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Refaie A, Bourauel C, Elshazly T, Evers-Dietze B, Alhotan A, Aldesoki M. Trueness and precision of digital light processing fabricated 3D printed monolithic zirconia crowns. J Dent 2024; 148:105151. [PMID: 38909644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to evaluate the trueness and precision of monolithic zirconia crowns (MZCs) fabricated by 3D printing and milling techniques. METHODS A premolar crown was designed after scanning a prepared typodont. Twenty MZCs were fabricated using milling and 3D-printing techniques (n = 10). All the specimens were scanned with an industrial scanner, and the scanned data were analyzed using 3D measurement software to evaluate the trueness and precision of each group. Root mean square (RMS) deviations were measured and statistically analyzed (One-way ANOVA, Tukey's, p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS The trueness of the printed MZC group (140 ± 14 μm) showed a significantly higher RMS value compared to the milled MZCs (96 ± 27 μm,p < 0.001). At the same time, the precision of the milled MZCs (61 ± 17 μm) showed a significantly higher RMS value compared to that of the printed MZCs (31 ± 5 μm,p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The Fabrication techniques had a significant impact on the accuracy of the MZCs. Milled MZCs showed the highest trueness, while printed MZCs showed the highest precision. All the results were within the clinically acceptable error values. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Although the trueness of the milled MZCs is higher, the manufacturing accuracy of the 3D-printed MZCs showed clinically acceptable results in terms of trueness and precision. However, additional clinical studies are recommended. Furthermore, the volumetric changes of the material should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Refaie
- Oral Technology, Dental School, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Fayoum University, Egypt.
| | | | - Tarek Elshazly
- Oral Technology, Dental School, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Evers-Dietze
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Technical Journalism (EMT), Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa Aldesoki
- Oral Technology, Dental School, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Dai J, Luo K, Liu Q, Unkovskiy A, Spintzyk S, Xu S, Li P. Post-processing of a 3D-printed denture base polymer: Impact of a centrifugation method on the surface characteristics, flexural properties, and cytotoxicity. J Dent 2024; 147:105102. [PMID: 38852693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of a centrifugation method on the surface characteristics, flexural properties, and cytotoxicity of an additively manufactured denture base polymer. METHODS The tested specimens were prepared by digital light processing (DLP). A centrifugation method (CENT) was used to remove the residual uncured resin. In addition, the specimens were post-processed with different post-rinsing solutions: isopropanol (IPA), ethanol (EtOH), and tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether (TPM), respectively. A commercial heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate was used as a reference (REF). First, the values of surface topography, arithmetical mean height (Sa), and root mean square height (Sq) were measured. Next, flexural strength (FS) and modulus were evaluated. Finally, cytotoxicity was assessed using an extract test. The data were statistically analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test for post-hoc analysis. RESULTS The Sa value in the CENT group was lower than in the IPA, EtOH, TPM, and REF groups (p < 0.001). Moreover, the CENT group had lower Sq values than other groups (p < 0.001). The centrifugation method showed a higher FS value (80.92 ± 8.65 MPa) than the EtOH (61.71 ± 12.25 MPa, p < 0.001) and TPM (67.01 ± 9.751 MPa, p = 0.027), while affecting IPA (72.26 ± 8.80 MPa, p = 0.268) and REF (71.39 ± 10.44 MPa, p = 0.231). Also, the centrifugation method showed no evident cytotoxic effects. CONCLUSIONS The surfaces treated with a centrifugation method were relatively smooth. Simultaneously, the flexural strength of denture base polymers was enhanced through centrifugation. Finally, no evident cytotoxic effects could be observed from different post-processing procedures. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The centrifugation method could optimize surface quality and flexural strength of DLP-printed denture base polymers without compromising cytocompatibility, offering an alternative to conventional rinsing post-processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Dai
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Ke Luo
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Alexey Unkovskiy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité - University Hospital, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, Berlin 14197, Germany; Department of Dental Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, 19с1, Moscow 119146, Russia
| | - Sebastian Spintzyk
- ADMiRE Lab - Additive Manufacturing, intelligent Robotics, Sensors and Engineering, School of Engineering and IT, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Europastraße 4, 9524 Villach, Austria
| | - Shulan Xu
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Çakmak G, Donmez MB, Molinero-Mourelle P, Kahveci Ç, Abou-Ayash S, Peutzfeldt A, Yilmaz B. Fracture resistance of additively or subtractively manufactured resin-based definitive crowns: Effect of restorative material, resin cement, and cyclic loading. Dent Mater 2024; 40:1072-1077. [PMID: 38777731 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate how restorative material, resin cement, and cyclic loading affect the fracture resistance of resin-based crowns fabricated by using additive or subtractive manufacturing. METHODS A right first molar crown standard tessellation language (STL) file was used to fabricate 120 crowns from one subtractively manufactured polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (SM) and two additively manufactured resin composites (AM-B and AM-S) (N = 40). These crowns were randomly divided into 4 groups within each material according to the dual-polymerizing resin cement to be used (RX and PN) and the aging condition (n = 10). After cementation, the crowns without cyclic loading were subjected to fracture testing, while the others were first cyclically loaded (1.7 Hz, 1.2 million cycles, and 49-N load) and then subjected to fracture testing. Data were analyzed with generalized linear model analysis (α = .05). RESULTS Fracture resistance of the crowns was affected by material, resin cement, and cyclic loading (P ≤ .030). However, none of the interactions significantly affected fracture resistance of tested crowns (P ≥ .140). Among tested materials, SM had the highest fracture resistance, whereas AM-B had the lowest (P ≤ .025). RX led to higher fracture resistance, and cyclic loading decreased the fracture resistance (P ≤ .026). SIGNIFICANCE Tested materials can be considered reliable in terms of fracture resistance in short- or mid-term (5 years of intraoral simulation) when used for single molar crowns with 2 mm occlusal thickness. In the long term, polymer-infiltrated ceramic network crowns cemented with RelyX Universal may provide promising results and be less prone to complications considering higher fracture resistance values obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülce Çakmak
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istinye University, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Pedro Molinero-Mourelle
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Samir Abou-Ayash
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne Peutzfeldt
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Dede DÖ, Çakmak G, Donmez MB, Küçükekenci AS, Lu WE, Ni AA, Yilmaz B. Effect of analysis software program on measured deviations in complete arch, implant-supported framework scans. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 132:211-218. [PMID: 37596157 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Implementation of fabrication trueness analysis by using a recently introduced nonmetrology-grade freeware program may help clinicians and dental laboratory technicians in their routine practice. However, knowledge of the performance of this freeware program when compared with the International Organization for Standardization recommended metrology-grade analysis software program is limited. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of an analysis software program on measured deviations in the complete arch, implant-supported framework scans. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 20 complete arch, implant-supported frameworks were fabricated from a master standard tessellation language (STL) file from either polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or titanium (Ti) (n=10). All frameworks were then digitized by using different scanners to generate test STLs. All STL files were imported into a nonmetrology-grade freeware program (Medit Link) and a metrology-grade software program (Geomagic Control X) to measure the overall and marginal deviations of frameworks from the master STL file by using the root mean square (RMS) method. Data were analyzed by using the two 1-sided paired t test procedure, in which 50 µm was considered as the minimal clinically meaningful difference (α=.05). RESULTS When overall RMS values were considered, the nonmetrology-grade freeware program was not inferior to the metrology-grade software program (P<.05). When marginal RMS values were considered, the nonmetrology-grade freeware program was inferior to the metrology-grade software program only when PEEK frameworks were scanned with an E4 laboratory scanner (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of the tested nonmetrology-grade freeware program resulted in overall deviation measurements similar to those when a metrology-grade software program was used. The freeware program was inferior when marginal deviations were analyzed on E4 scans of a PEEK framework, which was the only scanner-material pair that led to a significant difference, among the 15 pairs tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doğu Ömür Dede
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Gülce Çakmak
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Wei-En Lu
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andy Ai Ni
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Restorative, Preventive, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Demirel M, Donmez MB. Fabrication trueness and internal fit of different lithium disilicate ceramics according to post-milling firing and material type. J Dent 2024; 144:104987. [PMID: 38580056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether post-milling firing and material type affect the fabrication trueness and internal fit of lithium disilicate crowns. METHODS A prefabricated cobalt chromium abutment was digitized to design a mandibular right first molar crown. This design file was used to fabricate crowns from different lithium disilicate ceramics (nano-lithium disilicate (AM), fully crystallized lithium disilicate (IN), advanced lithium disilicate (TS), and lithium disilicate (EX)) (n = 10). Crowns, the abutment, and the crowns when seated on the abutment were digitized by using an intraoral scanner. Fabrication trueness was assessed by using the root mean square method, while the internal fit was evaluated according to the triple scan method. These processes were repeated after the post-milling firing of AM, TS, and EX. Paired samples t-tests were used to analyze the effect of post-milling firing within AM, TS, and EX, while all materials were compared with 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey HSD tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS Post-milling firing reduced the surface deviations and internal gap of AM and EX (P ≤ 0.014). AM mostly had higher deviations and internal gaps than other materials (P ≤ 0.030). CONCLUSIONS Post-milling firing increased the trueness and internal fit of tested nano-lithium disilicate and lithium disilicate ceramics. Nano-lithium disilicate mostly had lower trueness and higher internal gap; however, the maximum meaningful differences among tested materials were small. Therefore, the adjustment duration and clinical fit of tested crowns may be similar. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Tested lithium disilicate ceramics may be suitable alternatives to one another in terms of fabrication trueness and internal fit, considering the small differences in measured deviations and internal gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Münir Demirel
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Çakmak G, Rusa AM, Donmez MB, Akay C, Kahveci Ç, Schimmel M, Yilmaz B. Trueness of crowns fabricated by using additively and subtractively manufactured resin-based CAD-CAM materials. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:951-958. [PMID: 36470758 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Advancements in digital dental technologies have enabled the use of different resin-based materials that can be fabricated either additively or subtractively. However, knowledge on the fabrication trueness of these materials is scarce. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the trueness of crowns fabricated by using different resin-based computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS A complete crown for a mandibular right first molar with a 30-μm cement space was designed in standard tessellation language (STL) format. This master STL (MC-STL) was used to fabricate 40 complete crowns with 4 different resin-based CAD-CAM materials and either additive (Crowntec [MS]) or subtractive techniques (Brilliant Crios [BC], breCAM.monoCOM [PMMA], and G-CAM [GR]; n=10). All crowns were digitized with an intraoral scanner (CEREC Primescan SW 5.2) to generate their STL files (TC-STLs). MC-STL and TC-STLs were transferred into a 3-dimensional analysis software program (Medit Link v2.4.4), and a trueness (overall, external, occlusal, intaglio occlusal, and marginal) analysis was performed by using the root mean square (RMS) method. The Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests were performed to analyze data (α=.05). RESULTS The test groups had significantly different deviations on all surfaces (P≤.001). MS crowns had higher overall (P≤.007) and external surface (P≤.001) deviations than GR and PMMA crowns, while the differences between GR and PMMA crowns were not significant (P≥.441). BC crowns had higher external surface deviations than GR crowns (P=.005), higher occlusal deviations than GR and MS crowns (P≤.007), and higher intaglio occlusal deviations than GR and MS crowns (P≤.009). However, BC crowns had lower marginal deviations than MS and GR crowns (P≤.018). CONCLUSIONS The brand of resin-based CAD-CAM materials affected the trueness of crowns. Additively manufactured crowns (MS) mostly had lower overall and external surface trueness than the other groups. Nevertheless, the deviation values of occlusal, intaglio occlusal, and marginal trueness were generally small; thus, the effect of the tested materials on clinical crown fit may be negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülce Çakmak
- Senior Research Associate, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ana Maria Rusa
- Dissertation Student, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Asisstant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Istinye University, Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul, Turkey; Visiting Researcher, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Canan Akay
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey; Associate Professor, Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Kahveci
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Giresun University Faculty of Dentistry, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Martin Schimmel
- Chairman, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; External Research Associate, Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Associate Professor, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Associate Professor, Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Adjunct Professor, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
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Çakmak G, Donmez MB, Yılmaz D, Yoon HI, Kahveci Ç, Abou-Ayash S, Yilmaz B. Fabrication trueness and marginal quality of additively manufactured resin-based definitive laminate veneers with different restoration thicknesses. J Dent 2024; 144:104941. [PMID: 38490323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate how restoration thickness (0.5 mm and 0.7 mm) affects the fabrication trueness of additively manufactured definitive resin-based laminate veneers, and to analyze the effect of restoration thickness and margin location on margin quality. METHODS Two maxillary central incisors were prepared either for a 0.5 mm- or 0.7 mm-thick laminate veneer. After acquiring the partial-arch scans of each preparation, laminate veneers were designed and stored as reference data. By using these reference data, a total of 30 resin-based laminate veneers were additively manufactured (n = 15 per thickness). All veneers were digitized and stored as test data. The reference and test data were superimposed to calculate the root mean square values at overall, external, intaglio, and marginal surfaces. The margin quality at labial, incisal, mesial, and distal surfaces was evaluated. Fabrication trueness at each surface was analyzed with independent t-tests, while 2-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the effect of thickness and margin location on margin quality (α = 0.05). RESULTS Regardless of the evaluated surface, 0.7 mm-thick veneers had lower deviations (P < 0.001). Only the margin location (P < 0.001) affected the margin quality as labial margins had the lowest quality (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Restoration thickness affected the fabrication trueness of resin-based laminate veneers as 0.7 mm-thick veneers had significantly higher trueness. However, restoration thickness did not affect the margin quality and labial margins had the lowest quality. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Laminate veneers fabricated by using tested urethane-based acrylic resin may require less adjustment when fabricated in 0.7 mm thickness. However, marginal integrity issues may be encountered at the labial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülce Çakmak
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Deniz Yılmaz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hyung-In Yoon
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Samir Abou-Ayash
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, OH, USA
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Huang HY, Yang YT, Chuang CC, Shen YK, Chen MH, Lin WC. Evaluation of the clinical application of personalized 3D printing and CAD/CAM resin crowns to replace stainless steel crowns in paediatric dentistry. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024. [PMID: 38570933 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with dental caries are treated with stainless steel metal crowns (SSC), but the aesthetics and precision still need to be improved. Currently, both 3D-printed resin crowns (PRC) and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) resin crowns (CRC) meet the clinical requirements for crown applications in terms of strength, production time, cost, and aesthetics. AIM This study replaced SSC with customized resin crowns by 3D printing and CAD/CAM. DESIGN In this study, PRC, CRC, and SSC were used for incisor and molar restorations, and 60 crowns were made with 10 for each group. The fabrication efficiency, surface characteristics, marginal fit, and stability of the two different crowns were evaluated. RESULTS PRC and CRC show superior color and surface characteristics, though production times are longer (5.3-12.4 times and 3.3-9.1 times, respectively) than for SSC (p < .05). They, however, can be completed within 80 min. Edge gaps for PRC and CRC are significantly lower (13.0-19.2 times and 13.0-13.7 times) than for SSC (p < .05). All materials exhibit good stability. CONCLUSION The 3D-PRCs and CAD/CAM resin crowns may replace SSCs as a potential choice for clinical child caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Yu Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chao Chuang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kang Shen
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hsiung Chen
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Lin
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Çakmak G, Cuellar AR, Donmez MB, Abou-Ayash S, Lu WE, Schimmel M, Yilmaz B. Effect of printing layer thickness on the trueness of 3-unit interim fixed partial dentures. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:718-725. [PMID: 35636984 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Three-dimensional printing has facilitated the fabrication processes in dentistry. However, knowledge on the effect of layer thickness on the trueness of 3D printed fixed partial dentures (FPDs) is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of printing layer thickness on the trueness of 3-unit interim FPDs fabricated by using additive manufacturing with that of those fabricated by subtractive manufacturing. MATERIAL AND METHODS The right first premolar and first molar teeth of a dentate mandibular model were prepared for a 3-unit restoration and then digitized by using an intraoral scanner. A 3-unit interim FPD was designed to fabricate 40 restorations by using either the additive (NextDent C&B MFH) with layer thicknesses of 20 μm (n=10), 50 μm (n=10), and 100 μm (n=10) or subtractive manufacturing technique (Upcera) (milled, n=10). After fabrication, the interim FPDs were digitized by using the same intraoral scanner and were superimposed over the design data by using a 3D analysis software program. Root mean square (RMS) was used to analyze the trueness of the restorations at 4 different surfaces (external, intaglio, marginal area, and intaglio occlusal) and as a complete unit (overall). Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests with Bonferroni correction (α=.05). RESULTS The 100-μm-layer thickness interim FPDs showed the greatest overall (P≤.015), external (P≤.021), and intaglio occlusal (P≤.021) deviations, whereas the milled interim FPDs showed the lowest (P=.001). No significant differences were found among the test groups for marginal RMS (P≥.108). The differences between the 50-μm-layer thickness and 100-μm-layer thickness interim FPDs for the intaglio surface deviations (P=.064) and between the 20-μm-layer thickness and 50-μm-layer thickness interim FPDs for each surface tested were not statistically significant (P≥.108). CONCLUSIONS The printing layer thickness had a significant effect on the trueness of the additively manufactured interim FPDs. However, subtractively manufactured interim FPDs presented higher trueness than those additively manufactured, regardless of the printing layer thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülce Çakmak
- Buser Foundation Scholar for Implant Dentistry, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Alfonso Rodriguez Cuellar
- Professor, Department of Periodontology, Clinica Dental Rodriguez Dental Clinic, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Istinye University Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey; Visiting Researcher, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Samir Abou-Ayash
- Senior Lecturer and Head of the Section of Digital Implant and Reconstructive Dentistry, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wei-En Lu
- PhD student, Division of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Martin Schimmel
- Chairman, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; External Researcher, Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Associate Professor, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Associate Professor, Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Adjunct Professor, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
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10
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Aljehani A, Nabalawi A, Hefni A, Alsefri Z, Fakhry O, Al Zaibak W, Raffa O. Effect of build orientation on the fracture resistance and marginal quality of 3D-printed anatomic provisional crowns: An in-vitro study. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:584-590. [PMID: 38690397 PMCID: PMC11056395 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies have been increasingly used to fabricate provisional restorations in recent years. This study assessed how build orientation influences the fracture resistance and marginal quality of 3D-printed crowns compared with milled provisional crowns. Methods The test group included 3D-printed crowns (Freeprint temp Shade A2, Detax, Ettlingen, Germany), which were further subdivided based on print orientation (0°, 45°, and 90°; n = 10 for each subgroup). The control group (n = 10) included milled crowns (Coratemp, White Peaks, Germany) with the same design as those of the test group. The margin quality of each crown was assessed at 60 × magnification using a digital stereomicroscope. A load-to-fracture test was performed by applying a force at a rate of 2 mm/min to assess fracture resistance. One sample from each subgroup was also subjected to scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Results The milled group exhibited the highest fracture resistance and marginal quality. Within the printed subgroups, the 0° group showed the best mean marginal quality, whereas the 90° group showed the lowest mean marginal quality (p < 0.05). Within the test groups, the 90° group had the highest mean fracture resistance (p < 0.05). In the SEM analysis, the milled group exhibited the most homogenous boundaries, whereas among the 3D-printed subgroups, the samples printed at 0° had the best margin quality. Conclusion The manufacturing method significantly influences the marginal quality and fracture resistance. Milled crowns demonstrated superior marginal quality and fracture resistance compared to those of 3D printed crowns. Furthermore, the print orientation of 0° led to the best marginal quality, whereas printing at 90° led to the highest fracture resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed Hefni
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad Alsefri
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Fakhry
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa Al Zaibak
- Department of Periodontics and Implants, Joele special medical center, Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Ossama Raffa
- Department of Prosthodontics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Luo K, Liu Q, Alhotan A, Dai J, Li A, Xu S, Li P. Effect of post-curing conditions on surface characteristics, physico-mechanical properties, and cytotoxicity of a 3D-printed denture base polymer. Dent Mater 2024; 40:500-507. [PMID: 38184445 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the influence of post-polymerization (post-curing) conditions on surface characteristics, flexural properties, water sorption and solubility, and cytotoxicity of additively manufactured denture base materials. METHODS The tested specimens were additively manufactured using digital light processing and classified into different post-curing condition groups: submerged in water (WAT), submerged in glycerin (GLY), and air exposure (AIR). An uncured specimen (UNC) was used as a control. The surface topography and roughness were observed. The flexural strength and modulus were determined via a three-point bending test. The water sorption and solubility were subsequently tested. Finally, an extract test was performed to assess cytotoxicity. RESULTS Different post-curing conditions had no significant effects on the surface topography and roughness (Sa value). Various post-curing conditions also had no significant effects on the flexural strength. Notably, the flexural modulus of the WAT group (2671.80 ± 139.42 MPa) was significantly higher than the AIR group (2197.47 ± 197.93 MPa, p = 0.0103). After different post-curing conditions, the water sorption and solubility of the specimens met the ISO standards. Finally, all post-curing conditions effectively reduced cytotoxic effects. SIGNIFICANCES Post-curing with different oxygen levels improved flexural properties, and flexural modulus significantly increased after the specimens were submerged in water. In addition, water sorption and solubility, and cytocompatibility were optimized by post-curing, irrespective of the post-curing conditions. Therefore, the water-submerged conditions optimized the flexural modulus of the 3D-printed denture base materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Luo
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O.Box 10219, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jingtao Dai
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - An Li
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Shulan Xu
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Ping Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China; Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China.
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12
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Çakmak G, Chebaro J, Donmez MB, Yılmaz D, Yoon HI, Kahveci Ç, Schimmel M, Yilmaz B. Influence of intraoral scanner and finish line location on the fabrication trueness and margin quality of additively manufactured laminate veneers fabricated with a completely digital workflow. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:313.e1-313.e9. [PMID: 37978007 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Knowledge of the fabrication trueness and margin quality of additively manufactured (AM) laminate veneers (LVs) when different intraoral scanners (IOSs) and finish line locations are used is limited. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the fabrication trueness and margin quality of AM LVs with different finish line locations digitized by using different IOSs. MATERIAL AND METHODS An LV preparation with a subgingival (sub), equigingival (equi), or supragingival (supra) finish line was performed on 3 identical maxillary right central incisor typodont teeth. Each preparation was digitized by using 2 IOSs, (CEREC Primescan [PS] and TRIOS 3 [TS]), and a reference LV for each finish line-IOS pair (n=6) was designed. A total of 90 LVs were fabricated by using these files and urethane acrylate-based definitive resin (Tera Harz TC-80DP) (n=15). Each LV was then digitized by using PS to evaluate fabrication trueness (overall, external, intaglio, and marginal surfaces). Each LV was also qualitatively evaluated under a stereomicroscope (×60), and the cervical and incisal margin quality was graded. Fabrication trueness and cervical margin quality were evaluated by using 2-way analysis of variance, while Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney-U tests were used to evaluate incisal margin quality (α=.05). RESULTS The interaction between the IOS type and the finish line location affected measured deviations at each surface (P≤.020). PS-sub and TS-supra had higher overall trueness than their counterparts. and the subgingival finish line resulted in the lowest trueness (P≤.005). PS and the subgingival finish line led to the lowest trueness of the external surface (P≤.001). TS-sub had the lowest intaglio surface trueness among the TS subgroups, and PS-sub had higher trueness than TS-sub (P<.001). PS-sub and PS-supra had higher marginal surface trueness than their TS counterparts (P<.001). TS resulted in higher cervical margin quality (P=.001). CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the IOS tested, subgingival finish lines resulted in the lowest trueness. The effect of IOS on the measured deviations varied according to the surface evaluated and finish line location. The cervical margin quality of AM LVs was higher when TS was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülce Çakmak
- Senior Resarch Associate, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jad Chebaro
- Predoctoral student, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and Private Practice, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istinye University, İstanbul, Turkey; and ITI Scholar, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Deniz Yılmaz
- Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hyung-In Yoon
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Adjunct Professor, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Çiğdem Kahveci
- Prosthodontist, Ordu Oral and Dental Health Center, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Martin Schimmel
- Professor and Head, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and External Research Associate, Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Associate Professor, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Associate Professor, Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and Adjunct Professor, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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13
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Donmez MB, Çakmak G, Dede DÖ, Küçükekenci AS, Lu WE, Schumacher FL, Revilla-León M, Yilmaz B. Effect of scan powder and scanning technology on measured deviations of complete-arch implant supported frameworks digitized with industrial and intraoral scanners. J Dent 2023; 138:104736. [PMID: 37802291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the suitability of intraoral scanners (IOSs) to analyze the fabrication trueness of titanium complete-arch implant-supported frameworks by comparing with an industrial-grade scanner and investigate how anti-reflective scan powder affects measured deviations. METHODS Ten titanium complete-arch implant-supported frameworks were milled from a reference standard tessellation language (STL) file. An industrial-grade blue light scanner (ATOS Core 80 (AT)) and three IOSs (Primescan (PS), TRIOS T3 (T3), and TRIOS T4 (T4)) with (PS-P, T3-P, and T4-P) or without (PS, T3, and T4) anti-reflective scan powder application were used to generate test STL (TSTL) files of the frameworks. Reference STL and TSTLs were imported into a metrology-grade analysis software (Geomagic Control X) and whole surface root mean square (RMS) values were calculated. Another software (Medit Link v 2.4.4) was used to virtually isolate marginal surfaces of all STL files and marginal RMS values were calculated by using the same metrology-grade analysis software. A linear mixed effects model was used to compare the transformed deviations of the scans performed by using each IOS (with or without powder) with the deviations of those performed by using the reference AT scanner within each surface, where a Box-Cox type transformation was used for variance stability. Bonferroni corrected post-hoc tests were used to compare conditions within each IOS (α=0.05). RESULTS All IOSs had significantly higher whole surface and marginal RMS values than AT, regardless of the condition (P≤.002). However, scan powder application did not affect the whole surface and marginal RMS values in scans of tested IOSs (P≥.054). CONCLUSION Measured whole surface and marginal deviations in all IOS scans performed with or without the use of scan powder were higher than those in AT scans. The application of anti-reflective scan powder did not affect the deviations in scans of tested IOSs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Even though deviations measured in the scans of tested scanners were significantly different than those in the reference scanner, the maximum raw mean difference was 37.33 µm and the maximum raw confidence interval value of estimated differences was 47.88 µm, which can be considered clinically small taking into account the size of the frameworks tested. Therefore, tested intraoral scanners may be feasible to scan prostheses similar to or smaller than tested frameworks for fabrication trueness analysis, which may facilitate potential clinical adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Gülce Çakmak
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Doğu Ömür Dede
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | | | - Wei-En Lu
- Division of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Fernanda Lang Schumacher
- Division of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Marta Revilla-León
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Faculty and Director of Research and Digital Dentistry, Kois Center, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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14
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Yilmaz B, Dede DÖ, Donmez MB, Küçükekenci AS, Lu WE, Schumacher FL, Çakmak G. Comparison of intraoral and laboratory scanners to an industrial-grade scanner while analyzing the fabrication trueness of polymer and titanium complete-arch implant-supported frameworks. J Dent 2023; 138:104697. [PMID: 37696469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the scans of different intraoral scanners (IOSs) and laboratory scanners (LBSs) to those of an industrial-grade optical scanner by measuring deviations of complete-arch implant-supported frameworks from their virtual design file. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and 10 titanium (Ti) complete-arch implant-supported frameworks were milled from a master standard tessellation language (STL) file. An industrial-grade blue light scanner (AT), 2 LBSs (MT and E4), and 3 IOSs (PS, T3, and T4) were used to generate STL files of these frameworks. All STLs were imported into an analysis software (Geomagic Control X) and overall root mean square (RMS) values were calculated. Marginal surfaces of all STL files were then virtually isolated (Medit Link v 2.4.4) and marginal RMS values were calculated. Deviations in scans of tested scanners were compared with those in scans of AT by using a linear mixed effects model (α = 0.05). RESULTS When the scans of PEEK frameworks were considered, PS and T3 had similar overall RMS to those of AT (p ≥ .076). However, E4 and T4 had higher and MT had lower overall RMS than AT (p ≤ .002) with a maximum estimated mean difference of 13.41 µm. When the scans of Ti frameworks were considered, AT had significantly lower overall RMS than tested scanners (p ≤ .010) with a maximum estimated mean difference of 31.35 µm. Scans of tested scanners led to significantly higher marginal RMS than scans of AT (p ≤ .006) with a maximum estimated mean difference of 53.90 µm for PEEK and 40.50 µm for Ti frameworks. CONCLUSION Only the PEEK framework scans of PS and T3 led to similar overall deviations to those of AT. However, scans of all tested scanners resulted in higher marginal deviations than those of AT scans. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Scans performed by using PS and T3 may be alternatives to those of tested reference industrial scanner AT, for the overall fabrication trueness analysis of complete-arch implant-supported PEEK frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, OH, USA
| | - Doğu Ömür Dede
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Wei-En Lu
- Division of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Fernanda Lang Schumacher
- Division of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gülce Çakmak
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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15
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Elbashti M, Molinero-Mourelle P, Aswehlee A, Bornstein MM, Abou-Ayash S, Schimmel M, Ella B, Naveau A. Effect of triangular mesh resolution on the geometrical trueness of segmented CBCT maxillofacial data into STL format. J Dent 2023; 138:104722. [PMID: 37742810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the optimal level of mesh reduction that would maintain acceptable levels of geometrical trueness while also minimizing the impact on other parameters such as file size and processing time. METHODS Intraoral and extraoral maxillofacial defects were created on 8 cadaver heads and scanned by using a CBCT scanner (NewTom 3D Imaging, Verona). DICOM data were segmented to produce head (n=8) and skull models (n=8) saved as standard tessellation language (STL) files. A further processing of head models was preformed to produce face (n=8) and ear models (n=8). A mesh reduction process was performed for each STL model (reference, R0) by generating 50% (R1), 75% (R2), and 90% (R3) reductions. The 3 datasets were compared to the R0 file using 3D evaluation software (GOM Inspect) using a global best-fit algorithm, to calculate the root mean square (RMS) deviations. Statistical analyses were performed at a level of significance of α=0.05. RESULTS There was no 3D deviation after the 50% triangular mesh reduction in the 4 datasets. Minor 3D deviations were observed after 75% reduction, in all groups. After 90% reduction, higher 3D deviations were observed, and especially in head and skull. Statistically significant increase in 3D deviations was observed with higher degrees of mesh reduction (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The resolution of CBCT-based maxillofacial defect models can be reduced up to 50%, with neglectable concern to inaccuracy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Accurate maxillofacial models can be obtained from CBCT DICOM files after segmentation and export as STL files, even when the mesh resolution is reduced up to 50%. This information can be valuable for practitioners and researchers working with 3D models of maxillofacial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elbashti
- Department of Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Pedro Molinero-Mourelle
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Orofacial Prosthodontics, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Amel Aswehlee
- Department of Dental Technology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya.
| | - Michael M Bornstein
- Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Samir Abou-Ayash
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Schimmel
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, and Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Bruno Ella
- Oral Surgery Department, School of Surgery, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Adrien Naveau
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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Hasanzade M, Yaghoobi N, Nematollahi P, Ghazanfari R. Comparison of the marginal and internal fit of PMMA interim crowns printed with different layer thicknesses in 3D-printing technique. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:832-839. [PMID: 37386767 PMCID: PMC10582242 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of printing layer thickness on the marginal and internal fit of interim crowns. MATERIAL AND METHODS A maxillary first molar model was prepared for ceramic restoration. Thirty-six crowns were printed with three different layer thicknesses using a digital light processing-based three-dimensional printer (25, 50, and 100 µm [LT 25, LT 50, and LT 100]). The marginal and internal gaps of the crowns were measured with replica technique. An analysis of variance was conducted to determine if there were significant differences between the groups (ɑ = .05). RESULTS The marginal gap of LT 100 group was significantly higher than that LT 25 (p = .002) and LT 50 groups (p ≤ .001). The LT 25 group has significantly larger axial gaps than LT 50 group (p = .013); however, there were no statistically significant differences between other groups. The LT 50 group showed the smallest axio-occlusal gap. The mean occlusal gap differed significantly by printing layer thickness (p ≤ .001), with the largest gap occurring for LT 100. CONCLUSIONS Provisional crowns printed with 50 µm layer thickness provided the best marginal and internal fit. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE It is recommended that provisional crowns be printed with a 50 µm layer thickness to ensure optimal marginal and internal fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Hasanzade
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, International CampusTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Negin Yaghoobi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of DentistryTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Parsa Nematollahi
- School of Dentistry, International CampusTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Rezvaneh Ghazanfari
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, International CampusTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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17
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Demirel M, Diken Türksayar AA, Donmez MB. Fabrication trueness and internal fit of hybrid abutment crowns fabricated by using additively and subtractively manufactured resins. J Dent 2023; 136:104621. [PMID: 37453654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the fabrication trueness and internal fit of hybrid abutment crowns fabricated by using additively and subtractively manufactured restorative materials. METHODS A maxillary first premolar crown with a screw access channel was designed onto a digitized master titanium base abutment. This file was used to fabricate 40 crowns additively (Crowntec (CT) and VarseoSmile Crown Plus (VS)) or subtractively (Brilliant Crios (BC) and Vita Enamic (EN)) (n = 10). Crowns were digitized with an intraoral scanner and root mean square method was used to evaluate fabrication trueness. Master abutment and the crowns when seated on the abutment were also digitized with the same intraoral scanner and triple scan method was used to evaluate internal fit. Data were analyzed either with 1-way ANOVA (surface deviations) or Kruskal-Wallis (internal fit) tests (α= 0.05). RESULTS CT had the highest overall, external, and marginal surface deviations (P≤.030), whereas BC had the lowest external (P≤.001) and VS and EN had the lowest marginal surface deviations (P≤.007). BC had the highest intaglio surface deviations (P<.001). BC and EN had higher average gap values CT and VS (P≤.006); however, the differences within additively and subtractively manufactured materials were nonsignificant (P≥.858). CONCLUSIONS One of the tested additively manufactured resins (CT) resulted in mostly lower trueness than that of other materials. However, deviations at the intaglio and marginal surfaces were generally small and the maximum mean difference among test groups when average gap was considered was 17.4 µm. Therefore, clinical fit of hybrid abutment crowns fabricated with tested materials may be similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Münir Demirel
- Assistant Professor, Oral and Dental Health, Vocational School, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Almira Ada Diken Türksayar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey; Guest Researcher, ADMiRE Research Center-Additive Manufacturing, Intelligent Robotics, Sensors and Engineering, School of Engineering and IT, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Villach, Austria
| | - Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey; Visiting Researcher, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Celik HK, Koc S, Kustarci A, Caglayan N, Rennie AE. The state of additive manufacturing in dental research - A systematic scoping review of 2012-2022. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17462. [PMID: 37484349 PMCID: PMC10361388 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, has the potential to transform the industry. While there have been advancements in using AM for dental restorations, there is still a need for further research to develop functional biomedical and dental materials. It's crucial to understand the current status of AM technology and research trends to advance dental research in this field. The aim of this study is to reveal the current status of international scientific publications in the field of dental research related to AM technologies. Materials and methods In this study, a systematic scoping review was conducted using appropriate keywords within the scope of international scientific publishing databases (PubMed and Web of Science). The review included related clinical and laboratory research, including both human and animal studies, case reports, review articles, and questionnaire studies. A total of 187 research studies were evaluated for quantitative synthesis in this review. Results The findings highlighted a rising trend in research numbers over the years (From 2012 to 2022). The most publications were produced in 2020 and 2021, with annual percentage increases of 25.7% and 26.2%, respectively. The majority of AM-related publications in dentistry research originate from Korea. The pioneer dental sub-fields with the ost publications in its category are prosthodontics and implantology, respectively. Conclusion The final review result clearly stated an expectation for the future that the research in dentistry would concentrate on AM technologies in order to increase the new product and process development in dental materials, tools, implants and new generation modelling strategy related to AM. The results of this work can be used as indicators of trends related to AM research in dentistry and/or as prospects for future publication expectations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Kursat Celik
- Dept. of Agr. Machinery and Technology Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
| | - Simay Koc
- Dept. of Endodontics, Fac. of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Alper Kustarci
- Dept. of Endodontics, Fac. of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nuri Caglayan
- Dept. of Mechatronics, Fac. of Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Çakmak G, Jutzi D, Donmez MB, Kahveci Ç, de Paula MS, Schimmel M, Yilmaz B. Effect of number of supports and build angle on the fabrication and internal fit accuracy of additively manufactured definitive resin-ceramic hybrid crowns. J Dent 2023; 134:104548. [PMID: 37192693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of number of supports and build angle on the fabrication and internal fit accuracy (trueness and precision) of additively manufactured resin-ceramic hybrid crowns. METHODS A mandibular first molar crown was designed and nested on the build platform of a printer either with a 30° angle between the occlusal surface and the build platform (BLS (less support) and BMS (more support)) or its occlusal surface parallel to the build platform (VLS (less support) and VMS (more support)) to fabricate additively manufactured resin-ceramic hybrid crowns (n=14). After fabrication, supports were removed by a blinded operator and all crowns were digitized with an intraoral scanner. Fabrication accuracy (overall, external, intaglio occlusal, occlusal, and marginal) was evaluated by using root mean square (RMS) method, while internal fit was evaluated with triple scan method. RMS, average gap, and precision of these data were analyzed (α= .05). RESULTS VLS had higher overall deviations than BLS and VMS (P≤.039). VMS had higher occlusal deviations than BLS (P=.033). While BMS and BLS had higher marginal deviations than VLS (P≤.006), BMS also had higher values than VMS (P=.012). BLS led to higher precision than VMS (intaglio occlusal and occlusal surfaces) and VLS (occlusal surface) (P≤.008). VLS led to higher precision than BMS (marginal surface) (P=.027). Average gap values were similar (P=.723); however, BLS resulted in higher precision than VLS (P=.018). CONCLUSIONS Considering their high marginal and occlusal surface trueness, and similar internal occlusal deviations and average gaps (trueness), clinical fit of resin-ceramic hybrid crowns fabricated with tested parameters may be similar. Reduced number of supports and angled orientation may lead to higher precision of fit. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Tested resin-ceramic hybrid-printer pair may be used to fabricate crowns with reduced number of supports to maintain occlusal surface integrity without compromising the fabrication accuracy and fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülce Çakmak
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dino Jutzi
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Department of Prosthodontics, Istinye University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Çiğdem Kahveci
- Department of Prosthodontics, Giresun University Faculty of Dentistry, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Marcella Silve de Paula
- Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Martin Schimmel
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Ohio, USA
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Donmez MB, Yilmaz B, Yoon HI, Kahveci Ç, Schimmel M, Çakmak G. Effect of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing technique on the accuracy of fixed partial denture patterns used for casting or pressing. J Dent 2023; 130:104434. [PMID: 36693586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of additive and subtractive manufacturing on the accuracy (trueness and precision) of fixed partial denture patterns (FPDPs) used for casting or pressing. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 3-unit complete coverage FPD on mandibular right first premolar and first molar teeth was virtually designed. Using the design data, FPD patterns were fabricated from an additively manufactured resin (PR, ProArt Print Wax) and 2 CAD-CAM wax discs (YW, ProArt CAD Wax Yellow and BW, ProArt CAD Wax Blue) (n = 10). Each pattern was then digitized with a scanner (CEREC Primescan) and evaluated for 3D surface deviation at 4 different surfaces (overall, external, marginal, and intaglio surfaces) by using a 3D analysis software (Medit Link). Root mean square (RMS) values were automatically calculated. Data were analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's post hoc tests for trueness and precision (α= 0.05). RESULTS Significant differences were found among the RMS values for overall (P<.001) and each surface (P≤.040) evaluated. PR had the highest overall (P≤.011) and intaglio surface (P≤.01) deviations, while the difference between YW and BW was not significant (P≥.199). PR had the highest (P≤.027) and BW had the lowest (P≤.042) external surface mean RMS values. BW had higher mean marginal RMS value than YW (P=.047). For precision, significant differences were observed among test groups only for marginal RMS values (P=.002). PR had lower precision than BW (P=.002). CONCLUSIONS BW and YW FPDPs mostly had higher trueness compared with PR FPDPs. However, considering relatively smaller deviations at marginal and intaglio surfaces and the fact that patterns mostly had similar precision, clinical fit of FPDs fabricated by using tested patterns may be similar. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Definitive 3-unit fixed partial dentures fabricated by using tested patterns may be similar. However, FPDs fabricated with tested additively manufactured resin patterns might result in more chairside adjustments than those fabricated with tested subtractively manufactured wax patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Ohio, USA
| | - Hyung-In Yoon
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Çiğdem Kahveci
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Martin Schimmel
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gülce Çakmak
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Jung JM, Kim GN, Koh YH, Kim HE. Manufacturing and Characterization of Dental Crowns Made of 5-mol% Yttria Stabilized Zirconia by Digital Light Processing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1447. [PMID: 36837076 PMCID: PMC9963883 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We herein report manufacturing of dental crowns made of 5-mol% yttria partially stabilized zirconia (5Y-PSZ) with desired mechanical properties, optical translucency and dimensional accuracy using digital light processing (DLP). To this end, all processing parameters were carefully controlled and optimized. First, 5Y-PSZ particles with a bimodal distribution were prepared via calcination of as-received granules and subsequent ball-milling and then used to formulate 5Y-PSZ suspensions with a high solid loading of 50 vol% required for high densification after sintering. Dispersant content was also optimized. To provide high dimensional accuracy, initial dimensions of dental crowns for 3D printing were precisely determined by considering increase and decrease in dimensions during photopolymerization and sintering, respectively. Photopolymerization time was also optimized for a given layer thickness of 50 μm to ensure good bonding between layers. A multi-step debinding schedule with a slow heating rate was employed to avoid formation of any defects. After sintering at 1500 °C for 2 h, 5Y-PSZ could be almost fully densified without noticeable defects within layers and at interfaces between layers. They had high relative densities (99.03 ± 0.39%) with a high cubic phase content (59.1%). These characteristics allowed for achievement of reasonably high mechanical properties (flexural strength = 625.4 ± 75.5 MPa and Weibull modulus = 7.9) and % transmittance (31.4 ± 0.7%). In addition, 5Y-PSZ dental crowns showed excellent dimensional accuracy (root mean square (RMS) for marginal discrepancy = 44.4 ± 10.8 μm and RMS for internal gap = 22.8 ± 1.6 μm) evaluated by the 3D scanning technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Jung
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Nam Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hag Koh
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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22
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Rezaie F, Farshbaf M, Dahri M, Masjedi M, Maleki R, Amini F, Wirth J, Moharamzadeh K, Weber FE, Tayebi L. 3D Printing of Dental Prostheses: Current and Emerging Applications. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2023; 7:80. [PMID: 38645939 PMCID: PMC11031267 DOI: 10.3390/jcs7020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Revolutionary fabrication technologies such as three-dimensional (3D) printing to develop dental structures are expected to replace traditional methods due to their ability to establish constructs with the required mechanical properties and detailed structures. Three-dimensional printing, as an additive manufacturing approach, has the potential to rapidly fabricate complex dental prostheses by employing a bottom-up strategy in a layer-by-layer fashion. This new technology allows dentists to extend their degree of freedom in selecting, creating, and performing the required treatments. Three-dimensional printing has been narrowly employed in the fabrication of various kinds of prostheses and implants. There is still an on-demand production procedure that offers a reasonable method with superior efficiency to engineer multifaceted dental constructs. This review article aims to cover the most recent applications of 3D printing techniques in the manufacturing of dental prosthetics. More specifically, after describing various 3D printing techniques and their advantages/disadvantages, the applications of 3D printing in dental prostheses are elaborated in various examples in the literature. Different 3D printing techniques have the capability to use different materials, including thermoplastic polymers, ceramics, and metals with distinctive suitability for dental applications, which are discussed in this article. The relevant limitations and challenges that currently limit the efficacy of 3D printing in this field are also reviewed. This review article has employed five major scientific databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus, with appropriate keywords to find the most relevant literature in the subject of dental prostheses 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshte Rezaie
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz P.O. Box 5163639888, Iran
| | - Masoud Farshbaf
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz P.O. Box 5163639888, Iran
| | - Mohammad Dahri
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz P.O. Box 5163639888, Iran
| | - Moein Masjedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz P.O. Box 6468571468, Iran
| | - Reza Maleki
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran P.O. Box 33535111, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amini
- School of Dentistry, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 5163639888, Iran
| | - Jonathan Wirth
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Keyvan Moharamzadeh
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine (HBMCDM), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU), Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Franz E. Weber
- Center for Dental Medicine/Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
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23
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Yilmaz B, Donmez MB, Kahveci Ç, Cuellar AR, de Paula MS, Schimmel M, Abou-Ayash S, Çakmak G. Effect of printing layer thickness on the trueness and fit of additively manufactured removable dies. J Prosthet Dent 2022; 128:1318.e1-1318.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Additive or subtractive manufacturing of crown patterns used for pressing or casting: A trueness analysis. J Dent 2022; 124:104221. [PMID: 35820503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of subtractive and additive manufacturing techniques on the trueness of crown patterns used for pressing or casting. MATERIAL AND METHODS A complete-coverage mandibular right first molar crown was designed in standard tessellation language (STL) format. This STL served as the control (C-STL) and was used to fabricate 30 crown patterns in 3D-printed resin (PR, ProArt Print Wax), millable wax suitable for casting (BW, ProArt CAD Wax Blue), and millable wax suitable for pressing (YW, ProArt CAD Wax Yellow) (n = 10). Subtractively manufactured patterns were fabricated by using a 5-axis milling unit (PrograMill PM7), while 3D-printed patterns were fabricated by using a digital light processing-based 3D printer (PrograPrint PR5; Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein). All fabricated patterns were digitized by using an intraoral scanner (CEREC Primescan SW 5.2) to generate test-STLs. C-STL and test-STLs were transferred into a 3D analysis software (Medit Link v 2.4.4). Trueness evaluation was performed at 4 different surfaces (external, intaglio with margin, marginal, and intaglio without margin) and for complete scan meshes (overall) by using the root mean square (RMS) method. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (α = .05). RESULTS RMS values varied significantly at all surfaces (P < .001), except for marginal surface (P = .151). PR had the highest RMS values at external surface (P ≤ .007), intaglio surfaces (with (P ≤ .003) and without margin (P ≤ .005)), and overall (P ≤ .01). No significant differences were observed between YW and BW (P ≥ .223). CONCLUSION Patterns fabricated by using subtractive manufacturing exhibited high trueness. The deviation values, in general, were small, particularly at intaglio and marginal surfaces; thus, clinical difference in crown-fit may be negligible using additive or subtractive technique. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The fit of definitive crowns may be similar when tested crown patterns are additively or subtractively manufactured. However, crowns fabricated by using tested 3D-printed resin patterns may require more chairside adjustments compared with those fabricated by using subtractively manufactured wax patterns.
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Hussein MO, Hussein LA. Trueness of 3D printed partial denture frameworks: build orientations and support structure density parameters. J Adv Prosthodont 2022; 14:150-161. [PMID: 35855318 PMCID: PMC9259348 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2022.14.3.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of build orientations and density of support structures on the trueness of the 3D printed removable partial denture (RPD) frameworks. MATERIALS AND METHODS A maxillary Kennedy class III and mandibular class I casts were 3D scanned and used to design and produce two 3D virtual models of RPD frameworks. Using digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing, 47 RPD frameworks were fabricated at 3 different build orientations (100, 135 and 150-degree angles) and 2 support structure densities. All frameworks were scanned and 3D compared to the original virtual RPD models by metrology software to check 3D deviations quantitatively and qualitatively. The accuracy data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA for build orientation comparison and independent sample t-test for structure density comparison at (α = .05). Points study analysis targeting RPD components and representative color maps were also studied. RESULTS The build orientation of 135-degree angle of the maxillary frameworks showed the lowest deviation at the clasp arms of tooth 26 of the 135-degree angle group. The mandibular frameworks with 150-degree angle build orientation showed the least deviation at the rest on tooth 44 and the arm of the I-bar clasp of tooth 45. No significant difference was seen between different support structure densities. CONCLUSION Build orientation had an influence on the accuracy of the frameworks, especially at a 135-degree angle of maxillary design and 150-degree of mandibular design. The difference in the support's density structure revealed no considerable effect on the accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Omran Hussein
- Department of Prosthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry in Ar Rass, Qassim University, El-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamis Ahmed Hussein
- Dental Biomaterials, Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Hussein MO, Hussein LA. Optimization of Digital Light Processing Three-Dimensional Printing of the Removable Partial Denture Frameworks; The Role of Build Angle and Support Structure Diameter. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:2316. [PMID: 35329767 PMCID: PMC8951244 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The optimal three-dimensional (3D) printing parameters of removable partial denture (RPD) frameworks should be studied to achieve the best accuracy, printing time, and least materials consumed. This study aimed to find the best build angle and support structures' diameter of the 3D printed (RPD) framework. Sixty (RPD) frameworks (10 in each group) were manufactured by digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology at three build angles (110-D, 135-D, and 150-D) and two support structures diameters (thick, L, and thin, S). Six groups were named according to their printing setting as (110-DS, 135-DS, 150-DS, 110-DL, 135-DL, and 150-DL). Frameworks were 3D scanned and compared to the original cast surface using 3D metrology software (Geomagic Control X; 3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC). Both printing time and material consumption were also recorded. Data were tested for the significant difference by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test at (α = 0.05). The correlations between outcome parameters were also calculated. The 110-DL group showed the least accuracy. Significantly, the printing time of the 150-D groups had the lowest time. Material consumption of group 110-DS presented the lowest significantly statistical value. Printing time had a linear correlation with both accuracy and material consumption. Within the study limitations, the 150-degree build angle and thin diameter support structures showed optimal accuracy and time-saving regardless of material consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Omran Hussein
- Department of Prosthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry in Ar Rass, Qassim University, El-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamis Ahmed Hussein
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt;
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Triangular mesh reduction of digitized maxillectomy defects for prosthetic rehabilitation: A 3D deviation study. J Dent 2022; 122:104090. [PMID: 35276319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of different amounts of triangular mesh reduction on the trueness of digitized complete-arch dentate and edentulous maxillectomy defects models. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty gypsum maxillectomy defect models (dentate and edentate group: n=10) were digitized using the Trios 3 intraoral scanner, scanning the teeth, mucosa and maxillectomy defect. These datasets (reference, R0) were saved as standard tessellation language (STL) files, and triangular mesh reduction was performed using Meshmixer's reduction tool. Digital test-datasets with file sizes reduced by 50%(R1), 75%(R2), and 90%(R3) were generated (each: n=20). Each test-dataset was compared to the R0 file using 3D evaluation software (GOM Inspect), applying automated pre-alignment followed by a global best-fit alignment, and root mean square (RMS) 3-dimensional (3D) deviations were calculated. Statistical analyses were performed, at a level of significance of α=0.05. RESULTS The number of triangles, and STL file size were synchronized with each other and inversely proportional to the amount of mesh reduction. The resulting mean percentages of the STL file sizes were 50.00% for R1, 24.93% for R2, and 10.00% for R3. There were no 3D deviations at 50% triangular mesh reduction. The 3D deviations increased with the amount of mesh reduction: at 75% reduction the median deviations were lower (dentate:0.0016mm, IQR:0.0015-0.0018; edentate:0.0016mm, IQR:0.0015-0.0016), than at 90% (dentate:0.004mm, IQR:0.0038-0.0041; edentate:0.003mm, IQR:0.0036-0.0039). A statistically significant increase in 3D deviations was observed with higher degrees of mesh reduction (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Triangular mesh reduction results in a significant increase in 3D deviations if the reduction is more than 75%. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Digital models of patients with maxillectomy defects can be saved with a mesh reduction of 50% without affecting the trueness. The use of a 50% mesh reduction decreases the required storage capacity by 50%.
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