1
|
Pang B, Dong G, Pang T, Sun X, Liu X, Nie Y, Chang X. Emerging insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for vascular endothelial injury-associated diseases: focus on mitochondrial dysfunction. Angiogenesis 2024:10.1007/s10456-024-09938-4. [PMID: 39060773 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
As a vital component of blood vessels, endothelial cells play a key role in maintaining overall physiological function by residing between circulating blood and semi-solid tissue. Various stress stimuli can induce endothelial injury, leading to the onset of corresponding diseases in the body. In recent years, the importance of mitochondria in vascular endothelial injury has become increasingly apparent. Mitochondria, as the primary site of cellular aerobic respiration and the organelle for "energy information transfer," can detect endothelial cell damage by integrating and receiving various external stress signals. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial dysfunction often determine the evolution of endothelial cell injury towards necrosis or apoptosis. Therefore, mitochondria are closely associated with endothelial cell function, helping to determine the progression of clinical diseases. This article comprehensively reviews the interconnection and pathogenesis of mitochondrial-induced vascular endothelial cell injury in cardiovascular diseases, renal diseases, pulmonary-related diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and microvascular diseases associated with diabetes. Corresponding therapeutic approaches are also provided. Additionally, strategies for using clinical drugs to treat vascular endothelial injury-based diseases are discussed, aiming to offer new insights and treatment options for the clinical diagnosis of related vascular injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boxian Pang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Tieliang Pang
- Beijing Anding hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyao Sun
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Bioscience Department, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yifeng Nie
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Xing Chang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 5 Beixiagge, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang XL, Xian Y, Chen XL. YAP/TAZ Signaling Enhances Angiogenesis of Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells in a High-Glucose Environment. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:524-532. [PMID: 38305219 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2309217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of irreversible blindness in the working-age population. Neovascularization is an important hallmark of advanced DR. There is evidence that Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional co-activator with a PDZ binding domain (TAZ) plays an important role in angiogenesis and that its activity is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of YAP/TAZ-VEGF crosstalk on the angiogenic capacity of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRECs) in a high-glucose environment. METHODS The expression of YAP and TAZ of hRECs under normal conditions, hypertonic conditions and high glucose were observed. YAP overexpression (OE-YAP), YAP silencing (sh-YAP), VEGF overexpression (OE-VEGF) and VEGF silencing (sh-VEGF) plasmids were constructed. Cell counting kit-8 assay was performed to detect cells proliferation ability, transwell assay to detect cells migration ability, and tube formation assay to detect tube formation ability. The protein expression of YAP, TAZ, VEGF, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, MMP-13, vessel endothelium (VE)-cadherin and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was measured by western blot. RESULTS The proliferation of hRECs was significantly higher in the high glucose group compared with the normal group, as well as the protein expression of YAP and TAZ (p < 0.01). YAP and VEGF promoted the proliferation, migration and tube formation of hRECs in the high glucose environment (p < 0.01), and increased the expression of TAZ, VEGF, MMP-8, MMP-13 and α-SMA while reducing the expression of VE-cadherin (p < 0.01). Knockdown of YAP effectively reversed the above promoting effects of OE-VEGF (p < 0.01) and overexpression of YAP significantly reversed the inhibition effects of sh-VEGF on above cell function (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION In a high-glucose environment, YAP/TAZ can significantly promote the proliferation, migration and tube formation ability of hRECs, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of VEGF expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Li Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Xian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Long Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ding W, Yang X, Lai K, Jiang Y, Liu Y. The potential of therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial biogenesis for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:219-248. [PMID: 38485900 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a persistent metabolic disorder marked by deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or function, affecting various tissues and organs and leading to numerous complications. Mitochondrial biogenesis, the process by which cells generate new mitochondria utilizing existing ones plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and lipid handling. Recent evidence suggests that promoting mitochondrial biogenesis can alleviate insulin resistance in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle while improving pancreatic β-cell function. Moreover, enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis has been shown to ameliorate T2DM symptoms and may contribute to therapeutic effects for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. This review summarizes the intricate connection between mitochondrial biogenesis and T2DM, highlighting the potential of novel therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial biogenesis for T2DM treatment and its associated complications. It also discusses several natural products that exhibit beneficial effects on T2DM by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Kaiyi Lai
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Crespo-Garcia S, Fournier F, Diaz-Marin R, Klier S, Ragusa D, Masaki L, Cagnone G, Blot G, Hafiane I, Dejda A, Rizk R, Juneau R, Buscarlet M, Chorfi S, Patel P, Beltran PJ, Joyal JS, Rezende FA, Hata M, Nguyen A, Sullivan L, Damiano J, Wilson AM, Mallette FA, David NE, Ghosh A, Tsuruda PR, Dananberg J, Sapieha P. Therapeutic targeting of cellular senescence in diabetic macular edema: preclinical and phase 1 trial results. Nat Med 2024; 30:443-454. [PMID: 38321220 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Compromised vascular endothelial barrier function is a salient feature of diabetic complications such as sight-threatening diabetic macular edema (DME). Current standards of care for DME manage aspects of the disease, but require frequent intravitreal administration and are poorly effective in large subsets of patients. Here we provide evidence that an elevated burden of senescent cells in the retina triggers cardinal features of DME pathology and conduct an initial test of senolytic therapy in patients with DME. In cell culture models, sustained hyperglycemia provoked cellular senescence in subsets of vascular endothelial cells displaying perturbed transendothelial junctions associated with poor barrier function and leading to micro-inflammation. Pharmacological elimination of senescent cells in a mouse model of DME reduces diabetes-induced retinal vascular leakage and preserves retinal function. We then conducted a phase 1 single ascending dose safety study of UBX1325 (foselutoclax), a senolytic small-molecule inhibitor of BCL-xL, in patients with advanced DME for whom anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy was no longer considered beneficial. The primary objective of assessment of safety and tolerability of UBX1325 was achieved. Collectively, our data suggest that therapeutic targeting of senescent cells in the diabetic retina with a BCL-xL inhibitor may provide a long-lasting, disease-modifying intervention for DME. This hypothesis will need to be verified in larger clinical trials. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04537884 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Crespo-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- École d'optométrie, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédérik Fournier
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roberto Diaz-Marin
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sharon Klier
- UNITY Biotechnology, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Derek Ragusa
- UNITY Biotechnology, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Gael Cagnone
- Departments of Pediatrics Ophthalmology, and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Blot
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ikhlas Hafiane
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Agnieszka Dejda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rana Rizk
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rachel Juneau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Manuel Buscarlet
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah Chorfi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Jean-Sebastien Joyal
- Departments of Pediatrics Ophthalmology, and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Flavio A Rezende
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Masayuki Hata
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alex Nguyen
- UNITY Biotechnology, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Ariel M Wilson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédérick A Mallette
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Przemyslaw Sapieha
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- UNITY Biotechnology, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jun JH, Kim JS, Palomera LF, Jo DG. Dysregulation of histone deacetylases in ocular diseases. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:20-39. [PMID: 38151648 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Ocular diseases are a growing global concern and have a significant impact on the quality of life. Cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy are the most prevalent ocular diseases. Their prevalence and the global market size are also increasing. However, the available pharmacotherapy is currently limited. These diseases share common pathophysiological features, including neovascularization, inflammation, and/or neurodegeneration. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a class of enzymes that catalyze the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues of histone and nonhistone proteins. HDACs are crucial for regulating various cellular processes, such as gene expression, protein stability, localization, and function. They have also been studied in various research fields, including cancer, inflammatory diseases, neurological disorders, and vascular diseases. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between HDACs and ocular diseases, to identify a new strategy for pharmacotherapy. This review article explores the role of HDACs in ocular diseases, specifically focusing on diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and retinopathy of prematurity, as well as optic nerve disorders, such as glaucoma and optic neuropathy. Additionally, we explore the interplay between HDACs and key regulators of fibrosis and angiogenesis, such as TGF-β and VEGF, highlighting the potential of targeting HDAC as novel therapeutic strategies for ocular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Jun
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, CKD Research Institute, Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical Co., Yongin, 16995, Korea
| | - Jun-Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Leon F Palomera
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Soleimani M, Cheraqpour K, Koganti R, Djalilian AR. Cellular senescence and ophthalmic diseases: narrative review. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:3067-3082. [PMID: 37079093 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cellular senescence is a state of permanent growth arrest whereby a cell reaches its replicative limit. However, senescence can also be triggered prematurely in certain stressors including radiation, oxidative stress, and chemotherapy. This stress-induced senescence has been studied in the context of promoting inflammation, tumor development, and several chronic degenerative diseases of aging. Emerging research has elucidated the role of senescence in various ocular diseases. METHODS The literature search was performed using PubMed with using the query (senescence OR aging) AND (eye disease OR ocular disease OR ophthalmic disease OR cornea OR glaucoma OR cataract OR retina) on October 20th, 2022. No time restriction was proposed. Articles were excluded if they were not referenced in English. RESULTS Overall, 51 articles regarding senescence and ocular diseases were found and summarized in this study. Several signaling pathways have been implicated in the development of senescence. Currently, senescence has been linked to various corneal and retinal pathologies, as well as cataract and glaucoma. Given the number of pathologies, senolytics, which are small molecules with the ability to selective targeting of senescent cells, can be used as therapeutic or prophylactic agents. CONCLUSIONS Senescence has been shown to underlie the pathogenesis of numerous ocular diseases. The overall literature on senescence and ocular disease is growing rapidly. There is an ongoing debate whether or not cellular senescence detected in experiments contributes in a significant way to diseases. Research on understanding the mechanism of senescence from ocular cells and tissues is just beginning. Multiple animal models are required to test potential senolytics. Currently, no studies exist to date which have demonstrated the benefits of senolytic therapies in human studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Soleimani
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Cornea Service, Stem Cell Therapy and Corneal Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, 1855 W. Taylor Street, M/C 648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kasra Cheraqpour
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raghuram Koganti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali R Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Cornea Service, Stem Cell Therapy and Corneal Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, 1855 W. Taylor Street, M/C 648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chiu CC, Cheng KC, Lin YH, He CX, Bow YD, Li CY, Wu CY, Wang HMD, Sheu SJ. Prolonged Exposure to High Glucose Induces Premature Senescence Through Oxidative Stress and Autophagy in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2023; 71:21. [PMID: 37638991 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-023-00686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia involves persistent high-glucose exposure and correlates with retinal degeneration. It causes various diseases, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major cause of adult vision loss. Most in vitro studies have investigated the damaging short-term effects of high glucose exposure on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. DR is also a severe complication of diabetes. In this study, we established a model with prolonged high-glucose exposure (15 and 75 mM exogenous glucose for two months) to mimic RPE tissue pathophysiology in patients with hyperglycemia. Prolonged high-glucose exposure attenuated glucose uptake and clonogenicity in ARPE-19 cells. It also significantly increased reactive oxygen species levels and decreased antioxidant protein (superoxide dismutase 2) levels in RPE cells, possibly causing oxidative stress and DNA damage and impairing proliferation. Western blotting showed that autophagic stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and genotoxic stress were induced by prolonged high-glucose exposure in RPE cells. Despite a moderate apoptotic cell population detected using the Annexin V-staining assay, the increases in the senescence-associated proteins p53 and p21 and SA-β-gal-positive cells suggest that prolonged high-glucose exposure dominantly sensitized RPE cells to premature senescence. Comprehensive next-generation sequencing suggested that upregulation of oxidative stress and DNA damage-associated pathways contributed to stress-induced premature senescence of ARPE-19 cells. Our findings elucidate the pathophysiology of hyperglycemia-associated retinal diseases and should benefit the future development of preventive drugs. Prolonged high-glucose exposure downregulates glucose uptake and oxidative stress by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through regulation of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression. Autophagic stress, ER stress, and DNA damage stress (genotoxic stress) are also induced by prolonged high-glucose exposure in RPE cells. Consequently, multiple stresses induce the upregulation of the senescence-associated proteins p53 and p21. Although both apoptosis and premature senescence contribute to high glucose exposure-induced anti-proliferation of RPE cells, the present work shows that premature senescence rather than apoptosis is the dominant cause of RPE degeneration, eventually leading to the pathogenesis of DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiung Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Xi He
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ding Bow
- Ph.D. Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Jiuan Sheu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vyas H, Vohra A, Upadhyay K, Thounaojam M, Jadeja R, Dalvi N, Bartoli M, Devkar R. miR34a-5p impedes CLOCK expression in chronodisruptive C57BL/6J mice and potentiates pro-atherogenic manifestations. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283591. [PMID: 37561715 PMCID: PMC10414636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Altered circadian rhythms underlie manifestation of several cardiovascular disorders, however a little is known about the mediating biomolecules. Multiple transcriptional-translational feedback loops control circadian-clockwork wherein; micro RNAs (miRNAs) are known to manifest post transcriptional regulation. This study assesses miR34a-5p as a mediating biomolecule. METHOD 8-10-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (n = 6/group) were subjected to photoperiodic manipulation induced chronodisruption and thoracic aortae were examined for miRNA, gene (qPCR) and protein (Immunoblot) expression studies. Histomorphological changes were assessed for pro-atherogenic manifestations (fibrillar arrangement, collagen/elastin ratio, intima-media thickening). Computational studies for miRNA-mRNA target prediction were done using TargetScan and miRDB. Correlative in vitro studies were done in serum synchronized HUVEC cells. Time point based studies were done at five time points (ZT 0, 6, 12, 18, 24) in 24h. RESULTS Chronodisruption induced hypomethylation in the promoter region of miR34a-5p, in the thoracic aortae, culminating in elevated miRNA titers. In a software-based detection of circadian-clock-associated targets of miR34a-5p, Clock and Sirt1 genes were identified. Moreover, miR34a-5p exhibited antagonist circadian oscillations to that of its target genes CLOCK and SIRT1 in endothelial cells. Luciferase reporter gene assay further showed that miR34a-5p interacts with the 3'UTR of the Clock gene to lower its expression, disturbing the operation of positive arm of circadian clock system. Elevated miR34a-5p and impeded SIRT1 expression in a chronodisruptive aortae exhibited pro-atherogenic changes observed in form of gene expression, increased collagen/elastin ratio, fibrillar derangement and intimal-media thickening. CONCLUSION The study reports for the first time chronodisruption mediated miR34a-5p elevation, its circadian expression and interaction with the 3'UTR of Clock gene to impede its expression. Moreover, elevated miR34a-5p and lowered SIRT1 expression in the chronodisruptive aortae lead off cause-consequence relationship of chronodisruption mediated proatherogenic changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitarthi Vyas
- Division of Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Aliasgar Vohra
- Division of Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Kapil Upadhyay
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Menaka Thounaojam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ravirajsinh Jadeja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Nilay Dalvi
- Division of Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Manuela Bartoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ranjitsinh Devkar
- Division of Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu Y, Tan JK, Wong SK, Goon JA. Therapeutic Effects of microRNAs on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119168. [PMID: 37298120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a global health problem that affects people even at young ages due to unhealthy lifestyles. Without intervention, NAFLD will develop into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and eventually liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although lifestyle interventions are therapeutic, effective implementation remains challenging. In the efforts to establish effective treatment for NAFLD/NASH, microRNA (miRNA)-based therapies began to evolve in the last decade. Therefore, this systematic review aims to summarize current knowledge on the promising miRNA-based approaches in NAFLD/NASH therapies. A current systematic evaluation and a meta-analysis were conducted according to the PRISMA statement. In addition, a comprehensive exploration of PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases was conducted to perform article searches. A total of 56 different miRNAs were reported as potential therapeutic agents in these studies. miRNA-34a antagonist/inhibitor was found to be the most studied variant (n = 7), and it significantly improved the hepatic total cholesterol, total triglyceride, Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and Alanine Transaminase (ALT) levels based on a meta-analysis. The biological processes mediated by these miRNAs involved hepatic fat accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis. miRNAs have shown enormous therapeutic potential in the management of NAFLD/NASH, wherein miRNA-34a antagonist has been found to be an exceptional potential agent for the treatment of NAFLD/NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhi Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jo Aan Goon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kowluru RA, Alka K. Mitochondrial Quality Control and Metabolic Memory Phenomenon Associated with Continued Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098076. [PMID: 37175784 PMCID: PMC10179288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy continues to progress even when hyperglycemia is terminated, suggesting a 'metabolic memory' phenomenon. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy, and mitochondria remain dysfunctional. Quality control of mitochondria requires a fine balance between mitochondrial fission-fusion, removal of the damaged mitochondria (mitophagy) and formation of new mitochondria (biogenesis). In diabetes, while mitochondrial fusion protein (Mfn2) is decreased, fission protein (Drp1) is increased, resulting in fragmented mitochondria. Re-institution of normal glycemia fails to reverse mitochondrial fragmentation, and dysfunctional mitochondria continue to accumulate. Our aim was to investigate the direct effect of regulation of the mitochondrial fusion process during normal glycemia that follows a high glucose insult on mitochondrial quality control in the 'metabolic memory' phenomenon. Human retinal endothelial cells, incubated in 20 mM glucose for four days, followed by 5 mM glucose for four additional days, with or without the Mfn2 activator leflunomide, were analyzed for mitochondrial fission (live cell imaging), mitophagy (flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy), and mitochondrial mass (mitochondrial copy numbers and MitoTracker labeling). Mitochondrial health was determined by quantifying mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), respiration rate (Seahorse XF96) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage. Addition of leflunomide during normal glucose exposure that followed high glucose prevented mitochondrial fission, facilitated mitophagy and increased mitochondrial mass. Glucose-induced decrease in mitochondrial respiration and increase in ROS and mtDNA damage were also prevented. Thus, direct regulation of mitochondrial dynamics can help maintain mitochondrial quality control and interfere with the metabolic memory phenomenon, preventing further progression of diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renu A Kowluru
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kumari Alka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vyas HS, Jadeja RN, Vohra A, Upadhyay KK, Thounaojam MC, Bartoli M, Devkar RV. CORM-A1 Alleviates Pro-Atherogenic Manifestations via miR-34a-5p Downregulation and an Improved Mitochondrial Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12050997. [PMID: 37237862 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12050997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherogenesis involves multiple cell types undergoing robust metabolic processes resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and consequent oxidative stress. Carbon monoxide (CO) has been recently explored for its anti-atherogenic potency; however, the effects of CO on ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction in atherosclerosis remain unexplored. Herein, we describe the anti-atherogenic efficacy of CORM-A1, a CO donor, in in vitro (ox-LDL-treated HUVEC and MDMs) and in vivo (atherogenic diet-fed SD rats) experimental models. In agreement with previous data, we observed elevated miR-34a-5p levels in all our atherogenic model systems. Administration of CO via CORM-A1 accounted for positive alterations in the expression of miR-34a-5p and transcription factors/inhibitors (P53, NF-κB, ZEB1, SNAI1, and STAT3) and DNA methylation pattern, thereby lowering its countenance in atherogenic milieu. Inhibition of miR-34a-5p expression resulted in restoration of SIRT-1 levels and of mitochondrial biogenesis. CORM-A1 supplementation further accounted for improvement in cellular and mitochondrial antioxidant capacity and subsequent reduction in ROS. Further and most importantly, CORM-A1 restored cellular energetics by improving overall cellular respiration in HUVECs, as evidenced by restored OCR and ECAR rates, whereas a shift from non-mitochondrial to mitochondrial respiration was observed in atherogenic MDMs, evidenced by unaltered glycolytic respiration and maximizing OCR. In agreement with these results, CORM-A1 treatment also accounted for elevated ATP production in both in vivo and in vitro experimental models. Cumulatively, our studies demonstrate for the first time the mechanism of CORM-A1-mediated amelioration of pro-atherogenic manifestations through inhibition of miR-34a-5p expression in the atherogenic milieu and consequential rescue of SIRT1-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitarthi S Vyas
- Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India
| | - Ravirajsinh N Jadeja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Aliasgar Vohra
- Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India
| | - Kapil K Upadhyay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Menaka C Thounaojam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Manuela Bartoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ranjitsinh V Devkar
- Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cai Z, Liu M, Zeng L, Zhao K, Wang C, Sun T, Li Z, Liu R. Role of traditional Chinese medicine in ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction via non-coding RNA signaling: Implication in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1123188. [PMID: 36937876 PMCID: PMC10014574 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1123188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are common chronic disorders associated with progressive nervous system damage, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, among others. Mitochondria are abundant in various nervous system cells and provide a bulk supply of the adenosine triphosphate necessary for brain function, considered the center of the free-radical theory of aging. One common feature of NDs is mitochondrial dysfunction, which is involved in many physiopathological processes, including apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and calcium homeostasis. Recently, genetic studies revealed extensive links between mitochondrion impairment and dysregulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the pathology of NDs. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been used for thousands of years in treating NDs. Numerous modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of prescription, herbal medicine, bioactive ingredients, and monomer compounds of TCMs, which are important for managing the symptoms of NDs. Some highly effective TCMs exert protective effects on various key pathological features regulated by mitochondria and play a pivotal role in recovering disrupted signaling pathways. These disrupted signaling pathways are induced by abnormally-expressed ncRNAs associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, including microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs. In this review, we first explored the underlying ncRNA mechanisms linking mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration, demonstrating the implication of ncRNA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of NDs. The ncRNA-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions affect mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, autophagy, Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, and downstream apoptosis. The review also discussed the targeting of the disease-related mitochondrial proteins in NDs and the protective effects of TCM formulas with definite composition, standardized extracts from individual TCMs, and monomeric compounds isolated from TCM. Additionally, we explored the ncRNA regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction in NDs and the effects and potential mechanisms of representative TCMs in alleviating mitochondrial pathogenesis and conferring anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic pathways against NDs. Therefore, this review presents an overview of the role of mitochondrion-related ncRNAs and the target genes for TCM-based therapeutic interventions in NDs, providing insight into understanding the "multi-level compound-target-pathway regulatory" treatment mechanism of TCMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rui Liu
- *Correspondence: Zhuorong Li, ; Rui Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zeng Y, Cui Z, Chen J, Tang S. Investigating the Function of MicroRNAs in Human Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells of Diabetic Retinopathy. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2678:199-205. [PMID: 37326716 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3255-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the main complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Recent studies have implicated microRNAs dysfunction in human retinal microvascular endothelial cell (HRMEC). In this study, we aim to investigate the apoptotic promotion of miR-29b-3p by blocking SIRT1 in HRMEC for DR situation. To identify the regulating relationship between miR-29b-3p and SIRT1, HRMECs were transfected with miR-29b-3p mimics/inhibitors or their negative controls. Cell viability was assessed with the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and apoptotic cells were stained by one-step TUNEL assay kit. Gene and protein expression were assayed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting separately. Dual-luciferase reporter assay using HEK293T cells was performed to show the direct interaction of miR-29b-3p and the 3'-UTR of SIRT1. HRMECs were identified as >95% positive for CD31 and vWF. Upregulated miR-29b-3p decreased the expression of SIRT1 and increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, while downregulated miR-29b-3p increased the expression of SIRT1 protein and downregulated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed the direct interaction of miR-29b-3p and SIRT1. The dysregulation of miR-29b-3p/SIRT1 is a potential mechanism of HRMEC apoptosis in DR. miR-29b-3p/SIRT1 may be a potential therapeutic target for DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zeng
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zekai Cui
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shibo Tang
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wen J, Liu C, Deng C. Research progress on the mechanism of aging of vascular endothelial cells and the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32248. [PMID: 36626478 PMCID: PMC9750530 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular senescence is the basic factor of many cardiovascular diseases. Vascular endothelium, as a protective barrier between blood and vascular wall, plays an important role in maintaining the integrity and homeostasis of vascular system. Endothelial cell senescence is an important pathological change of vascular senescence. In recent years, more and more studies have been conducted on vascular endothelial cell senescence, especially on its mechanism. Many research results showed that the mechanism is various, but the systematic elucidation still lacks. Western medicine has little choice in the prevention and treatment of endothelial cell senescence, and the control effect is also limited, while Chinese medicine makes up for the deficiency in this regard. The main mechanisms of vascular endothelial cell aging and the related research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of vascular endothelial aging in recent years were summarized in this paper to provide reference for the research of traditional Chinese medicine in anti-vascular aging and the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wen
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Changqing Deng
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * Correspondence: Changqing Deng, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bertelli PM, Pedrini E, Hughes D, McDonnell S, Pathak V, Peixoto E, Guduric-Fuchs J, Stitt AW, Medina RJ. Long term high glucose exposure induces premature senescence in retinal endothelial cells. Front Physiol 2022; 13:929118. [PMID: 36091370 PMCID: PMC9459081 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.929118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Features of cellular senescence have been described in diabetic retinal vasculature. The aim of this study was to investigate how the high glucose microenvironment impacts on the senescence program of retinal endothelial cells. Methods: Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells were cultured under control and high glucose conditions of 5 mM and 25 mM D-glucose, respectively. Isomeric l-glucose was used as the osmotic control. Cells were counted using CASY technology until they reached their Hayflick limit. Senescence-associated β-Galactosidase was used to identify senescent cells. Endothelial cell functionality was evaluated by the clonogenic, 3D tube formation, and barrier formation assays. Cell metabolism was characterized using the Seahorse Bioanalyzer. Gene expression analysis was performed by bulk RNA sequencing. Retinal tissues from db/db and db/+ mice were evaluated for the presence of senescent cells. Publicly available scRNA-sequencing data for retinas from Akimba and control mice was used for gene set enrichment analysis. Results: Long term exposure to 25 mM D-Glucose accelerated the establishment of cellular senescence in human retinal endothelial cells when compared to 5 mM D-glucose and osmotic controls. This was shown from 4 weeks, by a significant slower growth, higher percentages of cells positive for senescence-associated β-galactosidase, an increase in cell size, and lower expression of pRb and HMGB2. These senescence features were associated with decreased clonogenic capacity, diminished tubulogenicity, and impaired barrier function. Long term high glucose-cultured cells exhibited diminished glycolysis, with lower protein expression of GLUT1, GLUT3, and PFKFB3. Transcriptomic analysis, after 4 weeks of culture, identified downregulation of ALDOC, PFKL, and TPI1, in cells cultured with 25 mM D-glucose when compared to controls. The retina from db/db mice showed a significant increase in acellular capillaries associated with a significant decrease in vascular density in the intermediate and deep retinal plexuses, when compared to db/+ mice. Senescent endothelial cells within the db/db retinal vasculature were identified by senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining. Analysis of single cell transcriptomics data for the Akimba mouse retina highlighted an enrichment of senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype gene signatures when compared to control mice. Conclusion: A diabetic-like microenvironment of 25 mM D-glucose was sufficient to accelerate the establishment of cellular senescence in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Reinhold J. Medina
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health, and Life Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao X, Ling F, Zhang GW, Yu N, Yang J, Xin XY. The Correlation Between MicroRNAs and Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:941982. [PMID: 35958584 PMCID: PMC9358975 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.941982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs), as a category of post-transcriptional gene inhibitors, have a wide range of biological functions, are involved in many pathological processes, and are attractive therapeutic targets. Considerable evidence in ophthalmology indicates that miRNAs play an important role in diabetic retinopathy (DR), especially in inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration. Targeting specific miRNAs for the treatment of DR has attracted much attention. This is a review focusing on the pathophysiological roles of miRNAs in DR, diabetic macular edema, and proliferative DR complex multifactorial retinal diseases, with particular emphasis on how miRNAs regulate complex molecular pathways and underlying pathomechanisms. Moreover, the future development potential and application limitations of therapy that targets specific miRNAs for DR are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospita, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Feng Ling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospita, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Guang wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Scientific research, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospita, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Biology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Yang, ; Xiang yang Xin,
| | - Xiang yang Xin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospita, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Yang, ; Xiang yang Xin,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ghafouri-Fard S, Khoshbakht T, Hussen BM, Baniahmad A, Branicki W, Taheri M, Eghbali A. Emerging Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Senescence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:869011. [PMID: 35865636 PMCID: PMC9294638 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.869011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is defined as a gradual weakening of functional features of a living organism. Cellular senescence is a process that is principally aimed to remove undesirable cells by prompting tissue remodeling. This process is also regarded as a defense mechanism induced by cellular damage. In the course of oncogenesis, senescence can limit tumor progression. However, senescence participates in the pathoetiology of several disorders such as fibrotic disorders, vascular disorders, diabetes, renal disorders and sarcopenia. Recent studies have revealed contribution of different classes of non-coding RNAs in the cellular senescence. Long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs and circular RNAs are three classes of these transcripts whose contributions in this process have been more investigated. In the current review, we summarize the available literature on the impact of these transcripts in the cellular senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Khoshbakht
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
- Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospitals, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Aria Baniahmad, ; Mohammad Taheri, ; Ahmad Eghbali,
| | - Wojciech Branicki
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospitals, Jena, Germany
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Aria Baniahmad, ; Mohammad Taheri, ; Ahmad Eghbali,
| | - Ahmad Eghbali
- Anesthesiology Research Center, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Aria Baniahmad, ; Mohammad Taheri, ; Ahmad Eghbali,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jia YZ, Liu J, Wang GQ, Song ZF. miR-484: A Potential Biomarker in Health and Disease. Front Oncol 2022; 12:830420. [PMID: 35356223 PMCID: PMC8959652 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.830420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Disorders of miR-484 expression are observed in cancer, different diseases or pathological states. There is accumulating evidence that miR-484 plays an essential role in the development as well as the regression of different diseases, and miR-484 has been reported as a key regulator of common cancer and non-cancer diseases. The miR-484 targets that have effects on inflammation, apoptosis and mitochondrial function include SMAD7, Fis1, YAP1 and BCL2L13. For cancer, identified targets include VEGFB, VEGFR2, MAP2, MMP14, HNF1A, TUSC5 and KLF12. The effects of miR-484 on these targets have been documented separately. Moreover, miR-484 is typically described as an oncosuppressor, but this claim is simplistic and one-sided. This review will combine relevant basic and clinical studies to find that miR-484 promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis in liver, prostate and lung tissues. It will provide a basis for the possible mechanisms of miR-484 in early tumor diagnosis, prognosis determination, disease assessment, and as a potential therapeutic target for tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Zhao Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Geng-Qiao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi-Fang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhou X, Wang L, Zhang Z, Liu J, Qu Q, Zu Y, Shi D. Fluorometholone inhibits high glucose-induced cellular senescence in human retinal endothelial cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221076107. [PMID: 35264022 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221076107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common diabetic complication that severely impacts the life quality of diabetic patients. Recently, cellular senescence in human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) induced by high glucose has been linked to the pathogenesis of DR. Fluorometholone (FML) is a glucocorticoid drug applied in the treatment of inflammatory and allergic disorders of the eye. The objective of the present study is to investigate the protective function of FML on high glucose-induced cellular senescence in HRECs. The in vitro injury model was established by stimulating HRECs with 30 mm glucose. After evaluating the cytotoxicity of FML in HRECs, 0.05% and 0.1% FML were used as the optimal concentration in the entire experiment. It was found that the excessive released inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in HRECs induced by high glucose were significantly suppressed by FML, accompanied by the inhibitory effects on the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tissue factor (TF). Declined telomerase activity and enhanced senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity were found in high glucose-challenged HRECs, which were dramatically alleviated by FML, accompanied by the inactivation of the p53/p21 and retinoblastoma (Rb) signaling. Interestingly, FML ameliorated high glucose-induced dephosphorylation of Akt. Lastly, the protective effects of FML against high glucose-induced cellular senescence in HRECs were abolished by the co-treatment of the PI3K/Akt signaling inhibitor LY294002, suggesting the involvement of this pathway. Taken together, these data revealed that FML-inhibited high glucose-induced cellular senescence mediated by Akt in HERCs, suggesting a novel molecular mechanism of FML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ringgoldid: 117842Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ringgoldid: 194024The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ringgoldid: 117842Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ringgoldid: 117842Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Qun Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ringgoldid: 117842Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ringgoldid: 117842Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Dejing Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ringgoldid: 194024The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Potential Combination Drug Therapy to Prevent Redox Stress and Mitophagy Dysregulation in Retinal Müller Cells under High Glucose Conditions: Implications for Diabetic Retinopathy. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9040091. [PMID: 34940029 PMCID: PMC8700204 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia-induced thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression, associated oxidative/nitrosative stress (ROS/RNS), and mitochondrial dysfunction play critical roles in the etiology of diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, there is no effective drug treatment to prevent or slow down the progression of DR. The purpose of this study is to examine if a combination drug treatment targeting TXNIP and the mitochondria-lysosome pathway prevents high glucose-induced mitochondrial stress and mitophagic flux in retinal Müller glial cells in culture, relevant to DR. We show that diabetes induces TXNIP expression, redox stress, and Müller glia activation (gliosis) in rat retinas when compared to non-diabetic rat retinas. Furthermore, high glucose (HG, 25 mM versus low glucose, LG 5.5 mM) also induces TXNIP expression and mitochondrial stress in a rat retinal Müller cell line, rMC1, in in vitro cultures. Additionally, we develop a mitochondria-targeted mCherry and EGFP probe tagged with two tandem COX8a mitochondrial target sequences (adenovirus-CMV-2×mt8a-CG) to examine mitophagic flux in rMC1. A triple drug combination treatment was applied using TXNIP-IN1 (which inhibits TXNIP interaction with thioredoxin), Mito-Tempo (mitochondrial anti-oxidant), and ML-SA1 (lysosome targeted activator of transient calcium channel MCOLN1/TRPML1 and of transcription factor TFEB) to study the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis dysregulation. We found that HG induces TXNIP expression, redox stress, and mitophagic flux in rMC1 versus LG. Treatment with the triple drug combination prevents mitophagic flux and restores transcription factor TFEB and PGC1α nuclear localization under HG, which is critical for lysosome biosynthesis and mitogenesis, respectively. Our results demonstrate that 2×mt8a-CG is a suitable probe for monitoring mitophagic flux, both in live and fixed cells in in vitro experiments, which may also be applicable to in vivo animal studies, and that the triple drug combination treatment has the potential for preventing retinal injury and disease progression in diabetes.
Collapse
|
21
|
Begum MK, Konja D, Singh S, Chlopicki S, Wang Y. Endothelial SIRT1 as a Target for the Prevention of Arterial Aging: Promises and Challenges. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:S63-S77. [PMID: 34840264 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT SIRT1, a member of the sirtuin family of longevity regulators, possesses potent activities preventing vascular aging. The expression and function of SIRT1 in endothelial cells are downregulated with age, in turn causing early vascular aging and predisposing various vascular abnormalities. Overexpression of SIRT1 in the vascular endothelium prevents aging-associated endothelial dysfunction and senescence, thus the development of hypertension and atherosclerosis. Numerous efforts have been directed to increase SIRT1 signaling as a potential strategy for different aging-associated diseases. However, the complex mechanisms underlying the regulation of SIRT1 have posed a significant challenge toward the design of specific and effective therapeutics. This review aimed to provide a summary on the regulation and function of SIRT1 in the vascular endothelium and to discuss the different approaches targeting this molecule for the prevention and treatment of age-related cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Musammat Kulsuma Begum
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- The Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daniels Konja
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- The Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sandeep Singh
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- The Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; and
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Yu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- The Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Narasimhan A, Flores RR, Robbins PD, Niedernhofer LJ. Role of Cellular Senescence in Type II Diabetes. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6345039. [PMID: 34363464 PMCID: PMC8386762 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a cell fate that occurs in response to numerous types of stress and can promote tissue repair or drive inflammation and disruption of tissue homeostasis depending on the context. Aging and obesity lead to an increase in the senescent cell burden in multiple organs. Senescent cells release a myriad of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors that directly mediate pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, adipose tissue dysfunction, and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, which promote the onset of type II diabetes mellitus. In addition, hyperglycemia and metabolic changes seen in diabetes promote cellular senescence. Diabetes-induced cellular senescence contributes to various diabetic complications. Thus, type II diabetes is both a cause and consequence of cellular senescence. This review summarizes recent studies on the link between aging, obesity, and diabetes, focusing on the role of cellular senescence in disease processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akilavalli Narasimhan
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 55455, USA
| | - Rafael R Flores
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 55455, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 55455, USA
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 55455, USA
- Correspondence: Laura J. Niedernhofer, MD, PhD, Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lu H, Jia C, Wu D, Jin H, Lin Z, Pan J, Li X, Wang W. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) alleviates senescence, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix degradation in osteoarthritis via the SIRT1-mTOR signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:865. [PMID: 34556628 PMCID: PMC8460788 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex condition that involves both apoptosis and senescence and currently cannot be cured. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), known for its role as a potent regulator of glucose and energy metabolism, protects from various diseases, possibly by mediating autophagy. In the present study, the role of FGF21 in the progression of OA was investigated in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro, the results revealed that FGF21 administration alleviated apoptosis, senescence, and extracellular matrix (ECM) catabolism of the chondrocytes induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) by mediating autophagy flux. Furthermore, CQ, an autophagy flux inhibitor, could reverse the protective effect of FGF21. It was observed that the FGF21-induced autophagy flux enhancement was mediated by the nuclear translocation of TFEB, which occurs due to the activation of the SIRT1-mTOR signaling pathway. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that FGF21 treatment could reduce OA in the DMM model. Taken together, these findings suggest that FGF21 protects chondrocytes from apoptosis, senescence, and ECM catabolism via autophagy flux upregulation and also reduces OA development in vivo, demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic agent in OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chao Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dengying Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haidong Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiucui Li
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China.
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
New Insight into the Effects of Metformin on Diabetic Retinopathy, Aging and Cancer: Nonapoptotic Cell Death, Immunosuppression, and Effects beyond the AMPK Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179453. [PMID: 34502359 PMCID: PMC8430477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Under metabolic stress conditions such as hypoxia and glucose deprivation, an increase in the AMP:ATP ratio activates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, resulting in the modulation of cellular metabolism. Metformin, which is widely prescribed for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, regulates blood sugar by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and promoting insulin sensitivity to facilitate glucose uptake by cells. At the molecular level, the most well-known mechanism of metformin-mediated cytoprotection is AMPK pathway activation, which modulates metabolism and protects cells from degradation or pathogenic changes, such as those related to aging and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Recently, it has been revealed that metformin acts via AMPK- and non-AMPK-mediated pathways to exert effects beyond those related to diabetes treatment that might prevent aging and ameliorate DR. This review focuses on new insights into the anticancer effects of metformin and its potential modulation of several novel types of nonapoptotic cell death, including ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. In addition, the antimetastatic and immunosuppressive effects of metformin and its hypothesized mechanism are also discussed, highlighting promising cancer prevention strategies for the future.
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang H, Su X, Zhang QQ, Zhang YY, Chu ZY, Zhang JL, Ren Q. MicroRNA-93-5p participates in type 2 diabetic retinopathy through targeting Sirt1. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:3837-3848. [PMID: 34313929 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of miR-93-5p in rats with type 2 diabetic retinopathy (DR) through targeting Sirt1. METHODS The targeting correlation between miR-93-5p and Sirt1 was validated by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat models were received intravitreal injection of antagomir NC (negative control), miR-93-5p antagomir, miR-93-5p agomir and/or recombinant Sirt1, followed by observation of pathological changes in retina via HE staining. Besides, retinal vascular permeability was determined by fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA), while the retinal vasculature was observed through retinal trypsin digestion. Expression of miR-93-5p and Sirt1 was measured by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, while the levels of VEGF, proinflammatory cytokines and anti-oxidative indicators were determined using corresponding kits. RESULTS MiR-93-5p could target Sirt1 as analyzed by the luciferase reporter gene assay. Rats in the T2DM group presented the up-regulation of miR-93-5p and down-regulation of Sirt1 in the retina, and miR-93-5p inhibition could up-regulate Sirt1 expression in the T2DM rats. Recombinant Sirt1 decreased retinal vascular permeability and acellular capillaries with improved pathological changes in retina from T2DM rats, which was abolished by miR-93-5p agomir. Moreover, miR-93-5p inhibition or Sirt1 overexpression decreased the levels of VEGF and proinflammatory cytokines while enhancing the activity of anti-oxidative indicators. However, indicators above had no significant differences between T2DM group and T2DM + agomir + Sirt1 group. CONCLUSION MiR-93-5p, via targeting Sirt1, could affect the vascular permeability and acellular capillaries and mitigate the inflammation and oxidative stress in the retinas, which may play a critical role in DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, No. 365, Jianhua South Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050030, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xian Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, No. 365, Jianhua South Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050030, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, No. 365, Jianhua South Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050030, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, No. 365, Jianhua South Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050030, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhan-Ya Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, No. 365, Jianhua South Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050030, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jin-Ling Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, No. 365, Jianhua South Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050030, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, No. 365, Jianhua South Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050030, Hebei Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Carrella S, Massa F, Indrieri A. The Role of MicroRNAs in Mitochondria-Mediated Eye Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653522. [PMID: 34222230 PMCID: PMC8249810 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The retina is among the most metabolically active tissues with high-energy demands. The peculiar distribution of mitochondria in cells of retinal layers is necessary to assure the appropriate energy supply for the transmission of the light signal. Photoreceptor cells (PRs), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) present a great concentration of mitochondria, which makes them particularly sensitive to mitochondrial dysfunction. To date, visual loss has been extensively correlated to defective mitochondrial functions. Many mitochondrial diseases (MDs) show indeed neuro-ophthalmic manifestations, including retinal and optic nerve phenotypes. Moreover, abnormal mitochondrial functions are frequently found in the most common retinal pathologies, i.e., glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR), that share clinical similarities with the hereditary primary MDs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are established as key regulators of several developmental, physiological, and pathological processes. Dysregulated miRNA expression profiles in retinal degeneration models and in patients underline the potentiality of miRNA modulation as a possible gene/mutation-independent strategy in retinal diseases and highlight their promising role as disease predictive or prognostic biomarkers. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge about the participation of miRNAs in both rare and common mitochondria-mediated eye diseases. Definitely, given the involvement of miRNAs in retina pathologies and therapy as well as their use as molecular biomarkers, they represent a determining target for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Filomena Massa
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Indrieri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy.,Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ciesielska S, Slezak-Prochazka I, Bil P, Rzeszowska-Wolny J. Micro RNAs in Regulation of Cellular Redox Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6022. [PMID: 34199590 PMCID: PMC8199685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In living cells Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) participate in intra- and inter-cellular signaling and all cells contain specific systems that guard redox homeostasis. These systems contain both enzymes which may produce ROS such as NADPH-dependent and other oxidases or nitric oxide synthases, and ROS-neutralizing enzymes such as catalase, peroxiredoxins, thioredoxins, thioredoxin reductases, glutathione reductases, and many others. Most of the genes coding for these enzymes contain sequences targeted by micro RNAs (miRNAs), which are components of RNA-induced silencing complexes and play important roles in inhibiting translation of their targeted messenger RNAs (mRNAs). In this review we describe miRNAs that directly target and can influence enzymes responsible for scavenging of ROS and their possible role in cellular redox homeostasis. Regulation of antioxidant enzymes aims to adjust cells to survive in unstable oxidative environments; however, sometimes seemingly paradoxical phenomena appear where oxidative stress induces an increase in the levels of miRNAs which target genes which are supposed to neutralize ROS and therefore would be expected to decrease antioxidant levels. Here we show examples of such cellular behaviors and discuss the possible roles of miRNAs in redox regulatory circuits and further cell responses to stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Ciesielska
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (P.B.); (J.R.-W.)
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | | | - Patryk Bil
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (P.B.); (J.R.-W.)
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Joanna Rzeszowska-Wolny
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (P.B.); (J.R.-W.)
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Paschou SA, Siasos G, Katsiki N, Tentolouris N, Tousoulis D. The Role of microRNAs in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Complications. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:5969-5979. [PMID: 33138753 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201102102233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs represent a class of small (19-25 nucleotides) single-strand pieces of RNA that are noncoding ones. They are synthesized by RNA polymerase II from transcripts that fold back on themselves. They mostly act as gene regulatory agents that pair with complementary sequences on mRNA and produce silencing complexes, which, in turn, suppress coding genes at a post-transcriptional level. There is now evidence that microRNAs may affect insulin secretion or insulin action, as they can alter pancreatic beta cells development, insulin production, as well as insulin signaling. Any molecular disorder that affects these pathways can deteriorate insulin resistance and lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) onset. Furthermore, the expression of several microRNAs is up- or down-regulated in the presence of diabetic microvascular complications (i.e., peripheral neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, foot ulcers), as well as in patients with coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. However, more evidence is needed, specifically regarding T2DM patients, to establish the use of such microRNAs as diagnostical biomarkers or therapeutic targets in daily practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula A Paschou
- Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527Athens, Greece
| | - Niki Katsiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Centre, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tousoulis
- Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Paul S, Saha D, Bk B. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Mitophagy Closely Cooperate in Neurological Deficits Associated with Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3677-3691. [PMID: 33797062 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are known to be correlated in terms of their epidemiology, histopathology, and molecular and biochemical characteristics. The prevalence of T2D leading to AD is approximately 50-70%. Moreover, AD is often considered type III diabetes because of the common risk factors. Uncontrolled T2D may affect the brain, leading to memory and learning deficits in patients. In addition, metabolic disorders and impaired oxidative phosphorylation in AD and T2D patients suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in both diseases. The dysregulation of pathways involved in maintaining mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis and mitophagy are responsible for exacerbating the impact of hyperglycemia on the brain and neurodegeneration under T2D conditions. The first section of this review describes the recent views on mitochondrial dysfunction that connect these two disease conditions, as the pathways are observed to overlap. The second section of the review highlights the importance of different mitochondrial miRNAs (mitomiRs) involved in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and their association with the pathogenesis of T2D and AD. Therefore, targeting mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy pathways, along with the use of mitomiRs, could be a potent therapeutic strategy for T2D-related AD. The last section of the review highlights the known drugs targeting mitochondrial function for the treatment of both disease conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Paul
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Debarpita Saha
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Binukumar Bk
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Forte D, Barone M, Morsiani C, Simonetti G, Fabbri F, Bruno S, Bandini E, Sollazzo D, Collura S, Deregibus MC, Auteri G, Ottaviani E, Vianelli N, Camussi G, Franceschi C, Capri M, Palandri F, Cavo M, Catani L. Distinct profile of CD34 + cells and plasma-derived extracellular vesicles from triple-negative patients with Myelofibrosis reveals potential markers of aggressive disease. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:49. [PMID: 33522952 PMCID: PMC7849077 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Myelofibrosis (MF) is a clonal disorder of hemopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) with high prevalence in elderly patients and mutations in three driver genes (JAK2, MPL, or CALR). Around 10–15% of patients are triple-negative (TN) for the three driver mutations and display significantly worse survival. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in intercellular signaling and are increased in inflammation and cancer. To identify a biomolecular signature of TN patients, we comparatively evaluated the circulating HSPCs and their functional interplay with the microenvironment focusing on EV analysis. Methods Peripheral blood was collected from MF patients (n = 29; JAK2V617F mutation, n = 23; TN, n = 6) and healthy donors (HD, n = 10). Immunomagnetically isolated CD34+ cells were characterized by gene expression profiling analysis (GEP), survival, migration, and clonogenic ability. EVs were purified from platelet-poor plasma by ultracentrifugation, quantified using the Nanosight technology and phenotypically characterized by flow cytometry together with microRNA expression. Migration and survival of CD34+ cells from patients were also analyzed after in vitro treatments with selected inflammatory factors, i.e. (Interleukin (IL)-1β, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, IL6) or after co-culture with EVs from MF patients/HD. Results The absolute numbers of circulating CD34+ cells were massively increased in TN patients. We found that TN CD34+ cells show in vitro defective functions and are unresponsive to the inflammatory microenvironment. Of note, the plasma levels of crucial inflammatory cytokines are mostly within the normal range in TN patients. Compared to JAK2V617F-mutated patients, the GEP of TN CD34+ cells revealed distinct signatures in key pathways such as survival, cell adhesion, and inflammation. Importantly, we observed the presence of mitochondrial components within plasma EVs and a distinct phenotype in TN-derived EVs compared to the JAK2V617F-mutated MF patients and HD counterparts. Notably, TN EVs promoted the survival of TN CD34+ cells. Along with a specific microRNA signature, the circulating EVs from TN patients are enriched with miR-361-5p. Conclusions Distinct EV-driven signals from the microenvironment are capable to promote the TN malignant hemopoiesis and their further investigation paves the way toward novel therapeutic approaches for rare MF. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-020-01776-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Forte
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy. .,Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Martina Barone
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy.,Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Morsiani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Francesco Fabbri
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Samantha Bruno
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy.,Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erika Bandini
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Daria Sollazzo
- Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Collura
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Deregibus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre for Molecular Biotechnology and Centre for Research in Experimental Medicine, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Auteri
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy.,Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Ottaviani
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Vianelli
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre for Molecular Biotechnology and Centre for Research in Experimental Medicine, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging and Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Palandri
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy.,Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Catani
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy.,Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Singh LP, Yumnamcha T, Devi TS. Mitophagy, Ferritinophagy and Ferroptosis in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Under High Glucose Conditions: Implications for Diabetic Retinopathy and Age-Related Retinal Diseases. JOJ OPHTHALMOLOGY 2021; 8:77-85. [PMID: 35187384 PMCID: PMC8856657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a devastating disease leading to blindness among majority of working adults around the globe. Nonetheless, an effective treatment or cure for the disease is still to be achieved. This is because the cellular and molecular mechanisms of DR are complex and not fully understood yet. In this article, we describe how high glucose induced TXNIP upregulation and associated redox stress may cause mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy, ferritinophagy (iron release by autophagy) and lysosome destabilization. Labile irons react with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to generate hydroxyl radicals (.OH) by the Fenton reaction and cause membrane phospholipid peroxidation due to reduction in glutathione (GSH) level and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity, which cause ferroptosis, a recently identified non-apoptotic cell death mechanism. We used in this study a retinal pigment epithelial cell line, ARPE- 19 and exposed it to high glucose in in vitro cultures to highlight some of the intricacies of these cellular processes, which may be relevant to the pathogenesis of DR and age-related retinal neurodegenerative diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Pukhrambam Singh
- Corresponding author: Lalit Pukhrambam Singh, Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li W, Xiao H. Dihydromyricetin Alleviates High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells by Downregulating miR-34a Expression. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:387-397. [PMID: 33536772 PMCID: PMC7850407 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s290633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, which leads to neuronal and vascular dysfunction in the retina with a final outcome of complete loss of vision. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dihydromyricetin (DHM), a natural flavanol compound, on diabetic retinopathy (DR) and identify its potential mechanisms. METHODS Retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) treated with high glucose (HG) was used to simulate the DR model in vitro. After treatment with different concentrations of DHM, the cell viability, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the levels of oxidative stress-related markers in the in vitro model were detected using corresponding kits. Cell apoptosis was determined using terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and the expression of apoptotic proteins was examined using Western blot analysis. Subsequently, microRNA (miR)-34a expression was measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis were evaluated after miR-34a overexpression. RESULTS Results indicated that DHM dose-dependently elevated the decreased cell viability induced by HG. Moreover, the content of ROS was significantly reduced in HG-stimulated ARPE-19 cells, accompanied by enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) antioxidases, as well as concentration of glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, remarkably decreased apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells induced by HG was observed following DHM intervention. Importantly, HG stimulation notably upregulated miR-34a expression, which was reversed by DHM treatment. Importantly, the inhibitory effects of DHM on HG-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells were restored following miR-34a overexpression. CONCLUSION Taken together, this work demonstrated that DHM exerts protective effects on HG-induced oxidative stress and apoptotic damage in ARPE-19 cells via inhibition of miR-34a expression, providing a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300134, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingmen No. 2 People’s Hospital, Jingmen448000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hongxia Xiao Jingmen No. 2 People’s Hospital, 39 Xiangshan Avenue, Jingmen, Hubei448000, People’s Republic of China Email
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Helal HG, Rashed MH, Abdullah OA, Salem TI, Daifalla A. MicroRNAs (−146a, −21 and −34a) are diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for diabetic retinopathy. Biomed J 2020; 44:S242-S251. [PMID: 35304162 PMCID: PMC9068559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is implicated in blindness of diabetic patients. Early diagnosis of DR is very essential to ensure good prognosis. The role of microRNAs (miRs) as biomarker diagnostic tools in DR is not fully investigated. The present study aimed to find the relation between serum relative expression of microRNAs (miR-146a, miR-21 and miR-34a) and severity of DR and to what extent their expression pattern can be used as either diagnostic or prognostic. Methods Eighty type 2 diabetic patients were classified according to severity of DR into normal, mild, moderate, severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Serum relative expressions of miRNAs were evaluated by qPCR and statistically analysed in each stage using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tuckey-Kramer post-test. Results Serum relative expressions of miR-146a and miR-21 were increased with increased severity of DR. miR-34a decreased with the severity of DR. The expression pattern in each group in relation to normal fundus group could be diagnostic and prognostic where miR-146a was only increased in mild group and continued with the severity. In moderate group miR-21 start to increase along with slight decrease in miR-34a. In severe NPDR group along with highly increased levels of both miR-146a and miR-21, a marked decrease in miR-34a. In PDR group miR-34a was almost diminished along with very high levels of both miR-146a and miR-21. Conclusions miRs (−146a,-21 and-34a) are promising biomarkers in DR and can help to avoid disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hend Gouda Helal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed H Rashed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omnia Alsaied Abdullah
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Tamer Ibrahim Salem
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Daifalla
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ji Q, Han J, Wang L, Liu J, Dong Y, Zhu K, Shi L. MicroRNA-34a promotes apoptosis of retinal vascular endothelial cells by targeting SIRT1 in rats with diabetic retinopathy. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2886-2896. [PMID: 33064974 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1827509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MiR-34a is associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). This article aims to demystify the role of miR-34a in DR. We established a DR model by streptozocin injection. Rat retinal vascular endothelial cells (RVECs) were treated with high glucose (HG) to induce DR. The pathological changes of retinal tissues and blood-retinal vascular barrier permeability of DR rats were assessed by HE staining and Evans-Blue leak test. The expression of gene and protein was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR or western blot. MTT assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect proliferation and apoptosis. The relationship between miR-34a and SIRT1 was evaluated using luciferase reporter assay. MiR-34a was up-regulated and SIRT1 was down-regulated in retinal tissues of DR rats and HG-induced RVECs. MiR-34a silencing improved DR by regulating apoptosis and VEGF expression in DR rats. Furthermore, miR-34a interacted with SIRT1 and suppressed SIRT1 expression. MiR-34a overexpression inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of RVECs, which was effectively abolished by SIRT1 up-regulation. In summary, our data demonstrate that miR-34a promotes apoptosis of RVECs by targeting SIRT1 in DR rats. Our findings suggest that miR-34a/SIRT1 axis could be a valuable target for DR therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated First Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated First Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lisong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated First Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated First Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yiran Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated First Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated First Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated First Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang M, Zheng H, Zhou X, Zhang J, Shao G. miR-122 promotes diabetic retinopathy through targeting TIMP3. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2020; 24:275-281. [PMID: 33209201 PMCID: PMC7646554 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2020.1816580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a primary complication of diabetes mellitus. DR can cause severe vision loss for patients. miR-122 is elevated in DR patients, while its role in DR is unclear. Hence, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of miR-122 on the function of high glucose-induced REC cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, our results revealed that miR-122 was up-regulated in high glucose-induced human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19). High glucose decreased the cell viability of ARPE-19 cells, which was then restored by miR-122 knockdown. In addition, miR-122 knockdown suppressed apoptosis of high glucose-induced ARPE-19 cells. High glucose also inhibited B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) level and increased cleaved caspase-3 level in ARPE-19 cells, which were reversed by miR-122 knockdown. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP3) was a direct target of miR-122. TIMP3 was decreased in high glucose-induced ARPE-19 cells, and the decrease was abrogated by miR-122 knockdown. In addition, the effects of miR-122 overexpression in cell viability and apoptosis of high glucose-induced ARPE-19 were abolished by overexpression of TIMP3. In conclusion, the effect and mechanism of miR-122 on high glucose-induced ARPE-19 cells were demonstrated for the first time. miR-122 promoted diabetic retinopathy through targeting TIMP3, making miR-122 a promising target for diabetic retinopathy therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou Lin'an District People's Hospital, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifen Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou Lin'an District People's Hospital, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianbo Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou Lin'an District People's Hospital, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiwei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou Lin'an District People's Hospital, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongying Shengli Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongying City, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abouhish H, Thounaojam MC, Jadeja RN, Gutsaeva DR, Powell FL, Khriza M, Martin PM, Bartoli M. Inhibition of HDAC6 Attenuates Diabetes-Induced Retinal Redox Imbalance and Microangiopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070599. [PMID: 32660051 PMCID: PMC7402090 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the contributing role of the histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) to the early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Furthermore, we examined the mechanism of action of HDAC6 in human retinal endothelial cells (HuREC) exposed to glucidic stress. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ-rats), a rat model of type 1 diabetes, were used as model of DR. HDAC6 expression and activity were increased in human diabetic postmortem donors and STZ-rat retinas and were augmented in HuREC exposed to glucidic stress (25 mM glucose). Administration of the HDAC6 specific inhibitor Tubastatin A (TS) (10 mg/kg) prevented retinal microvascular hyperpermeability and up-regulation of inflammatory markers. Furthermore, in STZ-rats, TS decreased the levels of senescence markers and rescued the expression and activity of the histone deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), while downregulating the levels of free radicals and of the redox stress markers 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and nitrotyrosine (NT). The antioxidant effects of TS, consequent to HDAC6 inhibition, were associated with preservation of Nrf2-dependent gene expression and up-regulation of thioredoxin-1 activity. In vitro data, obtained from HuREC, exposed to glucidic stress, largely replicated the in vivo results further confirming the antioxidant effects of HDAC6 inhibition by TS in the diabetic rat retina. In summary, our data implicate HDAC6 activation in mediating hyperglycemia-induced retinal oxidative/nitrative stress leading to retinal microangiopathy and, potentially, DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossameldin Abouhish
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.A.); (M.C.T.); (D.R.G.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Menaka C. Thounaojam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.A.); (M.C.T.); (D.R.G.)
| | - Ravirajsinh N. Jadeja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (R.N.J.); (F.L.P.); (P.M.M.)
| | - Diana R. Gutsaeva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.A.); (M.C.T.); (D.R.G.)
| | - Folami L. Powell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (R.N.J.); (F.L.P.); (P.M.M.)
| | - Mohamed Khriza
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Pamela M. Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (R.N.J.); (F.L.P.); (P.M.M.)
| | - Manuela Bartoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.A.); (M.C.T.); (D.R.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +706-721-9797 or +706-721-7910; Fax: +706-721-9799
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang Y, Lin W, Ju J. MicroRNA-409-5p promotes retinal neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1314-1325. [PMID: 32292119 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1749484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal neovascularization, which is characterized by the increased proliferation, migration, and tube formation of retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs), contributes to the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). MiR-409-5p has been reported to be upregulated in peripheral blood of DR patients and in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced RMECs. However, the role of miR-409-5p in retinal neovascularization of DR remains unelucidated. METHOD The expression of miR-409-5p was measured in retinal tissues of streptozocin-induced and db/db diabetic mice, in high glucose-induced mouse RMECs (mRMECs), and in vitreous fluid of proliferative DR patients. Antagomir of miR-409-5p was intravitreally injected into diabetic mice. Proliferation, migration, and tube formation were detected using cell counting kit-8 assay, transwell assay, and microscope observation, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the direct interaction between miR-409-5p and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα). RESULT MiR-409-5p was upregulated in retinal tissues of diabetic mice, in high glucose-induced mRMECs, and in vitreous fluid of proliferative DR patients. The knockdown of miR-409-5p attenuated retinal neovascularization in vivo. The overexpression of miR-409-5p promotes the proliferation, migration, and tube formation, and increased VEGF expression and secretion, while the knockdown of miR-409-5p suppressed the VEGF-induced retinal neovascularization in vitro. PPARα is a downstream target of miR-409-5p, and PPARα overexpression negated the promotion of miR-409-5p overexpression on the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of mRMECs. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that miR-409-5p acted as a neovasculogenic factor in DR, and anti-miR-409-5p therapy may provide a novel strategy in treating DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Weihai Municipal Hospital , Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Wenwen Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Weihai Municipal Hospital , Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Jianghua Ju
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao) , Qingdao, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
PGC-1 α, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress: An Integrative View in Metabolism. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1452696. [PMID: 32215168 PMCID: PMC7085407 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1452696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α is a transcriptional coactivator described as a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and function, including oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species detoxification. PGC-1α is highly expressed in tissues with high energy demands, and it is clearly associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and its principal complications including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and hepatic steatosis. We herein review the molecular pathways regulated by PGC-1α, which connect oxidative stress and mitochondrial metabolism with inflammatory response and metabolic syndrome. PGC-1α regulates the expression of mitochondrial antioxidant genes, including manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxiredoxin 3 and 5, uncoupling protein 2, thioredoxin 2, and thioredoxin reductase and thus prevents oxidative injury and mitochondrial dysfunction. Dysregulation of PGC-1α alters redox homeostasis in cells and exacerbates inflammatory response, which is commonly accompanied by metabolic disturbances. During inflammation, low levels of PGC-1α downregulate mitochondrial antioxidant gene expression, induce oxidative stress, and promote nuclear factor kappa B activation. In metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by a chronic low grade of inflammation, PGC-1α dysregulation modifies the metabolic properties of tissues by altering mitochondrial function and promoting reactive oxygen species accumulation. In conclusion, PGC-1α acts as an essential node connecting metabolic regulation, redox control, and inflammatory pathways, and it is an interesting therapeutic target that may have significant benefits for a number of metabolic diseases.
Collapse
|
39
|
The Emerging Role of Senescence in Ocular Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2583601. [PMID: 32215170 PMCID: PMC7085400 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2583601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest in response to an array of cellular stresses. An important role for senescence has been shown for a number of pathophysiological conditions that include cardiovascular disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and diseases of the skin. However, whether senescence contributes to the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has not been studied in detail so far and the present review describes the recent research on this topic. We present an overview of the types of senescence, pathways of senescence, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), the role of mitochondria, and their functional implications along with antisenescent therapies. As a central mechanism, senescent cells can impact the surrounding tissue microenvironment via the secretion of a pool of bioactive molecules, termed the SASP. An updated summary of a number of new members of the ever-growing SASP family is presented. Further, we introduce the significance of mechanisms by which mitochondria may participate in the development of cellular senescence. Emerging evidence shows that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of the effects of senescent cells on their microenvironment. Based on recent studies, there is reasonable evidence that senescence could be a modifiable factor, and hence, it may be possible to delay age-related diseases by modulating basic aging mechanisms using SASP inhibitors/senolytic drugs. Thus, antisenescent therapies in aging and age-related diseases appear to have a promising potential.
Collapse
|
40
|
Is the Arginase Pathway a Novel Therapeutic Avenue for Diabetic Retinopathy? J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020425. [PMID: 32033258 PMCID: PMC7073619 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in working age Americans. Clinicians diagnose DR based on its characteristic vascular pathology, which is evident upon clinical exam. However, extensive research has shown that diabetes causes significant neurovascular dysfunction prior to the development of clinically apparent vascular damage. While laser photocoagulation and/or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies are often effective for limiting the late-stage vascular pathology, we still do not have an effective treatment to limit the neurovascular dysfunction or promote repair during the early stages of DR. This review addresses the role of arginase as a mediator of retinal neurovascular injury and therapeutic target for early stage DR. Arginase is the ureohydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the production of L-ornithine and urea from L-arginine. Arginase upregulation has been associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and peripheral vascular dysfunction in models of both types of diabetes. The arginase enzyme has been identified as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease and central nervous system disease including stroke and ischemic retinopathies. Here, we discuss and review the literature on arginase-induced retinal neurovascular dysfunction in models of DR. We also speculate on the therapeutic potential of arginase in DR and its related underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
|
41
|
Zeng Y, Cui Z, Liu J, Chen J, Tang S. MicroRNA-29b-3p Promotes Human Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cell Apoptosis via Blocking SIRT1 in Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1621. [PMID: 32063865 PMCID: PMC7000655 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a main complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Recent studies have implicated microRNAs in human retinal microvascular endothelial cell (HRMEC) dysfunction. In this study, we aim to investigate the apoptotic promotion of miR-29b-3p by blocking SIRT1 in HRMEC for DR situation. Method Blood samples were obtained from DR patients and controls. Dual-luciferase reporter assay using HEK-293T cells was performed to show the direct interaction of miR-29b-3p and the 3′UTR of SIRT1. HRMECs were exposed to 5.5 mmol/L of glucose (normal control), 5.5 mmol/L of glucose and 24.5 mmol/L of mannitol (osmotic pressure control), 30 mmol/L of glucose [hyperglycemia (HG)], 150 μmol/L of CoCl2 (hypoxia), and 30 mmol/L of glucose plus 150 μmol/L of CoCl2 (HG-CoCl2). To identify the regulating relationship between miR-29b-3p and SIRT1, HRMECs were transfected with miR-29b-3p mimics/inhibitors or their negative controls. SRT1720 was used as a SIRT1 agonist. Cell viability was assessed with the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and apoptotic cells were stained by one-step terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay kit. Gene and protein expression were assayed by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting separately. Result MiR-29b-3p was upregulated to 3.2-fold, and SIRT1 protein was downregulated to 65% in DR patients. Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed the direct interaction of miR-29b-3p and SIRT1. HRMECs were identified as >95% positive for CD31 and von Willebrand factor (vWF). MiR-29b-3p and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was upregulated, whereas SIRT1 was downregulated in HRMECs in the HG-CoCl2 condition. Decreased cell viability and upregulated apoptosis were also found in HRMECs of the HG-CoCl2 condition. Upregulated miR-29b-3p decreased the expression of SIRT1 and increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, whereas downregulated miR-29b-3p increased the expression of SIRT1 protein and downregulated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. SRT1720 rescued miR-29b-3p-induced HRMEC apoptosis via upregulating the expression of SIRT1 protein. Conclusion The dysregulation of miR-29b-3p/SIRT1 is a potential mechanism of HRMEC apoptosis in DR. MiR-29b-3p/SIRT1 may be a potential therapeutic target for DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zeng
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Jian Liu
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shibo Tang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Thounaojam MC, Bartoli M. MicroRNA-34a and vascular senescence in diabetes. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:11799-11800. [PMID: 31866581 PMCID: PMC6949098 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Menaka C Thounaojam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Manuela Bartoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| |
Collapse
|