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Lin Z, Ying C, Si X, Xue N, Liu Y, Zheng R, Chen Y, Pu J, Zhang B. NOX4 exacerbates Parkinson's disease pathology by promoting neuronal ferroptosis and neuroinflammation. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:2038-2052. [PMID: 38993139 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202507000-00026/figure1/v/2024-09-09T124005Z/r/image-tiff Parkinson's disease is primarily caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compacta. Ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, plays a vital role in the death of dopaminergic neurons. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis in dopaminergic neurons have not yet been completely elucidated. NADPH oxidase 4 is related to oxidative stress, however, whether it regulates dopaminergic neuronal ferroptosis remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether NADPH oxidase 4 is involved in dopaminergic neuronal ferroptosis, and if so, by what mechanism. We found that the transcriptional regulator activating transcription factor 3 increased NADPH oxidase 4 expression in dopaminergic neurons and astrocytes in an 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson's disease model. NADPH oxidase 4 inhibition improved the behavioral impairments observed in the Parkinson's disease model animals and reduced the death of dopaminergic neurons. Moreover, NADPH oxidase 4 inhibition reduced lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation in the substantia nigra of the Parkinson's disease model animals. Mechanistically, we found that NADPH oxidase 4 interacted with activated protein kinase C α to prevent ferroptosis of dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, by lowering the astrocytic lipocalin-2 expression, NADPH oxidase 4 inhibition reduced 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine-induced neuroinflammation. These findings demonstrate that NADPH oxidase 4 promotes ferroptosis of dopaminergic neurons and neuroinflammation, which contribute to dopaminergic neuron death, suggesting that NADPH oxidase 4 is a possible therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Liu Y, Fleishman JS, Wang H, Huo L. Pharmacologically Targeting Ferroptosis and Cuproptosis in Neuroblastoma. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04501-0. [PMID: 39331355 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a deadly pediatric cancer that originates from the neural crest and frequently develops in the abdomen or adrenal gland. Although multiple approaches, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, are recommended for treating neuroblastoma, the tumor will eventually develop resistance, leading to treatment failure and cancer relapse. Therefore, a firm understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance is vital for the development of new effective therapies. Recent research suggests that cancer-specific modifications to multiple subtypes of nonapoptotic regulated cell death (RCD), such as ferroptosis and cuproptosis, contribute to therapeutic resistance in neuroblastoma. Targeting these specific types of RCD may be viable novel targets for future drug discovery in the treatment of neuroblastoma. In this review, we summarize the core mechanisms by which the inability to properly execute ferroptosis and cuproptosis can enhance the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma. Therefore, we focus on emerging therapeutic compounds that can induce ferroptosis or cuproptosis, delineating their beneficial pharmacodynamic effects in neuroblastoma treatment. Cumulatively, we suggest that the pharmacological stimulation of ferroptosis and ferroptosis may be a novel and therapeutically viable strategy to target neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 100012, China.
| | - Joshua S Fleishman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Hongquan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liang Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 11004, China.
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3
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Alwahsh M, Hamadneh Y, Marchan R, Dahabiyeh LA, Alhusban AA, Hasan A, Alrawabdeh J, Hergenröder R, Hamadneh L. Glutathione and Xanthine Metabolic Changes in Tamoxifen Resistant Breast Cancer Cell Lines are Mediated by Down-Regulation of GSS and XDH and Correlated to Poor Prognosis. J Cancer 2024; 15:4047-4058. [PMID: 38947399 PMCID: PMC11212086 DOI: 10.7150/jca.96659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Tamoxifen is commonly used in the treatment of hormonal-positive breast cancer. However, 30%-40% of tumors treated with tamoxifen develop resistance; therefore, an important step to overcome this resistance is to understand the underlying molecular and metabolic mechanisms. In the present work, we used metabolic profiling to determine potential biomarkers of tamoxifen resistance, and gene expression levels of enzymes important to these metabolites and then correlated the expression to the survival of patients receiving tamoxifen. Methods: Tamoxifen-resistant cell lines previously developed and characterized in our laboratory were metabolically profiled with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) using cryogenic probe, and the findings were correlated with the expression of genes that encode the key enzymes of the significant metabolites. Moreover, the effect of significantly altered genes on the overall survival of patients was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier plotter web tool. Results: We observed a significant increase in the levels of glutamine, taurine, glutathione, and xanthine, and a significant decrease in the branched-chain amino acids, valine, and isoleucine, as well as glutamate and cysteine in the tamoxifen-resistant cells compared to tamoxifen sensitive cells. Moreover, xanthine dehydrogenase and glutathione synthase gene expression were downregulated, whereas glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was upregulated compared to control. Additionally, increased expression of xanthine dehydrogenase was associated with a better outcome for breast cancer patients. Conclusion: Overall, this study sheds light on metabolic pathways that are dysregulated in tamoxifen-resistant cell lines and the potential role of each of these pathways in the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alwahsh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman-17138, Jordan
| | - Yazan Hamadneh
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rosemarie Marchan
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lina A. Dahabiyeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, 11942 Amman, Jordan
| | - Ala A Alhusban
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman-17138, Jordan
| | - Aya Hasan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman-17138, Jordan
| | | | - Roland Hergenröder
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lama Hamadneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, 19117, Al-Salt, Jordan
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Yu R, Hang Y, Tsai HI, Wang D, Zhu H. Iron metabolism: backfire of cancer cell stemness and therapeutic modalities. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:157. [PMID: 38704599 PMCID: PMC11070091 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), with their ability of self-renewal, unlimited proliferation, and multi-directional differentiation, contribute to tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to conventional therapy and immunotherapy. Eliminating CSCs has long been thought to prevent tumorigenesis. Although known to negatively impact tumor prognosis, research revealed the unexpected role of iron metabolism as a key regulator of CSCs. This review explores recent advances in iron metabolism in CSCs, conventional cancer therapies targeting iron biochemistry, therapeutic resistance in these cells, and potential treatment options that could overcome them. These findings provide important insights into therapeutic modalities against intractable cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yu
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Yinhui Hang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Hsiang-I Tsai
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
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Shao R, Liu S, Liu W, Song C, Liu L, Zhu L, Peng F, Lu Y, Tang H. Interleukin-33 increases the sensitivity of multiple myeloma cells to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib through reactive oxygen species-mediated inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B signal and stemness properties. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e562. [PMID: 38737470 PMCID: PMC11082532 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) is the first-line therapy for multiple myeloma (MM). BTZ resistance largely limits its clinical application in MM. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) exerts antitumor effects through various mechanisms, including enhancing antitumor immunity and promoting the apoptosis of cancer cells. Here, the synergistic anti-MM effect of IL-33 and BTZ was verified, and the underlying mechanisms were elucidated. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that IL-33 expression levels were downregulated in MM, and that BTZ-treated MM patients with high IL-33 levels had better prognosis than those with low IL-33 levels. Moreover, the patients with high IL-33 levels had a better treatment response to BTZ. Further immune analysis suggested that IL-33 can enhance the anti-MM immunity. IL-33 and BTZ synergistically inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of MM cells, which was mediated by the excessive accumulation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, increased ROS hindered the nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65, thereby decreasing the transcription of target stemness-related genes (SOX2, MYC, and OCT3/4). These effects induced by the combination therapy could be reversed by eliminating ROS by N-acetylcysteine. In conclusion, our results indicated that IL-33 enhanced the sensitivity of MM to BTZ through ROS-mediated inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signal and stemness properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouPR China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Oncologythe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouJiangsuPR China
| | - Wenjian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouPR China
| | - Cailu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouPR China
| | - Lingrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouPR China
| | - Lewei Zhu
- The First People's Hospital of FoshanFoshanPR China
| | - Fu Peng
- West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Yue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouPR China
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouPR China
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Afonso J, Barbosa-Matos C, Silvestre R, Pereira-Vieira J, Gonçalves SM, Mendes-Alves C, Parpot P, Pinto J, Carapito Â, Guedes de Pinho P, Santos L, Longatto-Filho A, Baltazar F. Cisplatin-Resistant Urothelial Bladder Cancer Cells Undergo Metabolic Reprogramming beyond the Warburg Effect. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1418. [PMID: 38611096 PMCID: PMC11010907 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) patients are tagged by a dismal prognosis and high mortality rates, mostly due to their poor response to standard-of-care platinum-based therapy. Mediators of chemoresistance are not fully elucidated. This work aimed to study the metabolic profile of advanced UBC, in the context of cisplatin resistance. Three isogenic pairs of parental cell lines (T24, HT1376 and KU1919) and the matching cisplatin-resistant (R) sublines were used. A set of functional assays was used to perform a metabolic screening on the cells. In comparison to the parental sublines, a tendency was observed towards an exacerbated glycolytic metabolism in the cisplatin-resistant T24 and HT1376 cells; this glycolytic phenotype was particularly evident for the HT1376/HT1376R pair, for which the cisplatin resistance ratio was higher. HT1376R cells showed decreased basal respiration and oxygen consumption associated with ATP production; in accordance, the extracellular acidification rate was also higher in the resistant subline. Glycolytic rate assay confirmed that these cells presented higher basal glycolysis, with an increase in proton efflux. While the results of real-time metabolomics seem to substantiate the manifestation of the Warburg phenotype in HT1376R cells, a shift towards distinct metabolic pathways involving lactate uptake, lipid biosynthesis and glutamate metabolism occurred with time. On the other hand, KU1919R cells seem to engage in a metabolic rewiring, recovering their preference for oxidative phosphorylation. In conclusion, cisplatin-resistant UBC cells seem to display deep metabolic alterations surpassing the Warburg effect, which likely depend on the molecular signature of each cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Afonso
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.B.-M.); (R.S.); (J.P.-V.); (S.M.G.); (A.L.-F.); (F.B.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Catarina Barbosa-Matos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.B.-M.); (R.S.); (J.P.-V.); (S.M.G.); (A.L.-F.); (F.B.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Silvestre
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.B.-M.); (R.S.); (J.P.-V.); (S.M.G.); (A.L.-F.); (F.B.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Pereira-Vieira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.B.-M.); (R.S.); (J.P.-V.); (S.M.G.); (A.L.-F.); (F.B.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Samuel Martins Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.B.-M.); (R.S.); (J.P.-V.); (S.M.G.); (A.L.-F.); (F.B.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Camille Mendes-Alves
- CQUM, Centre of Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.M.-A.); (P.P.)
| | - Pier Parpot
- CQUM, Centre of Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.M.-A.); (P.P.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Pinto
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.P.); (Â.C.); (P.G.d.P.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Carapito
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.P.); (Â.C.); (P.G.d.P.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes de Pinho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.P.); (Â.C.); (P.G.d.P.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Institute of Oncology (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.B.-M.); (R.S.); (J.P.-V.); (S.M.G.); (A.L.-F.); (F.B.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM14), Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University, São Paulo 01049-010, Brazil
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.B.-M.); (R.S.); (J.P.-V.); (S.M.G.); (A.L.-F.); (F.B.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Ye L, Wen X, Qin J, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhou T, Di Y, He W. Metabolism-regulated ferroptosis in cancer progression and therapy. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:196. [PMID: 38459004 PMCID: PMC10923903 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer metabolism mainly includes carbohydrate, amino acid and lipid metabolism, each of which can be reprogrammed. These processes interact with each other to adapt to the complicated microenvironment. Ferroptosis is a regulated cell death induced by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, which is morphologically different from apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy-dependent cell death and cuprotosis. Cancer metabolism plays opposite roles in ferroptosis. On the one hand, carbohydrate metabolism can produce NADPH to maintain GPX4 and FSP1 function, and amino acid metabolism can provide substrates for synthesizing GPX4; on the other hand, lipid metabolism might synthesize PUFAs to trigger ferroptosis. The mechanisms through which cancer metabolism affects ferroptosis have been investigated extensively for a long time; however, some mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. In this review, we summarize the interaction between cancer metabolism and ferroptosis. Importantly, we were most concerned with how these targets can be utilized in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvlan Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China
| | - Xiangqiong Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jiale Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Youpeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Ti Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China.
| | - Yuqin Di
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
- Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Weiling He
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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Valenti GE, Roveri A, Venerando R, Menichini P, Monti P, Tasso B, Traverso N, Domenicotti C, Marengo B. PTC596-Induced BMI-1 Inhibition Fights Neuroblastoma Multidrug Resistance by Inducing Ferroptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:3. [PMID: 38275623 PMCID: PMC10812464 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a paediatric cancer with noteworthy heterogeneity ranging from spontaneous regression to high-risk forms that are characterised by cancer relapse and the acquisition of drug resistance. The most-used anticancer drugs exert their cytotoxic effect by inducing oxidative stress, and long-term therapy has been demonstrated to cause chemoresistance by enhancing the antioxidant response of NB cells. Taking advantage of an in vitro model of multidrug-resistant (MDR) NB cells, characterised by high levels of glutathione (GSH), the overexpression of the oncoprotein BMI-1, and the presence of a mutant P53 protein, we investigated a new potential strategy to fight chemoresistance. Our results show that PTC596, an inhibitor of BMI-1, exerted a high cytotoxic effect on MDR NB cells, while PRIMA-1MET, a compound able to reactivate mutant P53, had no effect on the viability of MDR cells. Furthermore, both PTC596 and PRIMA-1MET markedly reduced the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition proteins and limited the clonogenic potential and the cancer stemness of MDR cells. Of particular interest is the observation that PTC596, alone or in combination with PRIMA-1MET and etoposide, significantly reduced GSH levels, increased peroxide production, stimulated lipid peroxidation, and induced ferroptosis. Therefore, these findings suggest that PTC596, by inhibiting BMI-1 and triggering ferroptosis, could be a promising approach to fight chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Elda Valenti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.E.V.); (N.T.); (B.M.)
| | - Antonella Roveri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.R.); (R.V.)
| | - Rina Venerando
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.R.); (R.V.)
| | - Paola Menichini
- Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (P.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Paola Monti
- Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (P.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Bruno Tasso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Nicola Traverso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.E.V.); (N.T.); (B.M.)
| | - Cinzia Domenicotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.E.V.); (N.T.); (B.M.)
| | - Barbara Marengo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.E.V.); (N.T.); (B.M.)
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Che J, Bing S, Lu J, Jin Z, Gao J, Sheng H, Li D, Yang B, He Q, Ying M, Dong X. Discovery of Novel Oxazepine Derivatives as Akt/ROCK Inhibitors for Growth Arrest and Differentiation Induction in Neuroblastoma Treatment. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13530-13555. [PMID: 37749892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Patients with high-risk neuroblastoma face limited treatment choices, typically involving a combination of cytotoxic and differentiation maintenance therapies due to a scarcity of drugs. Evidence suggests that targeted inhibitors may provide opportunities for inducing neuroblastoma differentiation while inhibiting proliferation. Here, we demonstrate the synergistic effect of inhibiting Akt and ROCK in antineuroblastoma and present the design and discovery of a new Akt/ROCK inhibitor, B12. It displays strong antiproliferative effects and excellent differentiation inducing activity against Neuro2a cells. Treatment with B12 results in the arrest of G0/G1 cell cycles, a significant decrease in N-myc protein level, and an increase in differentiation markers. The administration of B12 effectively suppresses xenograft tumor growth and promotes differentiation. Overall, the discovery of B12 based on the Akt/ROCK dual inhibition strategy may provide hope for the development of more effective and targeted therapies for this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Che
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shaowei Bing
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jialiang Lu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zegao Jin
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haichao Sheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Dan Li
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meidan Ying
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Pediatric Cancer Research Center, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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10
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Wang H, Zhang Z, Ruan S, Yan Q, Chen Y, Cui J, Wang X, Huang S, Hou B. Regulation of iron metabolism and ferroptosis in cancer stem cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1251561. [PMID: 37736551 PMCID: PMC10509481 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1251561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of cancer stem cells (CSCs) to self-renew, differentiate, and generate new tumors is a significant contributor to drug resistance, relapse, and metastasis. Therefore, the targeting of CSCs for treatment is particularly important. Recent studies have demonstrated that CSCs are more susceptible to ferroptosis than non-CSCs, indicating that this could be an effective strategy for treating tumors. Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death that results from the accumulation of lipid peroxides caused by intracellular iron-mediated processes. CSCs exhibit different molecular characteristics related to iron and lipid metabolism. This study reviews the alterations in iron metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and lipid peroxide scavenging in CSCs, their impact on ferroptosis, and the regulatory mechanisms underlying iron metabolism and ferroptosis. Potential treatment strategies and novel compounds targeting CSC by inducing ferroptosis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Weihai Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Weihai, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Heyuan People’s Hospital, Heyuan, China
| | - Shiye Ruan
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Heyuan People’s Hospital, Heyuan, China
| | - Qian Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Heyuan People’s Hospital, Heyuan, China
| | - Yubin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Heyuan People’s Hospital, Heyuan, China
| | - Jinwei Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Heyuan People’s Hospital, Heyuan, China
| | - Xinjian Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Weihai Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Weihai, China
| | - Shanzhou Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Heyuan People’s Hospital, Heyuan, China
- Department of General Surgery, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baohua Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Heyuan People’s Hospital, Heyuan, China
- Department of General Surgery, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Garbarino O, Valenti GE, Monteleone L, Pietra G, Mingari MC, Benzi A, Bruzzone S, Ravera S, Leardi R, Farinini E, Vernazza S, Grottoli M, Marengo B, Domenicotti C. PLX4032 resistance of patient-derived melanoma cells: crucial role of oxidative metabolism. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1210130. [PMID: 37534247 PMCID: PMC10391174 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1210130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer which shows BRAF mutation in 50% of patients. In this context, the identification of BRAFV600E mutation led to the development of specific inhibitors like PLX4032. Nevertheless, although its initial success, its clinical efficacy is reduced after six-months of therapy leading to cancer relapse due to the onset of drug resistance. Therefore, investigating the mechanisms underlying PLX4032 resistance is fundamental to improve therapy efficacy. In this context, several models of PLX4032 resistance have been developed, but the discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo results often limits their clinical translation. Methods The herein reported model has been realized by treating with PLX4032, for six months, patient-derived BRAF-mutated melanoma cells in order to obtain a reliable model of acquired PLX4032 resistance that could be predictive of patient's treatment responses. Metabolic analyses were performed by evaluating glucose consumption, ATP synthesis, oxygen consumption rate, P/O ratio, ATP/AMP ratio, lactate release, lactate dehydrogenase activity, NAD+/NADH ratio and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in parental and drug resistant melanoma cells. The intracellular oxidative state was analyzed in terms of reactive oxygen species production, glutathione levels and NADPH/NADP+ ratio. In addition, a principal component analysis was conducted in order to identify the variables responsible for the acquisition of targeted therapy resistance. Results Collectively, our results demonstrate, for the first time in patient-derived melanoma cells, that the rewiring of oxidative phosphorylation and the maintenance of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and of high glutathione levels contribute to trigger the onset of PLX4032 resistance. Conclusion Therefore, it is possible to hypothesize that inhibitors of glutathione biosynthesis and/or pyruvate dehydrogenase activity could be used in combination with PLX4032 to overcome drug resistance of BRAF-mutated melanoma patients. However, the identification of new adjuvant targets related to drug-induced metabolic reprogramming could be crucial to counteract the failure of targeted therapy in metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ombretta Garbarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Elda Valenti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Monteleone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Benzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biochemistry Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biochemistry Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefania Vernazza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Melania Grottoli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Barbara Marengo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cinzia Domenicotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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12
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Hu J, Song F, Kang W, Xia F, Song Z, Wang Y, Li J, Zhao Q. Integrative analysis of multi-omics data for discovery of ferroptosis-related gene signature predicting immune activity in neuroblastoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1162563. [PMID: 37521469 PMCID: PMC10373597 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1162563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy for neuroblastoma remains unsatisfactory due to heterogeneity and weak immunogenicity. Exploring powerful signatures for the evaluation of immunotherapy outcomes remain the primary purpose. We constructed a ferroptosis-related gene (FRG) signature by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and Cox regression, identified 10 independent prognostic FRGs in a training cohort (GSE62564), and then verified them in an external validation cohort (TCGA). Associated with clinical factors, the signature accurately predicts overall survival of 3, 5, and 10 years. An independent prognostic nomogram, which included FRG risk, age, stage of the International Neuroblastoma Staging System, and an MYCN status, was constructed. The area under the curves showed satisfactory prognostic predicting performance. Through bulk RNA-seq and proteomics data, we revealed the relationship between hub genes and the key onco-promoter MYCN gene and then validated the results in MYCN-amplified and MYCN-non-amplified cell lines with qRT-PCR. The FRG signature significantly divided patients into high- and low-risk groups, and the differentially expressed genes between the two groups were enriched in immune actions, autophagy, and carcinogenesis behaviors. The low-risk group embodied higher positive immune component infiltration and a higher expression of immune checkpoints with a more favorable immune cytolytic activity (CYT). We verified the predictive power of this signature with data from melanoma patients undergoing immunotherapy, and the predictive power was satisfactory. Gene mutations were closely related to the signature and prognosis. AURKA and PRKAA2 were revealed to be nodal hub FRGs in the signature, and both were shown to have significantly different expressions between the INSS stage IV and other stages after immunohistochemical validation. With single-cell RNA-seq analysis, we found that genes related to T cells were enriched in TNFA signaling and interferon-γ hallmark. In conclusion, we constructed a ferroptosis-related gene signature that can predict the outcomes and work in evaluating the effects of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajian Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengju Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjuan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fantong Xia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zi’an Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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13
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Wen GM, Xu XY, Xia P. Metabolism in Cancer Stem Cells: Targets for Clinical Treatment. Cells 2022; 11:3790. [PMID: 36497050 PMCID: PMC9736883 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have high tumorigenicity, high metastasis and high resistance to treatment. They are the key factors for the growth, metastasis and drug resistance of malignant tumors, and are also the important reason for the occurrence and recurrence of tumors. Metabolic reprogramming refers to the metabolic changes that occur when tumor cells provide sufficient energy and nutrients for themselves. Metabolic reprogramming plays an important role in regulating the growth and activity of cancer cells and cancer stem cells. In addition, the immune cells or stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) will change due to the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. Summarizing the characteristics and molecular mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming of cancer stem cells will provide new ideas for the comprehensive treatment of malignant tumors. In this review, we summarized the changes of the main metabolic pathways in cancer cells and cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Min Wen
- Department of Basic Nursing, College of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Pu Xia
- Biological Anthropology Institute, College of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
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14
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Etoposide in combination with erastin synergistically altered iron homeostasis and induced ferroptotic cell death through regulating IREB2/FPN1 expression in estrogen receptor positive-breast cancer cells. Life Sci 2022; 312:121222. [PMID: 36442526 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death mechanism that substantially differs from apoptosis. Since its mechanism involves increased oxidative stress and rich iron content, cancer cells are particularly vulnerable to ferroptotic death compared to healthy tissues. In the present study, the effect of etoposide in combination with a ferroptotic agent, erastin, was investigated in breast cancer. MAIN METHODS Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay. Oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase activity were detected using the relevant kits. Intracellular iron levels were measured by HPLC. Ferroptosis markers were explored by western blotting. KEY FINDINGS Results demonstrated that although etoposide didn't induce a significant cell death up to 50 μM in MCF-7 cells, with the addition of erastin, a significant synergistic activity was achieved at a dose as low as 1 μM (p < 0.05), contrary to normal breast epithelial cells. This cytotoxic effect was blocked by ferrostatin-1, which is a specific inhibitor of ferroptosis. The combined treatment of etoposide and erastin synergistically induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, while suppressing glutathione peroxidase activity. More importantly, the combination treatment synergistically increased iron accumulation, which was associated with altered expression of IREB2/FPN1. Additionally, ferroptosis-regulating proteins ACSF2 and GPX4 were altered more potently by the combination treatment, compared to untreated cells and erastin treatment alone (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, this is the first study that reports enhanced cytotoxicity of etoposide, in combination with erastin, in ER-positive breast cancer cells via activation of ferroptotic pathways, and offers a new perspective for future regimens.
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15
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Chen Y, Li Z, Cao Q, Guan H, Mao L, Zhao M. Ferroptosis-related gene signatures in neuroblastoma associated with prognosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:871512. [PMID: 36147739 PMCID: PMC9486025 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.871512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ferroptosis, a form of regulatory cell death, has been linked to the development of various tumors. Peripheral neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common extracranial solid tumors in children, and it has been proposed that regulating tumor cell ferroptosis may be a future treatment for NB. However, it is unclear how ferroptosis contributes to NB development. Methods: Expression data were collected from two independent cohorts (GEO and Arrayexpress databases). Univariate Cox analysis, multivariate Cox analysis, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) algorithm were applied to create a prognostic signature, whose performance was quantified using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Kaplan–Meier curves. A prognostic meta-analysis was used to test the suitability and stability of the FRG signature. Drug sensitivity analyses were performed using the data collected from Cell Miner™. Results:PROM2, AURKA, STEAP3, CD44, ULK2, MAP1LC3A, ATP6V1G2, and STAT3 are among the eight genes in the FRG prognostic signature, all of which were highly expressed in stage 1 NB, except AURKA. Furthermore, the high-risk group, which was stratified by signature, had a lower overall survival rate than the low-risk group. GSEA revealed that high-risk groups have more biological processes related to ferroptosis. Conclusion: Ferroptosis-related genes are expressed differently between stages 1 and 4 NB. The FRG signature successfully stratified NB patients into two risk groups and can accurately predict the overall survival in NB. In addition, we found that the gene AURKA might have the potential to be a prognostic marker in NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingtai Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haoyu Guan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Longfei Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Longfei Mao, ; Mingyi Zhao,
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Longfei Mao, ; Mingyi Zhao,
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16
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Zhou R, Chen Y, Li S, Wei X, Hu W, Tang S, Ding J, Fu W, Zhang H, Chen F, Hao W, Lin Y, Zhu R, Wang K, Dong L, Zhao Y, Feng X, Chen F, Ding C, Hu W. TRPM7 channel inhibition attenuates rheumatoid arthritis articular chondrocyte ferroptosis by suppression of the PKCα-NOX4 axis. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102411. [PMID: 35917680 PMCID: PMC9344030 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A role for ferroptosis in articular cartilage destruction associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has not been identified. We previously reported transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) expression was correlated with RA cartilage destruction. Herein, we further characterized a role for TRPM7 in chondrocyte ferroptosis. The expression of TRPM7 was found to be elevated in articular chondrocytes derived from adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats, human RA patients, and cultured chondrocytes treated with the ferroptosis inducer, erastin. TRPM7 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition protected primary rat articular chondrocytes and human chondrocytes (C28/I2 cells) from ferroptosis. Moreover, TRPM7 channel activity was demonstrated to contribute to chondrocyte ferroptosis by elevation of intracellular Ca2+. Mechanistically, the PKCα-NOX4 axis was found to respond to stimulation with erastin, which resulted in TRPM7-mediated chondrocyte ferroptosis. Meanwhile, PKCα was shown to directly bind to NOX4, which could be reduced by TRPM7 channel inhibition. Adeno-associated virus 9-mediated TRPM7 silencing or TRPM7 blockade with 2-APB alleviated articular cartilage destruction in AA rats and inhibited chondrocyte ferroptosis. Collectively, both genetic and pharmacological inhibitions of TRPM7 attenuated articular cartilage damage and chondrocyte ferroptosis via the PKCα-NOX4 axis, suggesting that TRPM7-mediated chondrocyte ferroptosis is a promising target for the prevention and treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renpeng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Shufang Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xin Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, PR China
| | - Weirong Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Su'an Tang
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Wanjin Fu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wenjuan Hao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Rendi Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ke Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaowen Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Feihu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Changhai Ding
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China.
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17
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Hormesis and Oxidative Distress: Pathophysiology of Reactive Oxygen Species and the Open Question of Antioxidant Modulation and Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081613. [PMID: 36009331 PMCID: PMC9405171 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of redox homeostasis leads to a condition of resilience known as hormesis that is due to the activation of redox-sensitive pathways stimulating cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, and angiogenesis. Instead, supraphysiological production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds antioxidant defence and leads to oxidative distress. This condition induces damage to biomolecules and is responsible or co-responsible for the onset of several chronic pathologies. Thus, a dietary antioxidant supplementation has been proposed in order to prevent aging, cardiovascular and degenerative diseases as well as carcinogenesis. However, this approach has failed to demonstrate efficacy, often leading to harmful side effects, in particular in patients affected by cancer. In this latter case, an approach based on endogenous antioxidant depletion, leading to ROS overproduction, has shown an interesting potential for enhancing susceptibility of patients to anticancer therapies. Therefore, a deep investigation of molecular pathways involved in redox balance is crucial in order to identify new molecular targets useful for the development of more effective therapeutic approaches. The review herein provides an overview of the pathophysiological role of ROS and focuses the attention on positive and negative aspects of antioxidant modulation with the intent to find new insights for a successful clinical application.
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Monteleone L, Marengo B, Musumeci F, Grossi G, Carbone A, Valenti GE, Domenicotti C, Schenone S. Anti-Survival Effect of SI306 and Its Derivatives on Human Glioblastoma Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071399. [PMID: 35890294 PMCID: PMC9318396 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common adult brain tumor and, although many efforts have been made to find valid therapies, the onset of resistance is the main cause of recurrence. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and target the molecular mediators responsible for GBM malignancy. In this context, the use of Src inhibitors such as SI306 (C1) and its prodrug (C2) showed promising results, suggesting that SI306 could be the lead compound useful to derivate new anti-GBM drugs. Therefore, a new prodrug of SI306 (C3) was synthesized and tested on CAS-1 and U87 human GBM cells by comparing its effect to that of C1 and C2. All compounds were more effective on CAS-1 than U87 cells, while C2 was the most active on both cell lines. Moreover, the anti-survival effect was associated with a reduction in the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)WT and EGFR-vIII in U87 and CAS-1 cells, respectively. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that all tested compounds are able to counteract GBM survival, further supporting the role of SI306 as progenitor of promising new drugs to treat malignant GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Monteleone
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.M.); (B.M.); (G.E.V.)
| | - Barbara Marengo
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.M.); (B.M.); (G.E.V.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (G.G.); (A.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Giancarlo Grossi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (G.G.); (A.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Anna Carbone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (G.G.); (A.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Giulia E. Valenti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.M.); (B.M.); (G.E.V.)
| | - Cinzia Domenicotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.M.); (B.M.); (G.E.V.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-353-8830
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (G.G.); (A.C.); (S.S.)
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Valenti GE, Alfei S, Caviglia D, Domenicotti C, Marengo B. Antimicrobial Peptides and Cationic Nanoparticles: A Broad-Spectrum Weapon to Fight Multi-Drug Resistance Not Only in Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116108. [PMID: 35682787 PMCID: PMC9181033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, antibiotic resistance and, analogously, anticancer drug resistance have increased considerably, becoming one of the main public health problems. For this reason, it is crucial to find therapeutic strategies able to counteract the onset of multi-drug resistance (MDR). In this review, a critical overview of the innovative tools available today to fight MDR is reported. In this direction, the use of membrane-disruptive peptides/peptidomimetics (MDPs), such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), has received particular attention, due to their high selectivity and to their limited side effects. Moreover, similarities between bacteria and cancer cells are herein reported and the hypothesis of the possible use of AMPs also in anticancer therapies is discussed. However, it is important to take into account the limitations that could negatively impact clinical application and, in particular, the need for an efficient delivery system. In this regard, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) is proposed as a potential strategy to improve therapy; moreover, among polymeric NPs, cationic ones are emerging as promising tools able to fight the onset of MDR both in bacteria and in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia E. Valenti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.E.V.); (B.M.)
| | - Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Debora Caviglia
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Domenicotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.E.V.); (B.M.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-353-8830
| | - Barbara Marengo
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.E.V.); (B.M.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
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Paradox Role of Oxidative Stress in Cancer: State of the Art. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11051027. [PMID: 35624891 PMCID: PMC9138152 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11051027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Liu J, Li X, Cheng Y, Liu K, Zou H, You Z. Identification of potential ferroptosis-related biomarkers and a pharmacological compound in diabetic retinopathy based on machine learning and molecular docking. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:988506. [PMID: 36506045 PMCID: PMC9729554 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.988506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a neurovascular disease, is a leading cause of visual loss worldwide and severely affects quality of life. Several studies have shown that ferroptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DR; however, its molecule mechanism remains incompletely elucidated. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of ferroptosis and explore potential ferroptosis-related gene biomarkers and a pharmacological compound for treating DR. METHODS Ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the GSE102485 dataset. Functional enrichment analyses were then performed and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to screen candidates of ferroptosis-related hub genes (FRHGs). FRHGs were further screened based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and random forest algorithms, and were then validated with the GSE60436 dataset and previous studies. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve monofactor analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the FRHGs, and immune infiltration analysis was performed. Moreover, the pharmacological compound targeting the FRHGs were verified by molecular docking. Finally, the FRHGs were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. RESULTS The 40 ferroptosis-related DEGs were extracted, and functional enrichment analyses mainly implicated apoptotic signaling, response to oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and lipid and atherosclerosis pathways. By integrating the PPI, LASSO regression, and random forest analyses to screen the FRHGs, and through validation, we identified five FRHGs that performed well in the diagnosis (CAV1, CD44, NOX4, TLR4, and TP53). Immune infiltration analysis revealed that immune microenvironment changes in DR patients may be related to these five FRHGs. Molecular docking also showed that glutathione strongly bound the CAV1 and TLR4 proteins. Finally, the upregulated expression of FRHGs (CD44, NOX4, TLR4, and TP53) was validated by qRT-PCR analysis in human retinal capillary endothelial cells cultured under high-glucose environment. CONCLUSIONS CAV1, CD44, NOX4, TLR4, and TP53 are potential biomarkers for DR and may be involved in its occurrence and progression by regulating ferroptosis and the immune microenvironment. Further, glutathione exhibits potential therapeutic efficacy on DR by targeting ferroptosis. Our study provides new insights into the ferroptosis-related pathogenesis of DR, as well as its diagnosis and treatment.
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Dahlmanns M, Yakubov E, Dahlmanns JK. Genetic Profiles of Ferroptosis in Malignant Brain Tumors and Off-Target Effects of Ferroptosis Induction. Front Oncol 2021; 11:783067. [PMID: 34926298 PMCID: PMC8671613 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.783067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma represents the most devastating form of human brain cancer, associated with a very poor survival rate of patients. Unfortunately, treatment options are currently limited and the gold standard pharmacological treatment with the chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide only slightly increases the survival rate. Experimental studies have shown that the efficiency of temozolomide can be improved by inducing ferroptosis – a recently discovered form of cell death, which is different from apoptosis, necrosis, or necroptosis and, which is characterized by lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species accumulation. Ferroptosis can also be activated to improve treatment of malignant stages of neuroblastoma, meningioma, and glioma. Due to their role in cancer treatment, ferroptosis-gene signatures have recently been evaluated for their ability to predict survival of patients. Despite positive effects during chemotherapy, the drugs used to induce ferroptosis – such as erastin and sorafenib – as well as genetic manipulation of key players in ferroptosis – such as the cystine-glutamate exchanger xCT and the glutathione peroxidase GPx4 – also impact neuronal function and cognitive capabilities. In this review, we give an update on ferroptosis in different brain tumors and summarize the impact of ferroptosis on healthy tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Dahlmanns
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eduard Yakubov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
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Blanco-Luquin I, Lázcoz P, Celay J, Castresana JS, Encío IJ. In Vitro Assessment of the Role of p53 on Chemotherapy Treatments in Neuroblastoma Cell Lines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111184. [PMID: 34832966 PMCID: PMC8624165 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most frequent malignant extracranial solid tumor of infancy. The overall objective of this work consists of determining the presence of alterations in the p53/MDM2/p14ARF signaling pathway in neuroblastoma cell lines and deciphering their possible relationship with resistance to known antineoplastic drugs and to differentiation agents. Firstly, we characterized 10 neuroblastoma cell lines for alterations at the p53/MDM2/p14ARF signaling pathway by analysis of TP53 point mutations, MYCN and MDM2 amplification, and p14ARF methylation, homozygous deletions, and expression. Secondly, we chose SK-N-FI (mutated at TP53) and SK-N-Be(2) (wild-type TP53) cell lines, treated them with chemotherapeutic agents (doxorubicin, etoposide, cisplatin, and melphalan) and with two isomers of retinoic acid (RA): (9-cis and all-trans). Finally, we analyzed the distribution of the cell cycle, the induction of apoptosis, and the expression levels of p53, p21, and Bcl-2 in those two cell lines. P14ARF did not present promoter methylation, homozygous deletions, and protein expression in any of the 10 neuroblastoma cell lines. One TP53 point mutation was detected in the SK-N-FI cell line. MYCN amplification was frequent, while most cell lines did not present MDM2 amplification. Treatment of SK-N-FI and SK-N-Be(2) cells with doxorubicin, etoposide, cisplatin, and melphalan increased apoptosis and blocked the cycle in G2/M, while retinoic acid isomers induced apoptosis and decreased the percentage of cells in S phase in TP53 mutated SK-N-FI cells, but not in TP53 wild-type SK-N-Be(2) cells. Treatment with cisplatin, melphalan, or 9-cis RA decreased p53 expression levels in SK-N-FI cells but not in SK-N-Be (2). The expression of p21 was not modified in either of the two cell lines. Bcl-2 levels were reduced only in SK-N-FI cells after treatment with cisplatin. However, treatments with doxorubicin, etoposide, or 9-cis-RA did not modify the levels of this protein in either of the two cell lines. In conclusion, TP53 mutated SK-N-FI cells respond better to the retinoic isomers than TP53 wild-type SK-N-Be(2) cells. Although these are in vitro results, it seems that deciphering the molecular alterations of the p53/MDM2/p14ARF signaling pathway prior to treating patients of neuroblastoma might be useful for standardizing therapies with the aim of improving survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Blanco-Luquin
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (P.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Paula Lázcoz
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (P.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Jon Celay
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (P.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Javier S. Castresana
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.S.C.); (I.J.E.)
| | - Ignacio J. Encío
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (P.L.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.C.); (I.J.E.)
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Zheng YW, Miao XY, Xiong L, Chen B, Kong FH, Zhou JJ, Liu ZT, Wen Y, Zhang ZJ, Zou H. Sulfasalazine Sensitizes Polyhematoporphyrin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in Cholangiocarcinoma by Targeting xCT. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:723488. [PMID: 34483935 PMCID: PMC8414975 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.723488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), which is highly malignant, shows a relatively poor prognosis, due to the insensitivity of the tumour to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become a promising palliative therapeutic option for patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), while the functional amount of ROS is limited by intracellular redox systemen. Sulfasalazine (SASP), a well-known anti-inflammatory agent, which also acts as an inhibitor of the amino acid transport system xc (xCT), decreases the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level, thus weakening the antioxidant defence of the cell by inhibition of the antiporter. However, the combination of SASP and PDT remains unexplored. We have reported that polyhematoporphyrin (PHP)-mediated PDT inhibits the cell viability of CCA cells and organoids. Furthermore, in PHP-enriched HCCC-9810 and TFK-1CCA cells, SASP enhances the sensitivity to PHP-mediated PDT through a GSH-dependent mechanism. We found that PHP-PDT can up-regulate xCT expression to promote cells against overloaded ROS, while SASP reduces GSH levels. After the combination of SASP and PHP-PDT, cell viability and GSH levels were significantly inhibited. xCT was also observed to be inhibited by SASP in human organoid samples. Our findings suggest that, in combination with PDT, SASP has potential as a promising approach against CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Wen Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiong-Ying Miao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fan-Hua Kong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang-Jiao Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zi-Jian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Heng Zou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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