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Asadi M, Ghasemnezhad M, Bakhshipour A, Olfati JA, Mirjalili MH. Predicting the quality attributes related to geographical growing regions in red-fleshed kiwifruit by data fusion of electronic nose and computer vision systems. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:13. [PMID: 38163882 PMCID: PMC10759769 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The ability of a data fusion system composed of a computer vision system (CVS) and an electronic nose (e-nose) was evaluated to predict key physiochemical attributes and distinguish red-fleshed kiwifruit produced in three distinct regions in northern Iran. Color and morphological features from whole and middle-cut kiwifruits, along with the maximum responses of the 13 metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensors of an e-nose system, were used as inputs to the data fusion system. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first two principal components (PCs) extracted from the e-nose features could effectively differentiate kiwifruit samples from different regions. The PCA-SVM algorithm achieved a 93.33% classification rate for kiwifruits from three regions based on data from individual e-nose and CVS. Data fusion increased the classification rate of the SVM model to 100% and improved the performance of Support Vector Regression (SVR) for predicting physiochemical indices of kiwifruits compared to individual systems. The data fusion-based PCA-SVR models achieved validation R2 values ranging from 90.17% for the Brix-Acid Ratio (BAR) to 98.57% for pH prediction. These results demonstrate the high potential of fusing artificial visual and olfactory systems for quality monitoring and identifying the geographical growing regions of kiwifruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Asadi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mahmood Ghasemnezhad
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Adel Bakhshipour
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Jamal-Ali Olfati
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Monitoring Botrytis cinerea Infection in Kiwifruit Using Electronic Nose and Machine Learning Techniques. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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An Improved Dictionary-Based Method for Gas Identification with Electronic Nose. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The dictionary learning algorithm has been successfully applied to electronic noses because of its high recognition rate. However, most dictionary learning algorithms use l0-norm or l1-norm to regularize the sparse coefficients, which means that the electronic nose takes a long time to test samples and results in the inefficiency of the system. Aiming at accelerating the recognition speed of the electronic nose system, an efficient dictionary learning algorithm is proposed in this paper where the algorithm performs a multi-column atomic update. Meanwhile, to solve the problem that the singular value decomposition of the k-means (K-SVD) dictionary has little discriminative power, a novel classification model is proposed, a coefficient matrix is achieved by a linear projection to the training sample, and a constraint is imposed where the coefficients in the same category should keep a large coefficient and be closer to their class centers while coefficients in the different categories should keep sparsity. The algorithm was evaluated and analyzed based on the comparisons of several traditional classification algorithms. When the dimension of the sample was larger than 10, the average recognition rate of the algorithm was maintained above 92%, and the average training time was controlled within 4 s. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm is an effective method for the development of an electronic nose.
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Kim SY, Ćurko J, Gajdoš Kljusurić J, Matošić M, Crnek V, López-Vázquez CM, Garcia HA, Brdjanović D, Valinger D. Use of near-infrared spectroscopy on predicting wastewater constituents to facilitate the operation of a membrane bioreactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129899. [PMID: 35534969 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in wastewater treatment has continuously expanded. As an alternative to conventional analytical methods for monitoring constituents in wastewater treatment processes, the use of NIR spectroscopy is considered to be cost-effective and less time-consuming. NIR spectroscopy does not distort the measured sample in any way as no prior treatment is required, making it a waste-free technique. On the negative side, one has to be very well versed with chemometric techniques to interpret the results. In this study, filtered and centrifuged wastewater and sludge samples from a lab-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) were analysed. Two analytical methods (conventional and NIR spectroscopy) were used to determine and compare major wastewater constituents. Particular attention was paid to soluble microbial products (SMPs) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) known to promote membrane fouling. The parameters measured by NIR spectroscopy were analysed and processed with partial least squares regression (PLSR) and artificial neural networks (ANN) models to assess whether the evaluated wastewater constituents can be monitored by NIR spectroscopy. Very good results were obtained with PLSR models, except for the determination of SMP, making the model qualitative rather than quantitative for their monitoring. ANN showed better performance in terms of correlation of NIR spectra with all measured parameters, resulting in correlation coefficients higher than 0.97 for training, testing, and validation in most cases. Based on the results of this research, the combination of NIR spectra and chemometric modelling offers advantages over conventional analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yeob Kim
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Josip Ćurko
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jasenka Gajdoš Kljusurić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Matošić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlado Crnek
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Carlos M López-Vázquez
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Hector A Garcia
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Damir Brdjanović
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Davor Valinger
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Sensitivity and Calibration of the FT-IR Spectroscopy on Concentration of Heavy Metal Ions in River and Borehole Water Sources. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals in water sources can threaten human life and the environment. The analysis time, need for chemical reagents, and sample amount per analysis assist in monitoring contaminants. Application of the Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy for the investigation of heavy metal elements has significantly developed due to its cost effectiveness and accuracy. Use of chemometric models such as Partial Least Square (PLS) and Principle Component Regression Analysis (PCA) relate the multiple spectral intensities from numerous calibration samples to the recognized analytes. This study focused on the FT-IR calibration and quantification of heavy metals (Ag, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in surveyed water sources. FT-IR measurements were compared with the atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) measurements. Quantitative analysis methods, PCA and PLS, were used in the FT-IR calibration. The spectral analyses were done using the Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR-FTIR) technique on three river and four borehole water sources sampled within two seasons in QwaQwa, South Africa (SA). The PLS models had good R2 values ranging from 0.95 to 1 and the PCA models ranged from 0.98 to 0.99. Significant differences were seen at 0.001 and 0.05 levels between the PLS and PCA models for detecting Cd and Pb in the water samples. The PCA models detected Ag concentrations more (˂0 mg L−1 on selected sites). Both the PLS and PCA models had lower detection only for Zn ions mostly above 45 mg L−1 deviating from the AAS measurements (<0.020 mg L−1). The FT-IR spectroscopy demonstrated good potential for heavy metal determination purposes.
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Sikka P, Nath A, Paul SS, Andonissamy J, Mishra DC, Rao AR, Balhara AK, Chaturvedi KK, Yadav KK, Balhara S. Inferring Relationship of Blood Metabolic Changes and Average Daily Gain With Feed Conversion Efficiency in Murrah Heifers: Machine Learning Approach. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:518. [PMID: 32984408 PMCID: PMC7492607 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Machine learning algorithms were employed for predicting the feed conversion efficiency (FCE), using the blood parameters and average daily gain (ADG) as predictor variables in buffalo heifers. It was observed that isotonic regression outperformed other machine learning algorithms used in study. Further, we also achieved the best performance evaluation metrics model with additive regression as the meta learner and isotonic regression as the base learner on 10-fold cross-validation and leaving-one-out cross-validation tests. Further, we created three separate partial least square regression (PLSR) models using all 14 parameters of blood and ADG as independent (explanatory) variables and FCE as the dependent variable, to understand the interactions of blood parameters, ADG with FCE each by inclusion of all FCE values (i), only higher FCE values (negative RFI) (ii), and inclusion of only lower FCE (positive RFI) values (iii). The PLSR model including only the higher FCE values was concluded the best, based on performance evaluation metrics as compared to PLSR models developed by inclusion of the lower FCE values and all types of FCE values. IGF1 and its interactions with the other blood parameters were found highly influential for higher FCE measures. The strength of the estimated interaction effects of the blood parameter in relation to FCE may facilitate understanding of intricate dynamics of blood parameters for growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sikka
- Animal Biochemistry, Division of Genetics and Breeding, Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes (ICAR), Hisar, India
| | - Abhigyan Nath
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Medical College, Pt. Deendayal Upadhyay Memorial Health Sciences and Ayush University of Chhatisgarh, Raipur, India
| | - Shyam Sundar Paul
- Poultry Nutrition, Directorate of Poultry Research (DPR), ICAR, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jerome Andonissamy
- Animal Biochemistry, Division of Genetics and Breeding, Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes (ICAR), Hisar, India
| | - Dwijesh Chandra Mishra
- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Atmakuri Ramakrishna Rao
- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Balhara
- Animal Biochemistry, Division of Genetics and Breeding, Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes (ICAR), Hisar, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Chaturvedi
- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Keerti Kumar Yadav
- Department of Bioinfromatics, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Patna, India
| | - Sunesh Balhara
- Animal Biochemistry, Division of Genetics and Breeding, Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes (ICAR), Hisar, India
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