the healthy control in both directions. Conclusions. Thirty-eight out of 44 diseases were in overall oxidative states defined by the increased GGT median values. In contrast, knee-joint degenerative disease, gastric cancer, anemia, renal cyst, cervical cancer, and preeclampsia were in overall antioxidative states. Moreover, most diseases swing between oxidative and antioxidative states, evidenced by the increased lowest to highest GGT activity ranges than the healthy control. Liver- and pancreas-related abnormalities were responsible for significantly increased GGT activities. Our overall results suggested that circulating GGT was a redox status biomarker.
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26
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Xie Z, Kawasaki T, Zhou H, Okuzaki D, Okada N, Tachibana M. Targeting GGT1 Eliminates the Tumor-Promoting Effect and Enhanced Immunosuppressive Function of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Caused by G-CSF. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:873792. [PMID: 35548341 PMCID: PMC9081766 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.873792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are major immunosuppressive cells that accumulate in tumor-bearing hosts. Since MDSCs suppress anti-tumor immunity and promote tumor progression, they are promising targets for cancer immunotherapy. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is an agent used for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (FN) in patients with cancer. However, several reports have revealed that G-CSF plays crucial immune-related adverse roles in tumor progression through MDSCs. In this study, we showed that MDSCs differentiated in the presence of G-CSF in vitro exhibited enhanced proliferation and immunosuppressive activity compared to those differentiated without G-CSF. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that G-CSF enhanced the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs by upregulating gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) 1. Moreover, in the EL4 lymphoma-bearing neutropenic mouse model, administration of recombinant G-CSF increased the number of MDSCs and attenuated the anti-cancer effect of chemotherapy. We showed that the combination of GGsTop, a GGT inhibitor, could prevent G-CSF-induced tumor growth, without affecting the promotion of myelopoiesis by G-CSF. These results suggest that targeting GGT1 can mitigate G-CSF-induced enhanced immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs and can eliminate the tumor-promoting effect of G-CSF. Furthermore, GGsTop could be an attractive combination agent during G-CSF treatment for FN in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Xie
- Project for Vaccine and Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawasaki
- Project for Vaccine and Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haoyang Zhou
- Project for Vaccine and Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Single Cell Genomics, Human Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Okada
- Project for Vaccine and Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Tachibana
- Project for Vaccine and Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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27
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Afify H, Ghoneum A, Almousa S, Abdulfattah AY, Warren B, Langsten K, Gonzalez D, Casals R, Bharadwaj M, Kridel S, Said N. Metabolomic credentialing of murine carcinogen-induced urothelial cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22085. [PMID: 34764423 PMCID: PMC8585868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is the most common malignancy of the urinary system with increasing incidence, mortality, and limited treatment options. Therefore, it is imperative to validate preclinical models that faithfully represent BCa cellular, molecular, and metabolic heterogeneity to develop new therapeutics. We performed metabolomic profiling of premalignant and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) that ensued in the chemical carcinogenesis N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN) mouse model. We identified the enriched metabolic signatures that associate with premalignant and NMIBC. We found that enrichment of lipid metabolism is the forerunner of carcinogen-induced premalignant and NMIBC lesions. Cross-species analysis revealed the prognostic value of the enzymes associated with carcinogen-induced enriched metabolic in human disease. To date, this is the first study describing the global metabolomic profiles associated with early premalignant and NMIBC and provide evidence that these metabolomic signatures can be used for prognostication of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Afify
- Department of Cancer Biology, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Alia Ghoneum
- Department of Cancer Biology, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Sameh Almousa
- Department of Cancer Biology, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ammar Yasser Abdulfattah
- Department of Cancer Biology, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Bailey Warren
- Department of Cancer Biology, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kendall Langsten
- Department of Cancer Biology, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Daniela Gonzalez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Randy Casals
- Department of Cancer Biology, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Manish Bharadwaj
- Cell Analysis Division, Agilent Technologies, Inc, Santa Clara, CA, 95051, USA
| | - Steven Kridel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Neveen Said
- Department of Cancer Biology, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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28
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Une M, Takemura K, Inamura K, Fukushima H, Ito M, Kobayashi S, Yuasa T, Yonese J, Board PG, Koga F. Impact of Serum γ-Glutamyltransferase on Overall Survival in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated with Docetaxel. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215587. [PMID: 34771748 PMCID: PMC8583487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a biomarker of oxidative stress and its elevation in the serum is linked to poor survival in various malignancies; however, reports on metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) are scarce. Moreover, the source of serum GGT in men with mCRPC is largely unknown. The aims of this study were to determine the impact of serum GGT on overall survival in men with mCRPC receiving docetaxel therapy, and to examine the association between systemic and local GGT levels using immunohistochemistry. Of note, high serum GGT was associated with adverse overall survival as were low hemoglobin and high prostate-specific antigen levels. Additionally, tissue GGT expression status in prostate specimens was moderately positively associated with serum GGT. We demonstrated that pre-therapeutic serum GGT was an independent prognosticator in men with mCRPC receiving docetaxel therapy, and that overexpression of GGT in cancer cells might be responsible for the elevation of serum GGT. Abstract Background: Reports on the prognostic significance of serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) are limited. In addition, GGT expression status in cancer tissues has not been well characterized regardless of cancer types. Methods: This retrospective study included 107 consecutive men with mCRPC receiving docetaxel therapy. The primary endpoints were associations of serum GGT with overall survival (OS) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response. The secondary endpoint was an association of serum GGT with progression-free survival (PFS). Additionally, GGT expression status was immunohistochemically semi-quantified using tissue microarrays. Results: A total of 67 (63%) men died during follow-up periods (median 22.5 months for survivors). On multivariable analysis, high Log GGT was independently associated with adverse OS (HR 1.49, p = 0.006) as were low hemoglobin (HR 0.79, p = 0.002) and high PSA (HR 1.40, p < 0.001). In contrast, serum GGT was not significantly associated with PSA response or PFS. Moreover, incorporation of serum GGT into established prognostic models (i.e., Halabi and Smaletz models) increased their C-indices for predicting OS from 0.772 to 0.787 (p = 0.066) and from 0.777 to 0.785 (p = 0.118), respectively. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between serum and tissue GGT levels (ρ = 0.53, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Serum GGT may be a prognostic biomarker in men with mCRPC receiving docetaxel therapy. GGT overexpression by prostate cancer cells appears to be responsible for the elevation of GGT in the serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Une
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan; (M.U.); (M.I.); (S.K.); (F.K.)
| | - Kosuke Takemura
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan; (M.U.); (M.I.); (S.K.); (F.K.)
- Department of Urology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan; (T.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3823-2101
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Fukushima
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan;
| | - Masaya Ito
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan; (M.U.); (M.I.); (S.K.); (F.K.)
| | - Shuichiro Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan; (M.U.); (M.I.); (S.K.); (F.K.)
| | - Takeshi Yuasa
- Department of Urology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan; (T.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Junji Yonese
- Department of Urology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan; (T.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Philip G. Board
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Molecular Genetics Group, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;
| | - Fumitaka Koga
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan; (M.U.); (M.I.); (S.K.); (F.K.)
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