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Orisakwe OE, Ikpeama EU, Orish CN, Ezejiofor AN, Okolo KO, Cirovic A, Cirovic A, Nwaogazie IL, Onoyima CS. Prosopis africana exerts neuroprotective activity against quaternary metal mixture-induced memory impairment mediated by oxido-inflammatory response via Nrf2 pathway. AIMS Neurosci 2024; 11:118-143. [PMID: 38988888 PMCID: PMC11230863 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2024008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of Prosopis africana (PA) on human health have been demonstrated; however, its protective effects against heavy metals (HM) are not yet understood. This study evaluated the potential neuroprotective effects of PA in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. To accomplish this, we divided 35 albino Sprague Dawley rats into five groups. Group I did not receive either heavy metal mixture (HMM) or PA. Group II received a HMM of PbCl2 (20 mg/kg), CdCl2 (1.61 mg/kg), HgCl2 (0.40 mg/kg), and NaAsO3 (10 mg/kg) orally for a period of two months. Groups III, IV, and V received HMM along with PA at doses of 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg, respectively. PA caused decreased levels of HM accumulation in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum and improved performance in the Barnes maze and rotarod tests. PA significantly reduced levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. PA increased concentrations of SOD, CAT, GSH, and Hmox-1 and decreased the activities of AChE and Nrf2. In addition, levels of MDA and NO decreased in groups III, IV, and V, along with an increase in the number of live neurons. In conclusion, PA demonstrates a complex neuroprotective effect with the potential to alleviate various aspects of HM-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orish E Orisakwe
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
- Advanced Research Centre, European University of Lefke, Lefke, Northern Cyprus, TR-10 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Evelyn Utomoibor Ikpeama
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Oilfield Chemicals Research (ACE-CEFOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Chinna N Orish
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Anthonet N Ezejiofor
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Kenneth O Okolo
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Enugu State, University of Science & Technology, Nigeria
| | - Aleksandar Cirovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Cirovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ify L Nwaogazie
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Oilfield Chemicals Research (ACE-CEFOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Chinekwu Samson Onoyima
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Álvarez SA, Rocha-Guzmán NE, Sánchez-Burgos JA, Gallegos-Infante JA, Moreno-Jiménez MR, González-Laredo RF, Solís-González S. Analysis of Antioxidant Constituents of Filtering Infusions from Oak ( Quercus sideroxyla Bonpl. and Quercus eduardii Trel.) and Yerbaniz ( Tagetes lucida (Sweet) Voss) as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:5167. [PMID: 37446829 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant constituents of ancestral products with ethnobotanical backgrounds are candidates for the study of filtering infusions to aid in pharmacotherapies focused on the treatment of depression and anxiety. Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is an enzyme that regulates the metabolic breakdown of serotonin and noradrenaline in the nervous system. The goal of this study was to evaluate in vitro and in silico the effect of antioxidant constituents of filtering infusions from yerbaniz (Tagetes lucida (Sweet) Voss) and oak (Quercus sideroxyla Bonpl. and Quercus eduardii Trel.) as monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Materials were dried, ground, and mixed according to a simplex-centroid mixture design for obtaining infusions. Differential analysis of the phenolic constituent's ratio in the different infusions indicates that among the main compounds contributing to MAO-A inhibition are the gallic, chlorogenic, quinic, and shikimic acids, quercetin glucuronide and some glycosylated derivatives of ellagic acid and ellagic acid methyl ether. Infusions of Q. sideroxyla Bonpl. leaves, because of their content (99.45 ± 5.17 µg/mg) and synergy between these constituents for MAO-A inhibition (52.82 ± 3.20%), have the potential to treat depression and anxiety. Therefore, future studies with pharmacological approaches are needed to validate them as therapeutic agents with applications in mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Alberto Álvarez
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Durango 34080, Dgo., Mexico
| | - Nuria Elizabeth Rocha-Guzmán
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Durango 34080, Dgo., Mexico
| | - Jorge Alberto Sánchez-Burgos
- Postgraduate Program in Food Sciences, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Avenida Tecnológico, Número 2595, Colonia Lagos del Country, Tepic 63175, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Gallegos-Infante
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Durango 34080, Dgo., Mexico
| | - Martha Rocío Moreno-Jiménez
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Durango 34080, Dgo., Mexico
| | - Rubén Francisco González-Laredo
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Durango 34080, Dgo., Mexico
| | - Santiago Solís-González
- TecNM/I.T. El Salto, Calle Tecnológico # 101, Col. La Forestal, El Salto 34942, P.N. Durango, Mexico
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Salem GEM, Azzam SM, Nasser MA, Malah TE, Abd El-Latief HM, Chavanich S, Khan RH, Anwar HM. Bacterial protease alleviate chronic liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide through suppression of hepatic stellate cells consequently decrease its proliferative index. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124243. [PMID: 37011746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
In chronic liver diseases, liver fibrosis occurs due to excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) protein accumulation. Approximately 2 million deaths occur yearly due to liver disease, while cirrhosis is the 11th most common cause of death. Therefore, newer compounds or biomolecules must be synthesized to treat chronic liver diseases. In this aspect, the present study focuses on the assessment of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant impact of Bacterial Protease (BP) produced by a new mutant strain of bacteria (Bacillus cereus S6-3/UM90) and 4,4'-(2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-phenylene) bis (1-(3-ethoxy phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole) (DPET) in the treatment of early stage of liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA). Sixty male rats were divided into six groups, ten rats each as follows: (1) Control group, (2) BP group, (3) TAA group, (4) TAA-Silymarin (S) group, (5) TAA-BP group, and (6) TAA-DPET group. Liver fibrosis significantly elevated liver function ALT, AST, and ALP, as well as anti-inflammatory interleukin 6 (IL-6) and VEGF. The oxidative stress parameters (MDA, SOD, and NO) were significantly increased with a marked reduction in GSH. Expression of MAPK and MCP-1 was unregulated in the TAA group, with downregulation of Nrf2 was observed. TAA caused histopathological alterations associated with hepatic vacuolation and fibrosis, increasing collagen fibers and high immuno-expression of VEGF. On the other hand, treatment with BP successfully improved the severe effects of TAA on the liver and restored histological architecture. Our study concluded the protective potentials of BP for attenuating liver fibrosis and could be used as adjuvant therapy for treating hepatic fibrosis.
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Nafea M, Elharoun M, Abd-Alhaseeb MM, Helmy MW. Leflunomide abrogates neuroinflammatory changes in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease: the role of TNF-α/NF-κB/IL-1β axis inhibition. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:485-498. [PMID: 36385687 PMCID: PMC9898334 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases and is associated with disrupted cognition and behavior. Neuroinflammatory pathogenesis is the main component that contributes to AD initiation and progression through microglial activation and neuronal damage. Thus, targeting inflammatory pathways may help manage AD. In this study, for the first time, the potential prophylactic and therapeutic effects of leflunomide were investigated either alone or in combination with rivastigmine in aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced AD-like rats using behavioral, biochemical, and histological approaches. Thirty-six adult male albino rats were divided into two protocols: the treatment protocol, subdivided into five groups (n = 6)-(1) control group, (2) AlCl3 (50, 70, 100 mg/kg/I.P) group, (3) reference group (rivastigmine 2 mg/kg/P.O.), (4) experimental group (leflunomide 10 mg/kg/P.O.), and (5) combination group (rivastigmine + leflunomide); and the prophylactic protocol (leflunomide 10 mg/kg/P.O.), which started 2 weeks before AlCl3 induction. The results showed that AlCl3 disrupted learning and memory parameters in rats and increased amyloid-β plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangle aggregation. Moreover, AlCl3 administration markedly elevated acetylcholinesterase activity, nuclear factor-kappa β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1 beta, and marked degenerative changes in the pyramidal neurons. However, administration of leflunomide alone or with rivastigmine in AlCl3-induced AD rats restored most of the behavioral, biochemical, and histological parameters triggered by AlCl3 in rats. Our findings suggest that leflunomide can potentially restore most of the neuronal damage in the hippocampal tissues of AlCl3-induced AD rats. However, these preclinical findings still need to be confirmed in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menna Nafea
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mona Elharoun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Bahira, Egypt
| | | | - Maged Wasfy Helmy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Bahira, Egypt.
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Azzam SM, Abdel Rahman AAS, Ahmed-Farid OA, Abu El-Wafa WM, Salem GEM. Lipopolysaccharide induced neuroprotective effects of bacterial protease against Alzheimer's disease in male Wistar albino rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123260. [PMID: 36642360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly severe neurodegenerative condition that affects the hippocampus and is characterized by memory loss and dementia. This investigation aims to determine the potential of a bacterial protease enzyme produced by a new mutant strain of bacteria (Bacillus cereus S6-3/UM90) to influence the rat behavioural, biochemical, histological, and immuno-histochemical functions induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) experimentally. The administration of LPS exhibited a decline in memory performance via Morris' Water Maze test along with an elevation of IL-6, IL-17, amino acid neurotransmitters, Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and 8-OHdG, whereas a decrease in ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), monoamine transmitters, AChE (acetylcholinesterase) and PC (phosphatidylcholine). Additionally, there was a notable increase in GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and p-Tau protein immuno-expression levels along with obvious histological lesions in the hippocampal CA3 region. Moreover, the administration of protease or Donepezil restored the measured parameters to nearly normal levels and improved the histological architecture of the hippocampus and ameliorated memory impairments. In conclusion, the study provides evidence that the treatment with Bacterial protease can improve the memory and learning impairments of LPS-induced AD and may be used as a promising therapeutic agent to manage AD since it has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M Azzam
- Department of Biochemistry, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Formerly National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Amina A S Abdel Rahman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Asmaa Fahmy Street, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar A Ahmed-Farid
- Department of Animal Physiology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Formerly National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Wael Mohamed Abu El-Wafa
- Department of Microbiology, General Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Formerly National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Gad Elsayed Mohamed Salem
- Department of Microbiology, General Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Formerly National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt; Reef Biology Research Group, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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Alaqeel NK, AlSheikh MH, Al-Hariri MT. Quercetin Nanoemulsion Ameliorates Neuronal Dysfunction in Experimental Alzheimer's Disease Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1986. [PMID: 36290710 PMCID: PMC9598210 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum is the most abundant metal that can get admission to the human through several means that include our food, drinking water, cans, drugs, and deodorants, causing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study aims to evaluate the role of quercetin nanoemulsion (QCNE) in attenuating neuronal dysfunction in aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced experimental AD. All animals were classified into six groups including negative control group (I): received a vehicle; QC group: received intraperitoneal (IP) injection of QC; Alzheimer's group: received AlCl3 orally; treated group (I): received AlCl3 orally and IP injection of QC; treated group (II): received AlCl3 orally and QC orally; and treated group (III): received AlCl3 orally and IP injection of QCNE. At the end of the experimental period (30 days), the brain was used to study biochemical parameters (measurement of neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine), oxidant/antioxidant parameters (reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and advanced oxidation protein product), and inflammatory markers (adiponectin, interleukin 1β, and plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha)), while another part was for brain immune-histochemical analysis (study cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2)). Results showed that the mean value of oxidative stress markers was significantly increased in the AD group as well as the inflammatory biomarkers and all the study neurotransmitters, whereas these parameters were attenuated in treated groups, especially those that received QCNE. The immunohistochemistry findings confirm our results. Both approaches (QC and QCNE) succeeded in retracting the negative impact of AlCl3. Meanwhile, the effect of QCNE is more potent in mitigating the impact mediated by AlCl3 in treated animals. In conclusion, the treatment mainly by QCNE has huge potential in protecting against AlCl3-induced neuronal dysfunction, as shown in our results by the elevation of brain antioxidant/anti-inflammatory activities and neurotransmitter levels as well as mending of the histopathological changes in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf K. Alaqeel
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona H. AlSheikh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34719, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed T. Al-Hariri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34719, Saudi Arabia
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Li J, Bi H. Integrated Strategy of Network Pharmacology and in vitro Screening to Identify Mechanism of Diazinon-induced Hippocampal Neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 2022; 92:122-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Attia HG, Albarqi HA, Said IG, Alqahtani O, Raey MAEI. Synergistic Effect between Amoxicillin and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Reduced by Oak Gall Extract against Helicobacter pylori. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144559. [PMID: 35889432 PMCID: PMC9320066 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a global health threat, and the World Health Organization has included H. pylori among 12 bacterial species that require high priority future strategies for the development of new antibiotics due mainly to its high rates of resistance. Metallic nanoparticles are known for their antimicrobial properties. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has approved zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) as biocompatible antimicrobials. Green synthesis of ZnONPs was performed based on Oak galls extract (OGE) and was characterized by UV, IR, DLS, TEM, and SEM measurements. In addition, LC-MS/MS was used for the identification of OGE constituents. A checkerboard assay was used to evaluate the activity of synthesized Qi-ZnONPs and OGE against H. pylori, and their synergistic effects with amoxicillin were evaluated. LC-MS/MS analyses identified 20 compounds as major gallic acid conjugates. The ZnONPs had average particle sizes of 5.5 nm (DLS) and 7.99 nm (TEM). Both OGE and Qi-ZnONPs exhibited moderate activity against H. pylori. Amoxicillin and Qi-ZnONPs combinations (1:2 and 1:4 amoxicillin:/Qi-ZnONPs) significantly decreased the MIC90 by two-fold and four-fold, respectively, and FIC values for the combinations were more significant than with OGE alone. OGE is rich in phenolics. The synergism between Qi-ZnONPs and amoxicillin can provide an alternative safe agent of low cost to combat H. Pylori infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany G. Attia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (H.G.A.); (M.A.E.R.)
| | - Hassan A. Albarqi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ismail G. Said
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt;
| | - Omaish Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed A. EI Raey
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.G.A.); (M.A.E.R.)
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Makhdoomi S, Mahboobian MM, Haddadi R, Komaki A, Mohammadi M. Silibinin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) ameliorated cognitive deficits and oxidative damages in aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity in male mice. Toxicology 2022; 477:153260. [PMID: 35850386 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and its accumulation in the brain are associated with neurodegenerative disease. Recent investigations have illustrated that silibinin is known to have neuroprotective properties. The present study investigates the neuroprotective effects of silibinin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (Sili-NLCs) against AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity in male mice. Sili-NLCs were prepared using the emulsification-solvent evaporation method and subjected to particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency (% EE) analysis. Mice were treated with AlCl3 (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and with the same concentration of silibinin and Sili-NLCs (50,100, and 200 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 30 days in different groups. After treating animals, behavioral studies were assessed. Also, the brain tissue samples were collected from all mice to evaluate oxidative damage and histological changes. The particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency (% EE) of prepared Sili-NLCs found 239.7 ± 4.04 nm, 0.082 ± 0.003, - 16.33 ± 0.15 mV, and 72.65 ± 2.03 %, respectively. Brain uptake studies showed that Sili-NLCs had a 5.7-fold greater uptake in the mice brain than the free drug. The AlCl3 caused significant cognitive impairment and increased the level of lipid peroxidation accompanied by decreasing antioxidant enzyme activity in the brain tissue. These findings correlated well with the histopathological experiments. Furthermore, treatment with Sili-NLCs significantly improved the AlCl3-induced cognitive impairment, neurochemical anomalies, and histopathological changes. Given these results, silibinin, when delivered using NLCs, is potentially more effective than free silibinin in decreasing AlCl3- induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Makhdoomi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Mahboobian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rasool Haddadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Herbal Medicine and natural product Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Kemadjou Dibacto RE, Akamba Ambamba BD, Ella FA, Biyegue Nyangono CF, Kamga Nanhah JV, Fonkoua M, Minka RS, Ngondi JL. The neuroprotective effect of Xylopia parviflora against aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09896. [PMID: 35855984 PMCID: PMC9287802 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease, are progressive disorders which has been linked to oxidative imbalance and associated perturbations characterised by loss of memory, cognition and cholinergic deficit. To date, cholinesterase inhibition and neuroprotection are the two major strategies in drug development. Xylopia parviflora (Annonacea family) is a spice consumed in Cameroon and has been used in traditional medicine to treat various pains. In this study, X. parviflora was evaluated on behavioural studies, ion homeostasis, cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Rats were exposed to aluminium chloride (75 mg/kg) during 60 days, and were treated with the extract of X. parviflora (150 and 300 mg/kg BW) and two drugs references (Donepezil and Curcumin). Behavioural parameters were assessed using the Morris-Maze test and the Open Field, followed by biochemical investigations, namely, cholinesterase enzyme activity (AChE and BChE), oxidative stress (NO, MDA, GSH level, SOD and Catalase activities) and ion homeostasis (Mg2+ and Ca2+ levels). AlCl3 administration shows a decrease in learning and memory improvement during behavioural studies, significant alteration of the central cholinergic system characterised by an increase in AChE and BChE activities to 2.72 ± 0.002 mol/min/g and 5.74 ± 0.12 mol/min/g respectively, disturbance of ion homeostasis with an increase in Ca2+ level (25.68 ± 3.78 μmol/mg protein) and a decrease in Mg2+ level (15.97 ± 2.05 μmol/mg protein) and an increase in oxidative stress compared to the positive control group. Treatment with the different doses of X. parviflora increased memory and improved locomotion, improved cholinesterase activities, ion homeostasis and stabilized brain oxidative stress levels. The study suggests that X. parviflora could potentially be used for the management of some biochemical alterations associated with Alzheimer's disease. It could even be a good alternative to chemical drugs for neurotoxicity and memory enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Edwige Kemadjou Dibacto
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Fils Armand Ella
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Martin Fonkoua
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Réné Samuel Minka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Judith Laure Ngondi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Abstract
Background: Cancer is a dangerous threat that creates extremely high rates of death and morbidity in various regions of the world. Finding suitable therapeutics to improve cancer therapy while avoiding side effects is critical. The most appropriate innovative therapeutics, which combine natural ingredients and nanomaterials, can improve the biological activity of cancer chemotherapeutics. Methods: Phenolic profiling using high-resolution mass spectrometry and the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles was achieved through the reaction of zinc acetate with Euphorbia retusa extract. The characterization of ZnONPs was performed by UV, IR, Zeta potential, XRD, SEM, and TEM. The cytotoxic activity of the ZnONPs was evaluated using a SRB assay against lung, liver, and breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, the mechanism of cytotoxic activity was evaluated in the form of caspase-8 promoters and anti-inflammatory mechanisms using the Western blot method. Results: The high-resolution LC/MS/MS of the E. retusa led to the identification of 22 compounds in the plant for the first time. The Er-ZnONPs had hexagonal shapes, were approximately 100 nm in size, and consisted of aggregated particles of about 10 nm. The E. retusa ZnONPs exhibited cytotoxic activity against HA-549 (IC50 = 22.3 µg/mL), HepG2 (IC50 = 25.6), Huh-7 (IC50 = 25.7), MCF-7 (IC50 = 37.7), and MDA-MB-231 (IC50 = 37). Conclusions: E. retusa are rich in phenolics that are capable of synthesizing ZnONPs, which possess cytotoxic activity, via caspase-8 promotion and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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WIN55,212-2 Attenuates Cognitive Impairments in AlCl 3 + d-Galactose-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Rats by Enhancing Neurogenesis and Reversing Oxidative Stress. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091270. [PMID: 34572456 PMCID: PMC8465335 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmission and cognitive dysfunctions have been linked to old age disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aluminium is a known neurotoxic metal, whereas d-galactose (d-gal) has been established as a senescence agent. WIN55,212-2 (WIN), is a potent cannabinoid agonist which partially restores neurogenesis in aged rats. The current study aimed to explore the therapeutic potentials of WIN on Aluminium chloride (AlCl3) and d-gal-induced rat models with cognitive dysfunction. Healthy male albino Wistar rats weighing between 200–250 g were injected with d-gal 60 mg/kg intra peritoneally (i.p), while AlCl3 (200 mg/kg) was orally administered once daily for 10 consecutive weeks. Subsequently, from weeks 8–11 rats were co-administered with WIN (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg/day) and donepezil 1 mg/kg. The cognitive functions of the rats were assessed with a Morris water maze (MWM). Furthermore, oxidative stress biomarkers; malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and neurogenesis markers: Nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were also evaluated, as well as the histology of the hippocampus. The results revealed that rats exposed to AlCl3 and d-gal alone showed cognitive impairments and marked neuronal loss (p < 0.05) in their hippocampal conus ammonis 1 (CA1). Additionally, a significant decrease in the expressions of GFAP and Nestin was also observed, including increased levels of MDA and decreased levels of SOD and GSH. However, administration of WIN irrespective of the doses given reversed the cognitive impairments and the associated biochemical derangements. As there were increases in the levels SOD, GSH, Nestin and GFAP (p < 0.05), while a significant decrease in the levels of MDA was observed, besides attenuation of the aberrant cytoarchitecture of the rat’s hippocampi. The biochemical profiles of the WIN-treated rats were normal. Thus, these findings offer possible scientific evidence of WIN being an effective candidate in the treatment of AD-related cognitive deficits.
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