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Singh D, Sengar M, Gupta T, Singh S, Singh D, Mishra V, Dev R, Giri BS. Natural wax recovery from Musa acuminata biomass using organic solvents. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142919. [PMID: 39059639 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The main aim of this study is to experimentally investigate the yield of extraction and the presence of wax in the extracted yield from Musaacuminata (banana) biomass based on various functional groups that are present in natural wax. Extraction of natural wax from Musaacuminata (banana) biomass has been done by using the Soxhlet apparatus method in the presence of both polar (ethyl acetate and ethanol) and non-polar (toluene and hexane) solvents. The extracted yield has been found as 3.58% from hexane, 5.16% from toluene, 7.03% from ethyl acetate, and 10.26% from ethanol. The wax was also found in the extracted yield only in the case of nonpolar solvents (toluene and hexane). The novelty of this work is that Musaacuminata (banana) waste biomass has been utilized to recover the natural wax using nonpolar solvents and also compared with that of polar solvents to check the scope of wax extraction using polar solvents. Also, statistical analysis has been performed of the extracted yield using both solvents. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) methods have been used to determine the various hydrocarbon chains present in the extracted yield which is similar to that of natural wax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226021, India.
| | - Mukul Sengar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226021, India
| | - Tanya Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226021, India
| | - Sunita Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Ambekeshwar Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226201, India
| | - Deepak Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226021, India
| | - Vinay Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226021, India
| | - Rahul Dev
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh,211004, India
| | - Balendu Shekher Giri
- Sustainability Cluster, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India.
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Castañeda-Corral G, Cedillo-Cortezano M, Aviles-Flores M, López-Castillo M, Acevedo-Fernández JJ, Petricevich VL. Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Acetonic Extract from Bougainvillea x buttiana (var. Rose). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1037. [PMID: 39204142 PMCID: PMC11357402 DOI: 10.3390/ph17081037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background:Bougainvillea x buttiana is an ornamental plant with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities, which has been traditionally used to treat respiratory diseases. This study aimed to investigate whether the acetonic extract of Bougainvillea x buttiana var. Rose (BxbRAE-100%) has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties and its potential action mechanisms. Methods: Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using three murine pain models and two acute inflammation models. In vitro, the ability of the extract to inhibit proteolytic activity and the activities of the enzymes phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and cyclooxygenase (COX) were evaluated. In silico analysis was performed to predict the physicochemical and Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) profiles of the compounds previously identified in BxbRAE-100%. Results: In vivo BxbRAE-100% decreased the nociceptive behaviors in the writhing model, the tail immersion, and the formalin test, suggesting that the extract has the potential to relieve pain at peripheral and central levels. Additionally, topical or oral BxbRAE-100% treatment reduced dose-dependent 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear inflammation and carrageenan-induced paw edema, respectively. In vitro, BxbRAE-100% significantly inhibited proteolytic activity and PLA2, COX-1 and COX-2 activities. In silico, the compounds previously identified in BxbRAE-100% met Lipinski's rule of five and showed adequate ADME properties. Conclusions: These results support the use of B. x buttiana in Traditional Mexican Medicine and highlight its potential for the development of new treatments for pain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vera L. Petricevich
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Calle Iztaccihuatl Esq. Leñeros, Col. Volcanes, Cuernavaca 62350, Morelos, Mexico; (G.C.-C.); (M.C.-C.); (M.A.-F.); (M.L.-C.); (J.J.A.-F.)
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Phongsuwichetsak C, Suksrichavalit T, Chatupheeraphat C, Eiamphungporn W, Yainoy S, Yamkamon V. Diospyros rhodocalyx Kurz induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis via BAX, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 pathways in LNCaP human prostate cancer cell line. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17637. [PMID: 38966207 PMCID: PMC11223595 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the causes of death in men worldwide. Although treatment strategies have been developed, the recurrence of the disease and consequential side effects remain an essential concern. Diospyros rhodocalyx Kurz, a traditional Thai medicine, exhibits diverse therapeutic properties, including anti-cancer activity. However, its anti-cancer activity against prostate cancer has not been thoroughly explored. This study aims to evaluate the anti-cancer activity and underlying mechanisms of the ethyl acetate extract of D. rhodocalyx Kurz (EADR) related to apoptosis induction in the LNCaP human prostate cancer cell line. Methods Ethyl acetate was employed to extract the dried bark of D. rhodocalyx Kurz. The cytotoxicity of EADR on both LNCaP and WPMY-1 cells (normal human prostatic myofibroblast cell line) was evaluated using MTS assay. The effect of EADR on the cell cycle, apoptosis induction, and alteration in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed by the staining with propidium iodide (PI), Annexin V-FITC/PI, and JC-1 dye, respectively. Subsequent analysis was conducted using flow cytometry. The expression of cleaved caspase-3, BAX, and Bcl-2 was examined by Western blotting. The phytochemical profiling of the EADR was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results EADR exhibited a dose-dependent manner cytotoxic effect on LNCaP cells, with IC50 values of 15.43 and 12.35 µg/mL after 24 and 48 h, respectively. Although it also exhibited a cytotoxic effect on WPMY-1 cells, the effect was comparatively lower, with the IC50 values of 34.61 and 19.93 µg/mL after 24 and 48 h of exposure, respectively. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that EADR did not induce cell cycle arrest in either LNCaP or WPMY-1 cells. However, it significantly increased the sub-G1 population in LNCaP cells, indicating a potential induction of apoptosis. The Annexin V-FITC/PI staining indicated that EADR significantly induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells. Subsequent investigation into the underlying mechanism of EADR-induced apoptosis revealed a reduction in MMP as evidenced by JC-1 staining. Moreover, Western blotting demonstrated that EADR treatment resulted in the upregulation of BAX, downregulation of BCL-2, and elevation of caspase-3 cleavage in LNCaP cells. Notably, the epilupeol was a prominent compound in EADR as identified by GC-MS. Conclusion The EADR exhibits anti-cancer activity against the LNCaP human prostate cancer cell line by inducing cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Our findings suggest that EADR promotes apoptosis by upregulating pro-apoptotic BAX, whereas downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 results in the reduction of MMP and the activation of caspase-3. Of particular interest is the presence of epilupeol, a major compound identified in EADR, which may hold promise as a candidate for the development of therapeutic agents for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayisara Phongsuwichetsak
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Thummaruk Suksrichavalit
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Chatupheeraphat
- Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Information, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Warawan Eiamphungporn
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sakda Yainoy
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Vichanan Yamkamon
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Ornelas García IG, Guerrero Barrera AL, Avelar González FJ, Chávez Vela NA, Gutiérrez Montiel D. Bougainvillea glabra Choisy (Nyctinaginacea): review of phytochemistry and antimicrobial potential. Front Chem 2023; 11:1276514. [PMID: 37927559 PMCID: PMC10620508 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1276514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bougainvillea glabra or bougainvillea is a climbing plant native from South America belonging to the Nyctaginaceae family. The bougainvillea is recognized worldwide for its horticultural importance, due to the color of its bracts, commonly known as "flowers," made up of bracts, which are the striking parts, and the true flowers, which are white and small. Bougainvillea is widely known in traditional medicine to treat respiratory diseases such as cough, asthma, and bronchitis, gastrointestinal diseases, also for its antibacterial and insecticidal capacity. The antimicrobial potential of the involucre of this plant has not been studied, despite research showing a high phytochemical presence of secondary metabolites such as alkanes, phenols, terpenes, and betalains. This review compiles information about the traditional uses of B. glabra, its botanical description, ecological relevance, phytochemistry, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity, such as the toxicology of bracts and flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid G. Ornelas García
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes (UAA), Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Alma L. Guerrero Barrera
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes (UAA), Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Francisco J. Avelar González
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Laboratorio de Estudios Ambientales, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes (UAA), Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Norma A. Chávez Vela
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento Ingeniería Bioquímica, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Daniela Gutiérrez Montiel
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes (UAA), Aguascalientes, Mexico
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Ahmad Nejhad A, Alizadeh Behbahani B, Hojjati M, Vasiee A, Mehrnia MA. Identification of phytochemical, antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial potential of Calotropis procera leaf aqueous extract. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14716. [PMID: 37679486 PMCID: PMC10485245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the dawn of civilization, people have turned to plants as a safe and efficient form of treatment for a variety of diseases. It has long been known that Calotropis procera has the potential to treat a number of diseases. In this study, the C. procera leaf aqueous extract was obtained using the maceration method, and p-coumaric was found to be the main compound. The extract was rich in phenols (174.82 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and flavonoids (1781.7 µg quercetin equivalent/g). The extract had high antioxidant properties, as indicated by the IC50 values obtained for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (366.33 μg/mL) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) (169.04 μg/mL), as well as the ferric ions reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (1.67 μg ascorbic acid equivalent/g of the extract). The cytotoxicity of the extract was evaluated against the survival of HT 29 cells, and the IC50 was found to be 236.87 μg/mL. The most resistant and sensitive strains to the extract were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The morphological changes of these strains were demonstrated through scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The C. procera extract could be therefore used as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Ahmad Nejhad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
| | - Behrooz Alizadeh Behbahani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hojjati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
| | - Alireza Vasiee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Mehrnia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
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Nur S, Setiawan H, Hanafi M, Elya B. Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, in vitro and in silico studies of active compounds of Curculigo latifolia extracts as promising elastase inhibitor. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103716. [PMID: 37457237 PMCID: PMC10344807 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Curculigo latifolia is a plant in the Hypoxidaceae family commonly used in herbal medicine. The study objective was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-elastase properties of C. latifolia extracts in vitro and silico as a candidate for antiaging active ingredients. This study identified secondary metabolites of the hexane (HE), ethyl acetate (EAE), and ethanol extracts (EE) from the root (R), stem (S), and leaf (L) organs by LC-ESI-MS and evaluated in vitro antioxidant and inhibitor elastase activity. An antioxidant evaluation was performed using ABTS, Beta Carotene Bleaching (BCB), and Ferric Reduction Antioxidant Power (FRAP). Evaluation of anti-elastase was carried out using elastase and followed by an in silico study of molecular docking using the target protein elastase (1B0F). Fifteen C. latifolia metabolites were identified in C. latifolia extracts, most of which were phenolic compounds. In antioxidant testing, REE, REAE, SEE, and SEAE extracts showed potent antioxidant activity based on the ABTS, BCB, and FRAP methods. In anti-elastase testing, it was found that SEE, REE, REAE, and RHE extracts gave powerful inhibition of elastase activity (in the ranges of 16.89 to 27.91 µg/mL). The in-silico study demonstrated the potential of the identified metabolites to bind to the target protein 1B0F involved in remodeling the skin aging process. This research concludes that the extracts from C. latifolia have the potential to serve as an active antiaging source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syamsu Nur
- Department of Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Heri Setiawan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Hanafi
- Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Serpong 15314, Indonesia
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, South Jakarta 12640, Indonesia
| | - Berna Elya
- Department of Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
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Jalil Sarghaleh S, Alizadeh Behbahani B, Hojjati M, Vasiee A, Noshad M. Evaluation of the constituent compounds, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial potential of Prangos ferulacea plant extract and its effect on Listeria monocytogenes virulence gene expression. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1202228. [PMID: 37492261 PMCID: PMC10364450 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1202228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Prangos ferulacea plant is very popular in Iran due to its unique properties in treating diseases and its special flavor. To check the characteristics of this plant, first, its extract was extracted using the maceration method. Its chemical composition was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) that p-coumaric was identified as its main compound, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the presence of functional groups related to phenolic, flavonoid, tannins, and carboxylic acids such as caffeic acid and coumaric acid composition. Total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and beta-carotene were equal to 202.04 ± 5.46 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight, 1,909.46 ± 13 μg quercetin (QE)/g of dry weight, and 2.91 mg/100 g. The antioxidant property of the extract was evaluated using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP). According to the IC50 obtained for DDPH (274 ± 7.2 μg/mL) and ABTS (120.45 ± 9.6 μg/mL) and FRAP values [1.92 ± 0.05 μg ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g of extract], this extract had high antioxidant properties. Cytotoxicity was evaluated against the survival of HT 29 cells that IC50 was 82.15 ± 0.02 μg/mL. The antimicrobial property of the extract was calculated using disk diffusion agar (DDA), well diffusion agar (WDA), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Listeria monocytogenes has the highest sensitivity to this extract and inhibition zone based on DDA and WDA method and with an MIC and MBC equal to 16 and 128 mg/mL has the least resistance. The morphology change of L. monocytogenes strain was proved through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The extract caused a significant reduction in the transcription of genes involved in the film formation ability of L. monocytogenes. The obtained results fully prove the very practical and pragmatic characteristics of P. ferulacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Jalil Sarghaleh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
| | - Behrooz Alizadeh Behbahani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hojjati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
| | - Alireza Vasiee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Noshad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
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Antimalarial activity of the 80%methanol extract and solvent fractions of Cucumis ficifolius A. rich roots against Plasmodium berghei in mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13690. [PMID: 36852070 PMCID: PMC9958454 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance Malaria is still a known health threat, especially in parts of sub-Saharan Africa. It is one of the frequently mentioned issues with hospital admission and outpatient care in Ethiopia. Cucumis ficifolius A. Rich roots are historically used in Ethiopia to treat meningitis, inflammation, and malaria. However, the antimalarial activity of this plant has not been scientifically studied so far. Aim of the study This study aimed to determine the in vivo antimalarial activity of 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of the roots of Cucumis ficifolius against Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. Methods The in vivo antimalarial activity of the 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of Cucumis ficifolius A. Rich was evaluated by standard chemo suppressive, curative and repository tests using Plasmodium berghei (ANKA strain) in Swiss albino mice at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day. The level of parasitemia, survival time, variation in weight, rectal temperature, and packed cell volume of mice were determined to establish the activity of the extracts. Result The 80% methanol extract of Cucumis ficifolius A. Rich roots had a promising suppression of parasitemia at 400 mg/kg with a chemosuppression value of 65.21 ± 1.20%. Among the solvent fractions, the chloroform fraction showed the highest antimalarial activity in the four-day suppressive test with a chemosuppression value of 55.9 ± 0.28%, followed by the n-butanol (42.9 ± 0.24%), and aqueous (40.57 ± 0.52%) fractions at a dose of 400 mg/kg. The highest survival times were observed with crude extract (15.4 ± 0.24 days) at 400 mg/kg, and chloroform fraction (13.4 + 0.24 days), though all extracts increased survival time. Conclusion The findings of the present study collectively indicate the root extract of Cucumis ficifolius has a promising antiplasmodial activity which substantiates the traditional claim of the plant.
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Hassabo AG, Reda EM, Ghazal H, Othman HA. Synthesis of AgNPs and ZnONPs using Tea Leaves Extract and their Utilization to Improve Dyeability, Printability and Functionality of Cotton and Wool Fabrics. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Yirgu A, Mekonnen Y, Eyado A, Staropoli A, Vinale F. Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Constituents of Leaf Extracts of Englerina woodfordioides (Schweinf.) M. Gilbert. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00535-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Huang H, Ji H, Ju S, Lin W, Li J, Lv X, Lin L, Guo L, Qiu D, Yan J, Ma X. Pantranscriptome combined with phenotypic quantification reveals germplasm kinship and regulation network of bract color variation in Bougainvillea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1018846. [PMID: 36466294 PMCID: PMC9713818 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1018846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bracts are the metamorphic non-flower organ in angiosperm plants. The variation of the color and shape of bracts was found to be neo-functionalized (i.e., similar to petals), garnering research interest as a pollinator attractor. Bougainvillea is known for its specialized, large, and colorful bracts, which contrast with its tiny colorless flowers. As a plant whose bracts vary greatly in terms of coloration, the molecular mechanisms for Bougainvillea bract coloration and polychroism are largely unknown. The lack of genomic information for Bougainvillea largely hinders studies into the evolution and genetic basis of bract color variation. In this study, a pan-transcriptome of bracts obtained from 18 Bougainvillea glabra accessions was employed to investigate the global population-level germplasm kinship and the gene regulation network for bract color variation. Our results showed that the bracts of B. glabra accessions have largely differentiated International Commission on Illumination (CIE) L-a-b values. Moreover, germplasm kinship detected using principal component analysis, phylogeny, and admixture analysis showed three optimal subgroups, two of them distinctly clustered, which were not directly correlated with bract color variation at the population level. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between accessions of high vs. low L-a-b values revealed several considerable upregulated genes related to bract color L-a-b variation. A weighted gene co-expression network was constructed, and eight co-expressed regulation modules were identified that were highly correlated with variation in bract CIE L-a-b color values. Several candidate DEGs and co-expressed hub genes (e.g., GERD, SGR, ABCA3, GST, CYP76AD1, CYP76C, and JAZ) that were tightly associated with bract color variation were eventually determined responsible for L-a-b colorations, which might be the core regulation factors contributing to the B. glabra bract color variation. This study provides valuable insights into the research on germplasm kinship, population-level pan-transcriptome expression profiles, and the molecular basis of color variation of key innovative bracts in horticultural Bougainvillea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxing Huang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Yuanshan Institute of Bougainvillea in Longhai, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Ji
- Vegetable and Flower Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Song Ju
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Lin
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuanrui Lv
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lixian Lin
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lijin Guo
- International Magnesium Institute, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianyong Yan
- Yuanshan Institute of Bougainvillea in Longhai, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Xiaokai Ma
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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12
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Peng X, He X, Tang J, Xiang J, Deng J, Kan H, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Zhao P, Liu Y. Evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant and antitumor activity of extracts from Camellia fascicularis leaves. Front Chem 2022; 10:1035949. [PMID: 36385999 PMCID: PMC9659641 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1035949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Camellia fascicularis is a unique plant rich in bioactive components. However, the isolation of the active substances in C. fascicularis leaves via sequential extraction with solvents of different polarity and the determination of their antioxidant and antitumor activities have not been reported. In this study, the total methanol extract of C. fascicularis leaves was sequentially extracted with different polar solvents, and the corresponding petroleum ether extract (PEE), ethyl acetate extract (EAE), and water extract (WE) were analyzed for their contents in active substances such as flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, and saponins. The antioxidant ability of the polar extracts was investigated by determining their reducing power and the radical scavenging rate on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and hydroxyl radicals, and CCK-8 and Annexin-FITC/propidium iodide staining assays were conducted to investigate their inhibitory effects on HCCLM6 and HGC27 tumor cells. The results showed that PEE had a high saponin content of 197.35 ± 16.21 mg OAE/g, while EAE and WE exhibited a relatively higher polysaccharide content of 254.37 ± 1.99 and 373.27 ± 8.67 mg GE/g, respectively. The EAE demonstrated the greatest reducing power and the strongest clearing abilities on ABTS and DPPH radicals with respective EC50 values of 343.45 ± 20.12 and 14.07 ± 0.06 μg/ml. Moreover, the antitumor ability of the different polar extracts was dose-dependent, with WE showing the most potent inhibitory ability against HCCLM6 and HGC27 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuhua He
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Junrong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianying Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Jia Deng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Huan Kan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Forest Resources Exploitation and Utilization Engineering Research Center for Grand Health of Yunnan Provincial Universities, Kunming, China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Guiliang Zhang
- Hekou Management Sub-bureau of Yunnan Daweishan National Nature Reserve Management Bureau, Honghe, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Forest Resources Exploitation and Utilization Engineering Research Center for Grand Health of Yunnan Provincial Universities, Kunming, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Forest Resources Exploitation and Utilization Engineering Research Center for Grand Health of Yunnan Provincial Universities, Kunming, China
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Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, Cytoprotective and In Silico Study of Ethanolic Extracts of Bougainvillea × buttiana (Var. Orange and Rose). MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196555. [PMID: 36235092 PMCID: PMC9572359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bougainvillea × buttiana is a plant widely used in traditional Mexican medicine and other parts of the world for the treatment of various health disorders. In this study, the antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of three ethanolic extracts of B. × buttiana (BxbO (Orange), BxbR1 (Rose1) and BxbR2 (Rose2)) were investigated. Antioxidant activities were determined by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), DPPH free radicals scavenging activity, and radical scavenging effects on nitric oxide (NO). The in vitro cytoprotective effect of the extracts against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide-(H2O2) in a model of L929 cells was also determined as well as NO uptake with or without H2O2 through the MTT assay. The results revealed that there was a difference between the compounds present in each of the extracts, with the 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid compound being observed in all the extracts. The 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid compound was tested in silico to predict its biological (PASSonline) and toxicological (Osiris Property Explorer) activity. All extracts with 1 to 4 mg/mL inhibited the activity of the NO radical. In cells exposed to 1 mg/mL of extracts followed by H2O2 exposure, cell protection ranged from 66.96 to 83.46%. The treatment of the cells with extracts prevented the morphological changes caused by H2O2. The 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid compound showed a probability of in silico antioxidant and cytoprotective activity greater than 0.5 and 0.6, respectively. Therefore, the results demonstrated that Bxb extracts exert antioxidant and protective activities against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in L929 cells.
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Kenari RE, Razavi R. Encapsulation of bougainvillea ( Bougainvillea spectabilis) flower extract in Urtica dioica L. seed gum: Characterization, antioxidant/antimicrobial properties, and in vitro digestion. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:3436-3443. [PMID: 36249979 PMCID: PMC9548349 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bougainvillea spectabilis extract (BSE), a rich source of bioactive compounds like phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin, was used for encapsulation with Urtica dioica L. seed gum. The extract was obtained using shaking, bath, and probe ultrasound. The results showed that probe ultrasound extract was more efficient, as reflected by the higher value of total phenolic (4354.15 mg GAE/100 g FW), flavonoid (2431.25 mg CE/100 g FW), and anthocyanin content (106.57 mg CGE/100 g FW). BSE was encapsulated in U. dioica L. seed gum at 1:1 and 1:2 core to coating ratio. In both DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP assay, higher antioxidant activity was observed in the encapsulated extract than in the free extract. Encapsulated extracts exhibited 87.9 nm average diameter (polydispersity index below 0.23) and negative zeta potential. The average minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica was 112.5, 87.5, 112.5, and 87.5 μg/ml, respectively, while MIC of the free extract against S. aureus and E. coli was 150 and 125 μg/ml, respectively. The phenolic compounds are gradually released from the nanoparticles in the gastric and small intestine phase, whereas free extract released phenolic compounds quickly after entering the gastric phase. Considering antioxidant/antimicrobial activity and release properties, nanoparticles with a 1:1 ratio of core to coating had the potential to use as an effective natural preservative agent in food products besides the delivery of bioactive compounds to the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Esmaeilzadeh Kenari
- Department of Food Science and TechnologySari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources UniversitySariIran
| | - Razie Razavi
- Department of Food Science and TechnologySari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources UniversitySariIran
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15
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Dall’Acqua S, Sut S, Zengin G, Peron G, Elbasan F, Yildiztugay E, Bibi Sadeer N, Mahomoodally MF. Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibitory Properties of Three Prangos Species (P. heyniae, P. meliocarpoides var. meliocarpoides, and P. uechtritzii) Depicted by Comprehensive LC-MS and Multivariate Data Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091712. [PMID: 36139785 PMCID: PMC9495836 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify/quantify bioactive compounds and determine the antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory effects of various solvent extracts (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) of Prangos heyniae H. Duman and M.F. Watson, Prangos meliocarpoides var. meliocarpoides, and Prangos uechtritzii Boiss. and Hausskn. This is the first time such a report has been designed to validate the phytochemical composition and bioactivity (especially enzyme inhibitory properties) of these plants. A combined approach of liquid chromatography (LC) with mass spectrometry (HR-MS and MSn) allowed to identify that P. heyniae contains condensed tannins; P. meliocarpoides is rich in hydrolysable tannins; and P. uechtritzii possesses coumarins, flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamic acids. Different extracts were tested for antioxidant activities using a battery of assays, such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (phosphomolybdenum), and metal chelating. Enzyme inhibitory effects were investigated using acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase as target enzymes. The obtained results depended on the extraction solvents used for each Prangos species. The methanol extract of P. meliocarpoides var. meliocarpoides exhibited significant radical scavenging activity (DPPH: 52.27 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g; ABTS: 92.84 mg TE/g), the most potent-reducing potential (CUPRAC: 154.04 mg TE/g; FRAP: 104.34 mg TE/g), and high TAC (2.52 mmol TE/g). Moreover, the strongest BChE (7.97 mg galantamine equivalent/g), α-amylase (0.46 mmol acarbose equivalent/g), and tyrosinase (81.15 mg kojic acid equivalent/g) inhibitory effects were observed for the hexane extract of P. meliocarpoides var. meliocarpoides. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between hydrolysable tannins and antioxidant activities. The same trend was also observed between the same class of compounds and the inhibitory effects on enzymatic activities. These results suggest a principal role of hydrolysable tannins in the observed bioactivities of Prangos. Our results suggested that the tested Prangos species could be valuable as sources of natural agents in the development of health-promoting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Dall’Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42300, Turkey
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gregorio Peron
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMMT), University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Fevzi Elbasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42300, Turkey
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Selcuk University, Konya 42300, Turkey
| | - Evren Yildiztugay
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42300, Turkey
| | - Nabeelah Bibi Sadeer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai 600077, India
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen), North West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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Srivastav AD, Singh V, Singh D, Singh S, Patel SK, Kumar D, Yadav S, Giri BS, Singh D. Nelumbo nucifera leaves as source of water-repellent wax: Extraction through polar and non-polar organic solvents. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Deoghare C. Experimental determination of activation rate constant and equilibrium constant for bromo substituted succinimide initiators for an atom transfer radical polymerization process. PURE APPL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2021-2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Alkyl bromides are used as initiators in most of the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) process and play an important role for controlling the ATRP equilibrium. In this work, the effect of solvent on equilibrium constant of ATRP (K
ATRP) and rate constant of activation (k
act) of three isomeric alkyl bromides [namely, N-phenyl(3-bromo-3-methyl)succinimide, N-phenyl(3-bromo-4-methyl)succinimide, and N-phenyl(3-bromomethyl)succinimide] is reported. The k
act and K
ATRP values of alkyl bromide are determined experimentally using UV–Vis-NIR spectrometry. The termination rate constant for model compound is calculated using DOSY NMR spectroscopy. The k
act and K
ATRP values for the mentioned alkyl bromides are determined in five different polar solvent and the effect of polarity is observed. The obtained values of k
act and K
ATRP of N-phenyl(3-bromo-3-methyl)succinimide in acetonitrile at 25 °C is 6.60 × 10−2 L mol−1 s−1 and 1.42 × 10−9, respectively. These values are quite comparable with the experimentally determined reported k
act and K
ATRP of values of acrylates and benzyls initiators. Alternatively, the investigation of possible chain initiation activity for the ATRP process for the mentioned alkyl bromides is carried out theoretically using density functional theory (DFT) method [B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level]. A good correlation is obtained between the experimentally determined and theoretically calculated K
ATRP values of studied alkyl bromides in chosen solvents. Significantly, it is found that the values of k
act and K
ATRP of alkyl bromides is solvent dependent and the magnitude values of the k
act and K
ATRP increases with increasing the solvent polarity. The proposed bromo substituted succinimides can be used as the initiator for the polymerization of acrylates, benzyls, maleimides, and itaconimides monomer under the selected solvent system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetana Deoghare
- Department of Chemistry , Indus Institute of Sciences, Humanities and Liberal Studies, Indus University , Rancharda, Via Thaltej , Ahmedabad 382115 , Gujarat , India
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Chien WJ, Saputri DS, Lin HY. Valorization of Taiwan's Citrus depressa Hayata peels as a source of nobiletin and tangeretin using simple ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:278-287. [PMID: 35146444 PMCID: PMC8816667 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As the highest yield crop worldwide, citrus peels that possess bioactive compounds were discarded as a futile by-product. Ultrasonication with environmentally friendly solvent (50% ethanol and ddH2O) were used in the present study to extract flavonoids from Citrus depressa Hayata peels with extraction period and fruit maturity as other variables. DPPH scavenging activity was investigated. Qualitative flavonoid content analysis was done by UV/Vis and FTIR-ATR spectra. Quantification of flavonoid using LC-MS/MS found that solvent type, fruit maturity, and ultrasonication period significantly affect the extracted flavonoid yield (p < 0.05). Extraction using 50% ethanol showed a higher yield than ddH2O. Flavonoid content was also higher in unripe than ripe samples. Nobiletin, tangeretin, and rutin were dominant among the identified compounds in all sample treatments. Flavonoid content in Citrus depressa Hayata extract was found to negatively correlate to DPPH scavenging activity, which needs further research to identify other bioactivities of these flavonoids. Utilization of simple ultrasonication method with less preparation to extract flavonoids from Citrus depressa Hayata peels. Fruit maturity, extraction time and solvent preference significantly affect the yield of extracted flavonoid. Environmentally friendly solvent for extraction, deliver a comparable yield of flavonoid compounds to other methods. The negative correlation of extracted flavonoid to DPPH scavenging activity.
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Zakaria F, Tan JK, Mohd Faudzi SM, Abdul Rahman MB, Ashari SE. Ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions optimisation using response surface methodology from Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil leaves. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 81:105851. [PMID: 34864545 PMCID: PMC8649887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The optimisation of the Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method was investigated by employing the Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The UAE method was based on a simple ultrasound treatment using methanol as the extraction medium to facilitate the cell disruption of Mitragyna speciosa leaves for optimum extraction yield and Total Phenolic Content (TPC). Three different parameters comprising extraction temperature (X1: 25-50 °C), sonication time (X2: 15-50 min), and solvent to solid ratio (X3: 10-30 mL/g), and were selected as the independent variables, while two response variables were selected, namely extraction yield (Y1) and TPC (Y2). Based on the results, the developed quadratic polynomial model correlated with the experimental data is based on the coefficient of determination (R2) of extraction yield (0.9972, p < 0.0001) and TPC (0.9553, p < 0.0001). At 25 °C, 15 min sonication time, and 10 mL/g of solvent to solid ratio, the optimal conditions recorded an extraction yield and TPC of 22.69% and 143.51 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, respectively. Furthermore, the actual response and the predicted values of the developed models correlated with each other as the Residual Standard Error (RSE) values were <5%. Meanwhile, the Liquid Chromatography- tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed to characterise the optimised M. speciosa extract and revealed the presence of major phytochemicals, including catechin, rutin, kaempferol, coumarin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid. These compounds could exhibit certain therapeutic effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant. Therefore, the findings in this study supported the suggestion that the various available bioactive compounds besides alkaloids contributed to the bioactive properties in M. speciosa, making it an effective traditional herbal medicine to treat various illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazila Zakaria
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jen-Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Munirah Mohd Faudzi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Efliza Ashari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activities of the Unexplored Plant Rhinanthus angustifolius subsp. grandiflorus. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11199162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a total of 12 extracts of Rhinanthus angustifolius subsp. grandiflorus, an understudied hemiparasitic species, were obtained using different extraction techniques, namely, homogenizer-assisted extraction (HAE), maceration (MAC), soxhlet (SOX), infusion, and solvents (ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, and water), and were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant and enzyme-inhibiting properties. Additionally, untargeted profiling based on high-resolution mass spectrometry targeted different phytochemical classes, namely, polyphenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were detected using methanol as the extraction solvent. Multivariate statistics following the untargeted profiling revealed that the extraction solvent had a hierarchically higher impact than the extraction method when considering the recovery of bioactive compounds. The methanolic extracts displayed the highest radical-scavenging antioxidant capacity, as provided by CUPRAC and FRAP assays. On the other hand, the water extracts (MAC and HAE) and the infusion extract showed the highest activity as metal chelators (25.66–27.51 mg EDTAE/g). Similarly, the water extract obtained by HAE and the infusion extract revealed the highest phosphomolybdenum activity (3.92 ± 0.14 and 3.71 ± 0.01 mmol TE/g, respectively). The different extracts also exhibited different enzyme inhibition potentials. For instance, HAE and MAC ethanolic extracts inhibited only α-amylase (0.69 ± 0.01 and 0.70 ± 0.01 mmol ACAE/g), while all the other extracts showed a dual inhibition against both carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes tested (i.e., α-amylase: 0.07–0.69 mmol ACAE/g; α-glucosidase: 0.03–1.30 mmol ACAE/g). Nevertheless, the other extracts inhibited acetyl-, butyryl-cholinesterases, or both; MAC–water extract displayed no inhibition against the enzymes. Additionally, all the studied extracts were found to inhibit tyrosinase, ranging from 10.62 to 52.80 mg KAE/g. In general, the water extracts showed weaker inhibition towards the enzymes than the other extracts. This study demonstrated that R. angustifolius is an excellent source of natural antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors that could be further investigated and exploited for pharmaceutical purposes.
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Niyomtham N, Koontongkaew S, Yingyongnarongkul BE, Utispan K. Apis mellifera propolis enhances apoptosis and invasion inhibition in head and neck cancer cells. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12139. [PMID: 34589307 PMCID: PMC8434809 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Propolis is a resinous product accumulated from several plant sources that possess a wide range of therapeutic properties, including anti-cancer activities. However, the role of honeybee-produced propolis on head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Apis mellifera propolis on apoptosis and invasiveness in HNSCC cell lines. Methods Ethyl acetate extract of propolis (EAEP) was prepared from A. mellifera beehives using liquid–liquid extraction. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS) was used to determine the flavonoids in EAEP. Isogenic HNSCC cell lines derived from primary (HN30 and HN4) and metastatic site (HN31 and HN12) were used in this study. The cytotoxicity, apoptosis, invasion, and MMP activity of EAEP on HNSCC cells were determined using an MTT assay, flow cytometry, Matrigel invasion assay, and gelatinase zymography, respectively. Results We found that EAEP exhibited cytotoxic activity and induced apoptosis in the HNSCC cell lines. Furthermore, EAEP significantly decreased HNSCC cell invasion by reducing MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. Two flavonoids, galangin and apigenin, were identified in EAEP by HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS. The results suggest that EAEP promotes apoptosis and exerts anti-invasion potential by inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in HNSCC cell lines. These inhibitory effects may be mediated by galangin and apigenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattisa Niyomtham
- Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sittichai Koontongkaew
- Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Synthesis of different nanometals using Citrus Sinensis peel (orange peel) waste extraction for valuable functionalization of cotton fabric. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Optimized Extraction Method for Kleeb Bua Daeng Formula with the Aid of the Experimental Design. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/1457729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kleeb Bua Daeng formula is one of the popular remedies sold in Chao Phya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital, Thailand. This formula contains Piper nigrum L., Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., and Centella asiatica L. as active components. Owing to getting the highest content of its phytochemical compounds, the conditions of solvent extraction for this formula were optimized. The type of solvent, number of extraction times, and ratio between the material and solvent were varied in this study using the Box–Behnken design. The important phytochemical constituents (total phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, and anthocyanins) were also determined. From the result of this study, it was found that the highest content of each total active compound was obtained from different conditions such as the optimal extraction condition of phenolic content was obtained using methanol as solvent, one time of extraction, and the ratio of powder and solvent was 1 : 6. Thus, the variation of solvent extraction condition could affect the phytochemical content. Further studies about the herbal formula involving the extraction process should concern the variation of extraction conditions to get the highest content of the active compound.
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Intraspecific Variation of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Different Solvent Extracts of Albizia coriaria Leaves from Some Agroecological Zones of Uganda. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:2335454. [PMID: 34221068 PMCID: PMC8221850 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2335454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Albizia coriaria Welw ex. Oliver is a customary African medicinal plant, which has a long history of utilization in the management of oxidative stress-induced and bacterial diseases. However, there is no report on the phytochemicals, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of its leaves. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the phytochemicals, antioxidant, and antibacterial potential of A. coriaria leaves from Jinja, Kole, and Mbarara districts of Uganda. Shade-dried leaf samples were ground into powder and successively extracted with ethyl acetate, ethanol, and distilled water. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, phenols, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, and terpenes as the major secondary metabolites in the extracts. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and total in vitro antioxidant activity were found to be the highest for ethanolic extracts, with the highest contents (101.72 ± 0.22 mg GAE/g DW; 13.23 ± 0.03 mg QE/g DW) and antioxidant potential (IC50 = 18.65 ± 0.06 mg/mL) being for leaves from Mbarara district. Antibacterial activity of the extracts determined by agar disc diffusion method revealed that ethanolic extracts had higher antibacterial activities with mean zones of inhibition of 6.00 ± 1.73 to 10.00 ± 1.73 mm, 5.00 ± 1.00 to 12.30 ± 1.53 mm, 17.00 ± 0.00 to 25.00 ± 2.65 mm, and 9.00 ± 1.73 to 16.00 ± 1.73 mm for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi, respectively. Ethyl acetate extracts of A. coriaria leaves from Kole and Mbarara had lower antibacterial activities, while aqueous extracts and ethyl acetate extract of leaves from Jinja showed no antibacterial activity. The current study for the first time established that A. coriaria leaves possess therapeutic phytochemicals with significant in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities, which lend credence to their use in traditional management of oxidative stress-induced conditions and bacterial diseases in Uganda. Structural elucidation of the responsible pure compounds for the observed bioactivities as well as toxicity studies of the extracts is recommended.
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Makky EA, AlMatar M, Mahmood MH, Ting OW, Qi WZ. Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Food Technol Biotechnol 2021; 59:127-136. [PMID: 34316274 PMCID: PMC8284104 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.59.02.21.6658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RESEARCH BACKGROUND Antioxidants are important compounds present at low concentrations that inhibit oxidation processes. Due to the side effects of synthetic antioxidants, research interest has increased considerably towards finding natural sources of antioxidants that can replace the synthetic ones. The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance require the development of new drugs or some potential sources of novel medicine. This work aims to extract the secondary metabolites of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using ethyl acetate as a solvent and to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of these extracted metabolites. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The antioxidant activity of the secondary metabolites of S. cerevisiae were determined using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. Furthermore, the antimicrobial potential of the ethyl acetate extract of S. cerevisiae against Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Five out of 13 of the extracted secondary metabolites were identified as antioxidants. The antioxidant activity of the S. cerevisiae extract exhibited relatively high IC50 of 455.26 and 294.51 μg/mL for DPPH and ABTS respectively, while the obtained FRAP value, expressed as ascorbic acid equivalents, was 44.40 μg/mL. Moreover, the extract had a significant antibacterial activity (p<0.05) against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis at the concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/mL, respectively. However, no inhibitory effect was observed against Cutibacterium acnes as the extract was only effective against the bacterium at the concentrations of 300 and 400 mg/mL (inhibition zones ranging from 9.0±0.0 to 9.3±0.6) respectively (p<0.05). Staphylococcus aureus was highly sensitive to the extract, with a MIC value of 18.75 mg/mL. NOVELTY AND SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION This report confirmed the efficacy of the secondary metabolites of S. cerevisiae as a natural source of antioxidants and antimicrobials and suggested the possibility of employing them in drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by the tested microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam A. Makky
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Manaf AlMatar
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood H. Mahmood
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Ooi Wei Ting
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Wong Zi Qi
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
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Dall’Acqua S, Sinan KI, Sut S, Ferrarese I, Etienne OK, Mahomoodally MF, Lobine D, Zengin G. Evaluation of Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Properties of Croton hirtus L'Hér. Extracts Obtained with Different Solvents. Molecules 2021; 26:1902. [PMID: 33800622 PMCID: PMC8038089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Croton hirtus L'Hér methanol extract was studied by NMR and two different LC-DAD-MSn using electrospray (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) sources to obtain a quali-quantitative fingerprint. Forty different phytochemicals were identified, and twenty of them were quantified, whereas the main constituents were dihydro α ionol-O-[arabinosil(1-6) glucoside] (133 mg/g), dihydro β ionol-O-[arabinosil(1-6) glucoside] (80 mg/g), β-sitosterol (49 mg/g), and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (26 mg/g). C. hirtus was extracted with different solvents-namely, water, methanol, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate-and the extracts were assayed using different in vitro tests. The methanolic extracts presented the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values. All the tested extracts exhibited inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), with a higher activity observed for dichloromethane (AChE: 5.03 and BChE: 16.41 mgGALAE/g), while the methanolic extract showed highest impact against tyrosinase (49.83 mgKAE/g). Taken together, these findings suggest C. hirtus as a novel source of bioactive phytochemicals with potential for commercial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Dall’Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.S.); (I.F.)
| | - Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey; (K.I.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.S.); (I.F.)
| | - Irene Ferrarese
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.S.); (I.F.)
| | - Ouattara Katinan Etienne
- Laboratoire de Botanique, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 00225 Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire;
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, 230 Réduit, Mauritius;
| | - Devina Lobine
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, 230 Réduit, Mauritius;
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey; (K.I.S.); (G.Z.)
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de Miranda Sabino CV, Paula da Silva BJ, de Menezes DLB, Araújo da Silva FM, de-Souza TP, Henrique Ferreira Koolen H, de Lima ÁAN, Silva Lima E. Physicochemical Characterization, Stability and Cytotoxicity of a Blue Dye Obtained from Genipap Fruit ( Genipa americana L.). Food Technol Biotechnol 2021; 59:103-111. [PMID: 34084085 PMCID: PMC8157086 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.59.01.21.6809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research background The current commercial scenario indicates an increase in the demand for natural dyes. Compared to synthetic dyes, natural ones have the advantage of being sustainable, making them of great interest for the food and cosmetic industries. The development of new natural dyes is necessary, as well as the carrying out of complementary research regarding the existing ones. Experimental approach The present study aims to characterize the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the dye obtained from dehydrated endocarp of the genipap (Genipa americana) fruit, as well as perform the relevant stability and cytotoxicity tests. The chemical characterization was performed by HPLC-MS/MS analyses. The stability studies were carried out by spectrophotometry and cytotoxicity assays using cell culture and fluorometric methods. Results and conclusions After dehydration and milling of the fruit endocarp, water was added to the obtained powder (in the ratio 4:1) to extract the dye. Five compounds were elucidated using HPLC-MS/MS and confirmed the presence of the geniposide as its main compound. With the X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy analysis, we characterised the obtained powder as being amorphous and of porous structure with a variable size. The thermogravimetric analysis indicated a maximum loss of 61% mass after exposure to a temperature range from 240 to 760 °C. The obtained blue dye was stable in the absence of light, at room temperature and had neutral pH. In the cytotoxicity assay, (95.0±1.3) % of viable human fibroblasts were observed after exposure to this dye. The genipap fruit can be a viable alternative to produce a natural blue dye, since it is easy to obtain and has very low toxicity in food, pharmaceutical or cosmetic products. Novelty and scientific contribution This study demonstrates for the first time the physicochemical and biological properties of a natural blue dye from G. americana fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Verly de Miranda Sabino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Av. Gen. Rodrigo Otavio, 6200, CEP 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Janaína Paula da Silva
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Av. Gen. Rodrigo Otavio, 6200, CEP 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Moura Araújo da Silva
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Av. Gen. Rodrigo Otavio, 6200, CEP 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Pereira de-Souza
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Av. Gen. Rodrigo Otavio, 6200, CEP 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Hector Henrique Ferreira Koolen
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Research Group, University of Amazon State, Av. Carvalho Leal, 1777, CEP 69050-010, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Ádley Antonini Neves de Lima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, CEP 59078-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Emerson Silva Lima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Av. Gen. Rodrigo Otavio, 6200, CEP 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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Abd Aziz NA, Hasham R, Sarmidi MR, Suhaimi SH, Idris MKH. A review on extraction techniques and therapeutic value of polar bioactives from Asian medicinal herbs: Case study on Orthosiphon aristatus, Eurycoma longifolia and Andrographis paniculata. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:143-165. [PMID: 33679177 PMCID: PMC7910186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have gained much interest in the prevention and treatment of common human disease such as cold and fever, hypertension and postpartum. Bioactive compounds from medicinal plants were synthesised using effective extraction methods which have important roles in the pharmaceutical product development. Orthosiphon aristatus (OA), Eurycoma longifolia (EL) and Andrographis paniculata (AP) are among popular medicinal herbs in Southeast Asia. The major compounds for these medicinal plants are polar bioactive compounds (rosmarinic acid, eurycomanone and andrographolide) which have multiple benefits to human health. The bioactive compounds are used as a drug to function against a variety of diseases with the support of scientific evidence. This paper was intended to prepare a complete review about the extraction techniques (e.g. OA, EL and AP) of these medicinal plants based on existing studies and scientific works. Suitable solvents and techniques to obtain their major bioactive compounds and their therapeutic potentials were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Amanina Abd Aziz
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Rosnani Hasham
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Roji Sarmidi
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,Phyto Biznet Sdn Bhd, UTM-MTDC Technology Centre, Technovation Park, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Hasyimah Suhaimi
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Khairul Hafiz Idris
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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Mooko T, Bala A, Tripathy S, Kumar CS, Mahadevappa CP, Chaudhary SK, Matsabisa MG. Cannabis Sativa L. Flower and Bud Extracts inhibited In vitro Cholinesterases and b-Secretase Enzymes Activities: Possible Mechanisms of Cannabis use in Alzheimer Disease. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:297-309. [PMID: 33618651 DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666210222124349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are anecdotal claims on the use of Cannabis sativa L. in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, but there is lack of scientific data to support the efficacy and safety of Cannabis sativa L. for Alzheimer's disease. AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of aerial parts of Cannabis sativa L. on the cholinesterases and β-secretase enzyme activity as one of the possible mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease. METHODS The phytochemical and heavy metal contents were analysed. The extracts were screened for acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and β-secretase activity. Cytotoxicity of extracts was performed in normal vero and pre-adipocytes cell lines. The extracts were characterized using high performance thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography for their chemical fingerprints. Alkaloids, flavonoids and glycosides were present amongst the tested phytochemicals. Cannabidiol concentrations were comparatively high in the hexane and dichloromethane than in dichloromethane: methanol (1:1) and methanol extracts. RESULTS Hexane and dichloromethane extracts showed a better inhibitory potential towards cholinesterase activity, while water, hexane, dichloromethane: methanol (1:1) and methanol showed an inhibitory potential towards β-secretase enzyme activity. All extracts showed no cytotoxic effect on pre-adipocytes and vero cells after 24- and 48-hours of exposure. CONCLUSION Therefore, this may explain the mechanism through which AD symptoms may be treated and managed by Cannabis sativa L. extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teboho Mooko
- Department of Pharmacology, Indigenous Knowledge System Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300. South Africa
| | - Asis Bala
- Department of Pharmacology, Indigenous Knowledge System Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300. South Africa
| | - Satyajit Tripathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Indigenous Knowledge System Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300. South Africa
| | - Chethan S Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Indigenous Knowledge System Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300. South Africa
| | - Chandrashekara P Mahadevappa
- Department of Pharmacology, Indigenous Knowledge System Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300. South Africa
| | - Sushil K Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, Indigenous Knowledge System Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300. South Africa
| | - Motlalepula G Matsabisa
- Department of Pharmacology, Indigenous Knowledge System Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300. South Africa
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Effects of Various Drying Methods on Selected Physical and Antioxidant Properties of Extracts from Moringa oliefera Leaf Waste. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12208586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of different drying methods on the physical properties, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of extracts from Moringa oliefera L. (MO) leaf waste. The effects of two drying techniques, namely, sun drying (A1) and tray drying (A2), on the physical and antioxidant properties of the extracts obtained using three extracting solvents, i.e., water (b1), ethanol (b2), and ethyl acetate (b3), were investigated. These extracts were analyzed for their physicochemical and antioxidant properties. The antioxidant properties were determined with the Folin Ciocalteau, aluminum chloride, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) was used to identify functional groups in the active compounds. It was found that the physical properties of the MO extract, including yield, pH, total solids, and color, showed significant differences for the two drying methods (p < 0.05). The b3 extract had the highest value for total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities, followed by b2 and b1, respectively, for both the sun drying and tray drying methods. There was a significant correlation between the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity (IC50). This study reveals that waste material from MO leaves could be utilized as an antioxidant agent, which is expected to reduce environmental pollution from the MO processing industry.
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Khan D, Sharif A, Zafar M, Akhtar B, Akhtar MF, Awan S. Delonix regia a Folklore Remedy for Diabetes; Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Modulates Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1059-1069. [PMID: 32065099 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200217112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The folkloric profile of Delonix regia demonstrates that it can be used in the management of diabetes. OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to evaluate the safety profile of the aerial part extracts of Delonix regia and their antidiabetic potential along with improvement in oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical screening, total phenolic, and flavonoid contents along with in-vitro antioxidant and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities were determined. HPLC analysis, acute toxicity, glucose tolerance, in-vivo antidiabetic effect along with the influence on biochemical, oxidative stress parameters, and comet assay of the active extract were performed and assessed. RESULTS Total phenolic (831.6±0.002 mg/g GAE) and flavonoid (361.4±0.002 mg/g QE) contents were found to be higher in the methanolic extract. Inhibitory concentration IC50 indicated better results for the methanolic extract in DPPH (47.6μg/mL) and alpha-amylase inhibitory (14.61μg/mL) assays. HPLC analysis of the methanolic extract confirmed the presence of quercetin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid. Acute oral toxicity exhibited no mortality and morbidity during the 24h period. The methanolic extract showed better tolerance to glucose. Streptozotocin- nicotinamide (55-110 mg/kg) induced hyperglycemia declined along with improvement in hematological, biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, H202) in a dose-dependent manner. The maximum effect was recorded at 500mg/kg dose. Comet assay was performed for genotoxic studies and it was observed that the methanolic extract of Delonix regia showed the maximum genoprotective effect at 100μg/mL. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the methanolic aerial part extract of Delonix regia exhibited hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic activities. The antidiabetic effect was comparable to glibenclamide suggesting its therapeutic use as a natural anti-diabetic remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darosham Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mehroz Zafar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad F Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ripah International University, Lahore Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Awan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Synthesis method, antibacterial and photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles for azo dyes in wastewater treatment: A review. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Mulík S, Ozuna C. Mexican edible flowers: Cultural background, traditional culinary uses, and potential health benefits. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2020.100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bobinaitė R, Grootaert C, Van Camp J, Šarkinas A, Liaudanskas M, Žvikas V, Viškelis P, Rimantas Venskutonis P. Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of the extracts isolated from the pomace of rowanberry (Sorbus aucuparia L.). Food Res Int 2020; 136:109310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Adnan M, Oh KK, Azad MOK, Shin MH, Wang MH, Cho DH. Kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Leaves and Seed as a Potential Source of the Bioactive Compounds: Effects of Various Extraction Solvents on Biological Properties. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10100223. [PMID: 32998223 PMCID: PMC7601236 DOI: 10.3390/life10100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hibiscus cannabinus (Kenaf) is a potential source of bioactive constituents and natural antioxidant. The current study determined the impact of various solvents on extraction yield, recovery of polyphenol and flavonoid, antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial properties of Kenaf leaves and seed. The powder of leaves and seed was separately extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water solvent. Among them, the ethanol extract of leaves and seed showed the highest extraction yield, and their GC-MS analysis revealed a total of 55 and 14 bioactive compounds, respectively. The total polyphenols (TP) and flavonoids (TF) content were quantified by a spectrophotometric technique where water extracts displayed a noteworthy amount of TP and TF content compared to other extracts. A similar demonstration was noticed in antioxidant activity, evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity. In addition, cytotoxicity and anti-lung cancer activity were identified against mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH3T3) and human lung cancer (A549) cells. All extracts of leaves and seed were observed as non-toxic to the NIH3T3 cells, but slight toxicity was expressed by n-hexane extracts at the optimum dose (1000 µg/mL) of treatment. In parallel, n-hexane and ethanol extracts (leaves and seed) exposed promising anti-lung cancer activity at the same concentration. Furthermore, antibacterial activity was assessed using disc diffusion assay, and seed extracts exhibited a significant inhibition zone against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Overall, Kenaf seed extracted with polar solvents was found very potent in terms of important bioactive compounds and pharmacological aspects, which can be an excellent biological matrix of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Adnan
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.A.); (K.K.O.); (M.O.K.A.)
| | - Ki Kwang Oh
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.A.); (K.K.O.); (M.O.K.A.)
| | - Md Obyedul Kalam Azad
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.A.); (K.K.O.); (M.O.K.A.)
| | | | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-H.W.); (D.H.C.); Tel.: +82-332-506-475 (D.H.C.)
| | - Dong Ha Cho
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.A.); (K.K.O.); (M.O.K.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.-H.W.); (D.H.C.); Tel.: +82-332-506-475 (D.H.C.)
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Marsup P, Yeerong K, Neimkhum W, Sirithunyalug J, Anuchapreeda S, To-anun C, Chaiyana W. Enhancement of Chemical Stability and Dermal Delivery of Cordyceps militaris Extracts by Nanoemulsion. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1565. [PMID: 32784892 PMCID: PMC7466510 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop nanoemulsions for enhancing chemical stability and dermal delivery of Cordyceps militaris extracts. C. militaris was extracted by maceration and infusion. The extracts were investigated for cordycepin, phenolic, and flavonoid content. The antioxidant activity was investigated by in vitro spectrophotometric methods. The irritation profile was investigated by hen's egg-chorioallantoic membrane test. Nanoemulsions were developed using high-pressure homogenizer. C. militaris extract was incorporated into the nanoemulsion and investigated for safety, release profile, permeation, and skin retention. The results demonstrated that water extract (CW) contained the significantly highest content of cordycepin, phenolics, and flavonoids, which were responsible for antioxidant activity. CW was the most potent antioxidant. CW possessed comparable 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition to l-ascorbic acid (96.9 ± 3.1%) and alpha-tocopherol (87.2 ± 1.0%). Consequently, ten mg/mL of CW was incorporated into nanoemulsions composing of sugar squalene, Tween® 85, and deionized water. Nanoemulsion, which had the smallest internal droplet size (157.1 ± 2.6 nm), enhanced the stability of CW, had no cytotoxicity effect and no skin irritation, released the most CW (0.9 ± 0.0% w/w after 24 h), and delivered the highest CW into the skin layer (33.5 ± 0.7% w/w). Therefore, nanoemulsion was suggested for enhancing the stability and dermal delivery of CW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pachabadee Marsup
- Master’s Degree Program in Cosmetic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Kankanit Yeerong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Waranya Neimkhum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Samutprakarn 10250, Thailand;
| | - Jakkapan Sirithunyalug
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.Y.); (J.S.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Division of Clinical Microscopy, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat To-anun
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Wantida Chaiyana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.Y.); (J.S.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
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Ling JKU, Chan YS, Nandong J. Extraction of antioxidant compounds from the wastes of Mangifera pajang fruit: a comparative study using aqueous ethanol and deep eutectic solvent. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-3153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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39
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de Souza TSP, Dias FFG, Oliveira JPS, de Moura Bell JMLN, Koblitz MGB. Biological properties of almond proteins produced by aqueous and enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction processes from almond cake. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10873. [PMID: 32616827 PMCID: PMC7331752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The almond cake is a protein-rich residue generated by the mechanical expression of the almond oil. The effects of the aqueous (AEP) and enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction processes (EAEP) on the biological properties of the almond cake protein were evaluated. Total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity, inhibitory effects against crucial enzymes related to metabolic syndrome, antimicrobial potential, and in vitro protein digestibility profile were assessed. EAEP provided the best results for antioxidant capacity by both ORAC (397.2 µmol TE per g) and ABTS (650.5 µmol TE per g) methods and also showed a high (~ 98%) potential for α-glucosidase inhibition. The AEP resulted in protein extracts with the highest lipase inhibition (~ 70%) in a dose-dependent way. Enzymatic kinetic analyses revealed that EAEP generated uncompetitive inhibitors against α-glucosidase, while EAEP, AEP, and HEX-AEP (used as control) generated the same kind of inhibitors against lipase. No protein extract was effective against any of the bacteria strains tested at antimicrobial assays. An in silico theoretical hydrolysis of amandin subunits corroborated with the results found for antioxidant capacity, enzyme inhibitory experiments, and antimicrobial activity. Digestibility results indicated that the digestive proteases used were efficient in hydrolyzing almond proteins, regardless of the extraction applied and that HEX-AEP presented the highest digestibility (85%). In summary, EAEP and AEP skim proteins have the potential to be used as a nutraceutical ingredient. The biological properties observed in these extracts could help mitigate the development of metabolic syndrome where EAEP and AEP skim proteins could be potentially used as a prophylactic therapy for diabetes and obesity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaiza S P de Souza
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Food Science, Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, 296, Pasteur Avenue, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 29622290-240, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F G Dias
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Joana Paula S Oliveira
- Department of Food Science, Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, 296, Pasteur Avenue, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 29622290-240, Brazil
| | - Juliana M L N de Moura Bell
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Maria Gabriela B Koblitz
- Department of Food Science, Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, 296, Pasteur Avenue, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 29622290-240, Brazil.
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Ben Harb M, Abubshait S, Etteyeb N, Kamoun M, Dhouib A. Olive leaf extract as a green corrosion inhibitor of reinforced concrete contaminated with seawater. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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41
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Evaluation of Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Cytotoxic Activity of Laurus nobilis L Grown in Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.4.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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42
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Ustuner O, Anlas C, Bakirel T, Ustun-Alkan F, Diren Sigirci B, Ak S, Akpulat HA, Donmez C, Koca-Caliskan U. In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Potential of Thymus Sipyleus Boiss. Subsp. Rosulans (Borbas) Jalas. Molecules 2019; 24:E3353. [PMID: 31540139 PMCID: PMC6767006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymus sipyleus Boiss. subsp. rosulans (Borbas) Jalas (TS) is a commonly used plant in the treatment of various complaints, including skin wounds in Turkish folk medicine. Despite the widespread traditional use of TS, there is not any scientific report confirming the effectiveness of this plant on the healing process. This research aimed to investigate the effects of different extracts obtained from TS on biological events during wound healing, on a cellular basis. In this context, proliferative activities of the extracts, as well as the effects on wound closure and hydroxyproline synthesis, were determined. In addition to wound healing properties, the antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts were evaluated. Decoction (D) and infusion (I) extracts contained the highest amount of phenolic content and showed the most potent activity against DPPH radical. All extracts exhibited complete protection against the damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by increasing cell viability compared to only H2O2-treated groups, both in co-treatment and pre-treatment protocols. None of the extracts exhibited cytotoxic activity, and most of the extracts from the TS stimulated fibroblast proliferation and migration. All TS extracts exert anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the overproduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO). The most pronounced activity on hydroxyproline synthesis was observed in D extract. In summary, it was observed that TS extracts can promote the healing process by enhancing fibroblast migration, proliferation and collagen synthesis as well as suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines. The obtained data in this work support the traditional use of TS as a valuable plant-based compound for the treatment of wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oya Ustuner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ceren Anlas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Tulay Bakirel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Fulya Ustun-Alkan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Belgi Diren Sigirci
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Seyyal Ak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Huseyin Askin Akpulat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Ceylan Donmez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Yenimahalle-Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ufuk Koca-Caliskan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Yenimahalle-Ankara, Turkey.
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Development and Validation of Conditions for Extracting Flavonoids Content and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Activities from Bougainvillea x buttiana Bracteas (var. Rose). Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080264. [PMID: 31374928 PMCID: PMC6720492 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study the effect of the ethanol concentration of Bougainvillea x buttiana extracts on the flavonoids content, and its antioxidant and cytoprotective activities in vitro were determined and compared. For the elucidation of the chemical constituents, the high-performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC) was used, and verification of the antioxidant activity was carried out using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical method. The cytoprotective effects of extracts were determined by exposure to hydrogen peroxide. The HPLC analysis showed the presence of rutin, quercetin-3-glucoside and quercetin rhamnoside. Among the extracts investigated the best recuperation of the rutin content was observed in extracts with 80% ethanol (83 ± 5 mg/mL). The amounts of rutin present in all extracts contribute to the antioxidant capacity and the IC50 was 427.49 (0%), 275.41 (50%), 271.61 (80%), and 272.14 (100%) µg/mL. The lowest percentage of viability was found in the cultures exposed to 100% ethanol (92%). In cultures exposed to hydrogen peroxide the percentages of protection were 25%, 33%, 78%, and 65% for cultures treated for 72 h at 0%, 50%, 80%, and 100% ethanol, respectively. The ethanolic extract of B. x buttiana was confirmed to have high rutin content with potent antioxidant activity, low cytotoxic and strong cytoprotective effects.
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Zeghad N, Ahmed E, Belkhiri A, Heyden YV, Demeyer K. Antioxidant activity of Vitis vinifera, Punica granatum, Citrus aurantium and Opuntia ficus indica fruits cultivated in Algeria. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01575. [PMID: 31183435 PMCID: PMC6488748 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Four edible fruits from Vitis vinifera, Punica granatum, Citrus aurantium and Opuntia ficus indica from Algeria were analyzed in order to determine the total polyphenol, total flavonoid and flavonol contents using classical spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant activity was established by three different single-electron-transfer-based assays (ABTS radical cation, FRAP, and DPPH assays) and one hydrogen-atom-transfer based assay (ORAC). Among the four fruits tested, the Vitis vinifera hydroalcoholic extract showed the highest antioxidant capacity with all methods. The results indicated that the antioxidant activity and the total phenolic content of the selected plants are significantly different (p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Zeghad
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, University Constantine 1, Algeria
| | - Ejaz Ahmed
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, VUB, Belgium
| | - Abdelmalik Belkhiri
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Medicine, University Constantine 3, Algeria
| | - Yvan Vander Heyden
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, VUB, Belgium
| | - Kristiaan Demeyer
- Department of Toxicology, Dermato-Cosmetology and Pharmacognosy, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, VUB Brussels, Belgium
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Extraction conditions for Rosa gallica petal extracts with anti-skin aging activities. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1439-1446. [PMID: 31695942 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-skin inflammatory activities of rose petal extracts have been described in our previous study. Because skin inflammation is closely linked to skin aging, our study investigated the effects of Rosa gallica petals on skin aging-related activities such as skin whitening and anti-wrinkle properties. Each sample was prepared via extraction using different ethanol ratios with the objective of evaluationg optimal extraction conditions for industrial application. Aqueous 50% (v/v) EtOH extract of R. gallica petal significantly suppressed tyrosinase activity, melanin production, and solar UV-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1, a hall mark of wrinkle formation. In addition, the aqueous 50% (v/v) EtOH extract showed the highest antioxidative effect and had highest flavonoid contents, consistent with the reported anti-aging effects. Overall, our findings suggest that R. gallica petals extracts exhibit anti-aging effects. Furthermore, 50% EtOH extraction, in particular, was optimal for the highest anti-aging, and anti-oxidative effects as well as to obtain the highest flavonoid content.
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46
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Saleem H, Htar TT, Naidu R, Zengin G, Ahmad I, Ahemad N. Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant, enzyme inhibition and cytotoxic potential of Bougainvillea glabra flowers. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:2602-2606. [PMID: 30600720 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1543684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, phytochemical composition, antioxidant, enzyme inhibition and cytotoxic activities of methanol and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of Bougainvillea glabra (B. glabra) flowers were investigated. Methanol extract was found to have higher total bioactive contents and UHPLC-MS analysis of methanol extract revealed the presence of well-known phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Antioxidant activities were performed by radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (FRAP and CUPRAC), phosphomolybdenum (TAC) and metal chelating assays. From our result, we observed that methanol extract had many antioxidant compounds. The DCM extract exhibited higher cholinesterases and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition, while methanol extract showed significant urease inhibition. Both extracts exhibited strong to moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, CaSki, DU-145 and SW-480 cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 88.49 to 304.7 µg/mL. The findings showed the B. glabra to possess considerable antioxidant, enzyme inhibition and cytotoxic potentials and therefore has potential to discover novel bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Saleem
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Thet Thet Htar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Nafees Ahemad
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Dhanaraju M, Gnanakani P, Santhanam P, Kumar K. Chemical composition, antioxidant, and cytotoxic potential of Nannochloropsis species extracts. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_208_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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48
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Briones-Labarca V, Giovagnoli-Vicuña C, Cañas-Sarazúa R. Optimization of extraction yield, flavonoids and lycopene from tomato pulp by high hydrostatic pressure-assisted extraction. Food Chem 2018; 278:751-759. [PMID: 30583438 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tomato pulp is a useful source of antioxidants, which can be extracted by high hydrostatic pressure (HHPE). This study aimed to optimize the individual and interactive effect of operating high pressure and solvent polarity (solvent mixture) on yield extraction, flavonoid and lycopene content from tomato pulp (Solanum lycopersicum) by using response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that the selected factors (high pressure and solvent mixture) have a significant influence on extraction yield, flavonoid and lycopene content. Extraction at 450 MPa and 60% hexane concentration in the solvent mixture was considered the optimal HHPE condition since it provided the maximum extraction yield (8.71%), flavonoid (21.52 ± 0.09 mg QE/g FW) and lycopene content (2.01 ± 0.09 mg QE/100 g FW). Therefore, HHPE could be a useful tool improve the extraction and release of potentially health-related compounds while providing information on the cumulative effect of solvent polarity and high-pressure extraction on antioxidant compounds of fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilbett Briones-Labarca
- Food Engineering Department, La Serena University, Av. Raúl, Bitrán Nachary 1305, La Serena, Chile; CEAZA, Advanced Studies Center in Arid Zones, Av. Raúl Bitrán Nachary, 1305 La Serena, Chile.
| | | | - Raúl Cañas-Sarazúa
- Food Engineering Department, La Serena University, Av. Raúl, Bitrán Nachary 1305, La Serena, Chile
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Pratama MRF, Suratno S, Mulyani E. Profile of Thin-Layer Chromatography and UV-Vis Spectrophotometry of Akar Kuning Stem Extract (Arcangelisia flava). BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2018. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v1i2.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to obtain the profile of Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry from ethanol extract of akar kuning stems (Arcangelisia flava) from Central Kalimantan. The TLC method is used with the orientation phase of the combination of polar-non-polar solvents resulting from orientation, while ethanol is used as the solvent for UV-Vis spectrophotometers. TLC results showed the formation of 3 stains on a combination of polar solvents chloroform : methanol : water while in a non-polar solvent combination n-hexane : ethyl acetate did not show any stains. Comparison of retention factor (Rf) values show the best combination of polar solvents to separate stains at a ratio of 5 : 2 : 1, respectively. Separation in 2-dimensional TLC with polar solvents showed a similar pattern with 1-dimensional separation in the form of 3 stains. UV-Vis spectrophotometer results showed 4 main peaks with wavelength 227.2; 267.4; 345.2; and 425.3 nm, respectively. The profile of the peak formed is very similar to that shown by berberine, one of the main metabolites of akar kuning. TLC and UV-Vis spectrophotometers profiles obtained are expected to support further research using akar kuning stems, especially those from Central Kalimantan.
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Applications of Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Fruits as Bioactive Ingredients in Functional Foods. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.3.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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